RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este estudo, quantificar o número e a frequência de folículos monocitários (MOF) e polioocitários (POF) provenientes de ovários de cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingo-histerectomia (OSH). Para tanto, coletaram-se os ovários (direito e esquerdo) de 38 cadelas após OSH, com posterior preparação e análise histológica. Cada ovário foi submetido a dois cortes histológicos (superficial e profundo) onde se quantificou o número e a classificação dos folículos, bem como o número de complexos cumulus oophorus (COCs) por folículo em cada corte histológico. Observaram-se MOF e POF em todos os ovários estudados, em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, sendo os folículos primários agrupados no córtex ovariano, frente a uma distribuição aleatória dos outros estádios foliculares. FOPs contendo dois, três, quatro ou mais COCs foram observados nos ovários de todas as fêmeas estudadas, e sua frequência tendeu a diminuir de acordo com o número de COC presente no POF. Não se observou influência da idade, do número e do intervalo de estros, assim como do número de filhotes por gestação sobre o número/frequência de FOP nos ovários das cadelas estudadas, enquanto o porte, o número de gestações, o uso e o número de contraceptivo apresentaram algum grau de influência sobre o número/frequência de FOP nos ovários das cadelas estudadas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify the number and frequency of monocyte (MnOF) and multi-oocyte (MtOF) follicles in ovaries of bitches subjected to ovary salpingohysterectomy (OSH). Right and left ovaries of 38 bitches were collected after OSH, prepared, and a histological analysis was carried out. The ovaries were subjected to surface and deep histological cuts; the follicles were classified, and the number of follicles and cumulus oophorus complexes (COC) per follicle were quantified for each histological cut. MnOF and MtOF were found in all ovaries, at different developmental stages; primary follicles were grouped in the ovarian cortex, and follicles at other follicular stages presented a random distribution. MtOF containing two, three, four, or more COC were found in the ovaries of bitches, with a decreasing frequency trend, according to the number of COC in the MtOF. The effect of the age, number of estrus, estrus interval, and number of progenies per delivery was not significant for the number and frequency of MtOF in the ovaries of the bitches, whereas the size, number of pregnancies, use and number of contraceptive applications had some effect on the number and frequency of MtOF in the ovaries of the bitches.

ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of operating time (t), current density (CD) and initial pH were investigated for soluble organic carbon (SOC) and total phosphorus (TP) removal from swine wastewater, pretreated in an UASB reactor, using an electrocoagulation process with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes. For the optimal conditions, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and Al removal, sludge production and energy consumption were evaluated. The removal efficiencies for the Al electrode were 78%, 96%, 84%, 99%, 65% and 84% for SOC, TP, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, respectively. For the Fe electrode the removal efficiencies were 57%, 96%, 81%, 99 % and 61% for SOC, TP, Cu, Zn and Mn, respectively. The sludge generated, energy consumption, and theoretical hydrogen yields were 5 g/L, 1-18 kWh/L and 0.7-8.5 kWh, respectively. The electrocoagulation process can be used for soluble organic carbon, phosphorus and metals removal from swine wastewater.

Resumo A poluição ambiental aumenta mundialmente, no mesmo ritmo que o desenvolvimento social e econômico. Este crescimento é, muitas vezes, desorganizado e proporciona um aumento da degradação dos recursos hídricos. Água, que já foi considerado inesgotável, tornou-se o foco das preocupações ambientais, pois é essencial para a vida e para muitos processos de produção. Este artigo aborda o monitoramento da qualidade da água, em três pontos do Rio dos Sinos, compreendendo o trecho superior, médio e inferior. Os pontos foram monitorados entre 2013 e 2014. As amostras de água foram analisadas para determinar os parâmetros físico-químicos complementarmente a genotoxicidade em peixes: metais (Cr, Fe, Al), demanda química de oxigenio, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, cloretos, condutividade, sólidos suspensos totais, fósforo total, coliformes totais e fecais, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, nitrogênio total Kjeldahl, nitrato e nitrogênio amoniacal. A avaliação de genotoxicidade foi conduzida pela exposição à água de diferentes pontos do rio de indivíduos da espécie Astyanax jacuhiensis. O grupo controle foi exposto à água de abastecimento público. Os resultados confirmam a presença de substâncias com potencial genotóxico nos pontos localizados nos trechos médio e inferior. No trecho superior, ponto 1, não houve diferenças em relação ao grupo controle. A diminuição da qualidade da água do trecho inferior quando comparada com o superior também foi confirmada através das análises físico-químicas, as quais indicaram uma redução na qualidade da água nos trechos inferiores, como o esperado devido ao grande escoamento de esgotos domésticos e industriais neste trecho do rio.

Worldwide environmental pollution is increasing at the same rate as social and economic development. This growth, however, is disorganized and leads to increased degradation of water resources. Water, which was once considered inexhaustible, has become the focus of environmental concerns because it is essential for life and for many production processes. This article describes monitoring of the water quality at three points along the Sinos River (RS, Brazil), one in each of the upper, middle and lower stretches. The points were sampled in 2013 and again in 2014. The water samples were analyzed to determine the following physical and chemical parameters plus genotoxicity to fish: metals (Cr, Fe, Al), chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, chlorides, conductivity, total suspended solids, total phosphorous, total and fecal coliforms, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total Kjeldahl nitrogen nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen. Genotoxicity was tested by exposing individuals of the species Astyanax jacuhiensis to water samples and then comparing them with a control group exposed to water from the public water supply. The results confirmed the presence of substances with genotoxic potential at the sample points located in the middle and lower stretches of the river. The results for samples from the upper stretch, at P1, did not exhibit differences in relation to the control group. The physical and chemical analyses did not detect reductions in water quality in the lower stretch, as had been expected in view of the large volumes of domestic and industrial effluents discharged into this part of the river.

The acidic peatlands of southern Brazil are ecosystems essential for the maintenance of the Atlantic Forest, one of the 25 hot-spots of biodiversity in the world. In this work, we investigated the composition of prokaryotic communities in four histosols of three acidic peatland regions by constructing small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene libraries and sequencing. SSU rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the prevalence of Acidobacteria (38.8%) and Proteobacteria (27.4%) of the Bacteria domain and Miscellaneous (58%) and Terrestrial (24%) groups of Crenarchaeota of the Archaea domain. As observed in other ecosystems, archaeal communities showed lower richness than bacterial communities. We also found a limited number of Euryarchaeota and of known methanotrophic bacteria in the clone libraries.

The collection efficiency of a laboratory scale plate-wire electrostatic precipitator, operating in the removal of airborne PM2.5, was carried out. The variables investigated were the applied potential (V), the gas velocity (v o), the diameter of the discharge electrodes (2rSE), the distance between electrodes (2c) and of the total precipitator length (L NE). The test particles were high grade alumina with median diameter of 0.6 micrometers and maximum diameter of 2.5 micrometers. The results showed, qualitatively, a good agreement with the theory of electrostatic precipitation. Quantitatively, the results were compared to predictions from two existing correlations from the literature and both underestimated the precipitator overall efficiency when using the assumption of pseudo-homogeneous electrical field strength. The predictions improved significantly when the field strength was calculated with the equation proposed by Kihm et al. (1985, 1987) and included a homogeneous space charge, as proposed by Riehle (1997).

Avaliaram-se o crescimento e a composição dos filés de juvenis de jundiá após 90 dias de alimentação com dietas contendo diferentes fontes protéicas. Foram utilizados 540 peixes, peso inicial=15,0±0,62g; comprimento inicial=11,98±0,35cm, distribuídos ao acaso em 18 tanques (30 peixes/tanque) com sistema de recirculação de água. Foram testadas seis dietas: 1 - farinha de carne e ossos + levedura (CL), 2 - farelo de soja + levedura (SL), 3 - farelo de soja (S), 4 - farinha de carne e ossos + farelo de soja (CS), 5 - farinha de peixe + levedura (PL) e 6 - farinha de peixe + farelo de soja (PS). Avaliaram-se: peso, comprimento total, taxa de crescimento específico, fator de condição, sobrevivência, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiência protéica e consumo diário. Também foram analisadas as composições do filé - umidade, proteína, lipídios, cinzas -, as taxas de deposição de proteína e gordura, além dos rendimentos de filé e carcaça. Maiores pesos, 111,5 e 108,6g, comprimento total, 22,6 e 21,6cm, e taxa de crescimento específico, 2,1 e 2,2%/dia, foram observados nos peixes alimentados com as dietas CS e PS. Os peixes alimentados com CS e PS também apresentaram maior deposição de proteína, 69,8 e 71,5mg/dia, e lipídios, 77,2 e 78,3mg/dia. A sobrevivência foi menor na dieta PS, 92,9%. Os maiores rendimentos de carcaça foram observados nos peixes alimentados com PS e PL, 82,9 e 82,7%, e o menor rendimento de filé ocorreu na dieta CL, 34,1%.

The growth and fillet composition of jundiá juveniles after 90 days being fed with diets containing different protein sources were evaluated. Five hundred and forty fish (initial weight: 15.00±0.62g; initial length: 11.98±0.35cm) were randomly distributed in 18 tanks (30 fish/tank), in a water re-use system. Six diets were tested: 1- meat and bone meal + yeast (CL), 2- soybean meal + yeast (SL), 3- soybean meal (S), 4- meat and bone meal + soybean meal (CS), 5- fish meal + yeast (PL,) and 6- fish meal + soybean meal (PS). The following parameters were evaluated: weight, total length, specific growth rate, condition factor, survival, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and daily consumption. Fillet composition (moisture, protein, lipid, and ash), protein and lipid depositions ratios, carcass and fillet yields were also determined. The highest values of weight (111.5 and 108.6g), total length (22.6 and 21.6cm), and specific growth rate (2.1 and 2.2%/day), were observed in fish fed CS and PS diets. Fish fed CS and PS diets also showed the highest protein (69.8 and 71.5mg/day), and lipid depositions (77.2 and 78.3mg/day). Survival was smaller in fish fed diet PS (92.86%). The highest values of carcass yield were observed in fish fed PL and PS diets (82.9 and 82.7%), and the lower fillet yield was observed in CL diet (34.1%).