Abstract This study assessed the physicochemical and antibiofilm properties of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) associated with 1 or 2% of farnesol. Setting time was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012. Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis. pH was assessed after time intervals of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Solubility (% mass loss) and volumetric change (by micro-CT) of the cements were evaluated after immersion in distilled water. The presence of voids inside the materials was assessed by using micro-CT. Antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by crystal violet assay and the modified direct contact test performed with biofilm previously formed on bovine root dentin for 14 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests with 5% significance level. The incorporation of farnesol into MTA increased its setting time, but decreased its solubility at 30 days and its volumetric loss in all periods (p < 0.05). Radiopacity and solubility after 7 days were similar among the materials (p > 0.05). The association of farnesol showed the highest pH value after 1 and 3 days (p < 0.05). The association of farnesol with MTA promoted a decrease in the presence of voids, and increased the antimicrobial activity on biofilm biomass of E. faecalis (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of farnesol can be suggested to improve the antimicrobial properties and the consistency of MTA. (MTA 2 68762012 6876 2012 6876/2012 analysis 21 % ( microCT micro CT micro-CT water microCT. CT. ANOVATukey ANOVA Tukey 5 level p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) E conclusion 6876201 687 201 6876/201 00 0.0 687620 68 20 6876/20 0. 68762 6 6876/2 6876/

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito da agitação ultrassônica na capacidade de preenchimento de cimento pronto para uso à base de silicato de cálcio Bio-C Sealer (BCS, Angelus, Paraná, Brasil) ou pó-líquido BioRoot RCS (BR, Septodont, Saint-Maur -des-Fossés, França) utilizando canais artificiais curvos por microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT). Adicionalmente, escoamento (mm) e área de escoamento (mm2) foram avaliados para ambos materiais. Please, replace the sentence highlighted in yellow to: O canal principal de resina acrílica (curvatura de 60° e raio de 5 mm, com 3 canais laterais nos terços cervical, médio e apical) foi preparado até o tamanho 40/.05 (Prodesign Logic, Brasil). O método de agitação foi utilizado com ponta ultrassônica (US, Irrisonic, Helse, Brasil): BCS, BCS/US, BR e BR/US. Todos os espécimes foram obturados usando a técnica de cone único. As amostras foram escaneadas por micro-CT (8,74 µm) após obturação. A porcentagem de material obturador e vazios foram calculados. O escoamento foi avaliado com base nas normas ISO 6876/2012 (mm) e área (mm2). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey (α = 0,05BR/US apresentou menor percentual de material obturador nos canais laterais que BCS e BCS/US (p<0,05). BR/US resultou em maior porcentagem de vazios que o BR no canal lateral do terço apical (p<0,05). BCS apresentou maior escoamento que BR (p<0,05)." BCS e BR apresentaram capacidade de preenchimento adequada nos canais curvos simulados independente do uso de agitação ultrassônica. No entanto, BR/US apresentou mais vazios no terço apical. BCS demonstra maior capacidade de preenchimento. BioC Bio C (BCS Angelus Paraná Brasil pólíquido pó líquido BR, (BR Septodont SaintMaur Saint Maur desFossés, desFossés des Fossés, Fossés -des-Fossés França microCT. microCT micro CT . (micro-CT) Adicionalmente mm (mm mm2 (mm2 materiais Please to curvatura 60 cervical 4005 40 05 40/.0 Prodesign Logic Brasil. US, US (US Irrisonic Helse BCSUS BRUS único 8,74 874 8 74 (8,7 µm obturação calculados 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 mm2. α 005BRUS 0 05BR p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 (p<0,05) entanto (micro-CT 6 400 4 40/. 8,7 87 7 (8, 6876201 687 201 6876/20 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 40/ 8, (8 687620 68 20 6876/2 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 ( 68762 2 6876/ p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic agitation on the filling capacity of ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer Bio-C Sealer (BCS, Angelus, Paraná, Brazil) or powder-liquid BioRoot RCS (BR, Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France) using curved artificial canals by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Additionally, flow (mm) and flow area (mm2) were evaluated for both materials. Acrylic resin main canal (60° curvature and 5 mm radius, with 3 lateral canals in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds) were prepared up to size 40/.05 (Prodesign Logic, Brazil). The agitation method was used with ultrasonic tip (US, Irrisonic, Helse, Brazil): BCS, BCS/US, BR, and BR/US. All specimens were filled using the single-cone technique. The samples were scanned by micro-CT (8,74 µm) after obturation. The percentage of filling material and voids were calculated. Flow was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012 standards (mm) and area (mm2). The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). BR/US showed lower percentage of filling material in the lateral canals than and, BCS/US (p<0.05). BR/US resulted in a higher percentage of voids than BR in the lateral apical third (p<0.05). BCS showed higher flow than BR (p<0.05). BCS and BR presented proper filling capacity in the simulated curved canals regardless of the use of ultrasonic agitation. However, BR/US showed more voids in the apical third. BCS demonstrates higher filling ability. readytouse ready silicatebased silicate BioC Bio C (BCS Angelus Paraná Brazil powderliquid powder liquid (BR Septodont SaintMaurdesFossés, SaintMaurdesFossés Saint Maur des Fossés, Fossés Saint-Maur-des-Fossés France microcomputed micro computed microCT. microCT CT . (micro-CT) Additionally (mm mm2 (mm2 materials 60° 60 (60 radius cervical middle thirds 4005 40 05 40/.0 Prodesign Logic Brazil. US, US (US Irrisonic Helse BCSUS BRUS singlecone single cone technique 8,74 874 8 74 (8,7 µm obturation calculated 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 mm2. α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) However ability (micro-CT 6 (6 400 4 40/. 8,7 87 7 (8, 6876201 687 201 6876/20 00 0.0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 ( 40/ 8, (8 687620 68 20 6876/2 0. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 68762 2 6876/ p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Both root canal sealer-based and supplementary protocols may influence removal of filling material during endodontic retreatment. Mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars were prepared using HyFlex EDM 25/.08, and filled with a calcium silicate sealer (Bio-C Sealer), or an epoxy resin (AH Plus), using the single cone technique (n = 12). Retreatment was performed using ProDesign Logic (PDL) RT and PDL 35/.05. The specimens were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 12), and the sealers were distributed similarly. A supplementary protocol was performed with PDL 50/.01 or XP-endo Finisher. Root canal transportation and volume, in addition to the remaining filling material percentage were evaluated using high-resolution (5 µm voxel size) micro-CT. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests (α = 0.05). Root canals filled with AH Plus presented high residual filling material (p < 0.05). Both protocols decreased residual volume of filling material in the apical third (p < 0.05). PDL 50/.01 increased the apical root canal volume (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between the systems regarding canal transportation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus is more difficult to remove from the apical third than Bio-C Sealer. PDL 50/.01 and XP-endo Finisher enabled greater removal of filling materials in the apical third, in the retreatment of curved root canals, without promoting apical transport. sealerbased based 2508 25 08 25/.08 BioC Bio C Sealer, Sealer , Sealer) Plus, Plus) n 12. 12 . 12) (PDL 3505 35 05 35/.05 12, similarly 5001 50 01 50/.0 XPendo XP endo highresolution resolution 5 ( size microCT. microCT micro CT. CT micro-CT ttests t tests α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p conclusion transport 250 2 25/.0 1 350 3 35/.0 500 50/. 00 0.0 25/. 35/. 50/ 0. 25/ 35/

Abstract Acidic pH can modify the properties of repair cements. In this study, volumetric change and solubility of the ready-to-use bioceramic repair cement Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) were evaluated after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.0) or butyric acid (pH 4.5). Solubility was determined by the difference in initial and final mass using polyethylene tubes measuring 4 mm high and 6.70 mm in internal diameter that were filled with BCR and immersed in 7.5 mL of PBS or butyric acid for 7 days. The volumetric change was established by using bovine dentin tubes measuring 4 mm long with an internal diameter of 1.5 mm. The dentin tubes were filled with BCR at 37°C for 24 hours. Scanning was performed with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT; SkyScan 1176, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) with a voxel size of 8.74 µm. Then, the specimens were immersed in 1.5 mL of PBS or butyric acid at and 37 °C for 7 days. After this period, a new micro-CT scan was performed. Bio-C Repair showed greater mass loss after immersion in butyric acid when compared with immersion in PBS (p<0.05). Bio-C Repair showed volumetric loss after immersion in butyric acid and increase in volume after immersion in PBS (p<0.05). The acidic pH influenced the solubility and dimensional stability of the Bio-C Repair bioceramic cement, promoting a higher percentage of solubility and decrease in volumetric values. cements study readytouse ready to use BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus Londrina PR Brazil phosphatebuffered phosphate buffered (PBS 7.0 70 0 4.5. 45 4.5 . 5 4.5) 670 6 6.7 75 7. days 15 1 1. 37C 2 hours microcomputed micro computed microCT CT (micro-CT 1176 Bruker Kontich Belgium 874 8 74 8.7 µm Then 3 period p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 05 (p<0.05) values 4. 67 6. 117 87 8. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 11 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de soluções de imersão ou de um método in vivo na alteração volumétrica dos materiais biocerâmicos reparadores Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brasil) e Biodentine (BIO, Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, França) em comparação com IRM (Dentsply Sirona, York, Pensilvânia, EUA), usando a avaliação por microtomografia computadorizada (µCT). Tubos de cloreto de polivinila (PVC, 4 mm de comprimento x 1,3 mm de diâmetro interno, n = 7) foram preenchidos com os materiais para análise volumétrica no µCT. As amostras foram escaneadas após a presa dos materiais e após a imersão em água destilada, PBS ou no tecido subcutâneo de ratos por 7 dias. O IRM apresentou uma alteração volumétrica maior do que o BCR e BIO em todas as soluções de imersão (P <0,05). BIO e BCR apresentaram uma alteração volumétrica semelhante quando imersos em PBS e água destilada (P> 0,05). Quando o método in vivo foi usado, BIO e BCR apresentaram uma menor alteração volumétrica (P <0,05), incluindo um aumento no volume para BCR. As soluções de imersão influenciaram a avaliação da alteração volumétrica dos materiais biocerâmicos reparadores. Os materiais biocerâmicos mostram maior estabilidade volumétrica quando avaliados pelo método in vivo. O método in vivo no tecido subcutâneo de ratos pode ser uma alternativa para analisar as propriedades de cimentos biocerâmicos, mostrando semelhança com a aplicação clínica. BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus Londrina PR Brasil BIO, (BIO Septodont SaintMaurdesFossés, SaintMaurdesFossés Saint Maur des Fossés, Fossés Saint-Maur-des-Fossés França Dentsply Sirona York Pensilvânia EUA, EUA , EUA) µCT . (µCT) PVC, PVC (PVC 13 1 3 1, interno dias P <0,05. 005 <0,05 0 05 <0,05) P> 0,05. 0,05 0,05) usado <0,05, clínica (µCT 00 <0,0 0,0 <0, 0, <0 <

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in vitro immersion solutions or an in vivo method on volumetric change of bioceramic root repair materials: Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and Biodentine (BIO, Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France) compared to IRM (Dentsply Sirona, York, Pennsylvania, USA) by using microcomputed tomography (µCT) assessment. Tubes of polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 4 mm of length x 1.3 mm of inside diameter, n = 7) were filled with the materials for volumetric analysis in µCT. Samples were scanned after materials setting and after immersion in distilled water, PBS, or in vivo tissue fluid of subcutaneous tissue of rats for 7 days. IRM showed higher volumetric change than BCR and BIO in all immersion solutions (P<0.05). BIO and BCR presented similar volumetric changes when immersed in PBS and distilled water (P>0.05). When the in vivo method was used, BIO and BCR showed lower volumetric change (P<0.05), including an increase in volume for BCR. The immersion solutions influenced the evaluation of the volumetric change of bioceramic repair materials. Bioceramic materials show greater volumetric stability when evaluated by the in vivo method. The in vivo method in the subcutaneous tissue of rats can be an alternative for analyzing the properties of bioceramic cement, showing similarity with the clinical application. BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus Londrina PR Brazil BIO, (BIO Septodont SaintMaurdesFossés, SaintMaurdesFossés Saint Maur des Fossés, Fossés Saint-Maur-des-Fossés France Dentsply Sirona York Pennsylvania USA µCT (µCT assessment PVC, PVC (PVC 13 1 3 1. diameter days P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 . 0 05 (P<0.05) P>0.05. P>0.05 (P>0.05) used P<0.05, , cement application P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 P>0.0 (P>0.05 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P>0. (P>0.0 P<0 (P<0. P>0 (P>0. P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

Abstract This systematic review aims to provide preclinical evidence of the antimicrobial efficacy of natural endodontic solutions (NES) compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) against Enterococcus faecalis. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines and had a registered protocol (PROSPERO – CRD42021224022). The inclusion criteria comprised ex vivo studies simulating root canal irrigation to assess the standardized mean difference of colony-forming units (CFUs). Records were systematically identified in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, SciELO, Web of Science, LILACS, DANS Easy, and BDTD databases in January 2024. The RoBDEMAT tool helped determine the risk of bias. As for the network meta-analysis, CFU data were collected pre- and post-irrigation protocols as an effect measure. Thirty-five studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, and seven studies were eligible for the network meta-analysis. The total sample consisted of 1,504 root canals. Among the tested solutions, apple cider vinegar combined with 2.5% NaOCl showed the highest probability of reducing CFUs after root canal irrigation (95%CI: -0.76–0.20), followed by 2% CHX and NaOCl (considering the different concentrations [95%CI: -0.32–0.17]). The bias assessment revealed significant omissions in reporting, particularly regarding sample size calculation, sample randomization, and operator blinding. The obtained evidence demonstrated that, even though NES did not overcome NaOCl, they have antimicrobial potential against Enterococcus faecalis. (NES (NaOCl (CHX faecalis PROSPERO CRD42021224022. CRD42021224022 CRD . CRD42021224022) colonyforming colony forming CFUs. (CFUs) PubMed Scopus EMBASE SciELO Science LILACS Easy 2024 metaanalysis, metaanalysis meta analysis meta-analysis pre postirrigation post measure Thirtyfive Thirty five metaanalysis. analysis. 1504 1 504 1,50 canals 25 2 5 2.5 95%CI 95CI CI 95 (95%CI 0.76–0.20, 076020 0.76–0.20 , 0 76 20 -0.76–0.20) considering [95%CI 0.32–0.17. 032017 0.32–0.17 32 17 -0.32–0.17]) reporting calculation randomization blinding that CRD4202122402 (CFUs 202 150 50 1,5 2. 9 07602 0.76–0.2 7 -0.76–0.20 03201 0.32–0.1 3 -0.32–0.17] CRD420212240 15 1, 0760 0.76–0. -0.76–0.2 0320 0.32–0. -0.32–0.17 CRD42021224 076 0.76–0 -0.76–0. 032 0.32–0 -0.32–0.1 CRD4202122 07 0.76– -0.76–0 03 0.32– -0.32–0. CRD420212 0.76 -0.76– 0.32 -0.32–0 CRD42021 0.7 -0.76 0.3 -0.32– CRD4202 0. -0.7 -0.32 CRD420 -0. -0.3 CRD42 -0 CRD4 -

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the filling capacity in curved root canal using a new continuous wave of condensation technique (Termo Pack II, Easy Dental Equipments, Brazil) or lateral compaction. The percentage of voids in the filling of mesial root canals of mandibular molars was assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Mesial root canals (n=24) of mandibular molars with a degree of curvature between 20° and 40° were prepared using rotary system (ProDesign Logic, Easy, Brazil) up to #35, .05 taper. The root canals were filled by using the continuous wave of condensation system or lateral compaction and AH Plus sealer (n=12). Scanning at 9 µm was performed after preparation and after filling by using micro-CT SkyScan 1176. The volumetric percentage of filling material and voids (total length and in each root canal third) were calculated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA/ Tukey and Student’s t tests (α=0.05). Before the filling techniques, the root canals volume after preparation was similar (p>0.05). The root canals filled by the continuous wave of condensation technique presented the lowest percentage of voids, and the greatest percentage of filling material in total length and thirds (cervical, middle and apical) (p<0.05). Both techniques were not able of completely filling the root canals. The continuous wave of condensation technique Termo Pack II promoted better root canal filling in curved root canals, when compared with lateral compaction.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la capacidad de obturación en conductos radiculares curvos utilizando una nueva técnica de condensación de onda continua (Termo Pack II, Easy Dental Equipments, Brasil) vs compactación lateral. El porcentaje de brechas en la obturación de los conductos radiculares mesiales de los molares mandibulares se evaluó mediante microtomografía computarizada (micro-CT). Se prepararon conductos radiculares mesiales (n=24) de molares mandibulares con un grado de curvatura entre 20° y 40° utilizando un sistema rotatorio (ProDesign Logic, Easy, Brasil) al #35, conicidad 0,05. Los conductos radiculares se obturaron utilizando un sistema de condensación de onda contínua o compactación lateral y cemento AH Plus (n=12). Se realizó un escaneo de 9 µm después de la preparación y después de la obturación usando el micro-CT SkyScan 1176. Se calculó el porcentaje volumétrico de material de obturación y vacíos (longitud total y en cada tercio del conducto radicular). Los datos se analizaron utilizando las pruebas ANOVA/Tukey y t de Student (α=0,05). Antes de las técnicas de obturación, el volumen de los conductos radiculares después de la preparación fue similar (p>0,05). Los conductos radiculares obturados con la técnica de condensación por onda contínua presentaron el menor porcentaje de vacíos y el mayor porcentaje de material de obturación en longitud total y en tercios (cervical, medio y apical) (p<0,05). Ambas técnicas no fueron capaces de llenar completamente los conductos radiculares. La técnica de condensación de onda contínua Termo Pack II promovió un mejor relleno del conducto radicular en conductos radiculares curvos en comparación con la compactación lateral.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da apicectomia realizada com broca ou inserto ultrassônico na adaptação do material obturador á dentina do canal radicular. Vinte incisivos inferiores humanos extraídos foram selecionados e preparados com o sistema ProDesign Logic até o diâmetro 40/.05. Os canais radiculares foram obturados com Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, PR, Brasil) por meio da técnica de cone único e foram armazenados em estufa a 37ºC e umidade relativa de 95% por 7 dias. Após esse período, foi realizada apicectomia dos 3 milímetros apicais utilizando broca Endo-Z (Maillefer - Dentsply) ou inserto ultrassônico BladeSonic (Helse Ultrasonic, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Brasil) (n=10). Os espécimes foram escaneados por meio de microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT; SkyScan 1176) com tamanho de voxel de 8,74 µm após obturação e após apicectomia. Please, correct this sentece to O percentual de falhas na interface entre o material obturador e a parede dentinaria foi avaliado nos 4 mm apicais da raiz apos apicectomia, alem do tempo de corte para ambos dispositivos. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos aos testes t pareado e não pareado (α = 0,05). Endo-Z e Bladesonic aumentaram o percentual de vazios entre o material obturador e a parede da dentina após apicectomia (p<0.05), sendo semelhantes entre si (p>0.05). Endo-Z demonstrou menor tempo para realizar apicectomia em comparação com Bladesonic (p<0.05). Apicectomias com Endo-Z ou Bladesonic podem prejudicar a interface material obturador/dentina, sendo a broca Endo-Z mais rápida que a ponta ultrassônica Bladesonic. radicular 4005 40 05 40/.05 BioC Bio C Angelus, Angelus (Angelus PR Brasil ºC 95 dias período EndoZ Endo Z Maillefer Dentsply Helse Ultrasonic Viterbo n=10. n10 n n=10 . 10 (n=10) microCT micro CT (micro-CT 1176 874 8 74 8,7 Please dispositivos α 0,05. 005 0,05 0 0,05) p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 , (p<0.05) p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) p<0.05. obturadordentina obturador/dentina 400 40/.0 9 n1 n=1 1 (n=10 117 87 8, 00 0,0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 40/. n= (n=1 11 0, p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 40/ (n= p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. (n p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (p< (p> (p

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of apicoectomy performed with a bur or an ultrasonic tip on the adaptation of the filling material to root canal dentin. Twenty human mandibular incisors were selected and prepared with a ProDesign Logic system up to diameter 40/.05. The root canals were filled with Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, PR, Brazil) using the single cone technique and were stored at 37ºC and 95% relative humidity for 7 days. After this period, the apicoectomy of the 3 millimeters of the root apex was performed using Endo-Z bur (Dentsply Sirona) or Bladesonic ultrasonic tip (Helse Ultrasonic, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Brazil) (n=10). The specimens were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT; SkyScan 1176) with a voxel size of 8.74 µm after obturation and after apicoectomy. The percentage of voids at the interface between the filling material and the root canal wall was evaluated in the apical 4 mm of the root after apicoectomy, besides the time cutting to both devices. The data obtained were submitted to paired and unpaired t-tests (α = 0.05). Endo-Z and Bladesonic increased the percentage of voids between the filling material and the dentin after apicectomy (p<0.05), and they were similar (p>0.05). Endo-Z has a shorter time to perform apicoectomy compared to Bladesonic (p<0.05). Apicectomies with Endo-Z or Bladesonic could harm the material/dentin interface, while the Endo-Z bur was faster than the Bladesonic ultrasonic tip. 4005 40 05 40/.05 BioC Bio C Angelus, Angelus (Angelus PR Brazil ºC 95 days period EndoZ Endo Z Dentsply Sirona Helse Ultrasonic Viterbo n=10. n10 n n=10 . 10 (n=10) microcomputed micro computed microCT CT (micro-CT 1176 874 8 74 8.7 devices ttests t tests α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 , (p<0.05) p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) p<0.05. materialdentin 400 40/.0 9 n1 n=1 1 (n=10 117 87 8. 00 0.0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 40/. n= (n=1 11 0. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 40/ (n= p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. (n p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (p< (p> (p

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia del tamaño de vóxel de la microtomografía computarizada (micro-CT) en la evaluación de la preparación del conducto radicular utilizando limas rotatorias de níquel-titanio tratadas térmicamente. Se prepararon conductos radiculares mesiales curvos de molares mandibulares usando ProDesign Logic 30/.05 (PDL) o HyFlex EDM 25/.08 (HEDM) (n=12). Las muestras se escanearon usando micro-CT con un tamaño de vóxel de 5μm antes y después de la preparación del conducto radicular. Se obtuvieron imágenes con subresolución de vóxeles de 10 y 20μm. Se analizó el porcentaje de aumento de volumen, residuos y superficie del conducto radicular no instrumentado en diferentes tamaños de vóxel. Los datos se compararon usando la prueba t de Student no pareada y las pruebas estadísticas ANOVA (α=0,05). No se observaron diferencias en el porcentaje de aumento de volumen, detritus y superficie instrumentada entre los conductos radiculares preparados por PDL y HEDM (p>0,05). Ambos sistemas promovieron un mayor porcentaje de detritos en el tercio apical en comparación con el tercio medio (p<0,05). Después de la instrumentación del PDL, el porcentaje de superficie no instrumentada fue mayor en el tercio apical que en el tercio medio solo cuando los análisis se realizaron a 5µm (p<0,05). Al comparar los diferentes tamaños de vóxel (5,10 o 20µm), ambos grupos presentaron medias diferentes para las variables, sin diferencia significativa (p>0,05). PDL y HEDM tenían una capacidad de preparación del conducto radicular similar. Las imágenes de micro-CT que utilizan diferentes tamaños de vóxel no influyeron en los resultados de la evaluación del volumen y los desechos. Sin embargo, las imágenes de 5µm mostraron una mayor precisión al evaluar el porcentaje de superficies no instrumentadas.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) voxel size on evaluation of root canal preparation using rotary heat-treated nickel-titanium files. Curved mesial root canals of mandibular molars were prepared using ProDesign Logic 30/.05 (PDL) or HyFlex EDM 25/.08 (HEDM) (n=12). The specimens were scanned using micro-CT with 5μm of voxel size before and after root canal preparation. Images with sub-resolution of 10 and 20μm voxel sizes were obtained. The percentage of volume increase, debris and uninstrumented root canal surface were analyzed in the different voxel sizes. Data were compared using unpaired Student's t-test and ANOVA statistical tests (α=0.05). No differences were observed for percentage of volume increase, debris and instrumented surface between the root canals prepared by PDL and HEDM (p>0.05). Both systems promoted higher percentage of debris in the apical third compared to the middle third (p<0.05). After instrumentation using PDL the percentage of uninstrumented surface was highr in the apical third than middle third only when analysis were performed at 5µm (p<0.05). When comparing the different voxel sizes (5,10 or 20µm), both groups showed different means for the variables, with no significant difference (p>0.05). PDL and HEDM had similar root canal preparation capacity. Micro-CT images using different voxel sizes did not influence the results of volume increase and debris evaluation. However, images at 5µm showed greater accuracy to evaluate the percentage of uninstrumented surfaces.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas, citotoxicidade e bioatividade de um novo material biocerâmico pronto para uso, Bio-C Repair (Angelus), em comparação com MTA Branco (Angelus) e Biodentine (Septodont). Foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-químicas de tempo de presa, radiopacidade, pH, solubilidade, alterações dimensionais e volumétricas. A biocompatibilidade, bioatividade e capacidade de reparo foram avaliadas em culturas de células de osteoblastos Saos-2 pelo ensaio MTT brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio), vermelho neutro (NR), vermelho de alizarina ( ARS) e testes de migração celular. A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes ANOVA, Tukey ou Bonferroni (α = 0,05). Bio-C Repair apresentou o maior tempo de presa (p < 0,05), mas radiopacidade e solubilidade de acordo com as normas ISO 6876/2012, além de expansão linear. Bio-C Repair e MTA tiveram variação volumétrica semelhante (p > 0,05), menor que Biodentine (p < 0,05). Todos os materiais avaliados apresentaram pH alcalino. Bio-C Repair foi citocompatível, além de promover deposição de nódulos mineralizados em 21 dias e migração celular em 3 dias. Em conclusão, o Bio-C Repair apresentou radiopacidade adequada acima de 3mmAl, solubilidade menor que 3%, expansão dimensional e baixa perda volumétrica.. Além disso, o Bio-C Repair promoveu um pH alcalino e apresentou bioatividade e biocompatibilidade semelhantes ao MTA e Biodentine, mostrando potencial para uso como material reparador físicoquímicas, físicoquímicas físico químicas, químicas BioC Bio C Angelus, Angelus , (Angelus Septodont. Septodont . (Septodont) volumétricas Saos2 Saos 2 Saos- 34,5dimetiltiazol2il2,5difeniltetrazólio, 345dimetiltiazol2il25difeniltetrazólio dimetiltiazolildifeniltetrazólio 4,5 dimetiltiazol il 2,5 difeniltetrazólio 4 5 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio) NR, NR (NR) ARS ANOVA α 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) p 0,05, 68762012 6876 2012 6876/2012 linear citocompatível conclusão 3mmAl mmAl 3% volumétrica. disso (Septodont 34 5dimetiltiazol2il2 5difeniltetrazólio 34,5dimetiltiazol2il2,5difeniltetrazólio 45 4, 25 2, 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio (NR 00 0,0 6876201 687 201 6876/201 dimetiltiazolil 5dimetiltiazol2il 0, 687620 68 20 6876/20 68762 6 6876/2 6876/

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of a ready-to-use bioceramic material, Bio-C Repair (Angelus), in comparison with White MTA (Angelus) and Biodentine (Septodont). The physicochemical properties of setting time, radiopacity, pH, solubility, dimensional and volumetric changes were evaluated. Biocompatibility and bioactivity were assessed in Saos-2 osteoblast cell cultures by the MTT assay 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), Neutral Red (NR), Alizarin Red (ARS), and cell migration tests. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey or Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). Bio-C Repair had the longest setting time (p < 0.05), but radiopacity and solubility were accordance with the ISO 6876/2012 standards, besides linear expansion. Bio-C Repair and MTA had similar volumetric change (p > 0.05); lower than Biodentine (p < 0.05). All the materials evaluated had an alkaline pH. Bio-C Repair was cytocompatible and promoted mineralized nodule deposition in 21 days and cell migration in 3 days. In conclusion, Bio-C Repair had adequate radiopacity above 3mm Al, solubility less than 3%, dimensional expansion, and low volumetric change. In addition, Bio-C Repair promoted an alkaline pH and presented bioactivity and biocompatibility similar to MTA and Biodentine, showing potential for use as a repair material. readytouse ready material BioC Bio C Angelus, Angelus , (Angelus Septodont. Septodont . (Septodont) Saos2 Saos 2 Saos- 34,5Dimethylthiazol2yl2,5diphenyltetrazolium 345Dimethylthiazol2yl25diphenyltetrazolium Dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium 4,5 Dimethylthiazol yl 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium 4 5 bromide, bromide bromide) NR, NR (NR) ARS, ARS (ARS) ANOVA α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) p 0.05, 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 standards expansion conclusion mm Al 3% addition (Septodont 34 5Dimethylthiazol2yl2 5diphenyltetrazolium 45 4, 25 2, (NR (ARS 00 0.0 6876201 687 201 6876/20 Dimethylthiazolyl 5Dimethylthiazol2yl 0. 687620 68 20 6876/2 68762 6 6876/

Resumo Introdução Cimentos endodônticos à base de silicato de cálcio demonstram maior solubilidade em água destilada. Emprego de metodologias alternativas pode auxiliar em melhor compreensão sobre a solubilidade desses materiais. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da solução de imersão e do tipo de modelo experimental na solubilidade de cimento pronto para uso Bio-C Sealer. Material e método Modelos circulares de polietileno ou dentina bovina (n = 16) foram confeccionados. Após inserção do cimento, os espécimes foram mantidos em estufa a 37 °C por 48 horas. Posteriormente, as amostras foram pesadas em balança de precisão para determinação da massa inicial. Na sequência, os espécimes foram imersos em 7,5 mL de água destilada (pH 6,5) ou PBS (pH 7,0) (n = 8) por 28 dias. Após isso, as amostras foram removidas das soluções e pesadas a cada 24 horas até a estabilização da massa final (0,001g). Corpos de prova confeccionados com Bio-C Sealer foram empregados como controle. A solubilidade foi avaliada de acordo com a diferença entre a massa inicial e final em porcentagem. Teste ANOVA Two-Way e teste post-hoc de Tukey foram realizados (α = 0,05). Resultado Imersão em água destilada proporcionou maior solubilidade em comparação com PBS, independentemente do modelo experimental (p < 0,05). Corpos de prova apresentaram maior solubilidade, seguidos dos modelos de polietileno e dentina imersos em água destilada (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença entre os modelos experimentais imersos em PBS (p > 0,05). Conclusão Bio-C Sealer apresenta solubilidade significativamente maior em água destilada do que em PBS em todas condições. Modelo experimental empregando dentina bovina e PBS como solução de imersão demonstra diminuir a perda de massa de Bio-C Sealer e pode ser uma alternativa valiosa para avaliar a solubilidade de cimentos biocerâmicos. materiais BioC Bio C n 16 3 4 Posteriormente sequência 75 7 5 7, pH 6,5 65 6 7,0 70 0 8 2 dias isso 0,001g. 0001g g 0,001g . 001g (0,001g) controle porcentagem TwoWay Two Way posthoc post hoc α 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) p condições biocerâmicos 1 6, (0,001g 00 0,0 0,

Abstract Introduction Calcium silicate-based sealers demonstrate greater solubility in distilled water. The use of alternative methodologies can help at better understanding the solubility of these materials. Objective To evaluate the effect of the immersion solution and the type of experimental model on the solubility of ready-to-use Bio-C Sealer. Material and method Circular models of polyethylene or bovine dentin (n = 16) were made. After insertion of the sealer, the specimens were kept in an oven at 37°C and 95% humidity for 48h. Subsequently, the samples were weighed on a precision balance to determine the initial mass. Next, the specimens were immersed in 7.5 mL of distilled water (pH 6.5) or PBS (pH 7.0) (n = 8) for 28 days. After that, the samples were removed from the solutions and weighed every 24 hours until the final mass stabilized (0.001g). Test specimens made with Bio-C Sealer were used as a control. Solubility was evaluated according to the difference between the initial and final mass in percentage. Two-Way ANOVA test and Tukey post-hoc tests were performed (α=0.05). Result Immersion in distilled water provided greater solubility compared to PBS regardless of the experimental model (p<0.05). The test specimens showed greater solubility, followed by polyethylene and dentin models immersed in distilled water (p<0.05). There was no difference between the experimental models immersed in PBS (p>0.05). Conclusion Bio-C Sealer presents significantly greater solubility in distilled water than in PBS under all conditions. Experimental model using bovine dentin and PBS as an immersion solution demonstrates reduction in the mass loss of Bio-C Sealer and can be a valuable alternative for evaluating the solubility of bioceramic sealers. silicatebased silicate based materials readytouse ready BioC Bio C n 16 sealer 37C 37 95 48h h Subsequently Next 75 7 5 7. pH 6.5 65 6 7.0 70 0 8 2 days that 0.001g. 0001g g 0.001g . 001g (0.001g) control percentage TwoWay Two Way posthoc post hoc α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 05 (α=0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) conditions 1 3 9 6. (0.001g α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 α=0 (α=0. p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. α= (α=0 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (α= (p< (p> (α (p

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate root canal preparation with nickel titanium rotary instruments and complementary preparation with ultrasonic tip in curved canals of mandibular molars with isthmus. Twenty–eight mesial roots of mandibular molars with curvature between 20° and 40° and presence of isthmus throughout the entire extension of the root canals were prepared using ProDesign Logic CM (PDL) up to size 40.05, or HyFlex EDM (HFEDM) up to size 40.04. Complementary preparation was performed in the isthmus region using the ultrasonic insert E18D (Helse, Istmo Diamantada). The root canals were scanned using micro–CT (SkyScan 1176) at 9 µm voxel size before and after each preparation step. Transportation, percentage of increase in volume, debris and uninstrumented surface (UNS) were evaluated. Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon, paired and non–paired t–tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). The canals prepared with PDL and HFEDM obtained similar results for all the variables assessed before using E18D (p > 0.05). E18D significantly decreased the percentage of debris and UNS values in both Groups (p < 0.05). The complementary preparations with E18D caused a smaller quantity of debris in the isthmus of the canals previously prepared with PDL in comparison with HFEDM (p < 0.05). PDL and HFEDM provided similar root canal preparation. PDL promoted a smaller quantity of Debris in the isthmus than HFEDM after using E18D. E18D significantly improved cleaning, and reduced Debris and UNS. Twentyeight Twenty eight 20 40 (PDL 4005 05 40.05 (HFEDM 4004 04 40.04 ED E D Helse, Helse (Helse Diamantada. Diamantada . Diamantada) microCT micro CT SkyScan 1176 step Transportation volume (UNS evaluated Whitney Wilcoxon nonpaired non ttests t tests α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p cleaning 2 4 400 40.0 117 00 0.0 40. 11 0. 1

Resumo Introdução Materiais reparadores devem apresentar baixa solubilidade. Solução salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS) permite simular condição clínica e interação com dentina pode ser importante para correta avaliação da perda de massa de cimentos biocerâmicos. Objetivo Avaliou o efeito da imersão em água destilada (AD) ou PBS na solubilidade de Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus) ou MTA Repair HP (MTAHP, Angelus) usando modelo de tubo de dentina. Material e método Tubos de dentina bovina foram confeccionados com 4 mm de comprimento, 1,5 mm de diâmetro interno e 1 mm aproximadamente de espessura de parede. Os espécimes foram imersos em AD por 24h, posteriormente preenchidos com BCR ou MTAHP (n = 14) e armazenados em estufa a 37°C e umidade 95% por 24h. Após serem pesados em balança de precisão para determinação da massa inicial, os corpos de prova foram imersos em AD (pH 6,5) ou PBS (pH 7,0) (n = 7) por 28 dias. Tubos vazios também foram utilizados para o cálculo de perda de massa da dentina (n=4). Após esse período, os espécimes foram pesados até a estabilização da massa final (0,001g). A solubilidade de cada material foi avaliada. Testes estatísticos ANOVA e Tukey foram realizados (α=0,05). Resultado BCR e MTAHP apresentaram ganho de massa em AD e perda de massa em PBS (p<0,05). Conclusão A solução de imersão influencia a solubilidade de BCR e MTAHP usando modelo de tubo de dentina. Nova proposta metodológica poderá ser uma alternativa às normas ISO para testar a solubilidade de cimentos biocerâmicos. (PBS biocerâmicos (AD BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus MTAHP, (MTAHP comprimento 15 5 1, parede 24h h n 14 37C 37 95 inicial pH 6,5 65 6 7,0 70 7 0 2 dias n=4. n4 n=4 . (n=4) período 0,001g. 0001g g 0,001g 001g (0,001g) avaliada α=0,05. α005 α α=0,05 05 (α=0,05) p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 (p<0,05) 3 9 6, 7, n= (n=4 (0,001g α00 α=0,0 (α=0,05 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 (n= α0 α=0, (α=0,0 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 α=0 (α=0, p<0 (p<0, α= (α=0 p< (p<0 (α= (p< (α (p

Abstract Introduction Repair materials must have low solubility. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) allows simulating clinical condition and interaction with dentin may be important for the correct evaluate of mass loss of bioceramic cements. Objective To evaluate the effect of distilled water (DW), or PBS immersion on the solubility of Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus) or MTA Repair HP (MTAHP, Angelus) using a dentin tube model. Material and method Bovine dentin tubes with a length of 4 mm, an internal diameter of 1.5 mm and walls thickness of approximately 1 mm were made. The specimens were immersed in DW for 24h, then filled with BCR or MTAHP (n = 14) and stored in an oven at 37°C and 95% humidity for 24h. After being weighed on a precision balance to determine the initial mass, the specimens were immersed in DW (pH 6.5) or PBS (pH 7.0) (n = 7) for 28 days. Empty tubes also were used for calculating the mass loss of the dentin (n=4). After this period, the specimens were weighed until stabilization of the final mass occurred (0.001g). The solubility of each material was evaluated. ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests were performed (α=0.05). Result BCR and MTAHP showing gain of mass in DW and mass loss in PBS (p<0.05). Conclusion The immersion solution influenced the solubility of BCR and MTAHP using dentin tube model. The new methodological proposal could be an alternative to ISO standards for testing the solubility of bioceramic cements. (PBS cements DW, , (DW) BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus MTAHP, (MTAHP model 15 5 1. made 24h h n 14 37C 37 95 pH 6.5 65 6 7.0 70 7 0 2 days n=4. n4 n=4 . (n=4) period 0.001g. 0001g g 0.001g 001g (0.001g) evaluated α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 05 (α=0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) (DW 3 9 6. 7. n= (n=4 (0.001g α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 (n= α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 α=0 (α=0. p<0 (p<0. α= (α=0 p< (p<0 (α= (p< (α (p

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the quantification of hard-tissue debris by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and nano-focus computed tomography (nano-CT) after root canal instrumentation. Ten mandibular molars containing an isthmus in the mesial root were scanned in a SkyScan 1172 micro-CT device with a voxel size of 12.8 µm and in a NanoTom nano-CT device with 5.5 µm. The mesial root canals were irrigated with 5 mL of saline solution at the orifice level, instrumented with Reciproc R25 files and a second scanning was performed by micro-CT and nano-CT devices for post-instrumentation images. DataViewer software was used for registering the pre- and post-operative micro-CT and nano-CT images. The root canal and the debris were segmented for quantitative analysis of the volume of the canal and volume of debris using CTAn software. Statistical analysis was performed using the T test for comparison between volume of the canal after instrumentation and volume of debris in both image modalities. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Nano-CT images showed higher values of debris when compared with micro-CT (p < 0.05) after root canal instrumentation. No difference was observed between the volume of the root canal after instrumentation in the two imaging methods used (p > 0.05). Nano-CT technology can be recommended as a more precise method for quantitative analysis of hard-tissue debris. Moreover, in Endodontic research it is a promising method, as it is capable of providing higher spatial and contrast resolution, faster scanning and higher image quality. hardtissue hard tissue microcomputed micro microCT CT (micro-CT nanofocus nano focus nanoCT (nano-CT 117 128 12 8 12. 55 5. R R2 postinstrumentation post pre postoperative operative modalities 005 0 05 0.05 NanoCT Nano . Moreover resolution quality 11 1 00 0.0 0.

Resumen Cetrimida (CTR) es un detergente y surfactante catiónico con actividad antimicrobiana y antibiofilm. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el tiempo de fraguado, pH, solubilidad y actividad antibiofilm del cemento de silicato tricálcico (CST) con óxido de zirconio (ZrO2) y su asociación con CTR a 0.2% y 0.4%. Tiempo de fraguado inicial y final (TFI y TFF) fueron determinados con base en las normas ISO-6876. pH fue evaluado en los períodos de 1,3, 7,14 y 21 días. Solubilidad fue analizada por la pérdida de masa/peso. El test de contacto directo modificado (TCDM) fue realizado sobre biofilm de Enterococcus faecalis formado en dentina radicular bovina, después de 6 horas de manipulación de los cementos y 15 horas de contacto. El análisis fue realizado por la cuantificación de UFC mL¯¹. Los datos fueron analizados usando las pruebas de ANOVA y Tukey (α=0.05). Mayor TFI fue observado para CST/ ZrO2+CTR en las dos concentraciones que para TSC/ZrO2 y menor TFF para TSC/ ZrO2+CTR 0.4% (p<0.05). En 1 día, TSC/ZrO2 mostró menor pH que las asociaciones con CTR (p<0.05). En los otros períodos, TSC/ZrO2 y las asociaciones promovieron alcalinización de forma similar (p>0.05). Todos los materiales mostraron aumento de masa. TSC/ZrO2+CTR 0.4% tuvo menor gano de masa que los otros materiales (p<0.05). Mayor actividad antibiofilm fue observado para CST/ZrO2+CTR en las dos concentraciones, cuando comparados con el grupo control positivo (p<0.05). En conclusión, CTR demostró potencial para promover superior actividad antibiofilm al cemento de silicato tricálcico (CST), sin perjudicar sus propiedades físico-químicas de tiempo de fraguado, pH y solubilidad.

Abstract Cetrimide (CTR) is a cationic surfactant detergent with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate setting time, pH, solubility and antibiofilm activity of tricalcium silicate cement (TSC) with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and its association with 0.2 and 0.4% cetrimide. Initial and final setting times (IST and FST) were assessed based on ISO-6876. pH was evaluated at periods of 1,3,7,14 and 21 days. Solubility was analyzed by weight loss. A modified direct contact test (MDCT) on the biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis formed on bovine root dentin blocks was performed, after 6 hours of manipulation and 15 hours of contact time. The analysis was performed by UFC mL ¯¹ counting. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α=0.05). Higher IST was observed for TSC/ZrO2+CTR in both concentrations than for TSC/ZrO2 and lower FST for TSC/ZrO2+0.4% CTR (p<0.05). On day 1, TSC/ZrO2 showed lower pH than the associations with CTR (p<0.05). During the other periods, TSC/ZrO2 and associations promoted similar alkalinization (p>0.05). All materials exhibited increased mass. TSC/ZrO2+CTR 0.4% had lower mass gain than the other materials (p<0.05). The highest antibiofilm activity was observed for TSC/ZrO2+CTR in both concentrations, when compared with the positive control (p<0.05). In conclusion, CTR exhibited potential to promote greater antibiofilm activity to tricalcium silicate cement, without harming its physicochemical properties of setting time, pH and solubility.