ABSTRACT The correct use of tyres on agricultural tractors, in respect of the terrain and the type and internal pressure of the tyre, are factors that influence the performance of the tractor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the operating performance of an agricultural tractor fitted with two types of traction device (radial and diagonal tyres) at different pressures, and operating on soil with two levels of moisture. The experiment was conducted on a dystrophic Red Yellow Argisol, with tests to evaluate the performance of the tyres under specific working conditions. Tractive power and tractive force, wheel slip and fuel consumption were evaluated. For each of the conditions under evaluation, the radial configuration showed better performance than the diagonal configuration, the effect being more significant at the lower pressure and under low soil moisture. The use of radial tyres led to an increase in traction capacity and drawbar power, with a reduction in fuel consumption, especially at higher slip rates. tractors tyre pressures moisture Argisol force evaluated evaluation rates

ABSTRACT Due to the importance of grain production, and the need to work the soil under limited moisture, the aim of this study was to develop computer software to predict the tractive capacity of wheeled tractors for two types of tyre, the effect of different inflation pressures and levels of soil moisture. A mathematical model was developed to predict the tractive capacity of a 4 x 2 AFT tractor. Software was developed and tested by comparing the computational data with those from tests of a working tractor in the field. The parameters under evaluation were drawbar force and front and rear drive wheel slip. At both moisture levels, the bias tyres had the lowest front to rear slip ratio at the lower pressure; the ratios were similar when equipped with radial tyres. The bias tyres show maximum force at a slip ratio of 1.09 at the higher pressure and 1.03 at the lower, while for the radial tyres the ratio was 1.05 at the higher pressure and 1.07 at the lower. Software was developed to process data from the model, with the results used for estimating the tractive force of the tractor. The tractive force was overestimated by the model, which needs further adjustment for direct application in the field. production tyre field 109 1 09 1.0 103 03 105 05 107 07 10 0 1.

ABSTRACT Exposing seeds to agents that elicit tolerance to abiotic stress, such as phytohormones and organic acids, during hydration and dehydration cycles can determine their response to later stimuli, e.g. exposure to salt stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of priming cycles with different eliciting agents of salt stress tolerance on seeds of the cowpea varieties Sempre Verde and Pingo de Ouro. The seeds were subjected to the following treatments: 0.0 mM NaCl (control); 100 mM NaCl (salt stress); salt stress + three seed-priming cycles (PC) in water; salt stress + PC in gibberellic acid; salt stress + PC in hydrogen peroxide; salt stress + PC in salicylic acid; salt stress + PC in ascorbic acid. The following variables were analysed: germination, growth, dry weight, salt tolerance index, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids and proline. Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) reduced germination, length and biomass accumulation in the Sempre Verde and Pingo de Ouro varieties. These showed the best response to the priming cycles with gibberellic and salicylic acids, which promoted greater germination potential, length and biomass under a salt stress of 100 mM NaCl, affording greater tolerance via osmotic regulation, especially in the Sempre Verde variety. stimuli eg e g e.g treatments 00 0 0. control (control) 10 stress) seedpriming seed (PC water acid peroxide analysed growth weight index sugars proline (10 potential regulation variety (control 1 (1 (

Abstract Standardized Work (SW) is an approach originated in the manufacturing industry, which aims to standardize and improve the efficiency of operations cycles, based on the Lean Production Philosophy. SW has the potential to support the implementation of Location-Based Planning and Control (LBPC) as it allows balancing the workload between workers or teams, contributing to the synchronization of processes. The aim of this study is to propose a method for implementing SW as an additional element of LBPC. Design Science Research was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation and an empirical study was carried out in a real estate company, in which the method for implementing SW was conceived and implemented.The following benefits were identified in the study: increase in the degree of process standardization, improvement in process synchronization, increase in the engagement of the work force with process standards, and improvement in terms of time reliability. The main contribution of this research study has been the adaptation of SW in the construction context as an additional element of LBPC. (SW industry cycles Philosophy LocationBased Location Based LBPC (LBPC teams processes company implementedThe implemented standardization standards reliability

Resumo Trabalho Padronizado (TP) é uma abordagem originária da indústria da manufatura que visa a padronizar e melhorar a eficiência dos ciclos de operações com base na Filosofia da Produção Enxuta. O TP tem o potencial de apoiar a implementação do Planejamento e Controle Baseado em Localização (LBPC), pois permite equilibrar a carga de trabalho entre os trabalhadores ou equipes, contribuindo para a sincronização de processos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um método para implementação do TP como um elemento adicional do LBPC. Design Science Research foi a abordagem metodológica utilizada, sendo conduzido um estudo empírico em uma empresa atuante no mercado imobiliário, na qual o método para implementação do TP foi concebido e implementado. Os seguintes benefícios foram identificados no estudo: aumento do grau de padronização das operações, melhoria na sincronização entre processos, aumento do engajamento da mão-de-obra com padrões de processo, e melhoria em termos de confiabilidade em relação a prazos. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa para o avanço do conhecimento foi a adaptação da abordagem do TP ao contexto da construção civil como um elemento adicional do LBPC. (TP Enxuta LBPC, LBPC , (LBPC) equipes processos utilizada imobiliário implementado mãodeobra mão obra processo prazos (LBPC

Abstract Sanitary ware waste (RLS) is proposed as an ecologically environmental alternative, replacing fine aggregates and gravel, used in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The environmental efficiency in energy life cycles and carbon dioxide emissions of SCC with different mixtures of RLS, were compared with the self-compacting concrete without RLS (CAA_REF). The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) showed that the replacement of RLS aggregates in CAA_REF, can generate an absolute reduction of approximately 45.42 MJ/m³ and 2.67 kg of CO2/m³ respectively, which corresponds to reductions of 2.2% and 0.6%. It was also verified that the use of an indicator of eco-efficiency of the environmental behavior in relation to the parameter mechanical resistance to compression, can contribute and be adequate in projects of dosages of SCC. Thus, it was observed that the use of RLS can contribute to environmental sustainability, reducing the inadequate disposal of RLS in the environment and implementing an adequate reuse. (RLS alternative gravel selfcompacting self compacting . (SCC) CAA_REF. CAAREF CAA_REF CAA REF (CAA_REF) LCA (LCA 4542 45 42 45.4 MJm³ MJm MJ m³ m MJ/m 267 2 67 2.6 CO2m³ COm CO2 CO CO2/m respectively 22 2.2 06 0 6 0.6% ecoefficiency eco compression Thus sustainability reuse (SCC (CAA_REF 454 4 45. 26 2. CO2m 0.6 0.

Resumo O resíduo de louça sanitária (RLS) é alvitrado como uma alternativa ecologicamente ambiental, em substituição aos agregados finos e pedriscos, empregados na produção de concretos autoadensáveis (CAA). A eficiência ambiental nos ciclos de vida energético e das emissões de dióxido de carbono de CAA com diferentes misturas de RLS, foram comparadas com o concreto autoadensável sem RLS (CAA_REF). A Análise do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) evidenciou que a substituição de agregados de RLS em CAA_REF, pode gerar uma redução absoluta de aproximadamente 34,70 MJ/m³ e 2,07 kg de CO2/m³, respectivamente, o que corresponde a reduções de 1,5% e 0,5%. Verificou-se ainda que o uso de um indicador de ecoeficiência do comportamento ambiental em relação ao parâmetro resistência mecânica à compressão, pode contribuir e ser adequado em projetos de dosagens de CAA. Assim, observou-se que o uso de RLS, pode colaborar para a sustentabilidade ambiental, reduzindo a disposição inadequada dos RLS no meio ambiente e implementado um reuso adequado. (RLS pedriscos . (CAA) CAA_REF. CAAREF CAA_REF REF (CAA_REF) ACV (ACV 3470 34 70 34,7 MJm³ MJm MJ m³ m MJ/m 207 2 07 2,0 CO2m³ COm CO2 CO CO2/m³ respectivamente 15 1 5 1,5 05 0 0,5% Verificouse Verificou se compressão Assim observouse observou (CAA (CAA_REF 347 3 7 34, 20 2, CO2m CO2/m 1, 0,5 0,

Resumen (Objetivo) El razonamiento proporcional es un tipo de corriente compleja que implica reconocer comparaciones como la covariación entre magnitudes y comparaciones múltiples. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el razonamiento proporcional de alumnos de telesecundaria unitaria utilizando los niveles propuestos por Karplus (1983) a partir de un micromundo como GeoGebra. En el micromundo, el estudiantado puede explorar y construir significados sobre los objetos matemáticos. (Metodología) Se diseñaron cuatro actividades en GeoGebra, las cuales fueron aplicadas a 18 estudiantes de una telesecundaria unitaria (modalidad educativa en México). (Resultados) Se identificó que los participantes están en niveles iniciales, que responden a estructuras aditivas, cualitativas o erróneas para justificar sus procedimientos. Los niveles más complejos de razonamiento proporcional relacionados con el uso de razones y constantes de proporcionalidad se obtuvieron cuando el estudiantado interactuaba con sus pares y con el micromundo. Los niveles de razonamiento no son mutuamente excluyentes, debido a que el alumnado puede razonar de diferente manera según la situación y las posibilidades del software. (Conclusiones) El uso de micromundos en la exploración del razonamiento proporcional posibilita acciones que no pueden llevarse a cabo en “lápiz y papel”, lo cual brinda la oportunidad de interactuar con construcciones en movimiento, además genera interacciones de reforzamiento o construcción de saberes desarrollados en conjunto.

Resumo (Objetivo) O raciocínio proporcional é um tipo de flu xo complexo que envolve o reconhecimento de comparações, como a covariação entre magnitudese comparações múltiplas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o raciocínio proporcional de alunos de escolas unitárias do ensino médio à distância usando os níveis propostos por Karplus (1983) a partir de um micromundo como o GeoGebra. No micromundo, os alunos podem explorar e construir significados sobre objetos matemáticos. (Metodologia) Quatro atividades do GeoGebra foram elaboradas e aplicadas a 18 alunos em uma escola unitária do ensino médio à distância (modalidade educacional no México). (Resultados) Identificou-se que os participantes estão em níveis iniciais, respondendo a estruturas aditivas, qualitativas ou errôneas para justificar seus procedimentos. Os níveis mais complexos de raciocínio proporcional relacionados ao uso de razões e constantes de proporcionalidade foram obtidos quando os alunos interagiram com seus colegas e com o micromundo. Os níveis de raciocínio não são mutuamente exclusivos, pois os alunos podem raciocinar de forma diferente, dependendo da situação edas possibilidades do software. (Conclusões) O uso de micromundos na exploração do raciocínio proporcional possibilita ações que não podem ser realizadas com “lápis e papel”, o que oferece a oportunidade de interagir com construções em movimento e tambémgera interações de reforço ou construção de sabe res desenvolvidos em conjunto.

Abstract (Objective) Proportional reasoning is a type of complex thinking that involves recognizing comparisons such as the covariation between magnitudes and multiple comparisons. The aim of this study was to analyze proportional reasoning of students from unitary telesecondary education using the levels proposed by Karplus (1983) through a microworld like GeoGebra. In the microworld, students can explore and construct meanings about mathematical objects. (Methodology) Four activities were designed in GeoGebra, which were administered to 18 students from a unitary tele-secondary school, an educational modality in Mexico. (Results) It was found that participants are at initial levels that correspond to additive, qualitative, or erroneous structures to justify their procedures. The more complex levels of proportional reasoning, related to the use of ratios and constants of proportionality, were achieved when students interacted with each other and with the microworld. The reasoning levels are not mutually exclusive, as students can reason differently depending on the situation and the software’s capabilities. (Conclusions) The use of microworlds in exploring proportional reasoning enables actions that cannot be carried out with pencil and paper, providing opportunities to interact with moving constructions. Additionally, it fosters interactions that reinforce or build collective knowledge.

Resumen La incorporación de nuevas tecnologías, como ultrasonido, J-Plasma (plasma de helio) y el Microaire (vibroliposucción), ha facilitado los procedimientos de lipoescultura consiguiendo una mayor satisfacción del paciente. Los beneficios de estas tecnologías se acompañan de bajas complicaciones reportadas; el presente caso constituye la cuarta descripción de neumomediastino secundario a la utilización de Renuvion® (J-Plasma) posterior a la extracción de grasa en brazos y muslos por medio de liposucción; esta infrecuente complicación se debe considerar diagnóstico diferencial en el estudio de presentación clínica de disnea y enfisema subcutáneo durante el posoperatorio.

Abstract The incorporation of new technologies such as ultrasound, J-Plasma (helium plasma) and MicroAire (power assited liposuction) has facilitated liposculpture procedures, resulting in greater patient satisfaction. The benefits of these technologies are accompanied by low reported complications; this case is the fourth description of pneumomediastinum secondary to the use of Renuvion® (J-Plasma) after liposuction for fat removal in the arms and thighs. This rare complication should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis during the study of clinical dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema in the postoperative period.

Abstract In the area of business management, a set of tools are harmonized in terms of the integral management of the economic, social and environmental dimensions that support Corporate Social Responsibility and allow for an evaluation of the company in terms of the fulfillment of its objectives in an integral manner. As part of the process of updating the Cuban economic and social development model, this topic acquires special importance due to its impact on local development with emphasis on the social and environmental aspects. The objective of this research is to design a procedure for the management of social responsibility in the Minas Tobacco Collection and Processing Company, Pinar del Río, valid for other similar companies. The dialectical-materialist method was used, which according to its contributions allowed discovering the dialectic of the development of the process to be studied. Empirical methods were used to obtain primary and secondary information. Surveys and interviews were conducted with workers and managers of the company, their families and other local actors. A diagnosis was made of the current state of the social responsibility management process in the company, where a series of limitations were found, which refer as a central element to the lack of a methodological tool oriented to improve the decision-making scheme, linked to the social actions of the entity. The main subsystems of the corporate social responsibility program are presented, as well as the social actions that have been implemented as part of the municipal development strategy.

Resumo No campo da gestão empresarial, um conjunto de ferramentas é harmonizado em termos de gestão integrada das dimensões econômica, social e ambiental que formam a base da Responsabilidade Social Corporativa e permitem uma avaliação da empresa em termos do cumprimento de seus objetivos de forma integrada. Como parte do processo de atualização do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico e social de Cuba, essa questão assume especial importância devido ao seu impacto no desenvolvimento local, com ênfase nas esferas social e ambiental. O objetivo desta pesquisa é elaborar um procedimento para a gestão da responsabilidade social na Empresa de Coleta e Processamento de Tabaco de Minas, Pinar del Río, que seja válido para outras empresas semelhantes. Foi utilizado o método dialético-materialista, que, de acordo com suas contribuições, permitiu descobrir a dialética do desenvolvimento do processo a ser estudado. Foram usados métodos empíricos para obter informações primárias e secundárias. Foram realizadas pesquisas e entrevistas com trabalhadores e gerentes da empresa, suas famílias e outros atores locais. Foi feito um diagnóstico do estado atual do processo de gestão da responsabilidade social da empresa, no qual foi identificada uma série de limitações, cujo elemento central foi a falta de uma ferramenta metodológica destinada a aprimorar o processo de tomada de decisões vinculado às ações sociais da empresa. São apresentados os principais subsistemas do programa de responsabilidade social corporativa, bem como as ações sociais que foram implementadas como parte da estratégia de desenvolvimento municipal.

Resumen En el ámbito de la gestión empresarial, se armonizan un conjunto de herramientas en función de la gestión integral de las dimensiones económica, social y ambiental que fundamentan la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y permiten realizar una evaluación de la empresa en función del cumplimiento de sus objetivos integralmente. Como parte del proceso de actualización de su modelo de desarrollo económico y social cubano, este tema adquiere una especial importancia por su impacto en el desarrollo local con énfasis en el ámbito social y ambiental. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar un procedimiento para la gestión de la responsabilidad social en la Empresa de Acopio y Beneficio del Tabaco Minas, Pinar del Río, válido para otras empresas similares. Se utilizó el método dialéctico-materialista que de acuerdo con sus aportes permitió descubrir la dialéctica del desarrollo del proceso a estudiar. Los métodos empíricos se emplearon para obtener información primaria y secundaria. Se realizaron encuestas y entrevistas a trabajadores y directivos de la empresa, sus familiares y a otros actores locales. Se realizó un diagnóstico del estado actual del proceso de gestión de la responsabilidad social en la empresa, donde se pudo constatar una serie de limitaciones que refieren como elemento central la carencia de una herramienta metodológica orientada a perfeccionar el esquema de toma de decisiones, vinculado al accionar social de la entidad. Se exponen los principales subsistemas del programa de responsabilidad social empresarial, así como las acciones sociales que se han implementado como parte de la estrategia de desarrollo municipal.

RESUMEN: El músculo estriado es un tejido organizado que utiliza la energía química para realizar trabajo físico, el cual se genera a partir de la contracción muscular. Un tono muscular adecuado es necesario para el movimiento eficiente y la realización de actividad básica del cuerpo humano. Las alteraciones del tono muscular en la práctica clínica se clasifican como hipertonía, que es el aumento del tono en los músculos esqueléticos y/o lisos, e hipotonía o flacidez, que es la disminución del tono del músculo esquelético. Los términos hipotonía y flacidez son ampliamente utilizados por los clínicos en la rehabilitación y ambos hacen referencia a una disminución del tono muscular. Este estudio analizó y evaluó el origen etimológico de los términos Hipotonía y Flacidez y la implicancia de sus definiciones. Para determinar el origen etimológico se realizó una búsqueda de los términos en el Diccionario médico-biológico, histórico y etimológico y Diccionario Latino-Español Español-Latino. Para determinar la definición en español se utilizó el Diccionario de Términos Médicos de La Real Academia de Medicina de España; el Diccionario de la Lengua española; el Diccionario Panhispánico de Términos Médicos; la Biblioteca Nacional Médica y la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud de Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe. Para determinar el uso de estos términos en el ámbito clínico, se realizó una búsqueda en artículos científicos del ámbito neurológico según el criterio de los autores. Por consiguiente, el término más adecuado para referirse a una disminución de tono muscular en rehabilitación sería Hipotonía, de esta manera y según el origen de la lesión, se pueden utilizar los términos Hipotonía central e Hipotonía periférica, si es que están afectadas estructuras asociadas al sistema nervioso central o periférico, respectivamente. Se sugiere que estos términos sean considerados tanto en la práctica clínica como en la docencia cuando existan alteraciones en el sistema nervioso central o periférico que tengan como consecuencia un bajo tono muscular.

SUMMARY: Striated muscle is an organized tissue that utilizes chemical energy to perform physical work, generated through muscle contraction. Proper muscle tone is essential for efficient movement and basic bodily functions. Clinical practice categorizes muscle tone alterations as hypertonia, an increase in tone in skeletal and/or smooth muscles, and hypotonia or flaccidity, a decrease in skeletal muscle tone. These terms are widely used in rehabilitation to denote decreased muscle tone. This study examined the etymological origins of the terms Hypotonia and Flaccidity and their respective definitions. Etymological research utilized the Diccionario Médico- biológico, histórico y etimológico and Diccionario Latino-Español Español-Latino. Spanish definitions were sourced in Diccionario de Términos Médicos de La Real Academia de Medicina de España; Diccionario de la Lengua española; Diccionario Panhispánico de Términos Médicos; Biblioteca Nacional Médica and Biblioteca Virtual de Salud de Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe. The clinical use of these terms was assessed through neurology articles per authors' criteria. Consequently, Hypotonia is deemed the more suitable term for describing decreased muscle tone in rehabilitation contexts. Depending on the lesion's origin, terms like Central Hypotonia and Peripheral Hypotonia may be used when structures associated with the central or peripheral nervous systems are affected, respectively. It is suggested that these terms be adopted in clinical practice and teaching when addressing alterations in central or peripheral nervous systems resulting in reduced muscle tone.

RESUMEN: El lenguaje científico, en el ámbito de la anatomía y ciencias de la salud, se sustenta en una terminología que ha estado abierta a discusiones y modificaciones. En Terminologia Anatomica, el término ‘Lengua’ proviene del latín Lingua. Sin embargo, también existen términos que derivan del lexema griego glossa y glotta, que también significa lengua. Lo que establece hiperonimia y sinonimia entre estructuras anatómicas relacionadas con este órgano músculo-sensorial. El objetivo fue analizar la presencia de los lexemas ‘glossa’ - ‘glotta’ en Terminologia Anatomica y revisar las definiciones de términos que incluyan estos lexemas utilizando el Diccionario Manual Griego-Español VOX y Vocabulario Básico de Griego con anotaciones morfológicas y etimológicas. Para la etimología en español se utilizaron el Diccionario panhispánico de términos médicos y Diccionario médico-biológico, histórico y etimológico. También se determinó la primera vez que se ocuparon en español, utilizando Corpus Diacrónico del Español. Los lexemas estudiados aparecen citados 15 veces en Terminologia Anatomica. Estos se definen como ‘lengua, boca; habla, don de la palabra; expresión, manifestación, palabras; habla, lengua, lenguaje, idioma’. También se encuentran algunos términos derivados como Ductus thyroglossalis, epiglottis, glottis, ligamentum thyroepiglotticum y Vallecula epiglottica. Por lo que estos lexemas se consideran sinónimos. El lexema glossa se utilizó por primera vez en el ámbito médico el año 1870. Los lexemas glossa y glotta son frecuentes en Terminologia Anatomica, generando preguntas sobre el uso del doble sigma en griego jónico y doble tau en griego ático clásico. Aunque son sinónimos, su abundancia destaca la importancia del dominio del lenguaje anatómico para la comunicación efectiva y la comprensión precisa entre estudiantes, profesionales e investigadores.

SUMMARY: The scientific language in the field of anatomy and health sciences relies on a terminology that has been open to discussions and modifications. In Terminologia Anatomica, the term lengua comes from the Latin Lingua. However, there are also terms derived from the Greek lexemes glossa and glotta, both meaning ‘tongue.’ This establishes hyperonymy and synonymy among anatomical structures related to this sensory-muscular organ. The objective was to analyze the presence of the lexemes glossa - glotta in Terminologia Anatomica and review the definitions of terms containing these lexemes using the Diccionario Manual Griego-Español VOX and the Vocabulario Básico de Griego con anotaciones morfológicas y etimológicas. For Spanish etymology, the Diccionario panhispánico de términos médicos and the Diccio- nario Médico-Biológico, Histórico y Etimológico were used. The first use in Spanish was determined using the Corpus Diacrónico del Español. The studied lexemes were cited 15 times in Terminologia Anatomica, defined as ‘tongue, mouth; speech, gift of speech; expression, manifestation, words; speech, tongue, language, idioma.’ Some derived terms are also found, such as Ductus thyroglossalis, Epiglottis, Glottis, Ligamentum thyroepiglotticum, and Vallecula epiglottica. Therefore, these lexemes are considered synonymous. The lexeme glossa was first used in the medical field in 1870. The lexemes glossa and glotta are frequent in Terminologia Anatomica, raising questions about the use of double sigma in Ionic Greek and double tau in classical Attic Greek. Although synonymous, their abundance emphasizes the importance of mastering anatomical language for effective communication and precise understanding among students, professionals, and researchers.

Abstract Introduction. The perioperative management of hepatobiliary emergencies by the general surgeon is an expected competence and is considered a challenge due to its relative frequency, impact on the individual health and the economy, as well as the implications for reliable and high-quality clinical practice. The formal aspects of education in hepatobiliary surgery for the general surgeon in Colombia are unknown. The objective of the present study was to explore the perspective of hepatobiliary surgeons on this problem. Methods. A qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 14 Colombian hepatobiliary surgery specialists, where the challenges of training, time and characteristics of the rotation, evaluation of reliability, number of procedures and role of simulation. A thematic analysis of the information was carried out. Results. The experts mentioned the importance of mandatory rotation for hepatobiliary surgery for surgeons in training. The ideal duration was three months, during the last year of residency, in specialized centers with active exposure and under supervision. Conclusions. Due to the epidemiological characteristics of the country and the frequency of hepatobiliary diseases that require surgical treatment, it is necessary for the general surgeon to have solid training in this field during residency. The present study reports on the ideal characteristics of training in this field from the perspective of Colombian experts.

Resumen Introducción. El manejo perioperatorio de las urgencias hepatobiliares por parte del cirujano general es una competencia esperada y se considera un reto por su relativa frecuencia, impacto en la salud del individuo y la economía, así como las implicaciones en el ejercicio clínico confiable y de alta calidad. Se desconocen los aspectos formales de la educación en cirugía hepatobiliar para el cirujano general en Colombia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la perspectiva de los cirujanos hepatobiliares sobre esta problemática. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con 14 especialistas en cirugía hepatobiliar colombianos, en donde se exploraron los desafíos del entrenamiento, el tiempo y las características de una rotación, la evaluación de la confiabilidad, el número de procedimientos y el rol de la simulación. Se hizo un análisis temático de la información. Resultados. Los expertos mencionaron la importancia de la rotación obligatoria por cirugía hepatobiliar para los cirujanos en formación. El tiempo ideal es de tres meses, en el último año de residencia, en centros especializados, con exposición activa y bajo supervisión. Conclusiones. Por las características epidemiológicas del país y la frecuencia de enfermedades hepatobiliares que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico, es necesario que el cirujano general cuente con una formación sólida en este campo durante la residencia. El presente estudio informa sobre las características ideales del entrenamiento en este campo desde la visión de los expertos colombianos.

ABSTRACT Linked to the Spanish Golden Age, to the Hispanic tradition and the America’s colonization, baroque was a solid conceptual category to analyze artistic and literary practices by the end of the 20th Century. More recently, Carlos Gamerro tries to create a distinction between a baroque writing and what he calls “baroque fictions”: the former responds to some characteristics on the phrasal level, and the latter refers to narrative structures. However, this link between fictional and referential levels, the construction of mirrored levels, and the tensions between sing and reference or art and life are features related to another conceptual category well known in the 80’s and 90’s and that seems to have entered today into the literary theory vocabulary: metafiction. It is a concept related to modern literature and procedures that exhibit or reveal the artificial nature of literary fictions, to question what we consider real or fictive. This article explores how is the tension between these two categories, how relevant they are today in literary studies and what critical distance can we stablish in front of them in our contemporary literary and critical context.

RESUMEN Ligado al Siglo de Oro, a la tradición hispánica y a la colonización de América, el barroco operó como una categoría conceptual robusta para analizar prácticas artísticas y literarias a finales del siglo XX. De manera más reciente, Carlos Gamerro busca crear una distinción entre una escritura barroca y lo que llama “ficciones barrocas”: la primera responde a esos rasgos en las frases, mientras que la segunda lo hace a estructuras narrativas. Sin embargo, esa relación entre planos ficcionales y referenciales, la construcción de planos especulares, las tensiones entre signo y referente o arte y vida son características atribuidas a otra categoría conceptual que ganó fama en los años 80 y 90 y que hoy parece ya haber entrado al vocabulario teórico literario: la metaficción. Se trata de un concepto ligado a la literatura moderna y a procedimientos que exacerban y develan el carácter artificial de las ficciones literarias, para poner en cuestión también lo que se considera real o ficticio. Este artículo busca explorar cómo se da la tensión entre estas dos categorías, cuál es la vigencia o relevancia de mantenerlas para los estudios literarios hoy y qué distancia crítica podemos tomar de ambas en un panorama literario y crítico contemporáneo.

Abstract: Energy management in the tourism sector is essential to promote sustainable and efficient practices to reduce operating costs, mitigate environmental impact and improve the competitiveness of tourism enterprises. Despite the importance of this topic, there is a lack of bibliometric studies on energy management in the tourism sector. Therefore, the aim of this research is to map the scientific production related to this topic. To carry out this study, the bibliometric method was employed using the R package Bibliometrix to analyse indicators of productivity, impact and collaboration, extracted from the SCOPUS database. As results, a total of 201 articles published between 1977 and 2024 were identified, highlighting authors such as Acosta A, Burnett J and Park S for their prolific production and significant contributions to the field. Topics such as "Energy Management", "Energy Efficiency", "Energy Consumption" and "Sustainability" emerge as relevant and trending research topics. Furthermore, guidelines are proposed to improve energy efficiency in the tourism sector, such as the implementation of renewable energies and alternative sources such as solar, wind and biomass, as well as the adoption of intelligent energy management systems. It is concluded that future lines of research should be directed towards the use of deep learning algorithms for autonomous energy management systems in microgrids, as well as the development of systems based on the ISO 50001 standard.

Resumen: La gestión energética en el sector turístico es esencial para fomentar prácticas sostenibles y eficientes que permitan reducir costos operativos, mitigar el impacto ambiental y mejorar la competitividad de las empresas turísticas. A pesar de la importancia de este tema, se observa una carencia de estudios bibliométricos sobre la gestión de la energía en el sector turístico. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es realizar un mapeo de la producción científica relacionada con esta temática. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se empleó el método bibliométrico utilizando el paquete de R Bibliometrix para analizar indicadores de productividad, impacto y colaboración, extraídos de la base de datos SCOPUS. Como resultados se identificaron un total de 201 artículos publicados entre 1977 y 2024, destacando autores como Acosta A, Burnett J y Park S por su prolífica producción y contribuciones significativas al campo. Temas como "Energy Management", "Energy Efficiency", "Energy Consumption" y "Sustainability" emergen como relevantes y en tendencia en las investigaciones. Además, se proponen directrices para mejorar la eficiencia energética en el sector turístico, como la implementación de energías renovables y fuentes alternativas como la solar, eólica y biomasa, así como la adopción de sistemas inteligentes de gestión de energía. Se concluyes que las futuras líneas de investigación deben estar dirigidas hacia el uso de algoritmos de aprendizaje profundo para sistemas autónomos de gestión de energía en microrredes, así como en el desarrollo de sistemas basados en la norma ISO 50001.

Abstract: Burkitt lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma with a high prevalence in the pediatric population. Abdominal manifestations are well known in sporadic Burkitt lymphoma and vary from nonspecific symptoms to intestinal obstruction due to intussusception; however, mass-like splenic involvement has been scarcely described. Objective: To present a case of a patient with a splenic mass whose histopathological analysis revealed Burkitt lymphoma. Clinical Case: A 13-year-old female patient presented with abdominal pain, progressive weight loss, and fever. Imaging studies showed a splenic mass, intestinal thickening, and ileal intussusception. Histopathological analysis of spleen biopsy revealed Burkitt lymphoma. After the first cycle of chemotherapy (BFM95-NHL protocol), abdominal symptoms resolved; no other signs suggestive of intussusception were observed, as well as a significant reduction of the splenic mass was observed. Conclusions: Burkitt lymphoma in pediatric patients can present as a well-defined splenic tumor, causing no splenomegaly. In addition, its management does not require surgery since it can be resolved with chemotherapy.

Resumen: El linfoma de Burkitt es una neoplasia linfoide no Hodgkin de células B con una alta prevalencia en la población pediátrica. Las manifestaciones abdominales son muy conocidas en el linfoma de Burkitt esporádico y pueden ir desde síntomas inespecíficos hasta obstrucción intestinal debido a intususcepción; sin embargo, el compromiso esplénico en la forma de una masa ha sido poco reportado. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de una paciente con masa esplénica cuyo resultado histopatológico reveló linfoma de Burkitt. Caso Clínico: Paciente mujer de 13 años que presenta dolor abdominal, pérdida de peso progresiva y fiebre. El estudio de imagen mostró una masa esplénica, engrosamiento intestinal e intususcepción ileal. Se realizó una biopsia del bazo, cuyo análisis histopatológico reveló la presencia de un linfoma de Burkitt. Los síntomas abdominales de la paciente se resolvieron, no se observaron otros signos de intususcepción y se evidenció una reducción marcada de la masa esplénica después del primer ciclo de quimioterapia basada en el protocolo institucional (BFM95-NHL). Conclusiones: El linfoma de Burkitt en pacientes pediátricos se puede presentar en forma de un tumor esplénico bien delimitado, sin generar esplenomegalia. Además, para su manejo no requiere cirugía, ya que puede resolverse con quimioterapia.

Abstract: Perioperative myocardial ischemia can occur during surgery in high-risk patients, which could increase postoperative morbidity and mortality. The heart can tolerate the effects of acute ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury if several short cycles of I/R are applied prior to sustained myocardial ischemia. This strategy is used before (ischemic preconditioning) or after (ischemic postconditioning) sustained lethal ischemia. In pharmacological conditioning, drugs are used to obtain cardioprotective effects like ischemic preconditioning. Opioids have been used in pharmacological conditioning. Remifentanyl is the most extensively studied opioid in cardioprotection. Previous studies show that remifentanyl protects against I/R damage by applying it pre, trans and post-reperfusion in experimental studies and in clinical practice. In this work we studied the postconditioning induced with remifentanyl in the Langendorff model of isolated and perfused rat heart. This model reproduces myocardial ischemia in the heart isolated from an anesthetized animal. The variables recorded were left intraventricular pressure (LVP), heart rate (HR), and heart contractile activity expressed as cardiac work (TC = LVP × HR). Ischemia occurred when the perfusion was stopped for 30 minutes. Later, reperfusion was restored for two hours, observing the response of the isolated heart under the different conditions. In control hearts with I/R, the TC decreased by 40%. On the other hand, remifentanyl recovered the basal levels of TC control without I/R. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of remifentanyl postconditioning in daily clinical practice.

Resumen: La isquemia miocárdica perioperatoria es un evento observado durante la cirugía en pacientes de alto riesgo y aumenta significativamente la morbimortalidad postoperatoria. El corazón puede tolerar los efectos de la lesión aguda por la isquemia-reperfusión (I/R) si se aplican varios ciclos cortos de I/R previos a la isquemia miocárdica sostenida. Esta estrategia cardioprotectora puede ser usada previamente (preacondicionamiento isquémico) o posteriormente (postacondicionamiento isquémico) al período de isquemia sostenida letal. El condicionamiento farmacológico consiste en el uso de fármacos para obtener efectos cardioprotectores similares al condicionamiento isquémico. Los opioides se han utilizado en el condicionamiento farmacológico, en particular el remifentanil es el más extensamente estudiado en la cardioprotección. Estudios previos demuestran que protege contra el daño por la I/R aplicándolo pre, trans y postreperfusión tanto en estudios experimentales como en la práctica clínica. En este trabajo se estudia el postacondicionamiento inducido con remifentanil en el modelo de Langendorff de corazón aislado y perfundido de rata. Este modelo permite reproducir la isquemia miocárdica en el corazón aislado de un animal anestesiado. Las variables registradas fueron: presión intraventricular izquierda (PVI), frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y actividad contráctil del corazón expresada como el trabajo cardíaco (TC = PVI × FC). La isquemia se produjo al suspender la perfusión de la solución Krebs-Henseleit durante 30 minutos, posteriormente se estableció la reperfusión durante dos horas, observándose la respuesta del corazón aislado en las diferentes condiciones. En los corazones control con I/R, el TC disminuyó un 40%. Por otro lado, el remifentanil recuperó los niveles basales de TC del control sin I/R, demostrando su efecto cardioprotector.