Abstract The expansion of adipose tissue, characteristic of obesity, releases inflammatory cytokines, leading to metabolic disorders. Physical activity, on the other hand, promotes fat loss and changes inflammatory profile. This study aimed to investigate the associations of 20 gene variants (TLR2, TLR4, IL1B, IL6, NFKB1, TNF, NFKBIA, NLRC4, CARD8 and NEK7) with anthropometric and biochemical changes induced by physical exercise programs. Thus, 58 children and adolescents participated of the 12-week exercise programs. Parameters were collected before and after programs: body mass index, body fat percentage, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR and QUICKI. Changes in these parameters were calculated (final - initial measurements) for subsequent analyses. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between genotypes and changes in the analyzed parameters. We found associations between 14 variants in nine genes with anthropometrical and biochemical outcomes. Observing the distribution of the sample, the groups of individuals who responded less in relation to body fat and TG levels concentrated the highest scores of polygenic indexes as a result of a greater number of risk variants. In conclusion, some genotypes related to the inflammatory profile provided less favorable anthropometrical and biochemical outcomes in response to physical exercise programs. tissue obesity cytokines disorders activity hand 2 TLR2, TLR2 TLR (TLR2 TLR4 IL1B ILB IL B IL6 NFKB1 NFKB TNF NFKBIA NLRC4 NLRC CARD NEK7 NEK programs Thus 5 12week week 12 index percentage LDLC, LDLC LDL C, C LDL-C HDLC, HDLC HDL HDL-C triglycerides cholesterol insulin glucose HOMAIR HOMA IR QUICKI final measurements 1 sample conclusion (TLR

Abstract Enteroparasites are an important public health problem and the treatment seeks to cure and reduce transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of anthelmintic treatment in individuals living in a rural community area in Camamu, Bahia, Brazil. The parasitological diagnosis was performed by spontaneous sedimentation, Baermann-Moraes and Agar Plate Culture methods. A total of 212 individuals were evaluated. The most frequent helminth was Trichuris trichiura, 24.5% (52/212), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides, 21.2% (45/212), hookworms, 16.5% (35/212), and S. stercoralis, 4.7% (10/212). In the anthelmintic treatment follow up, T. trichiura infection presented the lowest parasitological cure rate, only 60.6% (20/33). Hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercoralis infections demonstrated cure rates of 70.5 (12/17), 78.1 (25/32) and 100% (5/5), respectively. Individuals who remained infected underwent a new drug therapy. The second parasitological cure rate for T. trichiura was 38.5% (5/13), and 66.7% (2/3) and 75% (3/4) for hookworms and Ascaris lumbricoides, respectively. Trichuris trichiura infection presented the lowest parasitological cure rate at this second evaluation. This reinforces the need to perform a follow-up of all treated individuals. The possibility of drug resistance denotes the necessity for studies to clarify the mechanisms and to evaluate new therapeutic approaches. transmission Camamu Bahia Brazil sedimentation BaermannMoraes Baermann Moraes methods 21 evaluated 245 24 5 24.5 52/212, 52212 52/212 , 52 (52/212) 2 21.2 45/212, 45212 45/212 45 (45/212) 165 16 16.5 35/212, 35212 35/212 35 (35/212) S 47 4 7 4.7 10/212. 10212 10/212 . 10 (10/212) up T 606 60 6 60.6 20/33. 2033 20/33 20 33 (20/33) Hookworm 705 70 70. 12/17, 1217 12/17 12 17 (12/17) 781 78 1 78. 25/32 2532 25 32 (25/32 100 5/5, 55 5/5 (5/5) respectively therapy 385 38 38.5 5/13, 513 5/13 13 (5/13) 667 66 66.7 2/3 23 3 (2/3 75 3/4 34 (3/4 evaluation followup approaches 24. 5221 52/21 (52/212 21. 4521 45/21 (45/212 16. 3521 35/21 (35/212 4. 1021 10/21 (10/212 60. 203 20/3 (20/33 121 12/1 (12/17 25/3 253 (25/3 5/ (5/5 38. 51 5/1 (5/13 66. 2/ (2/ 3/ (3/ 522 52/2 (52/21 452 45/2 (45/21 352 35/2 (35/21 102 10/2 (10/21 20/ (20/3 12/ (12/1 25/ (25/ (5/ (5/1 (2 (3 52/ (52/2 45/ (45/2 35/ (35/2 10/ (10/2 (20/ (12/ (25 (5 ( (52/ (45/ (35/ (10/ (20 (12 (52 (45 (35 (10 (1 (4

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a contagem de folículos antrais (CFA) e a morfologia ovariana de Bos indicus em diferentes faixas etárias: 12-23 meses (G1), 24-35 meses (G2), 36-47 meses (G3), 48-59 meses (G4) e >60 meses (G5). Os ovários foram coletados individualmente e enviados ao laboratório, onde suas características morfológicas foram medidas: CFA, diâmetro e peso dos ovários, do folículo dominante (FD, ≥8 mm), do corpo lúteo (CL) e dos folículos pequenos (SF, <8 mm). A CFA foi classificada como alta, intermediária-alta, intermediária-baixa e baixa. Um grupo de ovários foi submetido à aspiração folicular para avaliar a qualidade morfológica dos complexos cumulus oócitos (COCs) recuperados. A CFA média não variou entre as idades. A característica morfológica que se correlacionou mais intimamente com a CFA foi o peso dos folículos pequenos. Não houve relação entre a CFA e o peso e o diâmetro do FD e do CL. A qualidade dos COCs foi superior em ovários em que o CL estava presente, mas não variou entre as classes de CFA. Concluiu-se que a CFA pode ser realizada em um único ovário, independentemente da presença, do diâmetro e do peso do CL e do FD em zebuínos entre 12 e 60 meses de vida.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the antral follicle count (AFC) and the ovarian morphology of Bos indicus in different age groups: 12-23 months (G1), 24-35 months (G2), 36-47 months (G3), 48-59 months (G4), and >60 months (G5). Ovaries were collected individually and sent to the laboratory, where we measured AFC, the diameter and weight of the ovaries, dominant follicle (DF, ≥8mm), corpus luteum (CL), and small follicles (SF, <8mm). AFC were classified as high, intermediate-high, intermediate-low, and low. A group of ovaries was subjected to follicular aspiration to evaluate the morphological quality of the recovered cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). Mean AFC did not vary between ages. The morphological characteristic that was most closely correlated with AFC was the weight of the small follicles. There was no relationship between AFC and the weight and diameter of the DF and CL. Quality of the COCs was superior in ovaries in which the CL was present, but it did not vary between the AFC classes. We conclude that AFC can be performed on a single ovary, regardless of the presence, diameter, and weight of the CL and DF in zebu between 12 and 60 months old.

Abstract Lychnophorinae comprises 19 genera and 117 species. Its representatives are found mostly in the rocky grasslands (“campos rupestres”) of Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Goiás States, Brazil. This study presents a palynological investigation of 10 species belonging to the genus Piptolepis, endemic to the rocky grasslands of the Espinhaço Mountains, in Minas Gerais State. The plant material used in this investigation was obtained from specimens deposited in Brazilian herbaria. Pollen grains were processed by the acetolysis method, measured, described, and photomicrographed in light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological observations revealed Piptolepis pollen to be large, prolate spheroidal in most species, 3-colporate, ectoapertures long, sexine subechinolophate or sublophate. Endoapertures vary from almost circular, lalongate or lalongate, with a median constriction observed only in three species. Three types of spines were identified: prostrate and disorganized, elongated and narrow, and conical, erect, apex acute in the other species. This first palynological study of Piptolepis species allowed the separation of representatives of the genus using pollen keys. The most significant characters were pollen shape, ornamentation, endoaperture, and presence of median constriction in the endoaperture. The findings presented here do not support the infrageneric classification of Piptolepis, as pollen characters were not unique to any section.

RESUMO A hepatite E é uma zoonose emergente que afeta diversas espécies de mamíferos, inclusive o ser humano. É ocasionada por um vírus da espécie Orthohepevirus A que possui diversos genótipos e subgenótipos. No Brasil é descrito o genótipo HEV-3, cujo principal reservatório é o porco doméstico. Testes moleculares e sorológicos demonstram o HEV-3 em diferentes estados, tanto em animais quanto em humanos. No estado de São Paulo, existem diversos estudos sobre a epidemiologia da hepatite E em humanos, mas faltam informações sobre o HEV-3 em suínos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de HEV por meio da técnica de RT-PCR e posterior sequenciamento em um banco de amostras de fezes de suínos colhidas entre 2008 e 2009, na região metropolitana de Campinas. Das 89 amostras analisadas, foi possível detectar o HEV-3 em sete e, pela reconstrução filogenética, foram encontrados os subgenótipos HEV-3b, HEV-3h, e HEV-3j. Uma amostra disponível no GenBank, proveniente de São Paulo, que ainda não havia sido subgenotipada, foi agrupada ao HEV-3i. Os subgenótipos HEV-3j e HEV-3i ainda não tinham sido relatados no país. O estudo demonstra uma grande diversidade genética do HEV no estado de São Paulo e reforça o caráter zoonótico da HEV-3.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a type of glycosaminoglycan described as an antioxidant molecule that has been found in animal species such as fish. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) represents an eco-friendly source of this compound, since its economical processing generates usable waste, reducing the negative environmental impact. This waste was used for CS extraction, purification, characterization by enzymatic degradation, and evaluation of its antioxidant effect. CS obtained from tilapia presented sulfation mainly at carbon 4 of galactosamine, and it was not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL. Furthermore, 100 µg/mL of CS from tilapia reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species to 47% of the total intracellular reactive oxygen species level. The ability of CS to chelate metal ions in vitro also suggested an ability to react with other pathways that generate oxidative radicals, such as the Haber-Weiss reaction, acting intracellularly in more than one way. Although the role of CS from tilapia remains unclear, the pharmacological effects described herein indicate that CS is a potential molecule for further study of the relationship between the structures and functions of chondroitin sulfates as antioxidants.

RESUMO O presente estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação com OmniGen-AF® na proliferação de linfócitos e títulos de anticorpos após vacinação em bovinos leiteiros. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas de 32 vacas leiteiras para quantificação dos títulos de anticorpos anti-Leptospira, e amostras de sangue periférico de 16 vacas leiteiras foram também coletadas para avaliação da proliferação de linfócitos. Observou-se que a suplementação com OmniGen-AF® aumentou a proliferação basal de linfócitos (sem estímulos) 21 dias após a vacinação (P=0,03), apesar de reduzir a proliferação de linfócitos B quando estimulada com Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo inativada pelo calor (P=0,03). Ademais, nenhum efeito da suplementação sobre a proliferação de linfócitos no momento imediatamente anterior à vacinação e nos títulos de anticorpos anti-Leptospira foi encontrado. Além disso, a proliferação de linfócitos estimulada com lipopolissacarídeos foi maior em vacas multíparas que em primíparas 21 dias após a vacinação (P=0,03). Desse modo, o presente estudo demonstra que a suplementação com OmniGen-AF® não afetou de forma robusta a proliferação de linfócitos e os títulos de anticorpos anti-Leptospira após vacinação em vacas leiteiras sadias.

RESUMO A febre maculosa brasileira (FMB), descrita inicialmente nos Estados Unidos como febre maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas, é uma antropozoonose relatada apenas no continente americano e causada pela bactéria Rickettsia rickettsii. No Brasil a transmissão ocorre sobretudo pela picada de carrapatos do gênero Amblyomma spp. A doença foi inicialmente descrita como de transmissão em áreas rurais e silvestres, no entanto áreas periurbanas e urbanas vêm apresentando casos, principalmente relacionados com a presença de humanos residindo em pequenos fragmentos de mata ciliar. O presente estudo teve por objetivo elucidar a dispersão da FMB nas proximidades dos reservatórios Guarapiranga e Billings, na cidade de São Paulo, SP. Para tanto, a presença de anticorpos anti-R. rickettsii, Rickettsia parkeri e Rickettsia bellii foi avaliada em cães atendidos nas campanhas de esterilização cirúrgica e residentes ao redor dos reservatórios. Foram coletadas amostras de 393 cães, e as amostras de soro foram analisadas pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), com ponto de corte de 1:64. Os títulos para R. rickettsii variaram de 256 a 4096, com positividade de 3,3% (13/393); para R. bellii, de 128 a 1024 e 4,1% (16/393) de positivos, e um único animal (0,25%) foi soropositivo para R. parkeri, com título de 128. Os achados permitem concluir que a região de estudo apresenta condições de se tornar uma possível área com casos de FMB, pois comporta fragmentação de Mata Atlântica, condições essas ideais para a manutenção do vetor do gênero Amblyomma já descrito na região, bem como para a presença da Rickettsia rickettsii circulante entre os cães, confirmada pela existência de anticorpos. Condutas referentes à conscientização da população por meio de trabalhos educacionais devem ser implantadas para a prevenção da doença na população da área.

ABSTRACT Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF), initially described in the United States as Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, is an anthropozoonosis reported only in the Americas and caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii. In Brazil, transmission occurs mainly through tick bites of the genus Amblyomma spp. The disease was initially described as transmission of rural and wild areas; however, peri-urban and urban areas have been presenting cases, mainly related to the presence of humans residing in small fragments of riparian forest. The present study aimed to elucidate the dispersal of BSF near the Guarapiranga and Billings Reservoirs, in the city of São Paulo, SP. The presence of anti-R. rickettsii, Rickettsia parkeri and Rickettsia bellii antibodies were evaluated in dogs treated in surgical sterilization campaigns and residents around the Reservoirs. Samples were collected from 393 dogs and serum samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFI) with a cutoff of 1:64. The titles for R. rickettsii varied from 256 to 4096 with a positivity of 3.3% (13/393); for R. bellii from 128 to 1024 and 4.1% (16/393) of positive and a single animal (0.25%) was seropositive for R. parkeri with a titre of 128. The findings allow us to conclude that the study region has conditions to become a possible area with BSF cases, as it involves Atlantic Forest, ideal conditions for the maintenance of the vector of the genus Amblyomma already described in the region and the presence of circulating Rickettsia rickettsii among dogs, confirmed by the presence of antibodies. Conducts regarding the awareness of the population through educational work should be implemented to prevent the disease in the population of the area.

Introduction: Although behavioral therapies can effectively treat skin picking disorder (SPD), there is no standardized treatment for improving SPD and its comorbidities and there is no group intervention option. This trial aimed to adapt the Rothbaum trichotillomania protocol to SPD (Study 1) and test its efficacy for treating SPD and comorbidities in individual and group formats (Study 2). Methods: The adapted protocol was applied to 16 SPD patients, who were allocated to group or individual treatment (Study 1). Afterwards, 54 patients were randomly allocated to treatment in an individual (n=27) or group format (n=27) (Study 2). In both studies, assessments of SPD severity, anxiety, depression, clinical status and skin lesion severity were performed at baseline and the endpoint. Results: The adapted protocol was feasible in both treatment modalities (Study 1) and led to high SPD remission rates (individual 63%; group 52%), with no significant difference between intervention types (p = 0.4) (Study 2). SPD, anxiety, and depression symptoms and objective patient lesion measures improved after treatment. There was large effect size for SPD symptom improvement in both treatment types (Cohen’s d: group = 0.88; individual = 1.15) (Study 2). Conclusion: The adapted Rothbaum protocol was effective for SPD remission, comorbidities, and skin lesions, both in individual and group formats. Clinical trial registration: NCT03182478

RESUMO Dentre os crocodilianos com ocorrência no Brasil, o Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) é a espécie de maior frequência, porém sua presença em estudos científicos restringe-se a levantamentos faunísticos, na maioria das vezes. O leucismo, também conhecido como albinismo parcial, é uma anomalia cromática ainda pouco conhecida. Indivíduos portadores dos genes que condicionam a doença apresentam ausência de pigmentação em uma parte ou em todo o corpo, porém os olhos não apresentam alteração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o primeiro registro de Caiman crocodilus com leucismo no mundo.

ABSTRACT Among crocodilians in Brazil, Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the most frequent species, but its presence in scientific studies is mostly restricted to faunal surveys. Leukism, also known as partial albinism, is a still little known chromatic anomaly. Individuals with genes that condition the disease present no pigmentation in one part or in the whole body, but the eyes did not change. The objective of this work was to perform the first record of Caiman crocodilus with leucismo in the world.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the viability of using a non-invasive digital monitor to monitor heart rate (HR) and motility during the embryonic development of Pantanal alligator (Caiman yacare) using Egg Buddy ® , at different incubation temperatures. The collection of the eggs followed the Ranching system and egg identification, transportation, and incubation were performed with the required care; all eggs were incubated with 90% humidity at 29°C for the first 45 days. Thereafter, the incubation temperature was either maintained at 29°C, increased to 33°C or maintained at 29°C and embryos simultaneously treated with 4-aminopyridine on days 46, 47, 48, and 49 (29°C-4AP). Embryo movement was measured with a digital non-invasive monitor on days 30, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 60, at which point embryos were sacrificed. In the statistical analysis no differences were observed between the groups for the temperature (33°C and 29°C); for motility, a difference was observed at day 49 for the 29°C-4AP group. This revealed that the non-invasive evaluation method can be used to verify embryonic motility and HR effectively in Caiman yacare embryos.

RESUMO As hemorragias podem levar à morte, em caso de não interrupção e recuperação da volemia. A substituição do sangue pode ser realizada por transfusão homóloga ou autóloga. Na transfusão homóloga, o sangue é obtido de um doador, na autotransfusão ou transfusão autóloga, o sangue é coletado do próprio paciente. Objetivou-se relatar a autotransfusão em um cão como um método simples, rápido e barato, e discutir esse procedimento como uma alternativa emergencial para clínicas e hospitais que não possuem bancos de sangue ou animais doadores. Foi atendido um cão Rottweiler fêmea, 42,8kg, 10 anos de idade, com queixa principal de tumor mamário e para realização de castração. Após o procedimento, a paciente apresentou hemoperitônio, sendo encaminhada para novo procedimento cirúrgico, durante o qual se observou grande quantidade de sangue livre na cavidade abdominal. Foi realizada a autotransfusão de emergência, pela técnica das duas seringas, devido à indi1111sponibilidade de sangue ou animal doador no momento do procedimento cirúrgico emergencial, demonstrando ser uma opção eficiente, econômica, de fácil acesso e segura, por ser uma transfusão normotérmica, apresentar diminuição do risco de sobrecarga circulatória e por ser o sangue compatível, devendo ser mais explorada, pois existem poucos dados descritos na literatura.

ABSTRACT Hemorrhages can lead to death in case of non-interruption and recovery of blood volume. Blood replacement may be performed by homologous or autologous transfusion. In homologous transfusion, blood is obtained from a donor, in autotransfusion or autologous transfusion, blood is collected from the patient himself. We aimed to report autotransfusion in a dog as a simple, quick, and inexpensive method, and discuss it as an emergency alternative for clinics and hospitals that do not have blood banks or animal donors. A female Rottweiler dog, 42.8kg, 10 years of age, was treated with a primary complaint of mammary tumor and for castration. After the procedure the patient presented hemoperitoneum, being referred to a new surgical procedure, where a large amount of free blood was observed in the abdominal cavity. The emergency autotransfusion was performed by the two syringes technique, due to the unavailability of blood or donor animal at the time of the emergency surgical procedure, proving to be an efficient, economical, easily accessible and safe option because it is a normothermic transfusion, risk of circulatory overload and blood is compatible. It should be more exploited because there are few data described in the literature.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de estafilococos não aureus (NAS) isolados de diferentes nichos ecológicos (leite, ambiente e ápice do teto), associados a vacas leiteiras, de inibir os principais agentes etiológicos da mastite bovina (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis e Escherichia coli). Neste estudo, 38 isolados NAS de diferentes nichos ecológicos foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de inibir o crescimento in vitro de importantes patógenos causadores de mastite pelo método cross-streaking. No total, 19 (50%) isolados de NAS (oito isolados de S. chromogenes, 10 de S. fleurettii e um de S. haemolyticus) apresentaram inibição contra os principais patógenos causadores de mastite. No entanto, a inibição dos patógenos causadores da mastite bovina por isolados de NAS foi maior contra bactérias Gram-positivas. Além disso, o presente estudo não sugeriu que os nichos ecológicos influenciam a capacidade do NAS de inibir os principais patógenos causadores da mastite bovina. Com base nesses resultados, concluiu-se que certos isolados de NAS apresentam potencial efeito protetor contra os principais patógenos da mastite, pelo menos in vitro.

RESUMO O presente estudo identificou potenciais marcadores sanguíneos associados tanto à mastite, durante o período de transição em vacas leiteiras submetidas à antimicrobianoterapia, quanto à utilização do selante interno de teto na secagem por modelo de regressão logística. Trinta e quatro vacas da raça Holandesa foram divididas em três grupos experimentais, a saber: 13 animais (42 quartos mamários) que não receberam tratamento na secagem; 10 animais (40 quartos mamários) tratados por via intramamária com uma bisnaga do antimicrobiano para vaca seca à base de cefalônio anidro após a última ordenha em cada quarto mamário; e 11 animais (44 quartos mamários) que receberam, por via intramamária, uma bisnaga de selante à base de subnitrato de bismuto após a última ordenha em cada quarto mamário. As amostras de leite e sangue foram coletadas 60 dias antes da data prevista do parto, na secagem, e no dia do parto e após três, sete, 15 e 21 dias após o parto. As amostras de leite foram utilizadas para o exame microbiológico e a determinação da contagem de células somáticas. As amostras de sangue foram utilizadas para determinação do eritrograma, leucograma, fibrinogênio plasmático, funções hepáticas e renais, perfil metabólico, proteína total e albuminas séricas e concentração sérica de cálcio e fósforo. A concentração total de proteínas séricas foi associada à alta contagem de células somáticas. Similarmente, a concentração total de proteínas séricas e triglicérides foi associada ao isolamento de patógenos causadores de mastite nas amostras de leite durante o período de transição. Desse modo, conclui-se que vacas leiteiras com concentrações séricas maiores de proteína total e triglicérides têm maior chance de apresentar mastite durante o período de transição; em contraste, o uso da antimicrobianoterapia de vaca seca reduz esse risco.

ABSTRACT This study identified potential blood markers associated with mastitis in dairy cows under different dry therapies during the transition period, using a logistic regression model. Thirty-four Holstein dairy cows were divided into three groups: untreated controls (13 cows, 42 quarters); animals that received an antimicrobial at drying-off (10 cows, 40 quarters); and animals that were administered an internal teat sealant at drying-off (11 cow, 44 quarters). Blood and quarter milk samples were collected 60 days before the expected day of calving, on the day of calving, and three, seven, 15, 21, and 30 days after calving. Milk samples were submitted for bacteriological analysis and somatic cell count. Blood samples were collected for analyses of the following: the erythrogram and leucogram; plasm fibrinogen concentration; hepatic and renal functions; metabolic profile; serum calcium and phosphorous levels; total serum protein and albumin concentrations. The concentration of total serum proteins was associated with a high somatic cell count. Similarly, the concentrations of total serum proteins and triglycerides were associated to milk bacteriological positive samples during the transition period. Thus, the occurrence of mastitis in dairy cows during the transition period was greater in animals that showed higher concentrations of serum total proteins and triglycerides, in contrast to the use of dry cow therapy.

ABSTRACT The Pantaneira breed is in danger of extinction. Due to the lack of scientific information on the Pantanal milk potential, this work had the objective of determining the lactation period and a physical-chemical composition of the milk of cows in second order of parturition. The animals were managed in a pasture system rotated in mombaça grass (Panicum maximum) and individually supplemented with concentrate. The milking was performed mechanically twice a day and the milk weighed daily. The physical-chemical characteristics of the milk were evaluated by the ultrasound method and the lactation curves were estimated using the univariate parameter. The average milk yield was 5.34kg/milk/ day and the fat, protein, lactose and total non-fat solids contents were 5.3, 3.7, 6.0 and 10.7%, respectively. Lactation of the cows in second order of calving ended naturally at 180 days and the peak of milk production was reached between 51 and 60 days. Furthermore, there was no difference in milk composition in the different lactation periods.