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Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium leprae in the state of São Paulo, an area of low-leprosy incidence in Brazil Paulo lowleprosy low leprosy
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Finardi, Amanda Juliane

; Oliveira, Nathan Guilherme de

; Moraes, Eloise Brasil de

; Batista, Lavínia Cássia Ferreira

; Bortolomai, Bruna Eduarda

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Baptista, Ida Maria Foschiani Dias

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2023, Volume 56 elocation e0612-2022

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Brazil has the second largest number of leprosy cases worldwide, and the state of São Paulo has been considered non-endemic since 2006. Methods: We analyzed 16 variable number tandem repeats loci and three single nucleotide polymorphisms loci of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) in 125 clinical isolates from patients in different municipalities in the state. Results: The clustering pattern of M. leprae indicated that the transmission of leprosy persisted in the state and included scenarios of intra-extra-familial transmission in areas with low endemicity. Conclusions: A significantly active circulation of M. leprae was observed. Therefore, surveillance and control measures must be implemented. Background worldwide nonendemic non endemic 2006 Methods 1 M (M 12 Results intraextrafamilial intra extra familial endemicity Conclusions observed Therefore implemented 200 20 2

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0612-2022

Heterogeneous persistence of Mycobacterium leprae in oral and nasal mucosa of multibacillary patients during multidrug therapy
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Neumann, Arthur da Silva

; Fontes, Amanda Nogueira Brum

; Lopes, Márcia Quinhones Pires

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Moraes, Milton Ozório

; Lara, Flávio Alves

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2022, Volume 117 elocation e220058

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Leprosy is curable by multidrug therapy (MDT) treatment regimen ranging from six to 12 months. The variable levels of tolerance and adherence among patients can, however, result in treatment failure and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. OBJECTIVES Describe the impact of MDT over Mycobacterium leprae viability in patient’s oral and nasal mucosa along treatment. METHODS Mycobacterium leprae viability was monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) quantification of 16S rRNA in lateral and contralateral scrapings of oral and nasal mucosa of 10 multibacillary patients along the initial five months of treatment. FINDINGS The results demonstrated high heterogenicity of M. leprae viability among patients and between nasal and oral samples. Of six patients who presented good adherence and tolerance to the treatment, only four displayed absence of M. leprae viability in both samples three months after the first MDT dose, while for the other two, the absence of M. leprae viability in the oral and nasal cavities was only detected five months after the first dose. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We concluded that qPCR of 16S rRNA for the determination of M. leprae viability in nasal and oral scraping samples could represent an interesting approach to monitor treatment efficacy.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220058

Tuberculosis drug resistance profiling based on machine learning: A literature review
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Sharma, Abhinav

; Machado, Edson

; Lima, Karla Valeria Batista

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Conceição, Emilyn Costa

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2022, Volume 26 Nº 1 elocation 102332

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a major threat to the World Health Organization's “End TB” strategy which has defined its target as the year 2035. In 2019, there were close to 0.5 million cases of DRTB, of which 78% were resistant to multiple TB drugs. The traditional culture-based drug susceptibility test (DST - the current gold standard) often takes multiple weeks and the necessary laboratory facilities are not readily available in low-income countries. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology is rapidly becoming an important tool in clinical and research applications including transmission detection or prediction of DR-TB. For the latter, many tools have recently been developed using curated database(s) of known resistance conferring mutations. However, documenting all the mutations and their effect is a time-taking and a continuous process and therefore Machine Learning (ML) techniques can be useful for predicting the presence of DR-TB based on WGS data. This can pave the way to an earlier detection of drug resistance and consequently more efficient treatment when compared to the traditional DST.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102332

Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Brazil before the whole genome sequencing era: a literature review
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Conceição, Emilyn Costa

; Salvato, Richard Steiner

; Gomes, Karen Machado

; Guimarães, Arthur Emil dos Santos

; da Conceição, Marília Lima

; Souza e Guimarães, Ricardo José de Paula

; Sharma, Abhinav

; Furlaneto, Ismari Perini

; Barcellos, Regina Bones

; Bollela, Valdes Roberto

; Anselmo, Lívia Maria Pala

; Sisco, Maria Carolina

; Niero, Cristina Viana

; Ferrazoli, Lucilaine

; Refrégier, Guislaine

; Lourenço, Maria Cristina da Silva

; Gomes, Harrison Magdinier

; de Brito, Artemir Coelho

; Catanho, Marcos

; Duarte, Rafael Silva

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Lima, Karla Valéria Batista

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2021, Volume 116 elocation e200517

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Molecular-typing can help in unraveling epidemiological scenarios and improvement for disease control strategies. A literature review of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in Brazil through genotyping on 56 studies published from 1996-2019 was performed. The clustering rate for mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) of 1,613 isolates were: 73%, 33% and 28% based on 12, 15 and 24-loci, respectively; while for RFLP-IS6110 were: 84% among prison population in Rio de Janeiro, 69% among multidrug-resistant isolates in Rio Grande do Sul, and 56.2% in general population in São Paulo. These findings could improve tuberculosis (TB) surveillance and set up a solid basis to build a database of Mycobacterium genomes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760200517 744 downloads

Newly sequenced genomes of four Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccines
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Sisco, Maria Carolina

; Silva, Marlei Gomés

; Lopez, Beatriz

; Arguelles, Claudia

; Mendonça-Lima, Leila

; de Waard, Jacobus H

; Duarte, Rafael Silva

; Suffys, Philip Noel

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2020, Volume 115 elocation e190401

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccines comprise a family of related strains. Whole genome sequencing has allowed the better characterisation of the differences between many of the BCG vaccines. As sequencing technologies improve, updating of publicly available sequence data becomes common practice. We hereby announce the draft genome of four commonly used BCG vaccines in Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760190401 669 downloads

Evaluation of drug susceptibility profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 1 from Brazil based on whole genome sequencing and phenotypic methods
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Guimarães, Arthur Emil dos Santos

; Sharma, Abhinav

; Furlaneto, Ismari Perini

; Rutaihwa, Liliana

; Cardoso, Jedson Ferreira

; da Conceição, Marília Lima

; Spinassé, Lizânia Borges

; Machado, Edson

; Lopes, Maria Luiza

; Duarte, Rafael Silva

; Gagneux, Sebastien

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Lima, Karla Valéria Batista

; Conceição, Emilyn Costa

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2020, Volume 115 elocation e200520

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND The evaluation of procedures for drug susceptibility prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on genomic data against the conventional reference method test based on culture is realistic considering the scenario of growing number of tools proposals based on whole-genome sequences (WGS). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate drug susceptibility testing (DST) outcome based on WGS tools and the phenotypic methods performed on isolates of M. tuberculosis Lineage 1 from the state of Pará, Brazil, generally associated with low levels of drug resistance. METHODOLOGY Culture based DST was performed using the Proportion Method in Löwenstein-Jensen medium on 71 isolates that had been submitted to WGS. We analysed the seven main genome sequence-based tools for resistance and lineage prediction applied to M. tuberculosis and for comparison evaluation we have used the Kappa concordance test. FINDINGS When comparing the WGS-based tools against the DST, we observed the highest level of agreement using TB-profiler. Among the tools, TB-profiler, KvarQ and Mykrobe were those which identified the largest number of TB-MDR cases. Comparing the four most sensitive tools regarding resistance prediction, agreement was observed for 43 genomes. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Drug resistance profiling using next-generation sequencing offers rapid assessment of resistance-associated mutations, therefore facilitating rapid access to effective treatment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760200520 427 downloads

Antiretroviral therapy-induced paradoxical worsening of previously healed Mycobacterium haemophilum cutaneous lesions in advanced HIV infection
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Eyer-Silva, Walter de Araujo

; Almeida, Marina Rodrigues de

; Martins, Carlos José

; Basílio-de-Oliveira, Rodrigo Panno

; Araujo, Luciana Ferreira de

; Basílio-de-Oliveira, Carlos Alberto

; Azevedo, Marcelo Costa Velho Mendes de

; Pinto, Jorge Francisco da Cunha

; Vasconcellos, Sidra Ezidio Gonçalves

; Rodrigues-dos-Santos, Ícaro

; MagdinierGomes, Harrison

; Suffys, Philip Noel

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2019, Volume 61 elocation e71

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium haemophilum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that causes localized or disseminated disease, mainly in immunocompromised hosts. We report the case of a 35-year-old HIV-infected woman who presented with several enlarging cutaneous lesions over the arms and legs. Histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of a cutaneous mycobacterial disease. Mycobacterial analyses unveiled M. haemophilum infection. Six months after completion of a successful antimycobacterial treatment, she developed an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This paradoxical relapse presented as tenderness, redness and swelling at the precise sites of the healed lesions and took place in the setting of significant recovery of the CD4 cell count (from 05 to 318 cells/mm 3 ). Microbiological analyses of these worsening lesions were negative, and they spontaneously remitted without the initiation of a novel antimycobacterial treatment cycle. M. haemophilum infection should always be considered as a cause of skin lesions in immunocompromised subjects. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of IRIS as a complication of successful antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients with M. haemophilum infection.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201961071 412 downloads

Comparative study of RFLP-IS6110 and MIRU-VNTR from Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Augusto, Cláudio José

; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva

; Almeida, Isabela Neves de

; Figueiredo, Lida Jouca de Assis

; Dantas, Nayanne Gama Teixeira

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Set 2018, Volume 49 Nº 3 Páginas 641 - 646

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract DNA genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been widely applied in the understanding of disease transmission in many countries. The purpose of this study was to genotype the strains of M. tuberculosis isolated in patients with new tuberculosis (TB) cases in Minas Gerais, as well as to compare the similarity, discriminatory power, and agreement of the clusters between the IS6110 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorfism (RFLP) and 12 loci Variable Number Tandem Repeat - Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units (MIRU-VNTR) techniques. It was observed that 32% (66/204) of the isolated strains in the RFLP-IS6110 and 50.9% (104/204) of the isolated strains in the MIRU-VNTR presented a similarity of equal to or above 85%. The RFLP-IS6110 and MIRU-VNTR proved to contain a high discriminatory power. The similarity index resulting from the RFLP showed no recent transmission. Good agreement was observed between the techniques when clusters were detected; however, the best epidemiological relationship was found when using the RFLP-IS6110.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.04.015 806 downloads

Risk factors for human Mycobacterium bovis infections in an urban area of Brazil
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Silva, Marcio Roberto

; Rocha, Adalgiza da Silva

; Araújo, Flábio Ribeiro

; Fonseca-Júnior, Antônio Augusto

; Alencar, Andrea Padilha de

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Costa, Ronaldo Rodrigues da

; Moreira, Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo

; Guimarães, Mark Drew Crosland

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2018, Volume 113 Nº 8 elocation e170445

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified human zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium bovis as a neglected issue in the developing world. In a recent cross-sectional study in Brazil, three of 189 TB patients presented with a coinfection of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis and were selected as cases for this study. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate risk factors (RF) for zoonotic TB in an urban area of Brazil in order to guide preventive programmes. METHODS A matched case-control study was carried out nested within a cross-sectional study. For each of the three cases, 14 age- and sex-matched controls (TB due to M. tuberculosis) were selected. FINDINGS Zoonotic potential exposures (ZE) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) were independently associated with zoonotic TB in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS ZE by occupation and consumption of raw milk and derivative products that place individuals in direct and indirect contact with animals and their excretions/secretions increase the risk for zoonotic TB in Brazil, especially among those with EPTB. Therefore, measures such as efficient control of bovine TB, distribution of pasteurised milk and its derivative products, and the diagnosis and monitoring of zoonotic TB in humans are essential steps, especially in developing countries where bovine TB is enzootic, and further studies are necessary.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170445 2022 downloads

10.

Clinical and epidemiological profiles of individuals with drug-resistant tuberculosis
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Pedro, Heloisa da Silveira Paro

; Nardi, Susilene Maria Tonelli

; Pereira, Maria Izabel Ferreira

; Oliveira, Rosângela Siqueira

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Gomes, Harrison Magdinier

; Finardi, Amanda Juliane

; Moraes, Eloise Brasil de

; Baptista, Ida Maria Foschiani Dias

; Machado, Ricardo Luiz Dantas

; Castiglioni, Lilian

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Abr 2015, Volume 110 Nº 2 Páginas 235 - 248

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a growing global threat. Approximately 450,000 people developed multidrug-resistant TB worldwide in 2012 and an estimated 170,000 people died from the disease. This paper describes the sociodemographic, clinical-epidemiological and bacteriological aspects of TB and correlates these features with the distribution of anti-TB drug resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) cultures and drug susceptibility testing were performed according to the BACTEC MGIT 960 method. The results demonstrated that MT strains from individuals who received treatment for TB and people who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus were more resistant to TB drugs compared to other individuals (p < 0.05). Approximately half of the individuals received supervised treatment, but most drug-resistant cases were positive for pulmonary TB and exhibited positive acid-fast bacilli smears, which are complicating factors for TB control programs. Primary healthcare is the ideal level for early disease detection, but tertiary healthcare is the most common entry point for patients into the system. These factors require special attention from healthcare managers and professionals to effectively control and monitor the spread of TB drug-resistant cases.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760140316 2214 downloads

11.

In house reverse membrane hybridisation assay versus GenoType MTBDRplus and their performance to detect mutations in the genes rpoB, katG and inhA
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Ferreira Junior, Sergio Luiz Montego

; Costa, Elis Regina Dalla

; Santos, Paula Gonçalves dos

; Gomes, Harrison Magdinier

; Silva, Marcia Susana Nunes

; Esteves, Leonardo Souza

; Oliveira, Martha Maria

; Maschmann, Raquel de Abreu

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Rossetti, Maria Lucia Rosa

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Jun 2014, Volume 109 Nº 3 Páginas 307 - 314

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) threatens global TB control and is a major public health concern in several countries. We therefore developed a multiplex assay (LINE-TB/MDR) that is able to identify the most frequent mutations related to rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) resistance. The assay is based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction, membrane hybridisation and colorimetric detection targeting of rpoB and katG genes, as well as the inhA promoter, which are all known to carry specific mutations associated with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). The assay was validated on a reference panel of 108 M. tuberculosis isolates that were characterised by the proportion method and by DNA sequencing of the targets. When comparing the performance of LINE-TB/MDR with DNA sequencing, the sensitivity, specificity and agreement were 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively, for RMP and 77.6%, 90.6% and 88.9%, respectively, for INH. Using drug sensibility testing as a reference standard, the performance of LINE-TB/MDR regarding sensitivity, specificity and agreement was 100%, 100% and 100% (95%), respectively, for RMP and 77%, 100% and 88.7% (82.2-95.1), respectively, for INH. LINE-TB/MDR was compared with GenoType MTBDRplus for 65 isolates, resulting in an agreement of 93.6% (86.7-97.5) for RIF and 87.4% (84.3-96.2) for INH. LINE-TB/MDR warrants further clinical validation and may be an affordable alternative for MDR-TB diagnosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130469 1524 downloads

12.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the state of Rondonia, Brazil
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Lima, Cleoni Alves Mendes de

; Gomes, Harrison Magdinier

; Oelemann, Maranibia Aparecida Cardoso

; Ramos, Jesus Pais

; Caldas, Paulo Cezar

; Campos, Carlos Eduardo Dias

; Pereira, Marcia Aparecida da Silva

; Montes, Fatima Fandinho Onofre

; Oliveira, Maria do Socorro Calixto de

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Moura, Maria Manuela da Fonseca

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Jun 2013, Volume 108 Nº 4 Páginas 457 - 462

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The main cause of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). We aimed to evaluate the contribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to pulmonary disease in patients from the state of Rondônia using respiratory samples and epidemiological data from TB cases. Mycobacterium isolates were identified using a combination of conventional tests, polymerase chain reaction-based restriction enzyme analysis of hsp65 gene and hsp65 gene sequencing. Among the 1,812 cases suspected of having pulmonary TB, 444 yielded bacterial cultures, including 369 cases positive for MTB and 75 cases positive for NTM. Within the latter group, 14 species were identified as Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium gilvum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobacterium tusciae, Mycobacterium porcinum, Mycobacterium novocastrense, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium holsaticum and 13 isolates could not be identified at the species level. The majority of NTM cases were observed in Porto Velho and the relative frequency of NTM compared with MTB was highest in Ji-Paraná. In approximately half of the TB subjects with NTM, a second sample containing NTM was obtained, confirming this as the disease-causing agent. The most frequently observed NTM species were M. abscessus and M. avium and because the former species is resistant to many antibiotics and displays unsatisfactory cure rates, the implementation of rapid identification of mycobacterium species is of considerable importance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-0276108042013010 3037 downloads

13.

Tuberculosis patients co-infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an urban area of Brazil
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Silva, Marcio Roberto

; Rocha, Adalgiza da Silva

; Costa, Ronaldo Rodrigues da

; Alencar, Andrea Padilha de

; Oliveira, Vania Maria de

; Fonseca Junior, Antonio Augusto

; Sales, Mariana Lazaro

; Issa, Marina de Azevedo

; Soares Filho, Paulo Martins

; Pereira, Omara Tereza Vianello

; Santos, Eduardo Calazans dos

; Mendes, Rejane Silva

; Ferreira, Angela Maria de Jesus

; Mota, Pedro Moacyr Pinto Coelho

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Guimaraes, Mark Drew Crosland

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Mai 2013, Volume 108 Nº 3 Páginas 321 - 327

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In this cross-sectional study, mycobacteria specimens from 189 tuberculosis (TB) patients living in an urban area in Brazil were characterised from 2008-2010 using phenotypic and molecular speciation methods (pncA gene and oxyR pseudogene analysis). Of these samples, 174 isolates simultaneously grew on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) and Stonebrink (SB)-containing media and presented phenotypic and molecular profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whereas 12 had molecular profiles of M. tuberculosis based on the DNA analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded tissue samples (paraffin blocks). One patient produced two sputum isolates, the first of which simultaneously grew on LJ and SB media and presented phenotypic and molecular profiles of M. tuberculosis, and the second of which only grew on SB media and presented phenotypic profiles of Mycobacterium bovis. One patient provided a bronchial lavage isolate, which simultaneously grew on LJ and SB media and presented phenotypic and molecular profiles of M. tuberculosis, but had molecular profiles of M. bovis from paraffin block DNA analysis, and one sample had molecular profiles of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis identified from two distinct paraffin blocks. Moreover, we found a low prevalence (1.6%) of M. bovis among these isolates, which suggests that local health service procedures likely underestimate its real frequency and that it deserves more attention from public health officials.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762013000300010 3619 downloads

14.

Genotyping of Mycobacterium leprae present on Ziehl-Neelsen-stained microscopic slides and in skin biopsy samples from leprosy patients in different geographic regions of Brazil
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Fontes, Amanda Nogueira Brum

; Gomes, Harrison Magdinier

; Araujo, Marcelo Ivens de

; Albuquerque, Edson Cláudio Araripe de

; Baptista, Ida Maria Foschiani Dias

; Moura, Maria Manuela da Fonseca

; Rezende, Denise Silva

; Pessolani, Maria Cristina Vidal

; Lara, Flávio Alves

; Pontes, Maria Araci de Andrade

; Gonçalves, Heitor de Sá

; Lucena-Silva, Norma

; Sarno, Euzenir Nunes

; Vissa, Varalakshmi D

; Brennan, Patrick J

; Suffys, Philip Noel

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Dez 2012, Volume 107 Supl. 1 Páginas 143 - 149

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

We analysed 16 variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) and three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in Mycobacterium leprae present on 115 Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N)-stained slides and in 51 skin biopsy samples derived from leprosy patients from Ceará (n = 23), Pernambuco (n = 41), Rio de Janeiro (n = 22) and Rondônia (RO) (n = 78). All skin biopsies yielded SNP-based genotypes, while 48 of the samples (94.1%) yielded complete VNTR genotypes. We evaluated two procedures for extracting M. leprae DNA from Z-N-stained slides: the first including Chelex and the other combining proteinase and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Of the 76 samples processed using the first procedure, 30.2% were positive for 16 or 15 VNTRs, whereas of the 39 samples processed using the second procedure, 28.2% yielded genotypes defined by at least 10 VNTRs. Combined VNTR and SNP analysis revealed large variability in genotypes, but a high prevalence of SNP genotype 4 in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Our observation of two samples from RO with an identical genotype and seven groups with similar genotypes, including four derived from residents of the same state or region, suggest a tendency to form groups according to the origin of the isolates. This study demonstrates the existence of geographically related M. leprae genotypes and that Z-N-stained slides are an alternative source for M. leprae genotyping.

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Mycobacterium leprae in six-banded (Euphractus sexcinctus) and nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in Northeast Brazil
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Frota, Cristiane Cunha

; Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Costa

; Rocha, Adalgiza da Silva

; Suffys, Philip Noel

; Rolim, Benedito Neilson

; Rodrigues, Laura Cunha

; Barreto, Maurício Lima

; Kendall, Carl

; Kerr, Ligia Regina Sansigolo

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Dez 2012, Volume 107 Supl. 1 Páginas 209 - 213

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Human beings are the main reservoir of the causative agent of leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae. In the Americas, nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) also act as a reservoir for the bacillus. In the state of Ceará (CE), which is located in Northeast Brazil and is an endemic area of leprosy, there are several species of armadillos, including D. novemcinctus and Euphractus sexcinctus (six-banded armadillo). Contact between humans and armadillos occur mainly through hunting, cleaning, preparing, cooking and eating. This study identified M. leprae DNA in the two main species of armadillos found in Northeast Brazil. A total of 29 wild armadillos (27 D. novemcinctus and 2 E. sexcinctus) were captured in different environments of CE countryside. Samples from the ear, nose, liver and spleen from each of these animals were tested by a nested M. leprae-specific repetitive element polymerase chain reaction assay. The samples that tested positive were confirmed by DNA sequencing. M. leprae was detected in 21% (6/29) of the animals, including five D. novemcinctus and one E. sexcinctus. This is the first Brazilian study to identify the presence of a biomarker of M. leprae in wild armadillos (D. novemcinctus and E. sexcinctus) in a leprosy hyperendemic area where there is continuous contact between humans and armadillos.

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