Resumen En la literatura se ha aportado evidencia que establece que el cumplimiento de las regulaciones medioambientales propicia la adopción e implementación de actividades de eco-innovación en las empresas manufactureras, ya que a través de este tipo de actividades no sólo se reducen los costos asociados a las descargas de contaminantes, sino también se incrementa el nivel del rendimiento sustentable de las empresas. Sin embargo, poco se sabe de la relación existente entre las regulaciones medioambientales, la eco-innovación y el rendimiento sustentable, ya que son pocos los estudios publicados en la literatura que se han orientado en su análisis, por lo cual este estudio tiene como objetivo llenar este vacío existente, y generar nuevo conocimiento de la relación entre estos tres constructos a través de una extensa revisión de la literatura. Asimismo, se distribuyó un cuestionario a una muestra de 460 empresas manufactureras de México, analizando los datos mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio y los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales basados en la covarianza. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las regulaciones medioambientales tienen efectos positivos en la eco-innovación, y la eco-innovación tiene efectos positivos en el rendimiento sustentable de las empresas manufactureras de la industria automotriz. Bajo este contexto, los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que el cumplimiento de las regulaciones medioambientales establecidas por la administración pública, por parte de las empresas manufactureras de la industria automotriz, mejoran tanto las actividades de eco-innovación como el rendimiento sustentable de las organizaciones.

Abstract In the literature, evidence has been provided that establishes that compliance with environmental regulations promotes the adoption and implementation of eco-innovation activities in manufacturing firms, since through this type of activities not only are the costs associated with the discharges of pollutants, but also increases the level of sustainable performance of companies. However, little is known about the relationship between environmental regulations, eco-innovation, and sustainable performance, since there are few studies published in the literature that have focused on their analysis, so this study aims to fill this existing gap, and generate new knowledge of the relationship between these three constructs through an extensive review of the literature. Likewise, a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 460 manufacturing firms in Mexico, analyzing the data through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models based on covariance. The results obtained suggest that environmental regulations have positive effects on eco-innovation, and eco-innovation has positive effects on sustainable performance of manufacturing firms in the automotive industry. In this context, the results obtained allowed us to conclude that compliance with environmental regulations established by the public administration, by manufacturing firms in the automotive industry, improve both eco-innovation activities and sustainable performance of organizations.

Abstract Lean practices are considered in the literature as a work philosophy that allows organizations to identify and eliminate those activities that do not generate value, commonly called waste, which have an impact not only on production processes, but also on supply chain, and in the level of business performance. However, there are relatively few studies published in the literature that have analyzed and discussed the relationship and consequences of the application of Lean practices and their effects on Lean supply chain, and business performance. Therefore, the essential objective of this study is to fill the existing gap in the current literature and empirically test the positive association between Lean practices, Lean supply chain, and business performance, for which a survey was distributed to a sample of 460 manufacturing companies of the automotive industry in Mexico, and the proposed research model was validated using PLS-SEM. The results obtained suggest that Lean practices have a positive impact on business performance and Lean supply chain, just as Lean supply chain also have a positive impact on business performance.

Resumen Las prácticas Lean se consideran en la literatura como una filosofía de trabajo que les permite a las organizaciones identificar y eliminar aquellas actividades que no generan valor, a menudo llamadas residuos, las cuales tienen un impacto no solo en los procesos productivos, sino también en la cadena de suministro, en las actividades de logística y en el nivel del rendimiento empresarial. Sin embargo, son relativamente pocos los estudios publicados en la literatura que han analizado y discutido la relación y consecuencias de la aplicación de las prácticas Lean y sus efectos en la cadena de suministro Lean y el rendimiento empresarial. Por ello, el objetivo esencial de este estudio es llenar el vacío que existe en la actual literatura y probar empíricamente la asociación positiva entre las prácticas Lean, la cadena de suministro Lean y el rendimiento empresarial. Para este propósito, se distribuyó una encuesta a una muestra de 460 empresas manufactureras de la industria automotriz de México, y se validó el modelo de investigación propuesto por medio del uso del PLS-SEM. Los resultados sugieren que las prácticas Lean tienen un impacto positivo tanto en el rendimiento empresarial como en el de la cadena de suministro Lean, al igual que la cadena de suministro Lean también tiene un efecto positivo en el rendimiento empresarial.

Abstract Background: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, patients with chronic kidney disease vulnerable to suffering more severe COVID-19 disease and worse outcomes have been identified Objectives: Our study's aim was to determine the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients of hemodialysis (HD) units in Mexico and to describe the availability of confirmatory testing Methods: This study was multicentric study of 19 HD units, conducted between March 2020 and March 2021 Results: From a total of 5779 patients, 955 (16.5%) cases of suspicious COVID-19 were detected; a SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test was done in only 50.6% of patients. Forty-five percentages were hospitalized and 6% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). There was no significant difference in mortality between confirmed (131/483) and suspicious (124/472) cases (p = 0.74). The percentage of patients in need of hospitalization, IMV, and deceased was greater than in the rest of the study population Conclusions: The study revealed that 49.4% of the cases were not confirmed, a worrisome observation given that this is a highly vulnerable population (higher probability of contagion and worse outcomes), in which 100% of patients should have a confirmatory test

Abstract Background: A high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in critical care units and those undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The introduction of dexamethasone (DXM) as treatment for severe COVID-19 has improved mortality, but its effects in other organs remain under study. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between DXM and AKI in COVID-19. Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, we evaluated the incidence of AKI in critically ill COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, and the association of DXM treatment with the incidence, severity, and outcomes of AKI. The association between DXM treatment and AKI was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. The association of the combination of DXM treatment and AKI on mortality was evaluated by Cox-regression analysis. Results: We included 552 patients. AKI was diagnosed in 311 (56%), of which 196 (63%) corresponded to severe (stage 2 or 3) AKI, and 46 (14.8%) received kidney replacement therapy. Two hundred and sixty-seven (48%) patients were treated with DXM. This treatment was associated to lower incidence of AKI (Odds Radio 0.34, 95% Confidence intervals [CI] 0.22-0.52, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, body mass index, laboratory parameters, SOFA score, and vasopressor use. DXM treatment significantly reduced mortality in patients with severe AKI (HR 0.63, 95%CI 0.41-0.96, p = 0.032). Conclusions: The incidence of AKI is high in COVID-19 patients under IMV. DXM treatment is associated with a lower incidence of AKI and a lower mortality in the group with severe AKI.

ABSTRACT Nitrate pollution poses a significant challenge to both the environment and human health. This study focuses on exploring the electrochemical reduction of nitrate (ERN) has been studied using new cathodes based on Cu-Ag nanoparticles coated onto titanium (Cu-Ag /Ti). The nanoparticles were synthesized by galvanic displacement technique. These were characterized by DLS, UV-Vis analysis. For its use as a cathode, pretreated titanium plates were coated with Cu-Ag nanoparticles. These cathodes were characterized by FE-SEM, EDS analysis and electrochemical measurements. The FE-SEM imagery revealed spherical shapes with an averages size of ≤ 100nm, displaying signs of stability even after 40 hours of reaction. The EDS analysis indicated an atomic composition ratio of 6/1 (Cu/Ag). Electrochemical characterization demonstrated superior electrocatalysis in the proposed cathode evaluated in solution of 100mg L-1 NO3-N + 0,03 M Na2SO4 as a supporting electrolyte, IrOx/Ti as counter electrode and Ag/AgCl (3 M) as reference electrode. By chronopotentiometry was compared Ti, Cu/Ti, Cu-Ag /Ti (N1 y N2) with a current density 20 mA cm-2 over 5 hours of reaction to. REN 1-cell reactor with 40 mA cm-2 by Ti, Cu-Ag /Ti (N1 y N2) cathodes for 3,5 hours was 22, 62, 28, 28, 38, 58 and 47, 61 reduced %NO3-N respectively.

RESUMEN La contaminación por nitrato constituye una seria problemática medioambiental y de salud humana. En este estudio, se investigó la Reducción Electroquímica de Nitrato (REN) mediante el desarrollo de nuevos cátodos basados en nanopartículas de Cu-Ag recubiertas sobre Titanio (Cu-Ag /Ti). Las nanopartículas se sintetizaron utilizando la técnica de desplazamiento galvánico y se caracterizaron mediante espectroscopía UV- Vis y dispersión de luz dinámica (DLS). La preparación del cátodo consistió en recubrir con las nanopartículas una placa de titanio pretratado y se caracterizó mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido de emisión de campo (FE-SEM), espectroscopía de energía dispersiva (EDS) y medidas electroquímicas. Las imágenes FE-SEM mostraron partículas esféricas de tamaño menores ≤ 100 nm, con indicios de estabilidad después de 40 horas de reacción. La composición atómica determinada por EDS fue de 6/1 (Cu/Ag). La caracterización electroquímica mostró una mayor electrocatálisis en el cátodo propuesto evaluado en solución de 100 mg L-1 NO3-N + 0,03 M Na2SO4, contraelectrodo IrOx/Ti, electrodo de referencia Ag/AgCl (3 M). Mediante cronopotenciometría con densidad de corriente 20 mA cm-2 durante 5 horas, se compararon los cátodos: placa de Titanio (Ti), nanopartículas de Cu sobre Titanio (Cu/Ti) y Cu-Ag /Ti-N2. La REN evaluada con Ti, Cu/Ti, Cu-Ag /Ti (N1 y N2) a 40 mA cm-2, reactor de 1-celda de 50 mL por 3,5 horas se obtuvo una reducción de %NO3-N en 22,62, 28,28, 38,58 y 47,61% respectivamente.

Resumen Introducción: las bebidas energéticas han ganado protagonismo en diferentes grupos poblacionales. Objetivo: el objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar el efecto de la ingesta de una bebida energética rica en miel (BeeBad EnegyDrink®, Parodi Group, Italia) y una bebida energética popular con azúcares libres sobre la insulina, la glucemia, las proteínas totales y los triglicéridos. Material y métodos: quince estudiantes varones participaron en el estudio (20,85 ± 2,67 años). Se realizaron dos evaluaciones separadas en tres días. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas antes de ingerir la bebida energética en estado de ayuno, 30 minutos, 60 minutos y 120 minutos después de ingerir las bebidas energéticas. El primer día, los participantes ingirieron la bebida energética rica en miel (BeeBad EnegyDrink®, Parodi Group, Italia) mientras que el segundo día los participantes ingirieron la bebida energética con azucares libres. Resultados: hubo diferencias significativas en glucosa e insulina a lo largo del tiempo (p < 0,01). Respecto a las diferencias entre bebidas energéticas, hubo diferencias en los valores de insulina, que fueron menores después de tomar la bebida energética rica en miel (p < 0,05). Además, el incremento de la glucosa e insulina a los 30 minutos fue menor tras ingerir la bebida energética rica en miel. Conclusiones: la ingesta de bebidas energéticas rica en miel produce menores elevaciones de insulina y glucosa en comparación con una bebida energética popular con azúcar libre en sujetos sanos. Atendiendo a los resultados, las bebidas energéticas ricas en miel podrían ser una alternativa a las bebidas energéticas convencionales.

Abstract Introduction: energy drinks have become more popular in different population groups. Aims: the research aimed to study the effect of the intake of a honey-rich energy drink (BeeBad EnegyDrink®, Parodi Group, Italy) and a popular energy drink with free sugars on insulin, glycemia, total protein and triglycerides. Material and methods: fifteen male students participated in the study (20.85 ± 2.67 years). Two separate evaluations were performed on three days. Blood samples were obtained before ingesting the energy drink in a fasting state, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes after ingesting the drinks. On the first day participants ingested the honey-rich energy drink (BeeBad EnegyDrink®, Parodi Group, Italy) while on the second day participants ingested the energy drink with free sugars. Results: there were significant differences in glucose and insulin over time (p < 0.01). Regarding the differences between energy drinks, there were differences in insulin values, being lower after taking the honey-rich energy drink (p < 0.05). In addition, the increase in glucose and insulin at 30 minutes was lower after ingesting the honey-rich energy drink. Conclusions: ingestion of honey-rich energy drink produces lower elevations of insulin and glucose compared to a popular energy drink with free sugar in healthy subjects. Based on the results, honey-rich energy drinks could be an alternative to conventional energy drinks.

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly affects the respiratory system; but, multiple extrapulmonary manifestations have also been observed in various systems and organs. The epithelial cells of the digestive tract and hepatobiliary tree express ECA2 and TMPRSS2 necessary for viral entry, on the other hand, viral RNA has been detected in stool samples, even after having become negative in respiratory samples. The presence of clinical digestive manifestations is associated with a higher viral load and can sometimes be the only manifestations of COVID-19, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms. The most common symptoms are anorexia and diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, the latter being characteristic of seriously ill patients. Gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhagic colitis, or acute hepatitis are very rare. In a patient with gastrointestinal manifestations, COVID-19 should be considered within the differential diagnosis.

RESUMEN La infección por SARS-CoV-2 afecta principalmente el sistema respiratorio; pero, también se han observado múltiples manifestaciones extrapulmonares en diversos sistemas y órganos. Las células epiteliales del tubo digestivo y árbol hepatobiliar expresan ECA2 y TMPRSS2 necesarios para el ingreso viral, por otro lado, el ARN viral ha sido detectado en muestras de heces, incluso después de haberse negativizado en muestras respiratorias. La presencia de manifestaciones clínicas digestivas se asocia a mayor carga viral y en ocasiones pueden ser las únicas manifestaciones de COVID-19, incluso en ausencia de síntomas respiratorios. Los síntomas más comunes son anorexia y diarrea, náuseas, vómitos y dolor abdominal, siendo este último característico de pacientes gravemente enfermos. Es muy poco frecuente la presencia de hemorragia gastrointestinal, colitis hemorrágica o hepatitis aguda. Ante un paciente con manifestaciones gastrointestinales debe considerarse a COVID-19 dentro del diagnóstico diferencial.

Abstract Background: it is well known that moderate or vigorous physical exercise produces an increase in free radicals. Aim: the aims of this study were to observe changes in malondialdehyde and antioxidant vitamins after a maximum incremental test, and to relate malondialdehyde and antioxidant vitamin values to performance parameters. Methods: eighty-four male athletes participated in this study. Participants performed a maximum incremental test until exhaustion on a treadmill. Malondialdehyde in plasma and antioxidant vitamins in plasma and erythrocytes were determined before and after the test. Results: in plasma, there was a decrease in malondialdehyde after the test. In erythrocytes, results showed increases in vitamin C and decreases in vitamin E after the test. Maximal oxygen uptake values were associated positively with vitamin C and negatively with malondialdehyde levels before the test. On the other hand, maximal oxygen uptake, total test time, and total test distance were positively related to the malondialdehyde values obtained after the test. Conclusions: a maximum incremental test did not produce any changes in plasma vitamins in athletes. However, it increased the levels of vitamin C in erythrocytes and decreased malondialdehyde values in plasma and vitamin E in erythrocytes. The levels of malondialdehyde, vitamin C and vitamin E were related to performance parameters. These results may be linked to the adaptation of antioxidant systems due to regular training.

Resumen Introducción: es sabido que el ejercicio físico moderado o vigoroso produce un aumento de radicales libres. Objetivos: los objetivos del estudio fueron: observar los cambios del malondialdehído y las vitaminas antioxidantes después de un test incremental máximo y relacionar los niveles de malondialdehído y vitaminas antioxidantes con parámetros de rendimiento. Métodos: ochenta y cuatro atletas masculinos participaron en el estudio. Los participantes realizaron un test incremental hasta la extenuación en un tapiz rodante. El malondialdehído en plasma y las vitaminas antioxidantes en plasma y en eritrocitos se determinaron antes y después del test incremental. Resultados: en el plasma hubo una disminución del malondialdehído después de la prueba incremental. En los eritrocitos, los resultados mostraron un aumento de la vitamina C y un descenso de la vitamina E después de la prueba. El consumo máximo de oxígeno se asoció positivamente con la vitamina C e inversamente con el malondialdehído antes del test. Por otro lado, el consumo máximo de oxígeno, el tiempo total del test y la distancia total durante el test se asociaron positivamente con los valores de malondialdehído obtenidos tras el test máximo. Conclusión: un test incremental máximo hasta la extenuación no produjo cambios en las vitaminas antioxidantes del plasma. Sin embargo, sí aumentó los niveles de vitamina C en los eritrocitos y redujo los niveles de malondialdehído en el plasma y los de vitamina E en los eritrocitos. Los niveles de malondialdehído, vitamina C y vitamina E se relacionaron con los parámetros de rendimiento. Estos resultados podrían estar relacionados con la adaptación de los sistemas antioxidantes debido al entrenamiento regular.

Background: Chilean higher education students have faced highly stressful events in 2020, including confinement and remote education. This population is particularly susceptible to mental health problems, such as high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Aim: To evaluate possible negative impacts of confinement by COVID-19 on Chilean higher education students’ mental health. Material and Methods: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Scale and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) were applied to 315 students during 2016 and to 301 students during 2020. Results: In 2020, depression mean scores for men (24.1) and women (29.7) exceeded the cutoff point, therefore suggesting the presence of depressive disorder. Women had higher depressive and anxious symptoms in both years, however, in 2020 a significant increase was observed for depression, indicating interaction between the year of assessment andgender (0 = 6.74; p <.001). In both samples, first-year students hadsignificantly higherdepressionscores (fl = −1,909;p = 0.05). Conclusions: An increase in depression was observed in 2020. Confinement by COVID-19 had a high impact on mental health in female students. Women and first-year students appear to be high risk groups for developing depressive symptoms.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We investigated the prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) infection in patients with hematological diseases from the western Amazon region of Brazil. METHODS: Samples from 306 patients were submitted for the molecular diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection by real time PCR (qPCR), with amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR) region. RESULTS: A 29-year-old male carrier of sickle cell anemia with a history of multiple blood transfusions was diagnosed with the HTLV-2c subtype. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the first known occurrence of HTLV-2c in the urban area of Brazil’s western Amazon region.

Abstract This work introduces a novel hybrid algorithm, which allows computing the absolute temperature of a bipolar transistor device in thermal equilibrium for sensing ambient temperature. The proposed idea relies on the measured current-voltage characteristics of the device and it can be implemented in any computing platform. Experimental data obtained, using a broad collection of commercial devices, demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan-tomato plant extract (C-TPE) edible coating (EC) applications on the physicochemical, microbiological, sensory and antioxidant capacity of chicken during storage. Edible coatings prepared with chitosan 1%, acetic acid 1%, glycerol and TPE (0.1 and 0.3%) were tested. The slices were submerged for 1 minute in different treatments (T1: C 1%; T2: C 1% + TPE 0.1%; T3: C 1% + TPE 0.3%; T4: control) and stored at 4 °C. At the end of the storage period, the treatments exhibited the greatest physicochemical and microbiological effects in the slices, reducing the microbial population relative to the control. The T2 treatment exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and overall acceptance. The results demonstrate that the application of C with the addition of a natural extract, such as those from the tomato plant, can be an alternative method for preserving chicken meat.

ABSTRACT Alstroemeria pulchra is a Chilean species where 3 subspecies are recognized: subsp. lavandulacea, maxima and pulchra. The chromosomes of populations of the subspecies lavandulacea and pulchra were studied and a marked size polymorphism was observed among the homologous of the first pair of chromosomes. This size polymorphism among homologous is one of the rarest reported thus far in the Angiosperm literature.