Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar a prevalência de relato e notificação de violência em crianças e adolescentes no trabalho de profissionais clínicos da saúde. A busca foi realizada em seis bases de dados eletrônicas e na literatura cinzenta para estudos publicados até 1º de junho de 2022. As estimativas de interesse foram calculadas usando meta-análises de efeitos aleatórios. Dois revisores avaliaram de maneira independente os estudos potencialmente elegíveis de acordo com os seguintes critérios: estudos transversais com profissionais da saúde que prestavam atendimentos clínicos voltados a crianças e adolescentes e que se depararam com casos de violência. Dois revisores extraíram dados sobre as características dos estudos incluídos, métodos e resultados. As estimativas de interesse foram calculadas usando meta-análises de efeitos aleatórios. A meta-análise de prevalência de relato de violência realizada com 42 artigos foi de 41%. A meta-análise da notificação ocorreu com 39 artigos e foi de 30%. Aproximadamente um a cada dois profissionais da saúde se deparam com situações de violência contra crianças e adolescentes em sua prática clínica (41%) e cerca de um a cada três profissionais da saúde notificam os casos (30%). º 2022 metaanálises meta análises aleatórios critérios incluídos resultados metaanálise análise 4 41 41% 3 30 30% (41% . (30%) 202 (41 (30% 20 (4 (30 2 ( (3

Abstract This article aims to analyze the prevalence of reporting and notification of violence in children and adolescents in the work of clinical health professionals. The search was performed in six electronic databases and the gray literature for studies published until June 1, 2022. Estimates of interest were calculated using random effects meta-analyses. Two reviewers independently evaluated the potentially eligible studies according to the following criteria: cross-sectional studies carried out with health professionals who provided clinical care for children and adolescents and dealt with violence cases. Two reviewers extracted data on included trial characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Expectations of interest were transformed using random effects meta-analyses. The meta-analysis of the prevalence of reports of violence performed with 42 articles was 41%. The notification meta-analysis occurred with 39 articles and was 30%. About one in two health professionals face situations of violence against children and adolescents in their clinical practice (41%), and approximately one in three health professionals report the cases (30%). 1 2022 metaanalyses. metaanalyses meta analyses. analyses meta-analyses criteria crosssectional cross sectional characteristics methods outcomes metaanalysis analysis 4 41 41% 3 30 30% 41%, , (41%) . (30%) 202 (41% (30% 20 (41 (30 2 (4 (3 (

ABSTRACT There are several types of approaches that can be used to achieve therapeutic goals in disorders related to the functions of mastication, swallowing, speech, and breathing. However, the literature lacks evidence to support their use in speech-language clinical practice. The objective of this review was to map the syntheses of evidence on speech-language pathology intervention in the areas of breathing, mastication, swallowing and speech in adults and the elderly. Only studies classified by their authors as a systematic review, studies that addressed therapy for orofacial disorders in individuals over 18 years of age were included. The procedures performed included: electronic and manual search; selection of studies; data extraction; evaluation of the quality of studies and data analysis. It was possible to observe different types of interventions mainly aimed at the swallowing function, ranging from traditional therapy to the use of devices. However, due to the limitations of the studies, the data must be interpreted with caution. mastication breathing However speechlanguage language practice elderly 1 included search extraction analysis function devices caution

RESUMO Há diversas abordagens que podem ser utilizadas para atingir os objetivos terapêuticos nos distúrbios relacionados às funções de mastigação, deglutição, fala e respiração. Entretanto, a literatura necessita de evidências que fundamentem o uso na prática clínica fonoaudiológica. O objetivo desta revisão foi mapear as sínteses de evidências sobre intervenção fonoaudiológica nas áreas de respiração, mastigação, deglutição e fala em adultos e idosos. Foram incluídos apenas estudos classificados por seus autores como revisão sistemática, que abordaram terapia para disfunções orofaciais em indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. Os procedimentos realizados foram: busca eletrônica e manual; seleção dos estudos; extração dos dados; avaliação da qualidade dos estudos e análise de dados. Foi possível observar diversos tipos de intervenções principalmente voltadas à função de deglutição, abarcando desde a terapia tradicional até a utilização de dispositivos. Contudo, devido às limitações dos estudos, os dados devem ser interpretados com cautela. mastigação respiração Entretanto idosos sistemática 1 anos foram manual dispositivos Contudo cautela

Abstract Purpose To review studies that have intervention in reading with impacts on phonological awareness in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research strategies Searches took place until February 2021 in Cochrane, Embase, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and gray literature databases. Selection criteria The review included experimental studies with preschoolers and schoolchildren with ASD. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and, in case of disagreement, a third reviewer was consulted. Data analysis Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used for risk of bias. A random effects meta-analysis was performed and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results Eight studies with some impact on phonological awareness were reviewed. The risk of bias was low and moderate. The certainty of the evidence was low for randomized trials and very low for non-randomised trials. Comparison of pre- and post-therapy on the Preschool Literacy Test (TOPEL) showed that children with ASD improved phonological awareness, with a mean difference between baseline and post-therapy of 6.21 (95% CI = 3.75-8.67; I2 = 0%). Conclusion Shared reading and software activities with words and phrases can alter phonological awareness. These results support further research with larger samples and a detailed description of the intervention to observe its effectiveness in phonological awareness. disorder 202 Cochrane Embase Education Center, Center , Center) Latin Literature, Literature Literature) PubMedMedline PubMed Medline PubMed/Medline Scopus databases disagreement consulted metaanalysis meta tool reviewed moderate nonrandomised non randomised pre posttherapy post therapy TOPEL (TOPEL 621 6 21 6.2 95% 95 (95 3.758.67 375867 3.75 8.67 3 75 8 67 3.75-8.67 I 0%. 0 0% . 0%) 20 62 2 6. 9 (9 758 3.758.6 37586 375 3.7 867 8.6 7 3.75-8.6 ( 3.758. 3758 37 3. 86 8. 3.75-8. 3.758 3.75-8 3.75-

ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the relationship between mastication and malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults. Research strategies To establish the eligibility criteria, the acronym PECOS was used: Population: non-institutionalized older adults; Exposure: older adults with malnutrition; Control: older adults without malnutrition; Outcome: masticatory problems in malnourished older adults; Study types: observational studies. Selection criteria It selected studies assessing malnutrition and mastication difficulties in non-institutionalized adults over 60 years old, of both sexes. Mastication and malnutrition were evaluated with questionnaires on self-reported symptoms and clinical and instrumental assessments. There were no restrictions on language, year of publication, or ethnicity. Data analysis The included studies were evaluated for methodological quality with the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for cross-sectional studies. For the cross-sectional studies included, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Results After searching the databases, 692 references were retrieved, with three studies selected for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The values obtained in the meta-analysis for association show that malnutrition and mastication difficulties were 2.21 times as likely to occur (OR = 2.21; 95%CI = 0.93 – 5.26; I2 = 94%) as individuals without malnutrition (p < 0.001). The assessment of the risk of bias presented a high-risk, a moderate-risk, and a low-risk study. The certainty of evidence was rated very low with the GRADE tool. Conclusion Individuals at risk of malnutrition are 2.21 times as likely to have mastication difficulties. communitydwelling community dwelling used Population noninstitutionalized non institutionalized Exposure Control Outcome types 6 old sexes selfreported self reported assessments language publication ethnicity crosssectional cross sectional OR 95 intervals databases 69 retrieved metaanalysis meta 221 2 21 2.2 95CI CI 093 0 93 0.9 5.26 526 5 26 I 94% 94 p 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) highrisk, highrisk high risk, high-risk moderaterisk, moderaterisk moderate moderate-risk lowrisk study 9 22 2. 09 0. 5.2 52 000 0.00 00 5. 0.0

ABSTRACT Purpose To systematically review the literature regarding the impact of prematurity on the transition of food consistencies in infants during the introduction of complementary feeding. Research strategies Searches were conducted in the EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, Google Scholar; for gray literature, searches were conducted on Open Gray, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses databases, from August 10, 2020, onwards. Selection criteria “PECOS” was selected to determine inclusion criteria: Population (P): Infants; Exposure (E): Prematurity; Comparison (C): Full-term newborns; Outcomes (O): Progression of food consistencies in premature newborns with or without comparison; Study design (S): Cohort study, Case-control; Cross-sectional. Data analysis The methodological quality of the selected observational studies was assessed using the Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (MASTARI). Results A total of 3,310 articles were found, of which nine were selected for qualitative synthesis. Among the selected studies, a relationship between invasive oral interventions and feeding difficulties was observed for all assessed skills, with feeding difficulties being more frequent in infants with lower gestational age. Conclusion Most studies found no significant relationship between prematurity and difficulties in the progression of food consistencies during the introduction of complementary feeding; only three studies demonstrated such a relationship. EMBASE LILACS, LILACS , (LILACS) LIVIVO PubMedMedline PubMed Medline PubMed/Medline Scopus databases Scholar Gray 10 2020 onwards PECOS “PECOS P (P) Infants E (E) Prematurity C (C) Fullterm Full term O (O) comparison S (S) study Casecontrol Case control Case-control Crosssectional. Crosssectional Cross sectional. sectional Cross-sectional MetaAnalysis Meta Analysis MASTARI. MASTARI . (MASTARI) 3310 3 310 3,31 synthesis skills age (LILACS 1 202 (P (E (C (O (S (MASTARI 331 31 3,3 20 33 3, 2

RESUMO Objetivo Revisar a literatura de maneira sistematizada acerca da relação do impacto da prematuridade na transição das consistências alimentares em lactentes no período de introdução da alimentação complementar. Estratégia de pesquisa Foram pesquisados os bancos de dados EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus e Web of Science e Google Scholar, Open Grey e ProQuest Dissertations & Theses na literatura cinzenta foram pesquisados desde 10/08/2020. Critérios de seleção “PECOS”: População (P): Lactentes, Exposição (E): Prematuridade, Comparação (C): Recém-nascidos a termo, Desfecho (O): Progressão de consistências alimentares em recém-nascidos prematuros com ou sem comparação, Tipos de estudos (S): Estudo de coorte; Caso-controle; Transversal. Análise dos dados A qualidade metodológica dos estudos observacionais selecionados foi avaliada usando a Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (MASTARI). Resultados Um total de 3.310 artigos foram encontrados, sendo 9 selecionados para a realização da síntese qualitativa. Nos estudos selecionados foi observada a relação entre intervenções orais invasivas e dificuldade alimentar para todas as habilidades avaliadas e quanto menor a idade gestacional, mais frequente são os comportamentos de dificuldades alimentares. Conclusão Não foi observada relação entre a prematuridade e dificuldades na progressão das consistências no período da introdução das consistências alimentares na maioria dos estudos, somente três deles demonstraram tal relação. complementar EMBASE LatinoAmericana Latino Americana LILACS, LILACS , (LILACS) LIVIVO PubMedMedline PubMed Medline PubMed/Medline Scholar 10082020 10 08 2020 10/08/2020 PECOS “PECOS” P (P) Lactentes E (E) Prematuridade C (C) Recémnascidos Recém nascidos termo O (O) recémnascidos recém comparação S (S) coorte Casocontrole Caso controle Caso-controle Transversal MetaAnalysis Meta Analysis MASTARI. MASTARI . (MASTARI) 3310 3 310 3.31 encontrados qualitativa gestacional (LILACS 1008202 1 0 202 10/08/202 “PECOS (P (E (C (O (S (MASTARI 331 31 3.3 100820 20 10/08/20 33 3. 10082 2 10/08/2 1008 10/08/ 100 10/08 10/0 10/

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar a prevalência de relato e notificação de violência em crianças e adolescentes no trabalho de profissionais clínicos da saúde. A busca foi realizada em seis bases de dados eletrônicas e na literatura cinzenta para estudos publicados até 1º de junho de 2022. As estimativas de interesse foram calculadas usando meta-análises de efeitos aleatórios. Dois revisores avaliaram de maneira independente os estudos potencialmente elegíveis de acordo com os seguintes critérios: estudos transversais com profissionais da saúde que prestavam atendimentos clínicos voltados a crianças e adolescentes e que se depararam com casos de violência. Dois revisores extraíram dados sobre as características dos estudos incluídos, métodos e resultados. As estimativas de interesse foram calculadas usando meta-análises de efeitos aleatórios. A meta-análise de prevalência de relato de violência realizada com 42 artigos foi de 41%. A meta-análise da notificação ocorreu com 39 artigos e foi de 30%. Aproximadamente um a cada dois profissionais da saúde se deparam com situações de violência contra crianças e adolescentes em sua prática clínica (41%) e cerca de um a cada três profissionais da saúde notificam os casos (30%).

Abstract This article aims to analyze the prevalence of reporting and notification of violence in children and adolescents in the work of clinical health professionals. The search was performed in six electronic databases and the gray literature for studies published until June 1, 2022. Estimates of interest were calculated using random effects meta-analyses. Two reviewers independently evaluated the potentially eligible studies according to the following criteria: cross-sectional studies carried out with health professionals who provided clinical care for children and adolescents and dealt with violence cases. Two reviewers extracted data on included trial characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Expectations of interest were transformed using random effects meta-analyses. The meta-analysis of the prevalence of reports of violence performed with 42 articles was 41%. The notification meta-analysis occurred with 39 articles and was 30%. About one in two health professionals face situations of violence against children and adolescents in their clinical practice (41%), and approximately one in three health professionals report the cases (30%).

ABSTRACT Objective: This systematic review aims to answer the following focus question: “Is there an association between atypical swallowing and malocclusions?”. Methods: Appropriate word combinations were chosen and tailored specifically for each of the following electronic databases: EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature, without any restrictions, up to February 2021. According to the selection criteria, only cross-sectional studies were included. The following inclusion criteria were considered: a sample composed of children, adolescents, and adults; patients clinically diagnosed with atypical swallowing; patients with normal swallowing; and outcome of interest of atypical swallowing in patients with malocclusion. The data consisted of study characteristics, sample characteristics, results, and conclusion of each study. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results: 4,750 articles were identified. After a two-step selection, four studies were included. A higher frequency of distal occlusion, extreme maxillary overhang, and open bite was related to swallowing disorders; most studies pointed to posterior crossbite as a malocclusion more associated with atypical swallowing. All studies had a moderate to high risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was very low. Conclusion: The results indicate that atypical swallowing is associated with malocclusions and that posterior crossbite is the main malocclusion found, but only in the young population (3-11 years). Registration: PROSPERO (42020215203). Objective question Is malocclusions. . malocclusions?” Methods databases EMBASE LILACS, LILACS , (LILACS) LIVIVO PubMedMedline PubMed Medline PubMed/Medline Scopus Science literature restrictions 2021 crosssectional cross sectional included considered children adolescents adults characteristics CrossSectional Cross Sectional Studies tool Results 4750 4 750 4,75 identified twostep two step occlusion overhang disorders low Conclusion found 311 3 11 (3-1 years. years years) Registration 42020215203. 42020215203 (42020215203) malocclusions? (LILACS 202 475 75 4,7 31 1 (3- 4202021520 (42020215203 20 47 7 4, (3 420202152 (4202021520 2 ( 42020215 (420202152 4202021 (42020215 420202 (4202021 42020 (420202 4202 (42020 420 (4202 42 (420 (42 (4

RESUMO Objetivo: A presente revisão sistemática tem como objetivo responder à seguinte questão focal: “Existe associação entre deglutição atípica e más oclusões?”. Métodos: Combinações de palavras e truncamentos apropriados foram adaptados para as bases de dados eletrônicas: EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus e Web of Science e a literatura cinzenta, sem qualquer restrição, até fevereiro de 2021. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos transversais; amostra composta por crianças, adolescentes e adultos; pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de deglutição atípica; pacientes com deglutição normal, e o desfecho de interesse foi deglutição atípica em pacientes com má oclusão. Os dados extraídos de cada estudo foram características do estudo, da amostra e a conclusão. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando a Lista de verificação de avaliação crítica da JBI para estudos transversais analíticos, e a certeza das evidências foi avaliada usando a ferramenta GRADE. Resultados: Foram identificados 4.750 artigos. Após uma seleção em duas fases, quatro estudos foram incluídos. Maior frequência de disto-oclusão, protuberância maxilar extrema e mordida aberta foram relacionadas a distúrbios da deglutição, com a maioria dos estudos apontando para mordida cruzada posterior como a má oclusão mais associada à deglutição atípica. Todos os estudos tiveram um risco de viés moderado a alto, e a certeza das evidências foi considerada muito baixa. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a deglutição atípica está associada à mordida cruzada posterior apenas na população jovem de 3 a 11 anos. Objetivo focal Existe oclusões. oclusões . oclusões?” Métodos eletrônicas EMBASE LatinoAmericana Latino Americana LILACS, LILACS , (LILACS) LIVIVO PubMedMedline PubMed Medline PubMed/Medline cinzenta restrição 2021 crianças adultos normal conclusão analíticos GRADE Resultados 4750 4 750 4.75 artigos fases incluídos distooclusão, distooclusão disto oclusão, disto-oclusão alto baixa Conclusão 1 anos oclusões? (LILACS 202 475 75 4.7 20 47 7 4. 2

RESUMO Objetivos verificar a aplicabilidade do Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) em doenças do sistema nervoso central (SNC), bem como os resultados encontrados e as doenças descritas. Estratégia de pesquisa revisão integrativa da literatura, em que foi realizada a busca em nove bases eletrônicas de dados, a partir da palavra-chave “video head impulse test”. Critérios de seleção foram incluídos estudos que utilizaram o vHIT no diagnóstico de doenças do SNC e excluídos os estudos publicados antes de 2009 e estudos que realizaram outros procedimentos de investigação clínica, ou que aplicaram o teste no diagnóstico de doenças vestibulares periféricas. Resultados a amostra final foi composta por 18 estudos. Os resultados verificados mostraram que o reflexo vestíbulo-ocular (RVO) tem apresentado alterações na população investigada. Foram observados achados sugestivos de acometimento central, tais como ganho ou média de ganho do RVO nos canais semicirculares verticais, inferior aos laterais, ganho aumentado, correlação negativa do ganho com a gravidade da doença na ataxia espinocerebelar tipo 3, ponto de corte de 0,70 e assimetria de ganho menor de 20% para diferenciar neurite vestibular de derrame no ramo medial da artéria cerebelar posteroinferior, ganho normal com provas oculomotoras alteradas, presença de nistagmo espontâneo vertical, além de alterações no RVO com e sem otimização visual, na perseguição sacádica e no teste de desvio de inclinação. Conclusão verificou-se que o vHIT é aplicável quanto a avaliação do RVO de alta frequência em indivíduos com doenças do SNC, uma vez que trouxe evidências clínicas sobre alterações da função vestibular periférica e central nos diferentes quadros neurológicos.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the applicability of the Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, as well as the results found and the diseases described. Research strategy Integrative literature review, in which nine electronic databases were searched using the keyword “video head impulse test”. Selection criteria Studies that used the vHIT in the diagnosis of CNS diseases were included, and studies published before 2009, studies that performed other clinical investigation procedures or that concerned the diagnosis of peripheral vestibular diseases were excluded. Results The final sample consisted of 18 studies. The verified results show that the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) has shown alteration in this population. Suggestive findings of central involvement were observed, such as lower gain or average VOR in the vertical semicircular canals than in the lateral ones, increased gain, the negative correlation of gain with disease severity in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3, cutoff point of 0.70, and gain asymmetry of less than 20% to differentiate vestibular neuritis from a stroke in the medial branch of the posteroinferior cerebellar artery, normal gain with altered oculomotor tests, presence of spontaneous vertical nystagmus, as well as alterations in the VOR with and without visual enhancement, in saccadic pursuit, and the tilt deviation test. Conclusion We found that the vHIT applies to the assessment of high-frequency VOR in individuals with CNS diseases since it provided clinical evidence of changes in peripheral and central vestibular function in different neurological conditions

ABSTRACT Purpose: to map, through a literature survey, which instruments are used to assess swallowing in patients after orotracheal extubation. Methods: available evidence was mapped through six electronic databases and gray literature. There were no restrictions regarding gender, ethnicity of the individuals, language of the studies, time of publication, and diagnosis. Results: the most mentioned protocol in the studies was the Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol and the most cited objective assessment exam was the flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Conclusion: there is a need for a specific protocol to evaluate this profile of patients, in addition to comparative studies of subjective clinical evaluation and instrumental imaging.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a acurácia dos aplicativos de smartphone para identificar a perda auditiva. Estratégias de pesquisa Uma revisão sistemática seguiu o checklist PRISMA-DATA. As estratégias de busca foram aplicadas nos bancos de dados Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science e na literatura cinzenta (Google Scholar, OpenGrey e ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis). Critérios de seleção O anacrônimo PIRD foi usado na revisão. Incluiu populações de qualquer gênero e todas as faixas etárias. O teste Index foi o de triagem auditiva baseado em smartphone; o teste de referência foi a audiometria tonal; o diagnóstico foi realizado por meio de dados de validade (sensibilidade e especificidade) para identificação da perda auditiva e estudos diagnósticos. Análise de dados Dois revisores selecionaram os estudos em um processo de duas etapas. O risco de viés foi avaliado de acordo com os critérios do QUADAS-2. Resultados De 1395 artigos, 104 artigos foram elegíveis para leitura de texto completo e 17 foram incluídos. Apenas quatro preencheram todos os critérios de qualidade metodológica. Todos os estudos incluídos foram publicados em inglês entre 2015 e 2020. Os aplicativos mais estudados foram: Digits-in-noise (5 artigos), uHear (4 artigos), HearScreen (2 artigos), hearTest (2 artigos) e Hearing Test (2 artigos). Todos apresentaram valores de sensibilidade e especificidade entre 75 e 100%. Os outros aplicativos foram EarScale, uHearing, Free Field Hearing e teste Free Hearing. Conclusão uHear, Digit-in-Noise Test, HearTest e HearScreen apresentaram valores significativos de sensibilidade e especificidade e podem ser considerados os métodos mais precisos para rastreamento de deficiência auditiva.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the accuracy of smartphone apps to identify hearing loss. Research strategies A systematic review followed the PRISMA-DATA checklist. The search strategies were applied across four databases (Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis). Selection criteria The acronym PIRD was used in review. This included populations of any gender and all age groups. The Index test is the smartphone-based hearing screening test; the Reference test is the pure-tone audiometry, which is considered the gold reference for hearing diagnostics; the diagnosis was performed via validity data (sensitivity and specificity) to identify hearing loss and diagnostic studies. Data analysis Two reviewers selected the studies in a two-step process. The risk of bias was assessed according to the criteria of the QUADAS-2. Results Of 1395 articles, 104 articles were eligible for full-text reading and 17 were included. Only four met all criteria for methodological quality. All of the included studies were published in English between 2015 and 2020. The applications Digits-in noise Test (5 articles), uHear (4 articles), HearScreen (2 articles), hearTest (2 articles) and Hearing Test (2 articles) were the most studied. All this application showed sensitivity and specificity values between 75 and 100%. The other applications were EarScale, uHearing Test, Free field hearing (FFH) and Free Hearing Test. Conclusion uHear, Digit-in-Noise Test, HearTest and HearScreen have shown significant values of sensitivity and specificity and can be considered as the most accurate methods for screening of hearing impairment.

RESUMO Objetivo identificar quais são os sinais e sintomas de disfagia orofaríngea mais presentes nos idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência. Estratégia de pesquisa revisão integrativa realizada em quatro bases de dados: Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed e Web of Science, com uso de termos na língua inglesa e aplicação de filtros por idioma e idade. Critérios de seleção estudos disponíveis na forma de texto completo em inglês, português ou espanhol, sem restrição de tempo de publicação, relacionados a idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência que referiram disfagia orofaríngea. Foram excluídos estudos relacionados a idosos da comunidade ou que estavam em hospitais, e com outras condições de saúde não relacionadas aos problemas de deglutição. Resultados de 389 estudos, 16 foram incluídos nesta revisão, publicados entre os anos de 1986 e 2020. Houve predomínio de participantes do sexo feminino, com média mínima de idade de 71 anos e máxima de 87 anos. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes de disfagia orofaríngea foram presença de tosse e engasgo, além de outros relevantes, como pressão de língua diminuída, voz molhada, perda de peso e deglutição lenta. Conclusão de acordo com os estudos revisados, os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes relacionados à disfagia orofaríngea nos idosos institucionalizados foram presença de tosse e engasgo, antes, durante ou após a deglutição.

Abstract Purpose To identify the most prevalent signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia in elderly adults who live in old folks' home. Research strategy Integrative review carried out in four databases: Embase, Lilacs, MEDLINE/Pubmed, and Web of Science using English terms and filters for language and age. Selection criteria Studies available in the full-text form in English, Portuguese or Spanish, with no publication time restrictions, related to elderly people living in care homes who reported oropharyngeal dysphagia. Studies related to elderly people in the community or in hospitals and with other health issuesthat were not related to swallowing disorders were excluded. Results Of 389 studies, 16 were included in this review, published between 1986 and 2020. There was a predominance of female participants whose minimum mean age was 71 and maximum, 87. The most frequent signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia were the presence of coughing and choking, in addition to other relevant ones, such as diminished tongue pressure, wet voice, weight loss, and slow swallowing. Conclusion According to the reviewed studies, the most frequent signs and symptoms related to oropharyngeal dysphagia in elderly people living in care homes were (the) presence of coughing and choking, before, during or after swallowing.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the literature about the accuracy of screening instruments for identifying the Central Auditory Processing Disorders (CAPD). Methods: search strategies were performed in the following databases: CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed /MEDLINE, Scopus, Speechbite and Web of Science. A search was also carried out in the grey literature. Four independent reviewers selected the included articles using a two-phase process based on the eligibility criteria. Two reviewers independently collected the required information from the included articles. The diagnostic methods were minimal batteries of behavioral tests to assess auditory processing skills. Results: from 1,366 articles found on all databases, after analysis of title and abstract, 36 were selected for the next phase, when 5 articles were finally included. It was found that the studies included were related to five instruments applied in children. The specificity was higher than 70%, but just the Mottier test and Screening Test for Auditory Processing (STAP), and Screening Checklist for Auditory Processing (SCAP) showed sensibility higher than 70%. Conclusion: Mottier was the most accurate CAPD screening test. There was no homogeneity in the presentation of the pass/fail criterion, or in the gold reference test used to establish the presence of CAPD.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia. Chronic complications affect a number of organs, including the lungs. Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl (Menispermaceae) is a plant used to treat respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cissampelos sympodialis extract (CSE) in lungs of diabetic rats. We used 30 Wistar rats divided into three groups: control group (CG), diabetic group (DG) and diabetic Cissampelos sympodialis treatment group (DTG). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg i.v.). The CSE (400 mg/kg, po) was administered daily, during four weeks, beginning one week after the onset of DM. The treatment with CSE was not able to reduce blood glucose levels after streptozotocin injection. However, it was able to decrease cholesterol and triglycerides and prevent damage on pancreatic islets morphology. Additionally, morphological alterations such as alveolar septa loss, inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis were seen in lung tissue of rats with DM, and treatment with CSE apparently reversed these histopathological findings. Thus, CSE treatment reduced the lipid profile and restored the lung architecture of diabetic animals by a mechanism independent of glycemia and which might be associated with the reduction of the damage on the pancreatic islets.

Resumo Introdução: A disfagia orofaríngea é uma comorbidade altamente prevalente em pacientes neurológicos e representa uma séria ameaça à saúde, pode levar a desfechos como pneumonia por aspiração, hospitalização e até morte. A avaliação propõe um método não invasivo, acústico, para diferenciar entre indivíduos com e sem sinais de penetração e aspiração. Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática analisou a validade diagnóstica de diferentes métodos para avaliação dos sons de deglutição, quando comparados com a videofluoroscopia da deglutição para detectar disfagia orofaríngea. Método: Artigos nos quais o objetivo principal era avaliar a acurácia dos sons de deglutição foram pesquisados em cinco bancos de dados eletrônicos sem limitações de idioma ou tempo de publicação. As medidas de acurácia descritas nos estudos foram transformadas para construir curvas ROC (Receptor Operating Characteristic) e gráfico em floresta (forest plot) com o auxílio do software Review Manager v. 5.2 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Dinamarca). A metodologia dos estudos selecionados foi avaliada com a ferramenta Avaliação da Qualidade de Estudos de Acurácia de Testes Diagnósticos-2. Resultados: A busca eletrônica final resultou na identificação de 554 artigos; no entanto, apenas três estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os valores de acurácia (área abaixo da curva) foram 0,94 para microfone, 0,80 para doppler e 0,60 para estetoscópio. Conclusão: Baseado nas evidências limitadas e da baixa qualidade metodológica, pois foram poucos os estudos incluídos, e com pequeno tamanho amostral, de todos os testes diagnósticos (index testes) encontrados para essa revisão sistemática o doppler mostrou excelente acurácia diagnóstica na discriminação dos sons de deglutição, o microfone demonstrou uma boa acurácia na discriminação dos sons de pacientes disfágicos e o estetoscópio revelou o melhor teste de triagem.

Abstract Introduction: Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a highly prevalent comorbidity in neurological patients and presents a serious health threat, which may lead to outcomes of aspiration pneumonia, ranging from hospitalization to death. This assessment proposes a non-invasive, acoustic-based method to differentiate between individuals with and without signals of penetration and aspiration. Objective: This systematic review evaluated the diagnostic validity of different methods for assessment of swallowing sounds, when compared to videofluroscopy swallowing study to detect oropharyngeal dysphagia. Methods: Articles in which the primary objective was to evaluate the accuracy of swallowing sounds were searched in five electronic databases with no language or time limitations. Accuracy measurements described in the studies were transformed to construct receiver operating characteristic curves and forest plots with the aid of Review Manager v. 5.2 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark). The methodology of the selected studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Results: The final electronic search revealed 554 records, however only 3 studies met the inclusion criteria. The accuracy values (area under the curve) were 0.94 for microphone, 0.80 for doppler, and 0.60 for stethoscope. Conclusion: Based on limited evidence and low methodological quality because few studies were included, with a small sample size, from all index testes found for this systematic review, doppler showed excellent diagnostic accuracy for the discrimination of swallowing sounds, whereas microphone-reported good accuracy discrimination of swallowing sounds of dysphagic patients and stethoscope showed best screening test.