Abstract Invasive non-native freshwater mollusks are a growing concern in South America, with 16 species already recorded in the region. Among them, Sinotaia quadrata has only been documented in Argentina, for the first time in the Punilla Valley, Córdoba (2009) and La Plata, Buenos Aires (since 2015). In this study, we report the presence of S. quadrata in two additional areas, the Río de la Plata River and a stream (unnamed) in the Paraná River basin, two of the most significant rivers in South America, located in the provinces of Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos, respectively. These new records confirm the invasive nature of this species, which has also been identified in Europe, the United States, and Africa in recent years. The findings of this study highlight the need for continued monitoring and management of invasive species in South America’s freshwater ecosystems. nonnative non native America 1 region them Argentina Valley 2009 (2009 since 2015. 2015 . 2015) S areas unnamed (unnamed basin Ríos respectively Europe States years Americas s ecosystems 200 (200 201 20 (20 2 (2 (

ABSTRACT The areas of Amazonian floodplains have added ecological value to their multiple ecosystem services, including water supply, local climate regulation, biodiversity with a marked number of endemic species, and diversity of micro-habitat. Considering the importance of conserving these environments, this study aimed to analyze the behavior and delimit the areas of the natural distribution of forest species Alchornea castaneifolia (Willd.) A. Juss and Laetia corymbulosa (lowland low), Maquira coriacea (H.Karst.) C.C. Berg (Moraceae), and Ocotea cymbarum Kunth (high floodplain), besides evaluating the potential impacts of climate change on the future distribution inferring on its conservation. The potential species distribution was modeled using Environmental Modelling & Software, by employing algorithms such as Bioclim, Domain, Maximum Entropy, Random Forests, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The projections indicate that climate change threatens the occurrence of floodplain species. Under the SSP 585 scenario for both periods, the four species studied will lose areas of climatic adequacy until the end of the 21st century, especially in the Brazilian Amazon. The study shows the need to increase socio-environmental responsibility through conserving current protected areas in freshwater ecosystems and implementing new priority areas for conserving wetlands (Ramsar Sites) in the Amazon. Such measures are essential to ensure in situ conservation and protect them from habitat loss. services supply regulation microhabitat. microhabitat micro habitat. micro-habitat environments Willd. Willd (Willd. A lowland low, low , low) H.Karst. HKarst H Karst (H.Karst. CC C C.C Moraceae, Moraceae (Moraceae) high floodplain, floodplain) Software Bioclim Domain Entropy Forests SVM. SVM . (SVM) 58 periods st century Amazon socioenvironmental socio environmental Ramsar Sites loss (Willd H.Karst (H.Karst (Moraceae (SVM 5

RESUMO As áreas de várzeas amazônicas possuem valor ecológico agregado aos seus múltiplos serviços ecossistêmicos, incluindo o abastecimento de água, regulagem do clima local, biodiversidade com um número acentuado de espécies endêmicas e com diversidade de micro-habitat. Considerando a importância da conservação desses ambientes, este estudo objetivou analisar o comportamento e delimitar as áreas de distribuição natural das espécies florestais Alchornea castaneifolia (Willd.) A. Juss e Laetia corymbulosa (várzea baixa) e Maquira coriacea (H. Karst.) C.C. Berg (Moraceae) e Ocotea cymbarum Kunth (várzea alta), além de avaliar os impactos potenciais das mudanças climáticas sobre a distribuição futura, inferindo sobre a sua conservação. A modelagem de distribuição potencial das espécies foi feita com o uso do Environmental Modelling & Software, a partir dos algoritmos como: Bioclim, Domain, Maximum Entropy, Random Forests e Support Vector Machine (SVM). As projeções indicam que as mudanças climáticas representam ameaça à ocorrência das espécies de várzea. Sob o cenário SSP 585 para ambos os períodos, as quatro espécies estudadas perderão áreas de adequação climática até o final do século XXI, principalmente, na Amazônia brasileira. O estudo mostra a necessidade de aumentar a responsabilidade socioambiental para conservação das áreas protegidas atuais em ecossistemas de água doce e, implementar novas áreas prioritárias para a conservação de zonas úmidas (Sítios Ramsar) na Amazônia. Tais medidas são fundamentais para garantir a conservação in situ e protegê-las de uma perda de habitat. ecossistêmicos local microhabitat. microhabitat micro habitat micro-habitat ambientes Willd. Willd (Willd. várzea baixa H. H (H Karst. Karst CC C C.C Moraceae (Moraceae alta, alta , alta) futura Software como Bioclim Domain Entropy SVM. SVM . (SVM) 58 períodos XXI principalmente brasileira Sítios Ramsar protegêlas protegê las (Willd (SVM 5

RESUMO O objetivo é quantificar os valores das diferentes cores obtidas em argilas com adições. Exploramos a apreciação estética de diferentes adições e porcentagens de argilas do Banco Santiago Undameo, no México. As adições são gesso, lima, mucilagem de cítrica de opuntia, cimento portland e hidróxido de sódio; os percentuais em peso da argila são 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10%; os melhores comportamentos colorimétricos foram obtidos a partir de cimento portland a 6%, hidróxido de sódio a 4%, lima e gesso a 8% e mucilagem de branco opuntia cactus com porcentagem de 4% e 8%. Alguns edifícios onde esses materiais de argila foram utilizados são: Casas grandes en Paquimé, Chihuahua, La Venta en Tabasco, Yácatas en Tzintzuntzan, entre outros.

ABSTRACT The objective of this investigation was to quantify the colorimetric values of clay with different types of additives. Aesthetic appreciation, based on the color of clay with different addition percentages (by clay mass), is explored using clay from the Santiago Undameo Bank, Mexico. The clay was kaolinite, and the additions were gypsum, lime, opuntia cactus mucilage, Portland cement, and sodium hydroxide. The addition percentages were 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. The best colorimetric performances were obtained from Portland cement at 6%, sodium hydroxide at 4%, lime and gypsum at 8% and opuntia cactus mucilage at 4% and 8%. Some buildings where these clay materials were used are Casas grandes in Paquimé, Chihuahua, La Venta in Tabasco, and Yácatas in Tzintzuntzan, among others.

RESUMEN El objetivo es cuantificar los valores de los diferentes colores obtenidos en arcillas con adiciones, comparados contra una arcilla base. Se explora la apreciación estética, en base al color de las arcillas con diferentes adiciones usando arcilla del Banco Santiago Undameo, México. Las adiciones son yeso, cal, mucílago de cactus opuntia, cemento portland e hidróxido de sodio. Los porcentajes en peso fueron 2, 4, 6, 8 y 10%. Los mejores comportamientos colorimétricos fueron los resultados obtenidos del cemento portland al 6%, hidróxido de sodio al 4%, cal y yeso al 8% y mucílago de cactus opuntia blanco con porcentajes al 4 y 8%. Algunas construcciones donde se emplearon estos materiales arcillosos son: Casas Grandes en Paquimé, Chihuahua, La Venta en Tabasco; Yácatas en Tzintzuntzán, entre otros.

Introduction: The aetiological study of infections of the central nervous system has traditionally been performed using bacterial cultures and, more recently, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for herpes simplex virus (HSV). Bacterial cultures may not have good performance, especially in the context of patients who have received antibiotics prior to sampling, and a request for HSV only by PCR reduces the information to only one aetiological agent. The aim of this study is to determine the infectious causes of meningitis and encephalitis, using traditional microbiology and molecular biology to improve the aetiological diagnosis of these diseases. Patients and method: A prospective study was conducted on 19 patients with suspected meningitis, admitted to the Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital in Santiago, Chile, from March 1, 2011 to March 30, 2012. After obtaining informed consent, the CSF samples underwent cytochemical study, conventional culture, multiplex PCR for the major producing bacterial meningitis (N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae), real-time single PCR for HSV-1 and 2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6 and enterovirus. Clinical and epidemiological data were also collected from the clinical records. Results: Of the 19 patients analysed, 2 were diagnosed by conventional methods and 7 by adding molecular biology (increase to 37%). Three patients had meningitis due to S. pneumoniae, one due to Enterobacter cloacae, 2 patients meningoencephalitis HSV-1, and one VZV meningitis. Conclusions: The addition of PCR to conventional diagnostic methods in CNS infections increases the probability of finding the causal agent. This allows a more adequate, timely and rational management of the disease.

Introducción: El estudio etiológico de las infecciones del sistema nervioso central se ha realizado tradicionalmente con cultivos bacterianos y con reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para virus herpes simple (VHS). Los cultivos bacterianos pueden disminuir su rendimiento en pacientes que hayan usado antibióticos previos a la toma de muestra, y el solicitar PCR solo para virus VHS reduce el diagnóstico etiológico a un solo agente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las causas infecciosas en meningitis y encefalitis en niños, utilizando conjuntamente la microbiología convencional y la biología molecular, con el fin de mejorar el diagnóstico etiológico de estas enfermedades. Pacientes y método: Se estudiaron 19 pacientes con sospecha de meningitis y encefalitis, de manera prospectiva, hospitalizados en el hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna en Santiago de Chile, entre el 1 de marzo de 2011 y el 30 de marzo de 2012. Luego de obtener el consentimiento informado, a las muestras de LCR se les realizó examen citoquímico, cultivo, PCR múltiple bacteriana (N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae) y PCR en tiempo real para HSV-1 y 2, VVZ, VEB, CMV, VHH-6 y enterovirus. Se recabaron datos clínicos y epidemiológicos desde la ficha clínica del paciente. Resultados: De los 19 pacientes analizados 2 (10%) fueron diagnosticados por métodos microbiológicos convencionales y 7 (37%) al adicionar biología molecular (p = 0,02). Tres pacientes presentaron meningitis por S. pneumoniae, uno por Enterobacter cloacae, 2 pacientes meningoencefalitis por VHS-1 y uno meningitis por VVZ. Conclusiones: La adición de la PCR a los métodos microbiológicos convencionales de diagnóstico en las infecciones del sistema nervioso central aumenta significativamente la probabilidad de detectar el agente causal. La incorporación rutinaria del diagnóstico molecular permitiría un manejo más oportuno y racional.

A study was carry out to characterize the phenotypic, productive and reproductive traits of the white Creole goat of the "Filo Mayor" from the Sierra Madre del Sur in the Guerrero State, Mexico ((17º 39'N and 99º 50'W). White and bay or cream coats were the predominant colors (94.8%), while horns were present in most bucks and goats with only 7.4% of the animals hornless. Goats showed spherical (52.8%) and elongated (47.2%), whereas males presented lobular t (46.2%) or bipartite (53.8%) testicles. Most animals (90.4%) exhibited rectum profile and erected ears . Adult male weight was of 68.0 ± 2.1 kg, and height to wither and thoracic perimeter was 78.8 ± 3.7 cm and 88.5 ± 1.5 cm, respectively; whereas adult does weighted 43.0 ± 3.2 kg, with height to withers of 68.8 ± 2.7 cm and a thoracic perimeter of 80.7 ± 3.4 cm. Fertility rate and litter size were 61.4% and 1.6 ± 0.12 kid/kidding doe, respectively, with a 8.7% of abortions. Birth weight (regardless of sex and litter size) was 2.9 ± 0.13 kg, weight at 100 d age was of 14.3 ± 1.2 kg, with a daily weight gain from birth to weaning of 159.0 ± 0.15 g. Daily milk production was of 785 ± 36 g, with a pick yield at three and four weeks of lactation (800 g), that descend later constantly until the 14 week (400 g). Gestation length was 168.6 ± 2.21 d and the kidding to first estrous postpartum interval was 136.3 ± 30 d. Estrous cycles <17 d were not observed, with a higher proportion of cycles ranging from 17 to 25 d (55.2%) and greater to 25 d (44.8%). Goat showed a high proportion of estrus periods <36 h. It was concluded that this caprine group studied have a reproductive and productive performance and typical phenotypic characteristics quite different to another Creole goats from this area and the other regions from Mexico, but a lot like to the traits informed for its ancestor, the Spanish Celtiberic goat.

Con el objetivo de hacer una caracterización fenotípica y de determinar parámetros productivos y reproductivos de la cabra blanca Criolla del "Filo Mayor" en la Sierra Madre del Sur, estado de Guerrero, se llevó a cabo el presente estudio en el municipio de Leonardo Bravo a 17º 39'N y 99º 50'O y en el Colegio Superior Agropecuario del Estado de Guerrero (CSAEGRO) ubicado a 14.5 km de Iguala, Gro., a 18º 15' N y 99º 39' O. Los colores de pelo predominantes en las cabras fueron el blanco y el bayo o crema (94.8%); la presencia de cuernos fue común en machos y hembras y sólo un 7.4% de éstas no los presentó. Las cabras presentaron ubres esféricas (52.8%) y alargadas (47.2%), mientras que los machos cabríos presentaron testículos lobulares (46.2%) y bipartidos (53.8%). Predominaron cabras con perfil recto y orejas erectas (90.4%). El peso de los machos cabríos adultos fue de 68.0 ± 2.1 kg, con una altura a la cruz de 78.8 ± 3.7 cm y un perímetro torácico de 88.5 ± 1.5 cm. Las cabras adultas presentaron un peso de 43.0 ± 3.2 kg, una altura a la cruz de 68.8 ± 2.7 cm y un perímetro torácico de 80.7 ± 3.4 cm. La tasa de fertilidad e índice de prolificidad fueron de 61.4% y 1.6 ± 0.12 crías por parto, respectivamente, con un 8.7% de abortos. El peso al nacimiento de los cabritos (sin considerar sexo ni tipo de parto) fue de 2.9 ± 0.13 kg; en tanto que el peso a los 100 d de edad fue de 14.3 ± 1.2 kg, con ganancias diarias de peso del nacimiento al destete de 159.0 ± 0.15 g. La producción de leche por día fue de 785.0 ± 35.9 g y la curva de lactancia registró un pico en las semanas 3 y 4 (800 g) para después descender en forma constante hasta la semana 14 (400 g). La duración de la gestación fue de 168.6 ± 2.21 d, con un periodo parto-primer estro de 136.3 ± 30 d. La ocurrencia de ciclos estrales menores a 17 días fue nula, con una alta proporción de ciclos de entre 17 a 25 d (55.2%) y mayores de 25 d (44.8%); asimismo la cabra en estudio presentó alta proporción de celos menores de 36 h (81.0%). Se concluye que el grupo caprino estudiado presenta características fenotípicas y de comportamiento productivo y reproductivo propios, que la diferencian de otros grupos caprinos Criollos de la región y del país, pero que son parecidos a los rasgos informados para uno de sus posibles antecesores, la cabra Celtibérica de España.

Predicitve models have become an efficient tool as long as common sense and the experience in its use prevail. A prospective longitudinal cohort inference study was conducted at the Intensive Care Unit of "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" Military Central Hospital. The analyzed variables were those included in the system of Evaluation of the Acute and Chronic Physiological State (APACHE II). Their value, the prediction-death ratio, and the adjusted prediction-death ratio were calculated at 24 and 48 hours. The calibration was compared by using the Chi square test, and the discrimination by comparing the area under the odds curve (ROC). Values over 30 points demonstrated more than 80 % of death probability. The figure of 40 points or more proved to be 100 % fatal in the study. The APACHE II system showed better calibration and discrimination at 24 hours than at 48 hours (p<0.05).

Los modelos predictivos se han convertido en una herramienta eficaz siempre que prime el sentido común y la experiencia en su uso. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo longitudinal de tipo cohorte e inferencial en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de adultos del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto". Las variables objeto de estudio son las comprendidas en el Sistema de Evaluación del Estado Fisiológico Agudo y Crónico (APACHE II), calculándose su valor, razón de predicción-muerte y la razón de predicción-muerte ajustada, tanto a las 24 como a las 48 h. La calibración fue comparada utilizando los estadísticos chi cuadrado, y la discriminación comparando el área bajo la curva de probabilidad (ROC). Valores superiores a 30 puntos demostraron más del 80 % de probabilidad de muerte; la cifra de 40 puntos o más fue 100 % fatal en el estudio; el sistema APACHE II demostró mejor calibración y discriminación a las 24 h que a las 48 h (p<0,05).