Abstract Under two detection schemes, this study analyzes one of the most destructive weather systems - the explosive cyclones - in the South Atlantic, from 2010 to 2020. Then, two methods are presented to study these systems: the Observational Method (OBSM) and the Automated Method (AUTM). The first uses visual analysis of the mean sea level pressure (mslp) fields and functions to identify the local minimums using the Grid Analysis and Display (GrADS) software. The second utilizes a function from OpenGrADS called mfhilo. It shows the local minimum in the grid using laplacian, magnitude, and percentile. Two shell algorithms for data manipulation are used for the AUTM: one to trace the cyclones’ trajectories according to a previously defined fixed area and the other to separate them into explosives. The OBSM methodology showed 271 cases averaging 25 yearly and revealed important characteristics regarding the intensities. According to AUTM’s methodology, from the 2705 ordinary cyclone cases identified, 299 are explosives. There is a clear seasonality pattern in the systems’ distribution along South America, similar to OBSM, but more highlighted. In summer, they concentrate at high latitudes, while in winter and spring, they are assembled near southern Brazilian and Uruguayan coasts. schemes Atlantic 201 2020 Then (OBSM AUTM. AUTM . (AUTM) mslp (mslp GrADS (GrADS software mfhilo laplacian magnitude percentile explosives 27 2 intensities AUTMs s 270 identified 29 America highlighted summer latitudes spring coasts 20 202 (AUTM

Abstract An analysis of explosive cyclone cases was produced by comparing the reanalysis of MERRA-2 (high spatial resolution) and NCEP2 (low spatial resolution) to South Atlantic in the 2014-2015 period. A total of 51 cases were found, of which 49 were detected by the first reanalysis and 33 by the second (2 cases identified by NCEP2 were not identified by MERRA-2). Spring was the dominant season in the formation of the cases in both reanalyses. It was observed that most systems are formed preferentially eastward of a preexisting trough at higher levels, while others are formed under an almost zonal upper airstream. This difference is more evident in the NCEP2. It was also diagnosed that the MERRA-2 shows more clearly the diffluence in the 250 hPa flow. The analysis of the composite fields revealed a negative horizontal tilt of the trough in 500 hPa, influenced by intense convection as the system develops. Besides, it pointed to a more pronounced jet stream in intense explosive cyclones and more prominent diffluence in non-intense cases. Since the NCEP2 reanalysis detected fewer cases (and only 2 intense) than MERRA-2, it was considered that the former is less suited to the analysis of this type of event.

In addition to the series of articles related to metallic nanoparticles applied to plasmonics, the aim of this review is to discuss the main factors that influence the process of obtaining this type of material. Thus, the article is divided into two main parts: 1) Mechanism, in which a general idea is given regarding the evolution of the concepts involved in the steps of nucleation and growth of metallic nanoparticles, as well as a discussion on the parameters that favor the control of the reaction by kinetics or thermodynamics. Additionally, the main strategies used for composition and shape control, also a brief explanation about the surface of the obtained products are presented. 2) Synthesis, in this section, the main methodologies for obtaining metallic nanoparticles on a laboratory scale are demonstrated, namely those in batch and by electrochemical routes, in addition to the discussion on flow methods, which is believed to be the most effective and viable strategy for obtaining nanoparticles on a large scale.

Em complemento à série de artigos relacionada a nanopartículas metálicas aplicadas em plasmônica, o objetivo desta revisão é transcorrer sobre os principais fatores que influenciam no processo de obtenção desse tipo de material. Dessa forma, o artigo se divide em duas partes principais: 1) Mecanismo, em que é dado uma ideia geral a respeito da evolução dos conceitos envolvidos nas etapas de nucleação e crescimento de nanopartículas metálicas, assim como, uma discussão sobre os parâmetros que favorecem o controle da reação por via cinética ou termodinâmica. Adicionalmente, as principais estratégias utilizadas para controle de composição e forma, além de uma breve explanação sobre a química da superfície dos produtos obtidos também são apresentadas. 2) Síntese, nesta seção são demonstradas as principais metodologias para a obtenção de nanopartículas metálicas em escala laboratorial, sendo elas, as em batelada e por via eletroquímica, além da discussão sobre os métodos em fluxo, que, acredita-se ser a estratégia mais eficiente e viável para a obtenção de nanopartículas em larga escala.

The introduction of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from industrial activities in water bodies, highlights the vulnerability of the environment and the need for actions focused on the implementation of mechanisms that help in the control and remediation of these impacts. The objective of the study was based on the integration of instrumental analytical methods, multivariate statistics, and computer simulation models, with the proposal of implementing realistic scenarios of the red mud plume behavior in the Pará River. The selected location was the municipality of Barcarena-PA, where is located an important alumina/aluminum industrial center. With the aid of the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP OES), the chemical elements Al, B, Cr, Fe, Mn, P, Ti, and Zn were quantified and the principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to select Al, B, Fe, P, and Zn as the most relevant with 98.68% of the accumulated variance. Some scenarios were proposed by the simulated hydrodynamic model, which evidenced that the Trambioca community would be the most affected in the first 13 h after the effluent overflowed, and the other locations in domino effect. The main scientific gain of the proposal is the possibility of the predictive scenarios to help the actions of containment and mitigation of environmental damages by public control agencies, institutions involved, and other competent bodies.

Abstract AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of resistance training (RT) and hormone replacement (HR) on MMP-2 activity, biomechanical and physical properties bone of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley female rats were grouped into six experimental groups (n = 11 per group): sham-operated sedentary (SHAM Sed), ovariectomized sedentary (OVX Sed), sham-operated resistance training (SHAM RT), ovariectomized resistance training (OVX RT), ovariectomized sedentary hormone replacement (OVX Sed-HR), and ovariectomized resistance training hormone replacement (OVX RT-HR). HR groups received implanted silastic capsules with a 5% solution of 17β-estradiol (50 mg 17β-estradiol/ml of sunflower oil). In a 12-week RT period (27 sessions; 4-9 climbs) the animals climbed a 1.1 m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails. Biomechanical and physical bone analyses were performed using a universal testing machine, and MMP-2 activity analysis was done by zymography. RESULTS Bone density and bone mineral content was higher in the RT and HR groups. The MMP-2 activity was higher in the RT and HR groups. The biomechanical analysis (stiffness, fracture load and maximum load) demonstrated better bone tissue quality in the RT associated with HR. CONCLUSION The RT alone as well as when it is associated with HR was efficient in increasing MMP-2 activity, biomechanical and biophysical properties bone of ovariectomized rats.