Abstract Studies have highlighted numerous benefits of ozone therapy in the field of medicine and dentistry, including its antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogenic microorganisms, its ability to modulate the immune system effectively, reduce inflammation, prevent hypoxia, and support tissue regeneration. However, its effects on dental extraction healing remain to be elucidated. Objective Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemically administered ozone (O3) at different doses in the healing of dental extraction sockets in rats. Methodology To this end, 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups after extraction of the right upper central incisor: Group C – control, no systemic treatment; Group OZ0.3 – animals received a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg O3; Group OZ0.7 – a single dose of 0.7 mg/kg O3; and Group OZ1.0 – a single dose of 1.0 mg/kg O3, intraperitoneally. In total, six animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days after the commencement of treatment. Bone samples were harvested and further analyzed by descriptive histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) protein expression. Results All applied doses of O3 were shown to increase the percentage of bone tissue (PBT) after 21 days compared to group C. After 14 days, the OZ0.7 and OZ1.0 groups showed significantly higher PBT when compared to group C. The OZ1.0 group presented the most beneficial results regarding PBT among groups, which denotes a dose-dependent response. OCN immunostaining was higher in all groups at 21 days. However, after seven and 14 days, the OZ1.0 group showed a significant increase in OCN immunostaining compared to C group. No differences in TRAP+ osteoclasts were found between groups and time points. Conclusion Therefore, O3 therapy at higher doses might be beneficial for bone repair of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction. dentistry microorganisms effectively inflammation hypoxia regeneration However elucidated Therefore O (O3 end 7 incisor control treatment OZ03 OZ OZ0 3 OZ0. 03 0 0. mgkg mg kg OZ07 07 OZ10 OZ1 OZ1. 10 1 1. intraperitoneally total 2 histology histomorphometry (OCN tartrateresistant tartrate resistant TRAP (TRAP expression (PBT dosedependent dependent response points (O

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da atorvastatina, administrada tanto local quanto sistemicamente, em defeitos críticos na calvária de ratos. Trinta e seis ratos adultos foram randomicamente divididos em três grupos, com todos os defeitos ósseos cobertos por uma membrana de colágeno. Os grupos receberam diferentes tratamentos: água destilada (GAD), onde as membranas foram embebidas em água destilada; aplicação sistêmica de atorvastatina (GAS) numa dose de 3,6mg/kg/dia por gavagem; e aplicação local de atorvastatina (GAL). Após 14 e 28 dias, todos os animais foram sacrificados, e várias análises foram conduzidas, incluindo análise histométrica, medição do defeito residual linear, avaliação da área de osso recém-formado, determinação da área de membrana e tecido mole, contagem de células e análise imunohistoquímica. O grupo GAS apresentou uma redução significativa no defeito residual em comparação com os outros grupos (p<0.05) e um menor número de osteócitos (p<0.05) em comparação com os outros grupos. No dia 28, os grupos GAL e GAS exibiram um maior número de células inflamatórias em comparação com o GAD (p<0.05). A imunomarcação de CD31 foi semelhante para ambos os grupos, mas no caso da osteocalcina, houve um aumento significativo na marcação para os grupos GAS e GAL entre os dias 14 e 28 pós-operatórios (p<0.05). Em conclusão, a atorvastatina sistêmica demonstrou uma osteogênese aprimorada em defeitos críticos na calvária de ratos, sugerindo sua eficácia na promoção da regeneração óssea sem exercer um efeito anti-inflamatório notável. sistemicamente colágeno tratamentos GAD, , (GAD) (GAS 36mgkgdia mgkgdia 3 6mg kg mg gavagem GAL. . (GAL) 1 2 sacrificados conduzidas histométrica linear recémformado, recémformado recém formado, formado recém-formado mole imunohistoquímica p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.05 p<0.05. CD CD3 osteocalcina pósoperatórios pós operatórios conclusão antiinflamatório anti inflamatório notável (GAD (GAL p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p<0. p0 (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the impact of atorvastatin, administered both locally and systemically, on critical defects in the calvaria of rats. Thirty-six adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups, with all bone defects covered by a collagen membrane. The groups received different treatments: distilled water (GAD), where membranes were soaked in distilled water; systemic application of atorvastatin (GAS) at a dosage of 3.6mg/kg/day through gavage; and local application of atorvastatin (GAL). After 14 and 28 days, all animals were euthanized, and various assessments were conducted, including histometric analysis, measurement of linear residual defect, evaluation of newly formed bone area, determination of membrane and soft tissue area, cell count, and immunohistochemical analysis. Group GAS exhibited a significant reduction in residual defect compared to the other groups (p<0.05) and a lower number of osteocytes (p<0.05) in comparison with other groups. On day 28, both GAL and GAS groups showed a higher number of inflammatory cells compared to GAD (p<0.05). Immunolabeling of CD31 was similar for both groups, but in the case of osteocalcin, there was a significant increase in labeling for groups GAS and GAL between days 14 and 28 postoperative (p<0.05). In conclusion, systemic atorvastatin demonstrated enhanced osteogenesis in critical calvaria defects in rats, suggesting its efficacy in promoting bone regeneration without exerting a notable anti-inflammatory effect. systemically Thirtysix Thirty six treatments GAD, , (GAD) (GAS 36mgkgday mgkgday 3 6mg kg mg gavage GAL. . (GAL) 1 2 euthanized conducted analysis area count p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.05 p<0.05. CD CD3 osteocalcin conclusion antiinflammatory anti effect (GAD (GAL p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p<0. p0 (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação comparativa de dois diferentes substitutos ósseos xenogênicos na consolidação óssea de defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico (Ø = 5 mm) criados em calvária de ratos. Trinta animais foram randomizados em 3 grupos: no grupo controle (n=10), os defeitos foram preenchidos com coágulos sanguíneos; no grupo BO (n=10), os defeitos foram preenchidos com substituto ósseo medular bovino (Bio-Oss®) e no grupo BF (n=10), os defeitos foram preenchidos com substituto ósseo cortical bovino (Bonefill®). Todos os defeitos foram cobertos com membrana absorvível. Cinco animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados aos 30 e 45 dias de pós-operatório, logo após foram realizadas análises histomorfométricas e imuno-histoquímicas. A histomorfometria foi utilizada para mensurar a porcentagem de neoformação óssea na área total do defeito original enquanto a imunohistoquímica avaliou a expressão de imunomarcadores ósseos para proteína morfogenética óssea 2/4 (BMP2/4), osteocalcina (OCN) e fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato (TRAP). Todos os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo BO apresentou maior formação óssea em comparação ao grupo BF aos 30 dias (P<0,05). No entanto, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos controle e BO aos 30 dias (P>0,05). As expressões de OCN e BMP2/4 foram maiores no grupo BO aos 45 dias em comparação ao BF aos 30 e 45 dias respectivamente (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que mesmo com a diferença da alta expressão de proteínas relacionadas a formação óssea, ambos os biomateriais não demonstraram diferenças na indução de formação óssea após 45 dias pós-operatório. Ø mm ratos n=10, n10 n n=10 , 10 (n=10) sanguíneos BioOss® BioOss Bio Oss® Oss (Bio-Oss® Bonefill®. Bonefill Bonefill® . (Bonefill®) absorvível 4 pósoperatório, pósoperatório pós operatório, operatório pós-operatório imunohistoquímicas. imunohistoquímicas imuno histoquímicas. histoquímicas imuno-histoquímicas 24 2 2/ BMP2/4, BMP24 BMP BMP2 (BMP2/4) (OCN TRAP. TRAP (TRAP) 5% P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 0 05 (P<0,05) entanto P>0,05. P>0,05 (P>0,05) BMP2/ Concluiuse Concluiu se pósoperatório. operatório. n1 n=1 1 (n=10 (Bio-Oss (Bonefill® (BMP2/4 (TRAP P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 P>0,0 (P>0,05 n= (n=1 (Bonefill (BMP2/ P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P>0, (P>0,0 (n= (BMP2 P<0 (P<0, P>0 (P>0, (n (BMP P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

Abstract The purpose of this study was to provide an evaluation of two different xenogeneic bone substitutes in bone healing of critical-sized bone defects (Ø =5mm) created in rats calvaria. Thirty animals were randomized into 3 groups with one of the following treatments. In the control group (n=10), the defects were filled with blood clots; BO group (n=10), the defects were filled with bovine medullary bone substitute (Bio-Oss®); BF group (n=10), the defects were filled with bovine cortical bone substitute (Bonefill®). All defects were covered with an absorbable membrane. Five animals from each group were euthanized at 30 and 45 days, subsequently histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The histomorphometry was used to measure the percentage of new bone formation in the total area of the defect while the immunohistochemistry evaluated the expression of bone immunomarkers for bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP2/4), osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Data was statistically analyzed with a 5% significance level. The results demonstrated that the BO group showed greater bone formation compared to the BF group at 30 days (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and BO groups at 30 days (P>0.05). The expression of BMP2/4 and OCN were higher in the BO group at 45 days compared to the BF at 30 and 45 days respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, even with the higher expression of proteins related to bone formation, there was no difference in new bone formation at 45 days when both anorganic bovine xenogenous grafts were evaluated. criticalsized critical sized Ø =5mm 5mm mm calvaria treatments n=10, n10 n n=10 , 10 (n=10) clots BioOss® BioOss Bio Oss® Oss (Bio-Oss®) Bonefill®. Bonefill Bonefill® . (Bonefill®) membrane 4 performed 24 2 2/ BMP2/4, BMP24 BMP BMP2 (BMP2/4) (OCN tartrateresistant tartrate resistant TRAP. TRAP (TRAP) 5 level P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 0 05 (P<0.05) However P>0.05. P>0.05 (P>0.05) BMP2/ conclusion n1 n=1 1 (n=10 (Bio-Oss® (Bonefill® (BMP2/4 (TRAP P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 P>0.0 (P>0.05 n= (n=1 (Bio-Oss (Bonefill (BMP2/ P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P>0. (P>0.0 (n= (BMP2 P<0 (P<0. P>0 (P>0. (n (BMP P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

Resumo Introdução A periodontite é um indicador de risco para pacientes hipertensos, e há indicações de que a inflamação sistêmica está associada a ambas as condições. Objetivo Investigar o impacto da terapia periodontal não cirúrgica (TPNC) na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em pacientes com hipertensão arterial refratária e periodontite. Material e método 27 participantes com hipertensão arterial refratária e periodontite estágio III e IV, grau B receberam a TPNC. Os parâmetros clínicos periodontais avaliados foram profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível de inserção clínica (NIC), sangramento à sondagem (SS) e índice de placa (IP). A qualidade de vida foi mensurada através do questionário Oral Health Impact Profie (OHIP-14). No período de acompanhamento foram avaliados vinte e quatro participantes aos 90 dias e vinte e dois aos 180 dias. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística (α=5%). Resultado Os parâmetros clínicos periodontais PS, SS e IP apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os períodos avaliados. A pontuação da soma dos escores do OHIP-14 foi significativamente menor aos 180 dias após o tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que houve melhora da qualidade de vida nos subdomínios de “dor física”, “deficiência psicológica” e “deficiência social” aos 180 dias pós-tratamento. Conclusão esses achados mostram o impacto positivo da TPNC na qualidade de vida de pacientes com hipertensão arterial refratária e periodontite. hipertensos condições (TPNC 2 IV PS , (PS) NIC, NIC (NIC) (SS IP. . (IP) OHIP14. OHIP14 OHIP 14 (OHIP-14) 9 18 α=5%. α5 α α=5% 5 (α=5%) OHIP-1 tratamento dor física, física física” deficiência psicológica social póstratamento. póstratamento pós pós-tratamento (PS (NIC (IP OHIP1 1 (OHIP-14 α=5 (α=5% OHIP- (OHIP-1 α= (α=5 (OHIP- (α= (OHIP (α

Abstract Introduction Periodontitis is a known risk factor for hypertensive subjects, with evidence suggesting that general inflammation is linked to both disorders. Objective To investigate the influence of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on the oral health-related quality of life in subjects with refractory arterial hypertension and periodontitis. Material and method 27 patients with refractory hypertension and stage III and/or IV, grade B periodontitis experienced NSPT. Clinical periodontal parameters, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP), and plaque index (PI), were assessed. Quality of life was assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14). During the follow-up, 24 participants were evaluated at 90 days, and 22 participants at 180 days. Data were analyzed statistically (α=5%). Result Substantial enhancements were detected in periodontal parameters PD, BoP, and PI across the evaluated periods. Additionally, the sum of OHIP-14 score was significantly reduced at 180 days post-treatment. Notably, responses related to the subdomains "physical pain," "psychological disability," and "social disability" indicated an improvement in quality of life after 180 days of treatment. Conclusion: These findings highlight the positive impact of NSPT on the quality of life of patients with refractory arterial hypertension and periodontitis. disorders nonsurgical non surgical (NSPT healthrelated health 2 andor or IV PD , (PD) CAL, CAL (CAL) BoP (BoP) PI, (PI) OHIP14. OHIP14 OHIP 14 . (OHIP-14) followup, followup follow up, up follow-up 9 18 α=5%. α5 α α=5% 5 (α=5%) periods Additionally OHIP-1 posttreatment. posttreatment post treatment post-treatment Notably physical pain, pain psychological disability, disability social Conclusion (PD (CAL (BoP (PI OHIP1 1 (OHIP-14 α=5 (α=5% OHIP- (OHIP-1 α= (α=5 (OHIP- (α= (OHIP (α

Abstract Surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, individually or in association, are current oncological treatments. Among the most used chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is an antimetabolite with a broad spectrum of action. This study evaluated the effects of probiotics (PRO) as an adjuvant to the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats immunosuppressed with 5FU. Methodology 108 rats were randomly allocated to six different groups: EP; SS – systemic treatment with saline solution (SS); 5FU – systemic treatment with 5FU; 5FU+PRO – systemic treatment with 5FU, followed by the local administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; 5FU+SRP – systemic treatment with 5-FU, followed by scaling and root planing (SRP); and 5FU+SRP+PRO – systemic treatment with 5FU followed by local treatments with SRP and PRO. Immunosuppression was obtained at two points: at the time of ligature installation and after 48 h. Six animals from each group were euthanized at seven, 15, and 30 d and hemimandibles were collected and processed for histopathological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (α=5%). Results At 7 d, the 5FU+PRO group showed less bone resorption and better structured connective tissue compared with the EP, SS, 5FU+SRP, and 5FU+SRP+PRO groups. At 15 d, the 5FU+SRP group showed a greater intensity of the inflammatory response (p<0.05). At 30 d, the 5FU+SRP+PRO group showed better structured bone tissue and a higher percentage of bone tissue (PBT) than the EP, SS, 5FU, and 5FU+PRO groups (p<0.05). Conclusion The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as monotherapy or as an adjuvant to periodontal therapy may have a positive effect on bone repair in immunosuppressed conditions. procedures radiotherapy association drugs 5fluorouracil fluorouracil 5 FU (5FU action PRO (PRO EP (EP 10 (SS) 5FUPRO FUPRO 5FUSRP FUSRP FU, 5-FU (SRP) 5FUSRPPRO FUSRPPRO points 4 h seven 3 histopathological histometric α=5%. α5 α α=5% . (α=5%) 1 p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) PBT (PBT conditions (SS (SRP α=5 (α=5% p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 α= (α=5 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 (α= p<0 (p<0. (α p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Introdução a demanda do cuidador em atender as necessidades de indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA), pode influenciar na sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a sobrecarga de cuidadores de indivíduos com TEA com indivíduos neurotípicos (N) e avaliar a correlação do impacto da saúde bucal com a sobrecarga desses cuidadores. Material e método os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo TEA (TEA; n=35) e Grupo Neurotípico (N; n=35). Foi aplicado aos cuidadores um questionário de características sociodemográficas. A sobrecarga dos cuidadores foi medida pelo questionário Burden Interview (BI). Foi analisado o índice de placa visível (IPV) das crianças. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística (α=5%). Resultado no grupo TEA a maioria dos participantes eram parcialmente dependentes, sendo a maioria dependentes na higienização bucal. No grupo N a maioria eram independentes e autossuficientes na higienização bucal. Metade dos cuidadores do grupo TEA apresentaram sobrecargas leve à moderada (54,3%). No grupo N constatou-se que a maioria enquadrava-se em nenhuma sobrecarga (65,7%). Na análise comparativa dos dados do questionário BI foram observadas diferenças significantes entre os grupos nas questões (p<0,001) que são diretamente relacionadas com os cuidados com os filhos. Com relação ao IPV das crianças do grupo TEA e N comparadas ao nível de sobrecarga, observou-se que não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Conclusão os cuidadores do grupo TEA apresentam maior sobrecarga quando comparados ao grupo N e não houve correlação entre a sobrecarga e o grau de higiene bucal. TEA, , (TEA) vida (N (TEA n=35 n35 n 35 n=35. . sociodemográficas BI. (BI) (IPV α=5%. α5 α α=5% 5 (α=5%) 54,3%. 543 54,3% 54 3 (54,3%) constatouse constatou se enquadravase enquadrava 65,7%. 657 65,7% 65 7 (65,7%) p<0,001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0,001 filhos observouse observou n=3 n3 (BI α=5 (α=5% 54,3 (54,3% 65,7 6 (65,7% p<0,00 p000 00 (p<0,00 n= α= (α=5 54, (54,3 65, (65,7 p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 (α= (54, (65, p<0, p0 (p<0, (α (54 (65 p<0 (p<0 (5 (6 p< (p< ( (p

Abstract Introduction the caregiver's demand to meet the needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can influence their quality of life. Objective the objective of the present study was to compare the burden on caregivers of individuals with ASD with individuals neurotypical (N) and to evaluate the correlation of the impact of oral health with the burden on these caregivers. Material and method participants were divided into two groups: ASD Group (ASD; n=35) and Neurotypical Group (N; n=35). A sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire was administered to caregivers. Caregiver burden was measured using the Burden Interview (BI) questionnaire. The visible plaque index (VPI) of children was analyzed. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (α=5%). Result in the group ASD, the majority of participants were partially dependent, with the majority being dependent on oral hygiene. In group N, the majority were independent and self-sufficient in oral hygiene. Half of the caregivers in the group ASD felt mild to moderate burden (54.3%), while in group N it was found that more than half of them had no burden (65.7%). In the comparative analysis of data from the BI questionnaire, significant differences were observed between the groups in questions (p <0.001), which are directly related to childcare. Regarding the VPI of children in the group ASD and N groups compared to the level of burden, it was observed that there were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion ASD caregivers have a greater burden when compared to N caregivers and the degree of burden did not influence the oral hygiene of the child with ASD. caregiver s (ASD life (N n=35 n35 n 35 n=35. . (BI (VPI analyzed α=5%. α5 α α=5% 5 (α=5%) selfsufficient self sufficient 54.3%, 543 54.3% , 54 3 (54.3%) 65.7%. 657 65.7% 65 7 (65.7%) p <0.001, 0001 <0.001 0 001 <0.001) childcare n=3 n3 α=5 (α=5% 54.3 (54.3% 65.7 6 (65.7% 000 <0.00 00 n= α= (α=5 54. (54.3 65. (65.7 <0.0 (α= (54. (65. <0. (α (54 (65 <0 (5 (6 < (

Resumo Introdução o transtorno do espectro autista é uma condição do neurodesenvolvimento que afeta o estabelecimento de vínculos e a comunicação. Cuidados odontológicos são mais difíceis em portadores desse transtorno, pois além da dificuldade de comunicação são comuns a não cooperação na higiene bucal e uso contínuo de medicamentos. Maior predisposição à cárie, alterações no fluxo e na concentração de proteínas salivares foram relatadas nesses indivíduos. Objetivo considerando que o gênero pode afetar fluxo salivar e concentração proteica, nosso objetivo foi analisar esses parâmetros na saliva de crianças com autismo. Material e método saliva total não estimulada foi obtida de 12 meninos e 12 meninas com idades entre 5 e 15 anos, com auxílio de um cateter, após 2 horas de jejum e higienização da cavidade bucal. O fluxo salivar foi determinado estimando-se a massa de saliva e o total de proteínas foi determinado no sobrenadante obtido após centrifugação a 10.000 x g, por 10 minutos, pelo método de Lowry, com albumina bovina como padrão. Os resultados foram expressos como média e desvio padrão, sendo submetidos aos testes de Shapiro-Wilk e Mann Whitney, com nível de significância em 5%. Resultado os valores de fluxo salivar não foram significativamente diferentes quando comparados meninos (0.3555 ± 0.24 ml/min) e meninas (0.2522 ± 0.1727 mL/min), bem como os valores de proteínas (meninos: 1.430 ± 0.7480 mg/mL; meninas 1,075 ± 0,3702 mg/mL). Conclusão em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista o gênero não influencia os valores de fluxo não estimulado e proteínas salivares.

Abstract Introduction autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects the establishment of bonds and communication. Dental care is more difficult for people with this disorder, because in addition to communication difficulties, non-cooperation with respect to oral hygiene and continuous use of medication are common. Greater predisposition to caries, as well as alterations in the flow and concentration of salivary proteins were reported in these individuals. Objective considering that sex can affect salivary flow and protein concentration, our objective was to analyze these parameters in the saliva of children with autism. Material and method total unstimulated saliva was obtained from 12 boys and 12 girls aged between 5 and 15 years, with the aid of a catheter, after 2 hours of fasting and oral hygiene. Salivary flow was determined by estimating the mass of saliva. Total protein was determined in the supernatant obtained after centrifugation at 10,000 x g, for 10 minutes, by the Lowry method, with bovine albumin as standard. The results are expressed as mean and standard deviation. The data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk and Mann Whitney tests, with a significance level of 5%. Result salivary flow values for boys (0.3555 ± 0.24 ml/min) and girls (0.2522 ± 0.1727 ml/min), and protein values for boys (1.430 ± 0.7480 mg/mL) and girls (1.075 ± 0.3702 mg/mL) were not significantly different between sexes. Conclusion in children with autism spectrum disorder, sex does not influence unstimulated flow and salivary protein values.

Resumo Introdução o nascimento de uma criança com deficiência intelectual exige dos pais a definição de suas funções em relação aos cuidados com a criança. Objetivo investigar o quanto as práticas de cuidados parentais, características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e o conhecimento familiar podem ter impacto na saúde bucal de crianças com deficiência intelectual na faixa etária de zero a seis anos de idade. Material e método foi avaliado o nível de ajuda cedida à criança na prática de higiene bucal de acordo com a escala de independência funcional adaptada. A Escala de Crenças Parentais e Práticas de Cuidado avaliou os cuidados primários e a estimulação oferecida à criança. Foram analisados a presença de placa dentária e o índice ceo-d. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultado a porcentagem relativa de placa dentária foi de 11,4%. O índice ceo-d foi de 2. A prevalência de dentes com extração indicada é maior em crianças que recebem ajuda total para higienização, quando comparadas as que recebem ajuda máxima, moderada ou supervisão. Níveis mais elevados de placa dentária e dentes cariados foram encontrados nas crianças cujos pais avaliaram a saúde dental como ruim, a higiene como deficiente e quando acreditavam que os filhos podem sentir desconforto em razão de seu estado de saúde bucal. Baixa frequência de estimulação resultou em maior índice de placa e número de dentes cariados. Conclusão a frequência de estimulação dos cuidados parentais influenciou na porcentagem do índice de placa e no número de dentes cariados nas crianças com deficiência intelectual.

Abstract Introduction the birth of a child with an intellectual disability requires the definition of the parents' roles in relation to the care of the child. Objective evaluate how much parental care practices, sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and family knowledge can have an impact on the oral health of children with intellectual disabilities in the age group from zero to six years of age. Material and method the level of help given to the child in the practice of oral hygiene was evaluated according to the adapted functional independence scale. The Parental Beliefs and Care Practices Scale assessed primary care and stimulation offered to the child. The presence of dental plaque and the decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index were analyzed. The significance level was 5%. Result the relative percentage of dental plaque was 11.4%. The DMFT was 2. The prevalence of teeth with indicated extraction is higher in children who receive full assistance for cleaning, when compared to those who receive maximum, moderate help or supervision. Higher levels of dental plaque and decayed teeth were found in children whose parents rated their dental health as poor, hygiene as deficient, and when they believed their children might feel discomfort due to their oral health. Low stimulation frequency resulted in a higher plaque index and number of decayed teeth. Conclusion the frequency of parental care stimulation influenced the percentage of plaque index and the number of decayed teeth in children with intellectual disabilities.

Abstract There are several studies that evaluate the use of lasers in periodontal treatment in non-surgical or surgical therapy. However, while several studies showed clinically beneficial effects of some lasers in periodontal treatment, there are few clinical reports of additional advantages of lasers as adjunctive treatments in periodontology. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate and critically analyze the level of scientific evidence of effects of low-level lasers and high-power lasers in periodontology. A narrative review of the studies was carried out in each topic and type of laser or periodontal treatment. In nonsurgical periodontal therapy the results showed that there is an additional clinical benefit when using a diode laser (DL) associated with scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. The Er:YAG laser seems to be the most suitable for nonsurgical periodontal therapy and promotes the same clinical effects as conventional therapy. In periodontal surgery vaporization of the gingival or mucosal tissue can be carried out with DL, CO2, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers. Photobiomodulation (PBM), mediated by low-level lasers associated with non-surgical periodontal therapy, promotes additional benefits in the short term and accelerates the bone and gingival tissue repair process and also reduces postoperative symptoms of periodontal surgery. The effect of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy is relevant in the initial reevaluation periods. Studies have shown controversial results of the use of lasers in periodontics, and this fact may be due to the lack of standard parameters of irradiation in each clinical application.

Resumo Introdução O autismo é uma desordem neurológica complexa de causas multifatoriais, que compromete habilidades físicas, psicológicas, emocionais e sociais, podendo dificultar os cuidados com a saúde bucal. A saliva, que pode ser coletada de forma fácil e não invasiva, vem sendo utilizada para diagnóstico e triagem de várias condições e patologias. A capacidade antioxidante total nesse fluido está reduzida em crianças com cárie e tem sido investigada como possível marcador para essa doença, mas são escassas as informações sobre antioxidantes na saliva de crianças com o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo preliminar foi verificar a influência do gênero na diferença da capacidade antioxidante e no dano oxidativo proteico, na saliva de crianças com TEA. Material e método A saliva total foi obtida por aspiração, entre 8:00 e 11:00 horas, de 12 meninas e 12 meninos com idades entre 5 e 15 anos, com diagnóstico prévio de TEA. A capacidade antioxidante total, o ácido úrico, a concentração total de proteínas e o dano oxidativo proteico foram analisados por espectrofotometria. Os valores de média e desvio padrão foram testados quanto à normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk teste) e comparados com o teste Mann Whitney. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultado Nenhuma diferença significativa entre os grupos foi observada, nos parâmetros analisados (P>0,05). Conclusão Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluímos que o gênero não influencia nos níveis de marcadores do estresse oxidativo na saliva de crianças com TEA.

Abstract Introduction Autism is a complex neurological disorder with multifactorial causes, which compromises physical, psychological, emotional and social skills. This disorder also impairs dental care and patient oral health. Saliva can be easily obtained using a non-invasive technique and has been used in the diagnosis and screening of many pathologies. Total antioxidant capacity of saliva is reduced in the presence of caries in children and has been studied as a possible marker for autism. However, data on salivary antioxidants in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is scarce. Objective This preliminary study evaluated the existence of gender influence on non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and protein oxidative damage in the saliva of children with this disorder. Our hypothesis is that there are gender differences in these biochemical parameters in children with austim. Material and method Whole saliva samples were collected by aspiration between 8:00-11:00 am from 12 girls and 12 boys aged 5 to 15 years, with previous diagnosis for this disorder. Total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, protein concentration and oxidative damage to proteins were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Values were presented as mean ± standard deviation and tested for adherence to normality (Shapiro-Wilk test). The data were then compared using the Mann-Whitney test, considering a 5% significance level. Result There was no significant difference between groups for all analyzed parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion Based on the results obtained, we concluded that gender does not influence the levels of oxidative stress markers in the saliva of children with ASD.

Resumo Introdução A associação entre tabagismo e doença periodontal tem sido descrito em estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os níveis de LL-37 e beta defensina-2 (hBD-2) no fluido crevicular de pacientes com periodontite generalizada fumantes (F) e não fumantes (NF). Material e método Um total de 35 pacientes com periodontite generalizada estágios III e IV, 15 NF (11 mulheres, 4 homens) e 20 F (7 mulheres e 13 homens), foram incluídos no estudo. Os parâmetros clínicos avaliados foram sangramento à sondagem (SS), profundidade de sondagem (PS) e nível de inserção clínica (NIC). Ensaios imuno enzimáticos foram realizados para quantificar os níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 no fluido crevicular das gengivas dos pacientes. Resultado Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, com nível de significância de 5%. Em relação aos parâmetros clínicos periodontais, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa para SS e PS comparando os grupos F e NF. Houve maior NIC nos pacientes do grupo F, quando comparados ao grupo NF (p = 0,0095). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 quando comparados os grupos F e NF (p> 0,05). Conclusão Concluiu-se que os fumantes apresentam maior perda de inserção clínica do que os não fumantes, mas o tabagismo não influenciou nos níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 do fluido gengival em indivíduos com periodontite.

Abstract Introduction The association between smoking and periodontal diseases has been described in clinical and epidemiological studies. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the LL-37 and human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) levels in crevicular fluid of patients with generalized periodontitis in smokers (S) and nonsmokers (NS). Material and method A total of 35 patients with generalized periodontitis stages III and IV, 15 NS (11 female, 4 male) and 20 S (7 female and 13 male), were included in the study. The evaluated clinical parameters were bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of these patients. The results were analyzed statistically with the level of significance set at 5%. Result In relation to periodontal clinical parameters, no statistically significant difference was observed for BOP and PD between groups S and NS. There was a higher CAL in the S group than in the NS group (p = 0.0095). There was no statistically significant difference between the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 when comparing groups S and NS (p>0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that smokers have a higher clinical attachment loss than nonsmokers, but that smoking did not influence the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid in periodontitis.

Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of systemic antibiotics in the periodontal treatment of smokers. The selection criteria were as follows: controlled randomized clinical trials; studies published in English; studies with smoker patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis; patients without systemic diseases; studies that used systemic antibiotic therapy associated with periodontal treatment; studies that presented results for the test and control groups and assessments of clinical periodontal parameters, such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The differences in average weights were calculated with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% for PD reduction, CAL gain and BOP. The means of the periodontal clinical parameters were compared between the baseline and post-treatment periods between the test groups and the control groups. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test (Q (df = 3), α = 5%). A total of 67 articles were found, and after the selection process, three randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicate that SRP associated with systemic antibiotics promoted additional benefits when compared to SRP alone, with a greater reduction of PD (p = 0.0359, CI = -0.42, -0.01) and a gain of CAL (p = 0.0161, CI = -0.39, -0.04). There was a modest PD reduction (PD, DM -0.21) and a modest CAL gain (CAL, DM -0.22). The results of our meta-analysis reveal the clinical benefits of systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to the non-surgical periodontal treatment of smokers. These clinical improvements, although statistically significant, appeared to be of little clinical relevance.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos recentes são direcionados a explorar a relação da faixa da mucosa queratinizada com a saúde dos tecidos peri-implantares. Quando esta faixa não é suficiente, uma cirurgia para o aumento de mucosa queratinizada pode ser indicada, pois tem sido relatado que a presença ou a reconstrução de tecido queratinizado ao redor de implantes pode facilitar os procedimentos restauradores, promover a estética e ainda permitir a manutenção de uma higienização oral rotineira sem irritação ou desconforto ao paciente. Dentre os procedimentos cirúrgicos disponíveis, a técnica do enxerto gengival livre é consagrada na literatura periodontal para aumento da faixa de mucosa queratinizada. OBJETIVO: Este estudo relata um caso clínico em que foi realizada cirurgia de enxerto gengival livre com objetivo de aumentar a faixa da mucosa queratinizada na região de implantes previamente instalados na maxila, para suporte de prótese tipo protocolo. RELATO DO CASO: Foi realizada a cirurgia de enxerto gengival livre na região anterior da maxila, obtido do palato, na qual haviam sido instalados implantes osseointegrados para suporte de prótese tipo protocolo e a mucosa peri-implantar apresentava-se sem tecido queratinizado e inflamada. Após dois meses de reparação da cirurgia mucogengival, foi possível observar que o enxerto gengival livre favoreceu a saúde peri-implantar e os procedimentos protéticos de moldagem. CONCLUSÃO: Diante dos resultados clínicos, pode-se concluir que o enxerto gengival livre é uma técnica previsível e de fácil realização para aumento da faixa de mucosa queratinizada em mucosa peri-implantar de prótese protocolo.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have evaluated the relationship between the width of keratinized mucosa and peri-implant tissue health. Insufficiently wide keratinized tissue can be increased surgically, for example by free gingival grafting. The presence or reconstruction of keratinized tissue around the implant can facilitate restorative procedures, promote aesthetics and allow the maintenance of an oral hygiene routine without irritation or discomfort to the patient. OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient who underwent free gingival graft surgery to increase the width of keratinized tissue in the region of previously implants to support a type of prosthetic protocol. CASE REPORT: A patient who had received dental implants to support a type of prosthetic protocol presented with inflamed peri‑implant mucosa, but with no keratinized tissue. Free gingival tissue was obtained from the palate and grafted into the anterior maxilla. Sixty days after muco-gingival surgery, we observed that the free gingival graft favored peri-implant health and prosthetic casting. CONCLUSION: The free gingival graft technique is both easy to perform and effective in increasing the width of keratinized mucosa following implantation.

The aim of this study was to conduct an in vitro evaluation, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of the adhesion of blood components on root surfaces irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG (2.78 µm) or Er:YAG (2.94 µm) laser, and of the irradiation effects on root surface morphology. Sixty samples of human teeth were previously scaled with manual instruments and divided into three groups of 20 samples each: G1 (control group) - no treatment; G2 - Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation; G3 - Er:YAG laser irradiation. After performing these treatments, blood tissue was applied to 10 samples of each group, whereas 10 samples received no blood tissue application. After performing the laboratory treatments, the samples were observed under SEM, and the resulting photomicrographs were classified according to a blood component adhesion scoring system and root morphology. The results were analyzed statistically (Kruskall-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests, α= 5%). The root surfaces irradiated with Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers presented greater roughness than those in the control group. Regarding blood component adhesion, the results showed a lower degree of adhesion in G2 than in G1 and G3 (G1 × G2: p = 0.002; G3 × G2: p = 0.017). The Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatments caused more extensive root surface changes. The Er:YAG laser treatment promoted a greater degree of blood component adhesion to root surfaces, compared to the Er,Cr:YSGG treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare subgingival irrigation with tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC-HCL) as adjunctive treatment to scaling and root planning (SRP) on induced periodontitis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 60 rats, periodontal disease was ligature-induced at the mandibular left first molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed and all animals were submitted to SRP, and divided into 2 groups according to the following treatment: C (n=30) - subgingival irrigation with 1 mL of saline; T (n=30) - subgingival irrigation with 1 mL of TTC-HCL (50 mg/mL). Ten animals in each group were euthanized at 7, 15 and 30 days posttreatment. The histometric values were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). RESULTS: In the histometric analysis, at 7, 15 and 30 days, Group T (0.72±0.05 mm², 0.57±0.14 mm², 0.62±0.07 mm²), showed less bone loss (p<0.05) than Group C (1.35±0.25 mm²; 1.40±0.31 mm²; 1.29±0.27 mm²), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Subgingival irrigation with TTC-HCL was an effective adjunctive treatment for periodontal disease induced in rats.