Abstract Background Weight gain can trigger mechanisms that increase blood pressure. Nevertheless, obesity causes structural changes in the myocardium, including increased ventricular mass, atrial dilatation, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Additionally, blood pressure variations, like morning surge (MS) in obese hypertensive patients may have clinical relevance in cardiovascular events. Although morning blood pressure surge is a physiological phenomenon, excess MS can be considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Objective To evaluate MS values and their association with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and nocturnal dipping (ND) in obese and non-obese hypertensive patients. Methods A cross-sectional study that evaluated BP measurements by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and the presence of LVH by echocardiography in 203 hypertensive outpatients, divided into two groups: 109 non-obese and 94 obese hypertensives patients. The significance level was set at 0.05 in two-tailed tests. Results A MS above 20 mmHg by ABPM was detected in 59.2% of patients in the non-obese group and 40.6% in the obese group. LVH was found in 18.1% and 39.3% of patients in the non-obese and obese groups, respectively, p<0.001. In the “obese group”, it was observed that a MS>16 mmHg was associated with LVH, [prevalence ratio: 2.80; 95%CI (1.12–6.98), p=0.03]. For the non-obese group, the cut-off point of MS for this association was >22 mmHg. Conclusion High MS was positively associated with LVH, with a particular behavior in the hypertensive obese group.

Resumo Fundamento O aumento do peso frequentemente desencadeia mecanismos que elevam a pressão arterial. A obesidade causa mudanças estruturais no miocárdio, incluindo aumento da massa ventricular, dilatação atrial, bem como disfunções diastólicas e sistólicas. Além disso, variações pressóricas nos hipertensos obesos, como a ascensão matinal (AM), podem ter relevância clínica na prevenção dos eventos cardiovasculares. A AM da pressão arterial é um fenômeno fisiológico, que quando elevada pode ser considerada um fator de risco independente para eventos cardiovasculares. Objetivo Avaliar valores da elevação da AM e sua associação com a hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE) e com o Descenso do Sono (DS) em obesos e não obesos hipertensos. Métodos Estudo transversal que avaliou medidas pressóricas à monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) e a presença de HVE, avaliada pela ecocardiografia, em 203 pacientes hipertensos em tratamento ambulatorial, separados em dois grupos: 109 não obesos e 94 hipertensos obesos. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05 em testes bicaudais. Resultados A AM acima de 20 mmHg à MAPA foi detectada em 59,2% dos pacientes do grupo “não obesos” e em 40,6% no grupo “obesos”. A HVE foi encontrada em 18,1% no grupo dos não-obesos e em 39,3% no grupo de obesos, p<0,001. No grupo “obesos” foi observado que AM >16 mmHg esteve associada à HVE, com [razão de prevalência: 2,80; IC95% (1,12–6,98), p=0,03]. Para o grupo dos “não obesos”, o ponto de corte da AM para essa associação foi >22 mmHg. Conclusão A AM elevada associou-se positivamente com HVE, com comportamento peculiar na população de hipertensos e obesos.

Abstract: COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world in an unprecedented outbreak with a massive number of infected and fatalities. The pandemic was heavily discussed and searched on the internet, which generated big amounts of data related to it. This led to the possibility of attempting to forecast coronavirus indicators using the internet data. For this study, Google Trends statistics for 124 selected search terms related to pandemic were used in an attempt to find which keywords had the best Spearman correlations with a lag, as well as a forecasting model. It was found that keywords related to coronavirus testing among some others, such as “I have contracted covid”, had high correlations (≥0.7) with few weeks of lag (≤4 weeks). Besides that, the ARIMAX model using those keywords had promising results in predicting the increase or decrease of epidemiological indicators, although it was not able to predict their exact values. Thus, we found that Google Trends data may be useful for predicting outbreaks of coronavirus a few weeks before they happen, and may be used as an auxiliary tool in monitoring and forecasting the disease in Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo. Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico e clínico dos indivíduos mais propensos a se infectar com SARS-CoV-2 após o esquema vacinal completo, a fim de traçar o perfil dos grupos prioritários para receberem uma dose de reforço em situações de escassez de doses vacinais, bem como para manutenção dos cuidados de proteção individual. Métodos. Este estudo transversal utilizou dados de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 com idade ≥18 anos, esquema vacinal completo e diagnóstico positivo de infecção por SARS-CoV-2, coletados do banco de dados SIVEP-Gripe (Sistema de Informação da Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe) de 18 de janeiro a 15 de setembro de 2021. Foram analisados dados demográficos, sintomas clínicos e problemas médicos preexistentes (comorbidades). O desfecho primário foi óbito intra-hospitalar. Resultados. A maioria dos pacientes hospitalizados com infecção devido a escape vacinal tinha ≥60 anos, era do sexo masculino e tinha um quadro de COVID-19 grave ou gravíssimo. A letalidade foi extremamente alta (50,27%) e mais pronunciada nos grupos de pessoas idosas. Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram tosse, dispneia, desconforto respiratório e baixa saturação de oxigênio no sangue. As comorbidades mais frequentes foram cardiopatia e diabetes. Altas taxas de letalidade foram observadas entre os pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (72,88%) e os que precisaram de ventilação mecânica invasiva (87,82%). Os principais fatores de risco para um desfecho desfavorável foram idade avançada, comprometimento respiratório, imunização com vacina de vírus inativado e problemas médicos preexistentes. Conclusões. Caracterizamos o perfil dos pacientes brasileiros hospitalizados com infecção por COVID-19 devido a escape vacinal e os fatores de risco para desfecho desfavorável. Esses dados permitem identificar grupos prioritários para receber dose de reforço e continuar os cuidados de proteção individual.

ABSTRACT Objective. To characterize the epidemiological and clinical profile of individuals more likely to become infected with SARS-CoV-2 after the fully vaccination schedule in order to profile priority groups to receive a booster dose in situations of vaccine doses shortage as well as for maintenance of personal protective care. Methods. This cross-sectional study used data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged ≥18 years, who had been fully vaccinated and had a SARS-CoV-2 infection positive diagnosis collected from the SIVEP-Gripe database (Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System) from January 18, 2021 to September 15, 2021. Demographic data, clinical symptoms and preexisting medical conditions (comorbidities) were analyzed. The primary outcome was in-hospital death. Results. The majority of hospitalized patients with vaccine breakthrough infection were ≥60 years old, male, with critical or severe COVID-19. The fatality rate was extremely high (50.27%) and more pronounced in elderly groups. The most prevalent symptoms were cough, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and low blood oxygen saturation. The most frequent comorbidities were heart disease and diabetes. High fatality rates were observed among patients admitted to the intensive care units (72.88%) and those who required invasive mechanical ventilation (87.82%). The main risk factors for an unfavorable outcome were older age, respiratory compromise, inactivated virus vaccine immunization, and preexisting medical conditions. Conclusions. We characterized the profile of hospitalized Brazilian patients with COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection and the risk factors for an unfavorable outcome. These data allow to identify priority groups to receive a booster dose and to continue using personal protection.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Caracterizar el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de las personas con mayores probabilidades de contraer la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 luego de tener el esquema completo de vacunación, con el fin de definir los grupos de prioridad para la aplicación de la dosis de refuerzo en situaciones de escasez de dosis de vacunación, así como para el mantenimiento de los equipos de protección personal. Métodos. En este estudio transversal se emplearon datos de pacientes mayores de 18 años hospitalizados con COVID-19 que habían recibido la pauta completa de vacunación y tenían un diagnóstico positivo de infección por SARS-CoV-2, recabados de la base de datos SIVEP-Gripe (Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Gripe) en el periodo comprendido entre el 18 de enero del 2021 y el 15 de septiembre del 2021. Se analizaron datos demográficos, síntomas clínicos y trastornos médicos preexistentes (comorbilidades). El resultado primario fue la muerte hospitalaria. Resultados. La mayoría de los pacientes vacunados hospitalizados fueron varones mayores de 60 años con infección crítica o grave por el virus de la COVID-19. La tasa de letalidad fue extremadamente elevada (50,27 %) y más pronunciada en los grupos de edad avanzada. Los síntomas más prevalentes fueron tos, disnea, dificultad respiratoria y baja saturación de oxígeno en sangre. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron las cardiopatías y la diabetes. Se observaron altas tasas de letalidad entre los pacientes ingresados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (72,88 %) y los que necesitaron ventilación mecánica invasiva (87,82 %). Los principales factores de riesgo para un resultado desfavorable fueron la edad avanzada, dificultades respiratorias, inmunización con vacunas de virus inactivados y trastornos médicos preexistentes. Conclusiones. Se caracterizaron el perfil de los pacientes brasileños vacunados hospitalizados con COVID-19 por infección irruptiva de vacuna y los factores de riesgo de un resultado desfavorable. Estos datos permiten identificar los grupos de prioridad para recibir la dosis de refuerzo y continuar utilizando protección personal.

Abstract AIM This study investigated the correlation between post-exercise hypotension (PEH) and chronic blood pressure (BP) reduction in older women after a resistance training (RT) program. METHODS Twenty-five older women (≥60 years) performed a RT program for 8 weeks, 3x/week consisting of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum in 8 exercises. Acute and chronic BP measurements were performed using automatic equipment, in which acute BP was measured before and after 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min following the sixth exercise session, while chronic BP was measured pre and post-training. RESULTS Significant decrease for systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed after the intervention period, however, the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not change. To acute changes in BP, SBP decreased at all times after a single RT session, while DBP increased after 40 min. The reduction for SBP after a single RT session at baseline showed positive and significant correlations with the reductions in basal SBP observed after the 8 weeks of RT, the strongest correlations were observed at 20 min. A linear relationship between the magnitude of change in chronic SBP and the 20 min for acute SBP, and 30 min for acute DBP of post-exercise was observed. CONCLUSION The results suggest that acute BP lowering after RT session is a reliable predictor of chronic BP response to exercise training, and 20 min of resting, after RT training, is enough to indicate chronic response of BP as this measure was highly associated with chronic BP lowering in older women.