ABSTRACT Agroecological management is considered a model of sustainable agriculture that offers social, environmental and economic benefits. The hypotheses of this study were that agroecological production systems can promote changes in the physical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with aggregates of different origins, and that the greater diversity of plant species in the production system may favour an increase in the carbon concentration of these aggregates. The aim of this study was to a) determine the mass of the free light fraction (FLF), intra-aggregate light fraction (ILF) and light organic matter fraction (LOM) of biogenic and physiogenic soil aggregates; and b) quantify the organic carbon content of the three light SOM fractions and the residual particulate SOM fraction. Five production systems were evaluated: AgF - Agroforestry system; CSun - Coffee grown in full sun; CSha - Coffee grown in shade; FLE - Flemingia grown in alleys; and NT - No-tillage. The aggregates were separated, identified and classified according to their origin or formation pathway into biogenic (formed by biological processes) or physiogenic aggregates (resulting from chemical and physical actions). From these, the mass and carbon content of the FLF, ILF, LOM and residual particulate fractions were quantified. The greater diversity of plant species found in the AgF system has not yet favoured an increase in the carbon content of the aggregates. The longer set-up time and the management practices of the CSun system has led to an increase in the carbon content of the organic fractions of the aggregates (3.44-1.63 g kg-1 for C-LOM; 1.93-1.13 g kg-1 for C-FLF). The lowest overall mean values for LOM and ILF were found mainly in the aggregates of the NT system (1.22-1.67 and 1.55-2.20 g kg-1, respectively), being associated with the shorter time and greater mobilisation of the arable layer. Biogenic aggregation afforded the highest overall mean values for LOM, and increased the mass of the light fractions (15.5%-27.8% for FLF; 23.4%-8.0% for ILF) and the carbon in the C-LOM, C-FLF and residual particulate fractions (42.3%, 12.9%, and 35.0%, respectively) in the surface layer, suggesting an improvement in soil quality. social benefits (SOM origins FLF , (FLF) intraaggregate intra aggregate (ILF (LOM b evaluated sun shade alleys Notillage. Notillage No tillage. tillage No-tillage separated formed processes resulting actions. actions . actions) quantified setup set up 3.441.63 344163 3.44 1.63 3 44 1 63 (3.44-1.6 kg1 kg kg- CLOM C C-LOM 1.931.13 193113 1.93 1.13 93 13 1.93-1.1 CFLF. CFLF C-FLF) 1.221.67 122167 1.22 1.67 22 67 (1.22-1.6 1.552.20 155220 1.55 2.20 55 2 20 1.55-2.2 kg1, 1, respectively, respectively layer 15.5%27.8% 155278 15.5% 27.8% 15 5 27 8 (15.5%-27.8 23.4%8.0% 23480 23.4% 8.0% 23 4 0 23.4%-8.0 CLOM, 42.3%, 423 42 (42.3% 129 12 9 12.9% 350 35 35.0% quality (FLF 441 3.441.6 34416 344 3.4 163 1.6 6 (3.44-1. 931 1.931.1 19311 193 1.9 113 1.1 1.93-1. 221 1.221.6 12216 122 1.2 167 (1.22-1. 552 1.552.2 15522 155 1.5 220 2.2 1.55-2. 15.5%27.8 15527 15.5 278 27.8 (15.5%-27. 23.4%8.0 2348 234 23.4 80 8.0 23.4%-8. 42.3% (42.3 12.9 35.0 3.441. 3441 34 3. 16 1. (3.44-1 1.931. 1931 19 11 1.93-1 1.221. 1221 (1.22-1 1.552. 1552 2. 1.55-2 15.5%27. 15. 27. (15.5%-27 23.4%8. 23. 8. 23.4%-8 42.3 (42. 12. 35. 3.441 (3.44- 1.931 1.93- 1.221 (1.22- 1.552 1.55- 15.5%27 (15.5%-2 23.4%8 23.4%- 42. (42 (3.44 (1.22 15.5%2 (15.5%- (4 (3.4 (1.2 (15.5% ( (3. (1. (15.5 (3 (1 (15. (15

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to prepare and characterize Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) waste meal. The experimental design consisted of three treatments (carcass meal, mechanically separated meat meal - MSM, and head meal) and five replications of each treatment. Yield, microbiological quality, pH, water activity, proximate composition, energy value, mineral composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid composition, color, and particle size fractions and the geometric mean particle diameter (GMD) analyses were performed. Data were subjected to ANOVA, and means were compared by Tukey’s test at P < 0.05. Carcass, mechanically separated meat, and head meals had a protein content of 56.45%, 78.60%, and 50.33%, respectively, a lipid content of 7.16%, 13.15%, and 4.58%, respectively, and an ash content of 32.61%, 4.26%, and 38.41%, respectively. The mean yield of fish waste meals was 13%. Oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids in the three fish waste meals, and glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, and glycine were the major amino acids. Color analysis showed that lightness (L*) ranged from 55.32 to 77.19, redness (a*) from 4.44 to 4.88, and yellowness (b*) from 4.13 to 9.51. The GMD ranged from 0.37 to 0.99 mm. The results indicate that Nile tilapia waste meals have high nutritional value and adequate pH, water activity, and microbiological quality for use in human nutrition. ABSTRACT Oreochromis niloticus carcass MSM treatment Yield pH activity composition profile color (GMD performed ANOVA Tukeys Tukey s 005 0 05 0.05 Carcass 5645 56 45 56.45% 7860 78 60 78.60% 5033 50 33 50.33% respectively 716 7 16 7.16% 1315 13 15 13.15% 458 4 58 4.58% 3261 32 61 32.61% 426 26 4.26% 3841 38 41 38.41% 13% Oleic palmitic leucine lysine L* L (L* 5532 55 55.3 7719 77 19 77.19 a* (a* 444 44 4.4 488 88 4.88 b* b (b* 413 4.1 951 9 51 9.51 037 37 0.3 099 99 0.9 mm nutrition 00 0.0 564 5 56.45 786 6 78.60 503 3 50.33 71 1 7.16 131 13.15 4.58 326 32.61 42 2 4.26 384 38.41 (L 553 55. 771 77.1 (a 4. 48 8 4.8 (b 95 9.5 03 0. 09 56.4 78.6 50.3 7.1 13.1 4.5 32.6 4.2 38.4 77. 9. 56. 78. 50. 7. 13. 32. 38.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo preparar e caracterizar farinha de resíduos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O delineamento experimental consistiu em três tratamentos, farinha de carcaça, farinha de carne mecanicamente separada - CMS e farinha de cabeça, e cinco replicatas por tratamento. Foram realizadas análises de rendimento, qualidade microbiológica, pH, atividade de água, composição centesimal, valor energético, composição mineral, perfil de ácidos graxos, composição de aminoácidos, cor, frações granulométricas e o diâmetro médio geométrico das partículas (DMG). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). As farinhas de carcaça, de carne mecanicamente separada e de cabeça apresentaram teor de proteína de 56,45%, 78,60% e 50,33%, respectivamente, teor de lipídios de 7,16%, 13,15% e 4,58%, respectivamente, e teor de cinzas de 32,61%. 4,26% e 38,41%, respectivamente. O rendimento médio das farinhas de resíduos de peixe foi de 13%. Os ácidos oleico, palmítico e linoleico foram os principais ácidos graxos encontrados nas três farinhas de resíduos de peixe, e o ácido glutâmico, leucina, lisina e glicina foram os principais aminoácidos detectados nas farinhas. A análise de cor mostrou que a luminosidade (L*) variou de 55,32 a 77,19, o vermelho (a*) variou de 4,44 a 4,88 e o amarelo (b*) variou de 4,13 a 9,51. O GMD variou de 0,37 a 0,99 mm. Os resultados indicam que as farinhas de resíduos de tilápia do Nilo apresentam alto valor nutricional e pH, atividade de água e qualidade microbiológica adequados para uso na alimentação humana. RESUMO Oreochromis niloticus. niloticus . niloticus) tratamentos carcaça tratamento pH centesimal energético mineral DMG. DMG (DMG) P 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) 5645 56 45 56,45% 7860 78 60 78,60 5033 50 33 50,33% respectivamente 716 7 16 7,16% 1315 13 15 13,15 458 4 58 4,58% 3261 32 61 32,61% 426 26 4,26 3841 38 41 38,41% 13% oleico glutâmico leucina L* L (L* 5532 55 55,3 7719 77 19 77,19 a* (a* 444 44 4,4 488 88 4,8 b* b (b* 413 4,1 951 9 51 9,51 037 37 0,3 099 99 0,9 mm humana (DMG 00 0,0 564 5 56,45 786 6 78,6 503 3 50,33 71 1 7,16 131 13,1 4,58 326 32,61 42 2 4,2 384 38,41 (L 553 55, 771 77,1 (a 4, 48 8 (b 95 9,5 03 0, 09 56,4 78, 50,3 7,1 13, 4,5 32,6 38,4 77, 9, 56, 50, 7, 32, 38,

ABSTRACT The use of corn hybrids adapted to the soil and climate conditions of the cultivation region under adequate optimum plant density is a determining factor for the maximization of grain yield. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the productivity of corn hybrids under two sowing densities during the 2020/21 crop season in the medium-high Uruguay region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The corn hybrids AS1555 PRO3, B2401 PWU, B2418 VYHR, B2612 PWU, BG7061 YHR, DKB235 PRO3, NS45 VIP3, NS73 VIP3, NS80 VIP3, P2501, P3016 VYHR, P3565 PWU and 30F53 VYHR were submitted to densities of 66,667 and 88,889 plants ha-1, in a randomized block design with ten replications. Corn hybrids showed superior grain yield when subjected to the density of 88,889 plants ha-1 in the medium-high Uruguay region of Rio Grande do Sul, surpassing in most cases the state and national average yield of harvest 2020/21. Most of the corn hybrids used present potential for cultivation at higher sowing density than their respective recommendations. Considering the superior productivity of hybrids NS80 VIP3, B2401 PWU and NS73 VIP3, their cultivation under conditions similar to those of the study is recommended. sense 202021 2020 21 2020/2 mediumhigh medium high Sul AS AS155 PRO3 PRO B B240 B241 B261 BG BG706 YHR DKB DKB23 NS NS4 VIP3 VIP NS7 NS8 P2501 P P301 P356 F 30F5 66667 66 667 66,66 88889 88 889 88,88 ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 replications ha- recommendations recommended 20202 202 2 2020/ AS15 B24 B26 BG70 DKB2 P250 P30 P35 30F 6666 6 66,6 8888 8 88,8 20 AS1 B2 BG7 P25 P3 666 66, 888 88, P2

Abstract Background Memory complaints are frequent in older adults and are associated with higher risk of cognitive decline. Objective To investigate the functional outcome of individuals with memory complaints followed up at primary care centers. Methods Data were collected between 2016 e 2020 in primary health care centers in Brazil. Patients underwent the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery, and the Functional Activities Questionnaire. Results The initial sample (2016) comprised 91 individuals classified into those with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 15), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 45), or dementia (n = 31). During follow-up, 8 individuals (8.8% of the initial sample) died and 26 (28.5% of the initial sample) were not found. Fifty-seven participants underwent clinical reassessment. Of 15 individuals with SCD, 7 were not found (46.7%), 4 (26.7%) progressed to MCI, and 4 (26.7%) remained stable. Of 45 individuals with MCI, 11 were not found (24.4%), 2 (4.4%) died, 6 (13.4%) progressed to dementia, 12 (26.7%) regressed to SCD, and 14 (31.1%) remained stable. Of 31 individuals with dementia, 8 were not found (25.8%), 6 (19.4%) died, 2 (6.5%) regressed to SCD, 7 (22.6%) regressed to MCI, and 8 remained stable (25.8%). Clinical improvement was due to the treatment of reversible causes, such as B12 hypovitaminosis and mood disorders. Older age, lower Mini-Mental State Examination, and higher scores of memory complaint, but not the use of benzodiazepines and of proton pump inhibitors, were predictors of functional status. Conclusion Despite their limits (short sample size, missing data), these results support the idea that adequate screening, follow-up, and treatment of reversible causes of dementia in primary care are essential. 201 202 Brazil Battery Questionnaire (2016 9 SCD (SCD 15, , 15) MCI (MCI 45, 45) 31. . 31) followup, followup follow up, follow-up 8.8% 88 (8.8 28.5% 285 28 5 (28.5 Fiftyseven Fifty seven reassessment 1 46.7%, 467 46.7% 46 (46.7%) 26.7% 267 (26.7% 24.4%, 244 24.4% 24 (24.4%) 4.4% 44 (4.4% 13.4% 134 13 (13.4% 31.1% 311 (31.1% 3 25.8%, 258 25.8% 25 (25.8%) 19.4% 194 19 (19.4% 6.5% 65 (6.5% 22.6% 226 22 (22.6% 25.8%. B B1 disorders age MiniMental Mini Mental Examination complaint inhibitors status short size data, data data) screening essential 20 (201 8.8 (8. 28.5 (28. 46.7 (46.7% 26.7 (26.7 24.4 (24.4% 4.4 (4.4 13.4 (13.4 31.1 (31.1 25.8 (25.8% 19.4 (19.4 6.5 (6.5 22.6 (22.6 (20 8. (8 28. (28 46. (46.7 26. (26. 24. (24.4 4. (4. 13. (13. (31. 25. (25.8 19. (19. 6. (6. 22. (22. (2 ( (46. (26 (24. (4 (13 (31 (25. (19 (6 (22 (46 (24 (1 (3 (25

Resumo Antecedentes Queixas de memória são frequentes em idosos e estão associadas ao maior risco de declínio cognitivo. Objetivo Investigar o desfecho funcional de indivíduos com queixas de memória acompanhados em centros atenção primária. Métodos Os dados foram coletados entre 2016 e 2020 em centros de atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Os pacientes foram submetidos à Bateria Cognitiva Breve e ao Questionário de Atividades Funcionais. Resultados A amostra inicial (2016) foi composta por 91 indivíduos, classificados como tendo declínio cognitivo subjetivo (DCS, n = 15), comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL, n = 45), ou demência (n = 31). Durante o seguimento, 8 indivíduos (8,8% da amostra inicial) faleceram e 26 (28,5% da amostra inicial) não foram encontrados. Cinquenta e sete participantes foram submetidos à reavaliação clínica. Dos 15 indivíduos com DCS, 7 não foram encontrados (46,7%), 4 (26,7%) declinaram para CCL e 4 (26,7%) permaneceram estáveis. Dos 45 indivíduos com CCL, 11 não foram encontrados (24,4%), 2 (4,4%) morreram, 6 (13,4%) declinaram para demência, 12 (26,7%) evoluíram para DCS e 14 (31,1%) permaneceram estáveis. Dos 31 indivíduos com demência, 8 não foram encontrados, (25,8%), 6 (19,4%) morreram, 2 (6,5%) evoluíram para DCS e 7 (22,6%) para CCL; e 8 permaneceram estáveis (25,8%). A melhora clínica deveu-se ao tratamento de causas reversíveis, como hipovitaminose B12 e transtornos de humor. A idade avançada, a baixa pontuação no Mini-Exame do Estado Mental e os escores de queixa de memória mais altos, mas não o uso de benzodiazepínicos e inibidores da bomba de prótons, foram preditores de declínio funcional. Conclusão Apesar de suas limitações (amostra pequena, dados ausentes), esses resultados corroboram que a triagem adequada, o acompanhamento e o tratamento de causas reversíveis de demência na atenção primária são essenciais. 201 202 Brasil Funcionais (2016 9 (DCS 15, , 15) (CCL 45, 45) 31. . 31) seguimento 8,8% 88 (8,8 28,5% 285 28 5 (28,5 1 46,7%, 467 46,7% 46 (46,7%) 26,7% 267 (26,7% 24,4%, 244 24,4% 24 (24,4%) 4,4% 44 (4,4% morreram 13,4% 134 13 (13,4% 31,1% 311 (31,1% 3 25,8%, 258 25,8% 25 (25,8%) 19,4% 194 19 (19,4% 6,5% 65 (6,5% 22,6% 226 22 (22,6% 25,8%. deveuse deveu se B B1 humor avançada MiniExame Mini Exame altos prótons pequena ausentes, ausentes ausentes) adequada essenciais 20 (201 8,8 (8, 28,5 (28, 46,7 (46,7% 26,7 (26,7 24,4 (24,4% 4,4 (4,4 13,4 (13,4 31,1 (31,1 25,8 (25,8% 19,4 (19,4 6,5 (6,5 22,6 (22,6 (20 8, (8 28, (28 46, (46,7 26, (26, 24, (24,4 4, (4, 13, (13, 31, (31, 25, (25,8 19, (19, 6, (6, 22, (22, (2 ( (46, (26 (24, (4 (13 (31 (25, (19 (6 (22 (46 (24 (1 (3 (25

ABSTRACT Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson’s regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations. virus 1381 1 381 1,38 State Brazil antiHBc, antiHBc anti HBc, HBc antiHBs HBs features schedule Poissons Poisson s ratio 16 residing municipality, , municipality) area use 485 48 5 48.5% 27 38.9% 389 38 9 (38.9% concentrations p 0.001, 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) which responses measures locations 138 1,3 4 48.5 2 38.9 3 (38.9 000 0.00 00 1, 48. 38. (38. 0.0 (38 0. (3 (

ABSTRACT: Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly reported in soils and plants that occupy various ecological habitats, and the main source of contamination for cattle is silage. This report described a case of fetal loss associated with B. cereus infection in a cow. An 8-month-old, Nelore female bovine fetus from a beef farm was submitted for necropsy. A gross examination revealed fibrinous pleuropneumonia and fibrin exudation on the liver surface. The morphological diagnosis was restricted to the lungs and liver. In the lungs there was fibrinosuppurative pleuropneumonia associated with numerous aggregates of rod-shaped bacteria. In the liver there was moderate focally extensive fibrinous peri hepatitis.The lungs, liver, thoracic, and abomasal fluid cultures yielded pure cultures of B. cereus, indicating that these bacteria should be recognized as a cause of bovine abortion in fetuses that macroscopically present fibrin in the abdominal and thoracic cavity. ABSTRACT Grampositive Gram positive habitats silage B cow 8monthold, 8monthold monthold 8 month old, old 8-month-old necropsy surface rodshaped rod shaped hepatitisThe hepatitis cavity

RESUMO: Bacillus cereus é uma bactéria Gram-positiva, comumente encontrada em solos e plantas que ocupam diversos habitats ecológicos sendo a silagem a principal fonte de contaminação para bovinos. Este relato descreve um caso de perda fetal associada à infecção por B. cereus em uma vaca. Um feto bovino fêmea da raça Nelore, de oito meses de idade, procedente de uma fazenda de corte, foi submetido à necropsia. Ao exame macroscópico observou-se pleuropneumonia fibrinosa e exsudação de fibrina na superfície do fígado. Histologicamente, as lesões estavam restritas aos pulmões e fígado. Nos pulmões havia pleuropneumonia fibrinosupurativa associado a numerosos agregados de bactérias em forma de bastonete. No fígado haviaperi hepatitefibrinosa focalmente extensa moderada. As culturas de pulmão, fígado, líquido torácico e abomasal produziram cultura pura de B. cereus indicando que esta bactéria deve ser reconhecida como causa de aborto bovino em fetos que apresentem macroscopicamente fibrina nas cavidades abdominal e torácica. RESUMO Grampositiva, Grampositiva Gram positiva, positiva Gram-positiva bovinos B vaca Nelore idade corte necropsia observouse observou se Histologicamente bastonete moderada pulmão torácica

ABSTRACT A wide spectrum of renal complications can occur with acute and chronic use of cocaine. Most cases are related to rhabdomyolysis, but other mechanisms are malignant hypertension, renal ischemia, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) associated-ANCA vasculitis. In recent years, the use of cocaine adulterated with levamisole has been associated with ANCA vasculitis and pauci-immune RPGN. RPGN is clinically manifested as a nephritic syndrome with a rapid and progressive decline in renal function, and its histopathological finding is the presence of crescents in more than 50% of the glomeruli. We report a case of a 38-year-old man chronic user of cocaine, alcohol, and cigarettes who had red urine, oliguria, swollen legs and eyelids, as well as the uremic symptoms anorexia, emesis, and mental confusion. He was admitted with acute kidney injury and performed six hemodialysis sessions during the first 16 days of hospitalization and then was transferred to a tertiary hospital for diagnostic investigation. Tests of ANF (antinuclear factor), ANCA, anti-DNA, serology for hepatitis B, C, and HIV virus were negative. A renal percutaneous biopsy revealed crescentic glomerulonephritis with mild tubular atrophy. The patient underwent pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (for 3 days) and cyclophosphamide. Then he maintained daily prednisone and monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide and evolved with progressive improvement of renal function. rhabdomyolysis hypertension ischemia (RPGN associatedANCA years pauciimmune pauci immune function 50 glomeruli 38yearold yearold 38 year old alcohol urine oliguria eyelids anorexia emesis confusion 1 investigation antinuclear factor, factor , factor) antiDNA, antiDNA anti DNA, DNA anti-DNA B C negative atrophy 5

RESUMO Um amplo espectro de complicações renais pode ocorrer com o uso agudo e crônico de cocaína. A maioria dos casos está relacionada à rabdomiólise, mas outros mecanismos são hipertensão maligna, isquemia renal e glomerulonefrite rapidamente progressiva (GNRP) associada à vasculite por ANCA. Nos últimos anos, o uso de cocaína adulterada com levamisol tem sido associado à vasculite por ANCA e GNRP pauci-imune. A GNRP se manifesta clinicamente como uma síndrome nefrítica, com um declínio rápido e progressivo da função renal, e seu achado histopatológico é a presença de crescentes em mais de 50% dos glomérulos. Relatamos um caso de um homem de 38 anos, usuário crônico de cocaína, álcool e cigarros que apresentava urina vermelha, oligúria, pernas e pálpebras inchadas, além dos sintomas urêmicos, anorexia, êmese e confusão mental. Foi internado com lesão renal aguda e realizou seis sessões de hemodiálise durante os primeiros 16 dias de internação, e depois foi transferido para um hospital terciário para investigação diagnóstica. Os testes de ANF (fator antinuclear), ANCA, anti-DNA, sorologia para vírus da hepatite B, C e HIV foram negativos. Uma biópsia percutânea renal revelou glomerulonefrite crescente, com leve atrofia tubular. O paciente foi submetido à pulsoterapia com metilprednisolona (por 3 dias) e ciclofosfamida. Em seguida, ele manteve a prednisona diária e a ciclofosfamida intravenosa mensal e evoluiu com melhora progressiva da função renal. rabdomiólise maligna (GNRP anos pauciimune. pauciimune pauci imune. imune pauci-imune nefrítica 50 glomérulos vermelha oligúria inchadas urêmicos anorexia mental 1 internação diagnóstica fator antinuclear, antinuclear , antinuclear) antiDNA, antiDNA anti DNA, DNA anti-DNA B negativos crescente tubular seguida 5

ABSTRACT: Sorghum breeding programs are based predominantly on developing homozygous lines to produce single cross hybrids, frequently with relatively narrow genetic bases. The adoption of complementary strategies, such as genetic diversity study, enables a broader vision of the genetic structure of the breeding germplasm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of sorghum breeding lines using structure analysis, principal components (PC) and clustering analyses. A total of 160 sorghum lines were genotyped with 29,649 SNP markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The PC and clustering analyses consistently divided the R (restorer) and B (maintainer) lines based on their pedigree, generating four groups. Thirty-two B and 21 R lines were used to generate 121 single-cross hybrids, whose performances were compared based on the diversity clustering of each parental line. The genetic divergence of B and R lines indicated a potential for increasing heterotic response in the development of hybrids. The genetic distance was correlated to heterosis, allowing for the use of markers to create heterotic groups in sorghum.

RESUMO: Estudos sobre a microbiota fúngica de répteis e anfíbios são necessários para melhor compreender as interações hospedeiro-microrganismo e o estabelecimento de doenças fúngicas nesses animais. No entanto, esses estudos são limitados. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi identificar leveduras isoladas de répteis e anfíbios do bioma Caatinga e avaliar a produção de fatores de virulência, a sensibilidade a antifúngicos no crescimento planctônico e de biofilme e a patogenicidade de Candida famata. Vinte e nove isolados dos gêneros Candida, Cryptococcus e Rhodotorula foram identificados por métodos fenotípicos e/ou moleculares e a produção de enzimas hidrolíticas in vitro por esses gêneros de fungos foi avaliada. Além disso, foi avaliada a suscetibilidade de células planctônicas e biofilmes a azólicos e anfotericina B. A patogenicidade de C. famata, a espécie de levedura isolada mais prevalente, foi avaliada usando Caenorhabditis elegans. C. famata foi a levedura mais prevalente na microbiota de anfíbios e répteis. A produção de fosfolipase e protease foi observada em 18/29 e 11/29 dos isolados de levedura, respectivamente, enquanto 100% formaram biofilmes. O itraconazol apresentou altas concentrações inibitórias mínimas contra C. famata e C. tropicalis. A anfotericina B reduziu a biomassa e atividade metabólica dos biofilmes. C. famata induziu a mortalidade de C. elegans. Em conclusão, répteis e anfíbios são colonizados por leveduras capazes de produzir importantes fatores de virulência, especialmente por cepas de Candida spp. que apresentam baixa suscetibilidade a azólicos que podem resultar de desequilíbrio no ecossistema. Por fim, C. famata isolados desses animais apresentaram alta patogenicidade, mostrando a importância do estudo da microbiota fúngica de répteis e anfíbios.

ABSTRACT: Studies on the fungal microbiota of reptiles and amphibians are necessary to better understand of host-microbe interactions and the establishment of fungal disease in these animals. However, these studies are limited. The present researchidentified yeasts from free-ranging reptiles and amphibians from the Caatinga biome andevaluated the virulence factors production, the antifungal susceptibility in planktonic and biofilm growth and the pathogenicity of Candida famata isolates. Twenty-nine isolates of the genera Candida, Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula were identified by phenotypic and/or molecular methods and production of hydrolytic enzymes in vitro by these genera of fungi was evaluated. In addition, susceptibility of planktonic cells and biofilms to azoles and amphotericin B was evaluated. The pathogenicity of C. famata, the most prevalent yeast species isolated, was evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans model. C. famata was the most prevalent yeast in amphibian and reptilian microbiota. Phospholipase and protease production was observed in 18/29 and 11/29 of the yeast isolates, respectively, while 100% formed biofilms. Itraconazole presented high minimal inhibitory concentrations against C. famata and C. tropicalis. Amphotericin B reduced the biomass and metabolic activity of biofilms. C. famata induced the mortality of C. elegans. In conclusion, reptiles and amphibians are colonized by yeasts capable of producing important virulence factors, especially by Candida spp. that present low susceptibility to azoles which may result from imbalances in ecosystem. Finally, C. famata isolated from these animals presented high pathogenicity, showing the importance of the study of reptile and amphibians fungal microbiota.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe the hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers. METHODS: We performed a literature search in the SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Web of Science databases using the descriptors: “hepatitis B” AND (“informal recycling” OR “waste picker” OR “recyclable waste collectors” OR “solid waste segregator”) AND (“recyclable waste” OR “solid waste”) AND Brazil. Epidemiological studies on HBV in Brazilian waste pickers published prior to February 2020 were included and evaluated for quality and bias using a funnel plot. RESULTS: This meta-analysis consisted of five articles. Prevalence of HBV surface antigen seropositivity was 14% (95%CI: 6%–22%) in Brazilian waste pickers. CONCLUSION: HBV prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers remains high. There should be more campaigns showing the importance of vaccination and personal protective equipment use.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe the hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers. METHODS: We performed a literature search in the SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Web of Science databases using the descriptors: “hepatitis B” AND (“informal recycling” OR “waste picker” OR “recyclable waste collectors” OR “solid waste segregator”) AND (“recyclable waste” OR “solid waste”) AND Brazil. Epidemiological studies on HBV in Brazilian waste pickers published prior to February 2020 were included and evaluated for quality and bias using a funnel plot. RESULTS: This meta-analysis consisted of five articles. Prevalence of HBV surface antigen seropositivity was 14% (95%CI: 6%–22%) in Brazilian waste pickers. CONCLUSION: HBV prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers remains high. There should be more campaigns showing the importance of vaccination and personal protective equipment use.

Resumo Anaplasma marginale é uma bactéria Gram-negativa intracelular obrigatória de eritrócitos de ruminantes e responsável pela anaplasmose bovina. A diversidade genética de A. marginale tem sido caracterizada com base nas sequências das principais proteínas de superfície (MSPs), como a MSP1α. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a diversidade genética de A. marginale em bovinos no estado do Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil. Dessa forma, 343 amostras de sangue foram submetidas ao ensaio iELISA, utilizando-se a proteína recombinante MSP5. Das 343 amostras de sangue, 235 (68,5%) foram escolhidas aleatoriamente e submetidas à extração de DNA, qPCR e PCR convencional para gene msp1α, para determinação das sequências de aminoácidos e classificação dos genótipos. Os resultados do iELISA mostraram 81,34% de soropositividade (279/343), enquanto qPCR revelou 224 amostras positivas (95,32%). Dentre estas na qPCR, 67,4% (151/224) mostraram-se positivas no PCR convencional. Das 50 sequências obtidas, 21 cepas não haviam sido relatadas anteriormente. Em relação aos genótipos, H (26/50) e E (18/50) foram os mais frequentes, enquanto os genótipos F e C foram identificados apenas duas vezes cada, e B e G uma vez cada. Em conclusão, alta prevalência e marcante diversidade genética de A. marginale foram observadas em rebanhos leiteiros no estado do Maranhão.

Abstract Anaplasma marginale is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium found in ruminants’ erythrocytes and is the etiological agent of bovine anaplasmosis. The bacterium’s genetic diversity has been characterized based on sequences of major surface proteins (MSPs), such as MSP1α. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity of A. marginale in cattle in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. To this end, 343 blood samples were harvested and subjected to iELISA assays using the recombinant surface protein MSP5. Out of 343 blood samples, 235 (68.5%) were randomly chosen and submitted to DNA extraction, qPCR and conventional PCR targeting the msp1α gene to determine amino acid sequences and classify the genotypes. The iELISA results showed 81.34% seropositivity (279/343), whereas qPCR revealed 224 positive samples (95.32%). Among these qPCR-positive samples, 67.4% (151/224) were also positive in the cPCR. Among the 50 obtained sequences, 21 strains had not been previously reported. Regarding the genotypes, H (26/50) and E (18/50) were identified most often, while genotypes F and C were only identified twice each and B and G once each. In conclusion, high prevalence and genetic diversity for A. marginale were observed in dairy cattle herds in the state of Maranhão.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the overall critical thinking and the development of each of the cognitive skills or attributes that compose it in students of the undergraduate program in nursing through the creation of concept maps in two Brazilian teaching institutions. Method: Before-and-after experimental study, randomized, performed in two universities of two Brazilian regions, with a sample of 21 subjects at the A school and 56 at the B school. Data were collected through sociodemographic questionnaire and the California Critical Thinking Skills Test. Intervention consisted in the creation of four concept maps. Results: Scores measured for overall critical thinking do not differed between the groups of both schools; however, positive aspects among them were found for skills of evaluation, induction, and inference. Conclusion: We perceived validity as a facilitating teaching strategy of the use of concept maps in several aspects.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de pensamiento crítico general y el desarrollo de cada una de las habilidades o atributos cognitivos que lo componen de los estudiantes del grado en Enfermería, mediante la elaboración de mapas conceptuales en dos instituciones brasileñas de enseñanza. Método: Estudio experimental, aleatorizado, del tipo antes y después, realizado en dos instituciones de enseñanza de dos regiones brasileñas, con una muestra de 21 sujetos en la escuela A y 56 en la B. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante el cuestionario sociodemográfico y el estudio California Critical Thinking Skills Test. La intervención consistió en la elaboración de cuatro mapas conceptuales. Resultados: Las puntuaciones medidas para el pensamiento crítico general no difirieron entre los grupos de ambas escuelas, sin embargo, los aspectos positivos entre ellos fueron encontrados en las habilidades de evaluación, de inducción y de inferencia. Conclusión: Se reveló válido el uso de los mapas conceptuales en diversos aspectos como una estrategia de enseñanza facilitadora.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os níveis de pensamento crítico geral e o desenvolvimento de cada uma das habilidades ou atributos cognitivos que o compõem em estudantes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem por meio da construção de mapas conceituais em duas instituições brasileiras de ensino. Método: Estudo experimental, randomizado, tipo antes e depois, realizado em duas instituições de ensino de duas regiões brasileiras, com amostra de 21 sujeitos na escola A e 56 na B. Os dados foram coletados mediante o questionário sóciodemográfico e o California Critical Thinking Skills Test. A intervenção consistiu na construção de quatro mapas conceituais. Resultados: Os escores medidos para o pensamento crítico geral não diferiram entre os grupos de ambas escolas, entretanto, aspectos positivos entre eles foram encontrados para as habilidades de avaliação, indução e inferência. Conclusão: Foi percebida a validade enquanto estratégia de ensino facilitadora do uso dos mapas conceituais em diversos aspectos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os níveis de pensamento crítico geral e o desenvolvimento de cada uma das habilidades ou atributos cognitivos que o compõem em estudantes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem por meio da construção de mapas conceituais em duas instituições brasileiras de ensino. Método: Estudo experimental, randomizado, tipo antes e depois, realizado em duas instituições de ensino de duas regiões brasileiras, com amostra de 21 sujeitos na escola A e 56 na B. Os dados foram coletados mediante o questionário sóciodemográfico e o California Critical Thinking Skills Test. A intervenção consistiu na construção de quatro mapas conceituais. Resultados: Os escores medidos para o pensamento crítico geral não diferiram entre os grupos de ambas escolas, entretanto, aspectos positivos entre eles foram encontrados para as habilidades de avaliação, indução e inferência. Conclusão: Foi percebida a validade enquanto estratégia de ensino facilitadora do uso dos mapas conceituais em diversos aspectos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the overall critical thinking and the development of each of the cognitive skills or attributes that compose it in students of the undergraduate program in nursing through the creation of concept maps in two Brazilian teaching institutions. Method: Before-and-after experimental study, randomized, performed in two universities of two Brazilian regions, with a sample of 21 subjects at the A school and 56 at the B school. Data were collected through sociodemographic questionnaire and the California Critical Thinking Skills Test. Intervention consisted in the creation of four concept maps. Results: Scores measured for overall critical thinking do not differed between the groups of both schools; however, positive aspects among them were found for skills of evaluation, induction, and inference. Conclusion: We perceived validity as a facilitating teaching strategy of the use of concept maps in several aspects.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de pensamiento crítico general y el desarrollo de cada una de las habilidades o atributos cognitivos que lo componen de los estudiantes del grado en Enfermería, mediante la elaboración de mapas conceptuales en dos instituciones brasileñas de enseñanza. Método: Estudio experimental, aleatorizado, del tipo antes y después, realizado en dos instituciones de enseñanza de dos regiones brasileñas, con una muestra de 21 sujetos en la escuela A y 56 en la B. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante el cuestionario sociodemográfico y el estudio California Critical Thinking Skills Test. La intervención consistió en la elaboración de cuatro mapas conceptuales. Resultados: Las puntuaciones medidas para el pensamiento crítico general no difirieron entre los grupos de ambas escuelas, sin embargo, los aspectos positivos entre ellos fueron encontrados en las habilidades de evaluación, de inducción y de inferencia. Conclusión: Se reveló válido el uso de los mapas conceptuales en diversos aspectos como una estrategia de enseñanza facilitadora.

ABSTRACT Soils in alluvial plains of the lower course of the Acaraú River, Ceará State, Brazil, are weakly developed and have a complex distribution in the landscape. This study reports the pedogenic characterization of such soils in an effort to understand their formation. Soil pits were opened in four representative sites, profile morphology was described, and soil samples were collected for chemical, physical, mineralogical, and micromorphological analyses. All profiles had weak pedogenic development, as inferred from their morphological characteristics, lack of B horizon, and high silt/clay ratio. Organic carbon and particle size distributions were heterogeneous in Fluvisol, Planosol, and Solonchak, in agreement with their sedimentary nature. Intrinsic characteristics of each profile indicated variations in pedogenic processes related to depositional conditions, which, in turn, were determined by the alluvial nature of sediments and water table dynamics. Consequently, Fluvisols at higher elevations showed reduced pedogenic development. In adjacent areas, Planosols showed pores filled with clay minerals and a texture gradient, indicative of past lessivage. Vertisol was identified in small depressions and exhibited intense pedoturbation and high sodium concentration in deep layers. Solonchak had a high degree of hydromorphism, high sodium concentration, and high electrical conductivity. The distinct pedogenesis of alluvial plain soils in Northeastern Brazil is evidenced by their morphological, chemical, and physical properties.