Resumen Se describe por primera vez el macho de Adesmus murutinga Martins & Galileo, 2004, una clave actualizada de las especies colombianas del género es presentada, además se reportan para Colombia tres especies de escarabajos longicornios. Finalmente se detallan localidades específicas en Colombia de Miriclytusquadrifasciatus (Chevrolat, 1862) y Oedudes spectabilis (Drury, 1782).

Abstract The male of Adesmus murutinga Martins & Galileo, 2004 is described for the first time, an updated key to Colombian species of the genus is presented, and three species of longhorned beetles are reported for the first time for Colombia. The specific localities in Colombia of Miriclytus quadrifasciatus (Chevrolat, 1862) and Oedudes spectabilis (Drury, 1782) are reported.

ABSTRACT The Spanish composer Rodolfo Halffter (1900-1987) describes a compositive career parallel to his biography: his exile to Mexico due to the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was a landmark that resulted in a creative turn marked by its adoption, since the fifties, of the twelve-tone method. Although progressively distanced from its more orthodox practice, Halffter acknowledged in his first approach to the series, the pianistic Tres hojas de álbum, op. 22 (1953), his debt to Arnold Schöenberg (1874-1951). An analysis is proposed using a methodology coherent to the current atonal and twelve-tone theory, and to the Topic Theory.

RESUMEN El compositor español Rodolfo Halffter (1900-1987) describe una carrera compositiva paralela a su biografía: el hito de su exilio a México por la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939) redundó en un giro creativo marcado por su adopción, a partir de los años cincuenta, del método dodecafónico. Aunque progresivamente fue distanciándose de su práctica más ortodoxa, Halffter reconoció en su primer acercamiento a la serie, la pianística Tres hojas de álbum, op. 22 (1953), su deuda con Arnold Schöenberg (1874-1951). Se plantea un análisis empleando una metodología deudora de la teoría atonal y dodecafónica actual, así como de la teoría de los tópicos.

RESUMEN Se dan a conocer los resultados de las investigaciones arqueológicas realizadas en el sitio La Reservada Bajo (Cafayate, Salta) cuyo objetivo consistió en la localización de un contexto cultural de la transición entre los períodos Formativo y Tardío de la secuencia histórica prehispánica. Para ello se realizaron tareas de registro de colecciones locales, prospecciones, recolecciones superficiales, relevamientos planimétricos y excavaciones. La investigación permitió identificar un establecimiento rural con una ocupación fechada a principios del segundo milenio de la E.C. Se reconstruyeron de manera parcial cuatro ollas cerámicas Ordinario Alisado y una tinaja Santa María Bicolor; además, se observó que el cuarzo fue la materia prima más utilizada para la talla y que el conjunto óseo está representado principalmente por camélidos. Finalmente, se discute la transición entre Formativo y Tardío a partir de las vinculaciones iconográficas en los estilos Guachipas Polícromo y Santa María y de la configuración arquitectónica del sitio.

ABSTRACT The results ofthe archaeological investigations carried out atLa Reservada Bajo site (Cafayate, Salta) are presented. The objective was to locate a cultural context of the transition between the Formative and Late Periods of the pre-Hispanic historical sequence. To this end, recording of local collections, prospections, surface col lections, mapping and excavations were carried out. The investigation allowed to identify a rural settlement with an occupation dated at the beginning of the second millennium of the C.E. Four Ordinario Alisado-style ceramic pots and one Santa María Bicolor jar were partially reconstructed. Also, quartz was the most common raw material for knapping. In addition, the faunal bone assemblage is mainly represented by camelids. Finally, the transition between Formative and Late Periods is discussed based on the iconographic links of the Guachipas Polychrome and Santa María styles and the architectural configuration of the site.

Abstract Paper aims The objectives of this paper are: (i) to analyze the impacts of Inventory Record Inaccuracy (IRI) on picking productivity (PP), lost sales (LS), and warehouse capacity utilization (WCU) for different warehouses; (ii) verify if the Cycle Counting (CC) implementation is sufficient to reduce IRI and (iii) the number of CC operators to maintain warehouse performance. Originality A causal loop diagram in detail of the IRI and CC variable's effects in receiving and picking processes is developed. IRI is separated into ghost and hidden inventory to represent the actual effects in WCU, LS, and PP. Research method A dynamic system model is built. Simulations are performed for the five categories of warehouse performance with different numbers of CC operators. Main findings IRI impacts in all warehouses simulated, so managers should monitor IRI besides employee productivity. CC can reduce IRI in all types of warehouses. The number of CC operators to be implemented is different for each warehouse. Implications for theory and practice Several implications for theory and practice are discussed. For example, IRI impacts more ADV and BIC warehouses without CC implementation. In TYP, ADV, and BIC warehouses CC is sufficient to reduce IRI. In MO and DIS warehouses, other improvements are needed. i (i (IRI PP, PP , (PP) LS (LS) WCU (WCU ii (ii (CC iii (iii variables variable s developed built simulated discussed example TYP needed (PP (LS

Abstract Secondary production is the formation of heterotrophic biomass across time, which integrates several important ecological processes that affect the life of organisms, populations, communities and ecosystems, but its study has poor developed in South America. The objectives of this work were to describe the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in terms of abundance and biomass, and to quantify their secondary production for the first time in Andean rivers. A quantitative sampling scheme was implemented, using a Surber sampler, in three forested streams. Physical-chemical variables, nutrients, organic matter and chlorophyll were measured also. The macroinvertebrates were separated and identified mostly at the species level. Each taxon was assigned to a functional feeding group. Secondary production was estimated for 38 taxa, mostly Diptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Ephemeroptera. The annual production varied from 3769 to 13916 mg dry mass m-2 y-1. Most abundant taxa were also those with higher production, dominated by Ephemeroptera (Baetidae), Trichoptera (Hydropsychidae) and Diptera (Chironomidae and Simuliidae). Density, biomass, and production of collectors and predators were much higher than the other feeding groups. We expect that our results will be useful to evaluate the effects on stream functioning produced by global warming and other anthropogenic disturbances in our region. organisms populations ecosystems America rivers implemented sampler streams Physicalchemical Physical chemical variables nutrients level group 3 Coleoptera 376 1391 m2 m 2 m- y1. y1 y 1. 1 y-1 Baetidae, Baetidae , (Baetidae) Hydropsychidae (Hydropsychidae Chironomidae Simuliidae. Simuliidae . Simuliidae) Density groups region 37 139 y- (Baetidae 13

Resumen Objetivo: Estimar el coste hospitalario de una muestra de casos atendidos en siete hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud de diferentes ciudades españolas. Método: Estudio basado en 78 casos de enfermedad profesional reconocida por la Seguridad Social, atendidos en centros hospitalarios de Badalona, Barcelona, Ferrol, Gijón, Girona, Madrid y Vigo entre 2017 y 2019. Resultados: La actividad asistencial generada en estos hospitales para atender estos procesos supuso un coste total para el Sistema Nacional de Salud de 282.927 €. Conclusiones: Urge mejorar la coordinación entre los dos sistemas públicos de salud: la asistencia sanitaria de la Seguridad Social y el Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the hospital cost of a sample of cases treated in seven hospitals of the National Health System in several Spanish cities. Method: Study based on 78 cases of occupational disease recognized by the social security, and previously treated in hospitals in Badalona, Barcelona, Ferrol, Gijón, Girona, Madrid and Vigo between 2017 and 2019. Results: The healthcare activity generated by these hospitals to attend these processes involved a total cost of 282,927€. Conclusions: It is urgent to improve the coordination between the two public health systems, the social security health care system and the National Health System.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the hospital cost of a sample of cases treated in seven hospitals of the National Health System in several Spanish cities. Method: Study based on 78 cases of occupational disease recognized by the social security, and previously treated in hospitals in Badalona, Barcelona, Ferrol, Gijón, Girona, Madrid and Vigo between 2017 and 2019. Results: The healthcare activity generated by these hospitals to attend these processes involved a total cost of 282,927€. Conclusions: It is urgent to improve the coordination between the two public health systems, the social security health care system and the National Health System.

Resumen Objetivo: Estimar el coste hospitalario de una muestra de casos atendidos en siete hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud de diferentes ciudades españolas. Método: Estudio basado en 78 casos de enfermedad profesional reconocida por la Seguridad Social, atendidos en centros hospitalarios de Badalona, Barcelona, Ferrol, Gijón, Girona, Madrid y Vigo entre 2017 y 2019. Resultados: La actividad asistencial generada en estos hospitales para atender estos procesos supuso un coste total para el Sistema Nacional de Salud de 282.927 €. Conclusiones: Urge mejorar la coordinación entre los dos sistemas públicos de salud: la asistencia sanitaria de la Seguridad Social y el Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Abstract In this paper, diversity and composition of dung beetles assemblage was study in three urbanized areas with different ecological characteristics from Sucre department , Colombia. Individuals were captured with baited pitfall traps. Sampling effort, range-abundance curves, alpha and beta diversity indices were estimated and compared among the sites. Seven hundred ten individuals grouped into nine genera and 13 species were recorded. The completeness analysis yielded values above 97%. The most diverse assemblage in any of the three orders of "q" was found in the site with a mixture of buildings, gardens, and a patch of secondary vegetation forest, followed by the site with few facilities and open green spaces, and the least diverse site corresponded to the area surrounded by buildings with little vegetation cover. Sorensen-Dice index similarity among the three sites was 38%. The range-abundance curves showed higher species equitability in the most diverse site. The results show that the beetle assemblage composition depends on environmental conditions and the degree of urbanization. It was also evident that some species have high adaptability to urban spaces and others are potentially at risk of local extinction events.

Resumen En el presente trabajo se estudia la diversidad de escarabajos coprófagos en tres zonas urbanizadas del departamento de Sucre, Colombia, cada una con características ecológicas distintas. Los individuos fueron capturados con trampas de caída cebadas. Se analizaron el esfuerzo de muestreo, las curvas de rango-abundancia y los índices de diversidad alfa y beta. Se capturaron 710 individuos, agrupados en nueve géneros y 13 especies. El análisis de completitud arrojó valores por encima del 97%. El ensamble más diverso en cualquiera de los tres órdenes de “q” se encontró en la zona que alberga edificaciones, jardines y un parche de bosque de vegetación secundaria, seguido por una zona de pastizales, con pocas edificaciones; el ensamble de menor diversidad correspondió a la zona rodeada de edificaciones y con escasa cobertura vegetal. El índice de Sorensen-Dice arrojó una similitud total entre las tres zonas del 38%. Las curvas de rango-abundancia mostraron mayor equidad de especies en la zona más diversa. Los resultados indicaron que la composición del ensamble de escarabajos depende de las condiciones ambientales y el grado de urbanización. Así mismo, se evidenció que algunas especies pueden tener alta adaptabilidad y que algunas de ellas corren el riesgo potencial de presentar eventos de extinción local.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the virtual learning environment as a distance education modality has become a necessity for universities, which takes advantage of advances in information technology and communications to guarantee dynamic learning, in which the student is an active entity. Given the epidemiological contingency of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is of great importance to guarantee the continuity of the teaching process. Objective: to report the experience of the virtual learning environment in the subject of Medical Genetics for the fourth semester students of the Medicine career at the Finlay-Albarrán Faculty that was developed during the period of confrontation with the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: a qualitative paradigm design of the exploratory research level was applied, in which a case study is carried out. Results: in the first stage, the blended learning modality was used, after creating the virtual learning environment on the Moodle platform; most of its computer tools were applied, such as the discussion forum, the chat, multiple choice exam, among others. In the second stage, the e-learning modality was applied and a WhatsApp group was created to give continuity to the process. In the third stage, the face-to-face modality was re-established, emphasizing the integration of knowledge from the perspective of topic 8. Conclusion: virtual distance education guaranteed the continuity of the teaching process of the subject of medical genetics during the period epidemiological emergency of COVID-19.

RESUMEN Introducción: el entorno virtual de aprendizaje como modalidad de educación a distancia, se ha convertido en una necesidad para las universidades pues aprovecha los avances de las tecnologías de la informática y las comunicaciones para garantizar un aprendizaje dinámico, en el cual el estudiante es un ente activo. Ante la contingencia epidemiológica de la COVID-19, cobra gran importancia para garantizar la continuidad del proceso docente. Objetivo: relatar la experiencia del entorno virtual de aprendizaje en la asignatura Genética médica, para estudiantes del cuarto semestre de la carrera de Medicina de la Facultad Finlay-Albarrán, durante el período de enfrentamiento a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: se aplicó un diseño de paradigma cualitativo, del nivel investigativo exploratorio, en el que se realiza un estudio de caso. Resultados: en la primera etapa se utilizó la modalidad del aprendizaje mixto, previa creación del entorno virtual de aprendizaje en la plataforma Moodle. En ella se aplicaron la mayoría de sus herramientas informáticas como el foro de discusión, el chat, el examen tipo test, entre otros. En la segunda etapa, se aplicó la modalidad e-learning y se creó un grupo WhatsApp para darle continuidad al proceso. En la tercera etapa se re-estableció la modalidad presencial, haciendo énfasis en la integración de los conocimientos desde la perspectiva del tema 8. Conclusión: la educación a distancia virtual, garantizó la continuidad del proceso docente de la asignatura Genética médica durante el periodo de emergencia epidemiológica por la COVID-19.

Abstract Coleoptera is one of the most diverse orders on the planet, and Colombia one of the most biodiverse countries. The combination of these two factors determines with no discussion a high concentration of species, with only partially known consequences in the country. In this work we describe the current state of knowledge about the diversity of coleopterans in Colombia, highlighting the role of entomological collections and the knowledge gaps to tackle the national beetle fauna. This contribution is a starting point for coleopterologists of Colombia to begin working together towards a broader and less fragmented knowledge of the natural history, systematics, ecology, and biogeography of the group.

Resumen Coleoptera es uno de los órdenes más diversos en el planeta y Colombia es uno de los países con mayor biodiversidad. La combinación de estos dos factores determina indiscutiblemente una elevada concentración de especies, cuyas consecuencias sólo se conocen parcialmente en el país. En este trabajo se presenta un ensayo sobre la diversidad de coleópteros en Colombia, resaltando el papel de las colecciones entomológicas y los vacíos de información a la hora de abordar la coleóptero-fauna nacional. Esta contribución constituye un punto de partida para que los coleopterólogos de Colombia comencemos a trabajar colectivamente hacia un conocimiento más amplio y menos fragmentado sobre la historia natural, sistemática, ecología y biogeografía del grupo.

Recognizing the role of technology in the development of medicine and the impact of telecommunication advances, we reflect on the meaning and ethics of the use of Telemedicine, both in its general dimension for the use and distribution of knowledge, as well as in the delivery of health actions, scientific research, and data management. Teleconsultation is discussed in greater detail, analyzing its process and application, reviewing its possible advantages and disadvantages, from the point of view of providers and patients. We highlight the need to carry out an appropriate evaluation of each instance, from the point of view of both the patient and the professional who uses it. The importance of maintaining a doctor-patient relationship in agreement with the nature and practice of Medicine, respecting people’s dignity, is emphasized. We mention the ethical conditions that must be bore in mind for the proper use of telemedicine. We discuss the eventual influence that this practice will have on the concept and practice of medical care, while suggesting the need to legislate on the matter.

ABSTRACT In the present work was evaluated the content of cadmium in soils, leaves, fresh almonds (testa and embryo), dried fermented almonds, cocoa liquor, and chocolate bars with 70% cocoa, two provinces (Bellavista and Huallaga), and 5 locations (3 in Bellavista and 2 in Huallaga) of the San Martín Region. The cadmium content was determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, using a filtered sample obtained from 0.5 g of dry sample and 5 ml of perchloric nitric solution, after digestion; tests carried out in laboratories of the Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSM). The maximum values obtained for cadmium content (ppm) were: in soils, 0.960; in sheets 0.780; in testa and cotyledon 0.098; in fermented and dried almonds 0.075; in cocoa liquor, 0.210; in chocolate tablets with 70% cocoa 0.625. The correlation coefficient (R2) for fermented and dried almonds, indicates that there is no significant difference between zones, while in cocoa liquor the Tingo de Saposoa sample was statistically different (p<0.05), all values being below the maximum allowable. The increase in the content of cadmium in chocolate may be due to complementary ingredients (milk, panela) or to the processing equipment used.

RESUMEN El contenido de cadmio en suelos, hojas, almendras frescas (testa y embrión), almendras fermentadas secas, licor de cacao y tabletas de chocolate con 70 % de cacao, de dos provincias (Bellavista y Huallaga) y cinco localidades (3 en Bellavista y 2 en Huallaga) de la Región San Martín, fue evaluado en el presente trabajo. El contenido de cadmio se determinó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, utilizando muestra filtrada obtenida de 0,5 g de muestra seca y 5 ml de solución nítrica perclórica, previa digestión; ensayos realizados en laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSM). Los valores máximos obtenidos para contenido de cadmio (ppm) fueron: en suelos, 0,960; en hojas 0,780; en testa y cotiledón 0,098; en almendras fermentadas y secas 0,075; en licor de cacao, 0,210; en tabletas de chocolate al 70 % de cacao 0,625. El coeficiente de correlación (R2) para almendras fermentadas y secas indica que no existe diferencia significativa entre zonas, mientras que en licor de cacao la muestra de Tingo de Saposoa fue estadísticamente diferente (p<0,05), estando todos los valores por debajo del máximo permisible. El incremento del contenido de cadmio en chocolate puede deberse a los ingredientes complementarios (leche, panela) o al equipo de procesamiento utilizado.

Resumen El 11 de marzo del 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró la pandemia por el brote de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Los primeros datos acerca de las manifestaciones clínicas provienen de estudios retrospectivos de Wuhan, China, epicentro de la pandemia; además del compromiso respiratorio, se ha descrito la afectación del sistema gastrointestinal. Aunque no está del todo claro el porqué del tropismo de COVID-19 por el tracto gastrointestinal, se ha demostrado que la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ECA2), la cual tiene una alta expresión en el sistema gastrointestinal, es empleada como receptor de entrada del virus. Se ha logrado documentar la posibilidad de trasmisión fecal-oral luego de demostrar la existencia del virus en las heces, incluso hasta dentro de 7-12 días después de la conversión negativa en la muestra faríngea, independientemente de la presencia o no de síntomas gastrointestinales. La afectación del sistema gastrointestinal en pacientes con infección por COVID-19 no es infrecuente; los datos reportan que los pacientes con síntomas gastrointestinales tienen un peor pronóstico. El conocimiento de estas manifestaciones nos permite aumentar la sospecha clínica y, de esta manera, establecer diagnósticos tempranos.

Abstract The World´s Heath Organization (WHO) declared the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 a pandemic in March 11 2020. The first data about the disease clinical features were reported from Wuhan China the epicenter of the outbreak; aside from the respiratory involvement, gastrointestinal manifestations have been described. Even though the exact mechanism for the new coronavirus tropism for the gastrointestinal tract is not well understood, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor seems to play an important role as the entry site for the virus, since it is widespread located throughout the enteric mucosa. Fecal oral transmission is a possible contagion route, regardless of the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, the virus has been isolated from feces even 7-12 days after a negative pharyngeal swab. COVID’s-19 gastrointestinal involvement is not an infrequent event, data reports patients who present with these symptoms have worst prognosis. Knowing the possible gastrointestinal manifestations might rise our clinical suspicion in order to establish earlier and timely diagnosis.

ABSTRACT We analyzed the presence of the mcr-1 gene in 165 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) obtained during 2017, from blood (40), urine (57), lower respiratory secretions (12) and rectal swabs (56) of patients hospitalized in the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (Peru). Antimicrobial identification and susceptibility were determined by the Phoenix M50 automated system; colistin resistance by Colistin Agar-Spot (CAS); mrc-1 detection by colistin pre-diffusion and inhibition with EDTA test (CPD-E) and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that from the 165 ESBL-PE, 25 were positive for mcr-1 by the CPD-E method and confirmed by PCR. Colistin resistance was found in 20/165 by using the CAS method. Additionally, they showed resistance to fluoroquinolones and gentamicin, while remaining sensitive to amikacin; two isolates presented metallo-carbapenemases. Obtaining data on resistance to last-line antimicrobials (colistin) is crucial to establish measures for its control.

RESUMEN Se analizó la presencia del gen mcr-1 en 165 enterobacterales productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (EP-BLEE) recuperados en 2017 de sangre (40), orina (57), secreciones respiratorias bajas (12) e hisopados rectales (56) de pacientes hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (Perú). La identificación y la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se determinaron por el sistema automatizado Phoenix M50; la resistencia a colistina por Colistin Agar-Spot (CAS); la detección de mrc-1 por el método fenotípico de predifusión de colistina e inhibición con EDTA (CPD-E) y por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, por sus siglas en inglés). De los 165 EP-BLEE 25 fueron positivos para mcr-1 por el método CPD-E y se confirmó por PCR. Por el método CAS, 20/165 fueron resistentes a colistina. Además, mostraron resistencia a las fluoroquinolonas y a la gentamicina, y permanecieron sensibles a la amikacina; dos aislamientos presentaron metalocarbapenemasas. La obtención de datos sobre la resistencia a antimicrobianos considerados de última línea (colistina) es crucial para establecer medidas para su control.