Serial numbers are marks present on several day-to-day objects, created by manufacturers for purposes such as quality control, product tracking and to prevent counterfeiting. In the case of firearms, these characters can be obliterated or damaged by natural processes or intentionally by criminals to prevent positive identification of stolen property. One non-destructive method employed by crime laboratories for the restoration of obliterated characters is the magnetic particle method. The present work aims to study the synthesis and application of waste-made magnetic nanoparticles in the recovery of adulterated markings. A set of analytical-grade materials and metallic waste magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized for comparison purposes. Chemical characterization tests by X-ray fluorescence, morphological tests by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetization tests by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were performed. The efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested on 1020 steel plates previously engraved and adulterated by sanding. Both homemade magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated superior performance compared to commercial magnetic particles. The application of homemade magnetic particles, especially using waste as the source of production, decreases the cost of the material and is environmentally friendly. The development of this material makes magnetic serial number restoration a better option for widespread use in forensic procedures. daytoday day objects control counterfeiting firearms property nondestructive non destructive wastemade made markings analyticalgrade analytical grade Xray X ray fluorescence SEM, SEM , (SEM) VSM (VSM performed 102 sanding particles production friendly procedures (SEM 10 1

Fruits of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi were investigated. A fast and efficient method for the simultaneous determination of 11 polyphenolic substances by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was applied. Limits of quantification ranged between 0.78 and 3.14 mg L-1. High concentrations of kaempferol were found. An exploratory evaluation was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) for fruit origin differentiation. Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 274 to 517 mg GAE 100 g-1; total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 101 to 283 mg QE 100 g-1. In vitro analyses showed that antioxidant capacity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranged from 1.7 to 7 µM DPPH 100 g-1. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect were also evaluated against: Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Candida albicans and C. glabrata, using broth microdilution assay. It can be inferred that S. terebinthifolia Raddi fruit has the potential to act as an ally in the search for new alternatives in the action against pathogens, and it can be used as a potential natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Metals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn) were also determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), with emphasis on high concentrations of Mg, Zn and Fe. investigated 1 chromatographydiode chromatography diode HPLCDAD HPLC DAD (HPLC-DAD applied 078 0 78 0.7 314 3 14 3.1 L1. L1 L 1. L-1 found PCA (PCA differentiation TPC (TPC 27 51 10 g1 g g-1 TFC (TFC 28 g1. 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 2,2 diphenyl picrylhydrazyl 2 (DPPH 17 subtilis B cereus aureus coli aeruginosa choleraesuis C glabrata assay S pathogens agent Cu, Cu (Cu Fe Mg FAAS, FAAS , (FAAS) 07 0. 31 3. L- 5 g- 2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22 2, (FAAS

This study aims to propose a new method for derivatizing fatty acids (FAs) from human milk (HM), eliminating the lipid extraction step, and simplifying the preparation for gas chromatography with a flame ionization detection (GC-FID) analysis to quantify the FAs. The Design Expert software optimized the reaction times, concentrations, and sample amount. The proposed method (PM) was validated for lyophilized HM and results for the figures of merit for precision in relative standard deviation (RSD) (RSDintra-day 1.34-4.03% and RSDinter day 2.08 5.16%), accuracy (99.87-102.16%), and robustness are within a linear range of 3 to 38% lipids in HM samples. The atmospheric solids analysis probe tandem mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS/MS) technique confirmed the efficiency of PM by expressing the molecular composition of triacylglycerol formed by FAs from the GC-FID technique. The PM requires a small sample size and conducts derivatization directly in the sample matrix, minimizing extraction errors. (FAs HM, , (HM) step GCFID GC FID (GC-FID times concentrations amount (PM RSD (RSD RSDintraday RSDintra 1.344.03% 134403 1.34 4.03% 1 34 4 03 1.34-4.03 208 2 08 2.0 5.16%, 516 5.16% 5 16 5.16%) 99.87102.16%, 998710216 99.87 102.16% 99 87 102 (99.87-102.16%) 38 samples ASAPMS/MS ASAPMSMS ASAP MS/MS MS (ASAP-MS/MS matrix errors (HM 344 1.344.03 13440 134 1.3 403 4.03 0 1.34-4.0 20 2. 51 5.16 87102 99.87102.16% 99871021 9987 99.8 10216 102.16 9 8 10 (99.87-102.16% ASAPMS MSMS 1.344.0 1344 13 1. 40 4.0 1.34-4. 5.1 8710 99.87102.16 9987102 998 99. 1021 102.1 (99.87-102.16 1.344. 4. 1.34-4 5. 871 99.87102.1 998710 102. (99.87-102.1 1.344 1.34- 99.87102. 99871 (99.87-102. 99.87102 (99.87-102 99.8710 (99.87-10 99.871 (99.87-1 (99.87- (99.87 (99.8 (99. (99 (9 (

Asphaltene aggregation mechanism is still a nebulous and controversial issue. Many authors argue that the aggregation of its components is due to π-stacking interactions, nonetheless, alkyl chains, heteroatoms, and even acidic groups are also constituents of asphaltenes and can play an important role in the chemistry of asphaltene. Excimers from pyrene are easily detected by fluorescence and were used in the current study to probe the effect of the side chain on the π-stacking capacity of pyrene. Pyrene was acylated with acyl chains varying from two to twelve carbon atoms, and the effect of the variation of the acyl chain length on excimer formation was followed by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The results revealed that as the side chain grows from two to twelve carbon atoms the excimer/monomer ratio decreases and the excimer heat of formation drops from ΔH = -6.00 to -1.29 kcal mol-1. Further, the crystal structure of octanoyl pyrene (PC8) indicates that in the crystal structure, the aromatic moiety faces the acyl chain. This result was corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the results were compared with two different asphaltenes and indicate that π-stacking cannot be assumed as the main driving force for asphaltene aggregation. issue πstacking π stacking interactions nonetheless heteroatoms spectroscopy excimermonomer monomer 6.00 600 6 00 -6.0 1.29 129 1 29 -1.2 mol1. mol1 mol 1. mol-1 Further PC8 PC (PC8 DFT (DFT calculations Finally 6.0 60 0 -6. 1.2 12 2 -1. mol- (PC 6. -6 -1 -

ABSTRACT The drying process is paramount for maintaining seed quality, where the temperature during this process directly influences germination and vigor, especially for vegetable species harvested with high moisture content. This research aimed to determine and model the drying curves of S. aethiopicum (cultivar Tinguá-verde-claro) seeds at temperatures of 35, 38, 41, and 44 ºC, as well as to evaluate the physiological quality of the seeds after drying. A completely randomized design was used, with four drying temperatures (35, 38, 41, and 44 ºC) and four replicates. Nine mathematical models were fitted using the non-linear regression analysis by the Gauss-Newton method, and the goodness of fit was assessed based on the magnitude of the coefficient of determination (R2), chi-square test (χ2), relative mean error (P), and estimated mean error (SE). Seed quality was evaluated by germination test (G), electrical conductivity (EC), and accelerated aging (AA). The Modified Midilli model best represents the drying curves of S. aethiopicum seeds at the studied temperatures. Seeds with higher germination and vigor, meaning lower electrical conductivity values and higher germination rates after accelerated aging, are achieved through drying at 35 and 38 ºC. vigor content S cultivar Tinguáverdeclaro Tinguá verde claro Tinguá-verde-claro 41 4 ºC used (35 replicates nonlinear non linear GaussNewton Gauss Newton method R2, R2 R , (R2) chisquare chi square χ2, χ2 χ (χ2) P, P (P) SE. SE . (SE) G, G (G) EC, EC (EC) AA. AA (AA) 3 (3 (R2 (χ2 (P (SE (G (EC (AA ( (R (χ

RESUMO O processo de secagem é de suma importância para a manutenção da qualidade das sementes, onde a temperatura de condução deste processo exerce influência direta sobre a germinação e vigor, sobretudo para as espécies olerícolas que são colhidas com alto teor de água. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar e modelar as curvas de secagem de sementes de jiló (cultivar Tinguá-verde-claro) nas temperaturas de 35, 38, 41 e 44 ºC, bem como avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes após a secagem. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo quatro temperaturas de secagem (35, 38, 41 e 44 ºC) com quatro repetições. Nove modelos matemáticos foram ajustados por meio de análise de regressão não linear pelo método de Gauss-Newton, e o grau de ajuste foi avaliado com base na magnitude do coeficiente de determinação (R2), teste qui-quadrado (χ2), erro médio relativo (P) e erro médio estimado (SE). A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada pelo teste de germinação (G), condutividade elétrica (CE) e envelhecimento acelerado (EA). O modelo ‘Midilli Modificado’ é o que melhor representa as curvas de secagem das sementes de jiló nas temperaturas estudadas. Sementes com maior germinação e vigor, ou seja, com menores valores de CE e maiores taxas de germinação após EA, são alcançadas através da secagem a 35 e 38 ºC. vigor água cultivar Tinguáverdeclaro Tinguá verde claro Tinguá-verde-claro 4 ºC casualizado (35 repetições GaussNewton, GaussNewton Gauss Newton, Newton Gauss-Newton R2, R2 R , (R2) quiquadrado qui quadrado χ2, χ2 χ (χ2) P (P SE. SE . (SE) G, G (G) (CE EA. EA (EA) Midilli Modificado estudadas seja 3 (3 (R2 (χ2 (SE (G (EA ( (R (χ

Resumo Os sabonetes têm um papel importante para a nossa higiene e saúde, pois eles além de ter efeito bactericida, também removem as sujeiras presentes no corpo humano. Avaliar a eficácia de sabonetes com atividade antimicrobiana de diferentes marcas comerciais vendidas no Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios da atividade antimicrobiana dos diferentes sabonetes através do método difusão em ágar frente aos microrganismos Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis e Candida albicans. Todos os sabonetes comerciais testados apresentaram formação de halo de inibição antimicrobiana frente às bactérias S. aureus e P. aeruginosa. Apenas dois sabonetes comerciais apresentaram inibição das espécies A. baumannii e C. albicans. Nenhum dos sete produtos estudados apresentou inibição das bactérias E. cloacae, P. mirabilis e E. coli. Na comparação das informações contidas nas embalagens dos produtos com os resultados obtidos durante a pesquisa realizada foram observadas divergências. Os sabonetes que apresentaram maior eficiência contra os microrganismos testados foram aqueles das apresentações 1 e 2, que se mostraram eficazes contra as espécies de bactérias S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e A. baumannii e contra a espécie de fungo C. albicans. As marcas 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7 apresentaram o mesmo resultado de sensibilidade frente as bactérias das espécies S. aureus e P. aeruginosa, com variação quantitativa apenas do halo de inibição. Houve divergência entre as informações contidas nas embalagens dos sete produtos em estudo e os resultados dos testes experimentais.

Abstract Soaps play an important role in our hygiene and health, as they not only have a bactericidal effect but also remove dirt from the human body. To evaluate the effectiveness of soaps with antimicrobial activity from different commercial brands sold in Brazil. Tests of the antimicrobial activity of different soaps were carried out through diffusion in agar against the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, and Candida albicans. All commercial soaps tested transfer antimicrobial inhibition halo formation against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria. Only two commercial soaps inhibit the species A. baumannii and C. albicans. None of the seven products studied showed inhibition of E. cloacae, P. mirabilis, and E. coli bacteria. When comparing the information contained in the packaging of the products with the results obtained during a survey, divergences were observed. The soaps that provide greater efficiency against the tested microorganisms were presented in presentations 1 and 2, which become useful against the bacteria species S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii and a fungus species C. albicans. Marks 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 parallel the same sensitivity result opposite as bacteria of the species S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with quantitative variation only of the inhibition halo. There was a divergence between the information contained in the packaging of the seven products under study and the results of the experimental tests.

Resumo Em uma escala global o Sorghum bicolor (L.) é uma das culturas mais importantes, ocupando o quinto lugar entre todos os cereais. É cultivada na África, Ásia, Oceania e Américas, onde serve como fonte de alimento e ração para humanos e animais, respectivamente. No entanto, a produção é limitada por vários fatores, incluindo pragas e doenças. Entre as pragas que atacam o sorgo, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), comumente chamado de pulgão verde dos cereais, é a praga mais destrutiva do sorgo. O dano de S. graminum ao sorgo é agravado pelo déficit hídrico que favorece sua ocorrência. Informações limitadas sobre a distribuição espacial da praga e seus inimigos naturais impedem o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo ecologicamente corretas. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum e seu inimigo natural Coccinella septempunctata (L.) durante a fase vegetativa e reprodutiva da cultura por meio de análise geoestatística. A distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum foi influenciada pelo estágio de desenvolvimento do sorgo, paisagem circundante e presença de seu principal predador C. septempunctata. Além disso, a abundância de C. septempunctata foi influenciada pela densidade de S. graminum. Os resultados deste estudo são necessários para o desenvolvimento de estratégias sustentáveis de manejo de pragas contra S. graminum.

Abstract At the global level, Sorghum bicolor (L.), is one of the most important crops, which ranks fifth among all cereals. It is cultivated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas, where it serves as a source of food and feed for humans and animals, respectively. However, production is constrained by several factors including pests and diseases. Among the pests that are known to attack Sorghum, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), commonly called the green cereal aphid, is the most destructive pest of sorghum. S. graminum damage to sorghum is worsen by water deficit which favors its occurrence. Limited information on the spatial distribution of the pest and its natural enemies impedes the development of ecologically friendly management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum and its natural enemy Coccinella septempunctata (L.) during the vegetative and reproductive stage of the crop using geostatistical analysis. The spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum was influenced by Sorghum development stage, surrounding landscape, and presence of its main predator C. septempunctata. Moreover, the abundance of C. septempunctata was influenced by the density of S. graminum. The findings from this study are required for developing sustainable pest management strategies against S. graminum.

Resumo A região Neotropical se destaca por possuir a maior riqueza de anfíbios do mundo. Cerca de 625 espécies de anuros são conhecidas na Mata Atlântica. As regiões montanhosas do sudeste do Brasil, denominadas Serra do Mar e Serra da Mantiqueira, são áreas muito importantes para a diversidade de anuros no país, pois abrigam estratos remanescentes da Mata Atlântica que possuem diversas espécies endêmicas. O presente estudo visa ampliar o conhecimento sobre os anuros da Serra da Mantiqueira, especificamente das altas bacias dos rios Preto e Grande. A área de estudo compreendeu 10 centros amostrais. Realizamos 38 campanhas, com duração de dois dias cada. Nesse período, utilizamos a busca ativa como pistas visuais e auditivas. A busca passiva foi composta por armadilhas de queda. Análises bioacústicas foram usadas para determinar as espécies crípticas. A suficiência do esforço amostral foi estimada através da curva de acumulação usando Bootstrap e Jackknife-1 como estimadores. Durante o estudo foram encontradas 55 espécies, sendo 40 delas na bacia do Rio Preto e 44 na bacia do Rio Grande. Vinte e nove espécies foram encontradas em ambas as bacias. A família Hylidae foi predominante, seguida por Leptodactylidae. Além de espécies da Mata Atlântica, o local abriga componentes típicos do bioma Cerrado e brejos de altitude com simpatrias inesperadas. Este inventário amplia a área de ocorrência de Scinax duartei, espécie considerada ameaçada. Embora adjacente ao parque nacional mais antigo do Brasil, a composição de espécies de anuros dessa área era desconhecida até então.

Abstract The Neotropical zone stands out for having the greatest richness of amphibians in the world. About 625 species of anurans are known on Atlantic Forest. The southeastern mountainous regions of Brazil called Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira, are very important areas for the diversity of anurans in the country because they shelter remaining strata of the Atlantic Forest that have several endemic species. The present study aims to expand the knowledge about the Serra da Mantiqueira anurans, specifically from the Rio Preto and Rio Grande upper basins. The study area comprised 10 sample centers. We realized 38 campaigns, lasting two days each. During this period, we used active search as visual and auditory cues. The passive search was comprised of pitfall traps. Bioacoustic analyses were used to determine the cryptic species. The sufficiency of the sampling effort was estimated through the accumulation curve using Bootstrap and Jackknife-1 as estimators. During the study 55 species were found, 40 of them in the basin of the Rio Preto, and 44 in the basin of the Rio Grande. Twenty-nine species were found in both areas. The Hylidae family was predominant, followed by Leptodactylidae. In addition to species of the Atlantic Forest, the place houses typical components of the Cerrado biome and altitudinal swamps with unexpected sympatries. This inventory expands the area of occurrence of Scinax duartei, a species considered threatened. Although adjacent to the oldest national park in Brazil, the composition of anuran species of this area was unknown until then.

Plectranthus amboinicus is an aromatic herb often used in traditional medicine due to its antimicrobial properties. Based on it, the present study aimed to assess the toxic, antioxidant and, antibacterial properties of P. amboinicus essential oil (EO) either separated or mixed into fish feed. The chemical composition of the EO was also investigated. All samples were prepared with over 50% of carvacrol. The results revealed that the EO is a weak antioxidant and highly toxic against Artemia salina, showing greater antibacterial activity than positive control of chloramphenicol and synergistic effects. The EO also presented high antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila strains when free or feed-incorporated, thus being a promising product for the treatment of opportunistic infections in fish. it P (EO feed investigated 50 carvacrol salina effects feedincorporated, feedincorporated incorporated, incorporated feed-incorporated 5

Abstract The use of biomass for energy production constitutes a promising strategy that warrants the search for new sources of biomass. Elephant grass has been gaining notoriety due to its high dry matter yield and rapid growth. The present study was carried out to quantify the genetic divergence of nine elephant grass half-sib families in order to identify genotypes with greater genetic divergence and productive potential for hybridization, using the hierarchical clustering methodology based on principal components. Half-sib families were generated using genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of Elephant Grass. The experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with nine half-sib families, three replicates, and eight plants per plot. A total of 216 genotypes of elephant grass were evaluated. Principal component (PC), biplot, and hierarchical clustering analyses for diversity estimation were conducted using R software. The first two PCs of biplot analysis accounted for 64% of the cumulative variation. Dry matter yield was the most important trait for genotype discrimination (0.89), followed by plant height (0.67) and stem diameter (0.61) in PC1. In this analysis, the distances between accessions were considered and there were no family links, which indicates the existence of wide variability within the evaluated families, since genotypes belonging to the same family were not grouped together, but rather distributed into different groups. Crosses between genotypes of group three and genotypes of groups one and two are recommended for the development of high-yielding genotypes when aiming at energy production. growth halfsib half sib hybridization components Halfsib Half Grass randomizedblock randomized block replicates plot 21 PC, PC , (PC) software 64 variation 0.89, 089 0.89 0 89 (0.89) 0.67 067 67 (0.67 0.61 061 61 (0.61 PC1 links together highyielding yielding 2 (PC 6 08 0.8 8 (0.89 0.6 06 (0.6 0. (0.8 (0. (0 (

Resumo A utilização de biomassa para a produção de energia representa uma estratégia promissora, justificando a busca por novas fontes de biomassa. O capim-elefante tem ganhado destaque devido ao seu elevado rendimento de matéria seca e rápido crescimento. Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a divergência genética entre novas famílias de meio-irmãos de capim-elefante, com a finalidade de identificar genótipos com maior divergência genética e potencial produtivo para hibridização. Utilizou-se uma metodologia de agrupamento hierárquico baseada em componentes principais. As famílias de meio-irmãos foram obtidas a partir de genótipos do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Capim-Elefante. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com nove famílias de meio-irmãos, três repetições e oito plantas por parcela, totalizando a avaliação de 216 genótipos de capim-elefante. Foram realizadas análises de componentes principais (PC), biplot e agrupamento hierárquico para estimar a diversidade, utilizando o software R. Os dois primeiros PCs da análise biplot explicaram 64% da variação total. A produtividade de matéria seca foi a característica mais relevante para a discriminação genotípica (0,89), seguida pela altura da planta (0,67) e pelo diâmetro do caule (0,61) no PC1. Nesta análise, foram consideradas as distâncias entre os acessos, sem considerar parentesco, o que indica uma variabilidade significativa dentro das famílias avaliadas, uma vez que os genótipos pertencentes à mesma família não foram agrupados, mas sim distribuídos em grupos distintos. promissora capimelefante capim elefante crescimento meioirmãos meio irmãos capimelefante, elefante, hibridização Utilizouse Utilizou se CapimElefante. CapimElefante Capim Elefante. Elefante Capim-Elefante casualizados meioirmãos, irmãos, parcela 21 capimelefante. elefante. PC, PC , (PC) diversidade R 64 total 0,89, 089 0,89 0 89 (0,89) 0,67 067 67 (0,67 0,61 061 61 (0,61 PC1 acessos parentesco avaliadas agrupados distintos 2 (PC 6 08 0,8 8 (0,89 0,6 06 (0,6 0, (0,8 (0, (0 (

Abstract Nitrogen compounds, particularly ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, are a major problem in shrimp production systems. These compounds can accumulate in the aquatic environment and reach harmful or even lethal levels. Thus, monitoring the levels of nitrogenous compounds such as ammonia and studying their effects on the animals are essential. One tool used for this purpose is acute toxicity testing based on the evaluation of LC50 values. Furthermore, tools that can help improve the performance of aquatic organisms in culture are needed. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of salinity on the toxicity of total ammonia to postlarvae of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. For this purpose, acute toxicity testing (LC50-96h) was performed using 540 postlarvae with a mean weight of 0.13 g and a mean total length of 2.47 cm, divided into 54 experimental units of two liters each. A completely randomized design in a 3×6 factorial scheme was used, combining three salinities (0, 5, and 10 g.L-1) and six total ammonia concentrations (0, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 mg.L-1), with three replicates per combination. The LC50 values for M. rosenbergii postlarvae at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h and their respective confidence intervals (95%) were estimated using the trimmed Spearman-Karber method. The results showed that salinities of 5 or 10 g.L-1 did not reduce the acute toxicity of total ammonia. ammonium nitrate systems Thus essential LC LC5 Furthermore needed LC5096h LCh 96h (LC50-96h 013 0 13 0.1 247 2 47 2.4 cm each 36 3 6 3× 0, (0 1 g.L1 gL1 gL g.L L 8 16 32 64 12 mg.L1, mgL1 mgL mg.L , mg mg.L-1) combination M 24 48 72 9 95% 95 (95% SpearmanKarber Spearman Karber method g.L- 01 0. 4 2. ( L1 mg.L1 mg.L-1 7 (95 mg.L- (9

Resumo Compostos nitrogenados, particularmente amônia, nitrito e nitrato, são um grande problema nos sistemas de produção de camarão. Esses compostos podem se acumular no meio aquático e atingir níveis nocivos ou mesmo letais. Assim, monitorar os níveis de compostos nitrogenados como a amônia e estudar seus efeitos nos animais são essenciais. Uma ferramenta utilizada para este fim são os testes de toxicidade aguda baseados na avaliação dos valores de CL50. Além disso, são necessárias ferramentas que possam ajudar a melhorar o desempenho dos organismos aquáticos em cultura. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da salinidade na toxicidade da amônia total para pós-larvas do camarão de água doce Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Para tanto, o teste de toxicidade aguda (CL50-96h) foi realizado utilizando-se 540 pós-larvas com peso médio de 0,13 g e comprimento total médio de 2,47 cm, divididas em 54 unidades experimentais de dois litros cada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3×6, combinando três salinidades (0, 5 e 10 g.L-1) e seis concentrações de amônia total (0, 8, 16, 32, 64 e 128 mg.L-1), com três repetições por combinação. Os valores de CL50 para pós-larvas de M. rosenbergii em 24, 48, 72 e 96 h e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (95%) foram estimados pelo método de Spearman-Karber aparado. Os resultados mostraram que salinidades de 5 ou 10 g.L-1 não reduziram a toxicidade aguda da amônia total. nitrato letais Assim essenciais CL disso cultura póslarvas pós larvas tanto CL5096h CLh 96h (CL50-96h utilizandose utilizando 013 0 13 0,1 247 2 47 2,4 cm cada casualizado 36 3 6 3×6 0, (0 1 g.L1 gL1 gL g.L L 8 16 32 12 mg.L1, mgL1 mgL mg.L , mg mg.L-1) combinação CL5 M 24 48 7 9 95% 95 (95% SpearmanKarber Spearman Karber aparado g.L- 01 4 2, 3× ( L1 mg.L1 mg.L-1 (95 mg.L- (9

Short-chain chiral esters are important constituents in natural fruit flavors, as well as in food and pharmaceutical industries. Different chemical and bio-catalytic routes are used for their synthesis, but the use of simultaneous techniques has not been much explored, as combinatorial synthesis and bio-catalysis in continuous-flow systems. Here, the objective was to synthesize chiral esters typically found in fruit flavors, to obtain chemical libraries with high conversion and enantiomeric excess, using combinations of these three techniques. Combinatorial synthesis in continuous-flow coil-type reactors with fix bed was used in the esterification of the secondary alcohols 2-butanol (1a), 2-pentanol (1b), 3-hexanol (1c), 2-heptanol (1d) and 2-octanol (1e) with acetic (2) and propanoic (3) acids. A surface-response method was applied to optimize the reaction conditions. Conversions were above 88% after 60 min for the reaction with chemical catalysts in continuous-flow reactors compared to 85%, but after 120 min, when conventional batch processes were used. By applying a biocatalyst, a chemical library of R acetates was prepared, with conversions over 48% after 48 h for batch and 40% after only 70 min for continuous flow reactions. It was observed that both enzymatic and homogeneous chemical catalysis showed to be viable for the chiral esters. Shortchain Short chain flavors industries biocatalytic bio catalytic explored biocatalysis continuousflow systems Here excess coiltype coil type 2butanol butanol 2 1a, 1a , (1a) 2pentanol pentanol 1b, 1b b (1b) 3hexanol hexanol 3 1c, 1c c (1c) 2heptanol heptanol 1d d (1d 2octanol octanol 1e e (1e (2 (3 acids surfaceresponse surface response conditions 88 6 85 85% 12 biocatalyst prepared 4 40 7 reactions (1a (1b (1c ( 8 1

Abstract The genus Psidium, belonging to the family Myrtaceae, encompasses several plant species rich in essential oils. Several studies involving different research areas have shown promising results for essential oils, which has attracted interest from diverse sectors, including pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of the essential oil extracted from Psidium bahianum leaves (EOPb) collected in an Atlantic Forest remnant in the northern coast of the state of Bahia, Brazil. EOPb was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed through proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The free radical scavenging activity was assessed using the DPPH methodology (analyzing the scavenging of the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Antimicrobial disk diffusion assays were conducted; toxicity was determined through assays on sheep erythrocytes and Artemia salina. 1H-NMR evaluation showed the presence mainly of monoterpenes and sesquisterpenes. The percentage of antioxidant activity was 18.03±2.53 53 for 125 125 µg mL-1. Antimicrobial assays showed that the essential oil at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1 inhibited the growth of the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and C. glabrata. The toxicity results indicated that concentrations of EOPb at 10, 100, 250, and 500 µg mL-1 were not toxic to sheep erythrocytes. The toxicity assay on A. salina showed that the lethal concentration for 50% of individuals (LC50) within 24 and 48 hours were 371.48 and 302 µg mL-1 of EOPb, respectively, which were considered moderately toxic, whereas the LC50 within 72 horas was 33.11 µg mL-1, considered highly toxic. These findings are promising, as the essential oil from P. bahianum leaves showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The data obtained for the essential oil toxicity in A. salina could be tested on different tumor cell lines. Myrtaceae oils sectors pharmaceutical food industries Thus (EOPb Bahia Brazil 1HNMR. 1HNMR HNMR 1H NMR . H (1H-NMR) analyzing 1,1diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl. 11diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl 1 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) conducted sesquisterpenes 1803253 18 03 18.03±2.5 5 12 mL1. mL1 mL 1. mL- aureus subtilis B cereus luteus coli niger albicans C glabrata 100 250 50 A LC (LC50 4 37148 371 371.4 30 respectively LC5 7 3311 33 11 33.1 mL1, 1, P Grampositive Gram positive Gramnegative negative fungi lines (1H-NMR 1diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl 1,1diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 180325 0 18.03±2. 25 (LC5 3714 37 371. 3 331 33. 18032 18.03±2 (LC 1803 18.03± 180 18.03 18.0 18.

Resumo O gênero Psidium, pertencente à família Myrtaceae é rico em óleos essenciais que vêm sendo utilizados na indústria farmacêutica, alimentícia e na estética. Desse modo, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade biológica do óleo essencial de Psidium bahianum coletadas em remanescente de Mata Atlântica no Litoral Norte da Bahia, Brasil. O óleo essencial (OEPb) foi obtido das folhas do P. bahianum por arraste a vapor d'água. O OEPb foi analisado pela Ressonância magnética nuclear de H1. A atividade sequestradora de radicais livres foi avaliada pela metodologia de DPPH (analisando a eliminação do radical livre estável 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil). Foram realizados testes antimicrobianos em difusão em disco, e para a determinação da atividade tóxica realizou-se através dos ensaios em hemácias de carneiro e Artemia salina. O estudo de ressonância demonstrou principalmente a presença de monoterpenos, dentre eles o linalol, e sequisterpenos. A porcentagem da atividade antioxidante foi de 18,03 ± 2,53 53 para 125 µg /mL. No ensaio antimicrobiano o óleo essencial inibiu o crescimento dos microrganismos Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans e Candida glabrata testados na concentração de 10mg/mL. Os resultados da toxicidade demonstraram que nas concentrações de 10 e 100, 250 e 500µg/mL, o óleo essencial não é tóxico para hemácias de carneiro. No teste de toxicidade em Artemia salina, os resultados mostram que em 24 e 48 horas da DL50 é de 371,48 e 302µg/mL de óleo essencial sendo considerados moderadamente tóxicos e em 72 horas a DL 50 é de 33,11µg/mL considerado altamente tóxico. Os dados alcançados são promissores, uma vez que o óleo essencial de P. bahianum demostrou atividade antimicrobiana para bactérias Gram positiva e negativa e para fungos. Os dados obtidos de toxicidade em A. salina para o óleo essencial poderá ser testado em diferentes linhagens tumorais. farmacêutica estética modo Bahia Brasil (OEPb P dágua. dágua d água. água d'água H1 H analisando 1,1difenil2picrilhidrazil. 11difenil2picrilhidrazil difenilpicrilhidrazil 1,1 difenil 2 picrilhidrazil . 1 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil) disco realizouse realizou se monoterpenos linalol sequisterpenos 1803 18 03 18,0 253 2,5 5 12 mL /mL aureus subtilis cereus luteus coli niger 10mgmL mgmL 10mg mg 10mg/mL 100 25 500µgmL µgmL 500µg 500µg/mL 4 DL5 37148 371 371,4 302µgmL 302µg 7 3311µgmL 33 11µg promissores fungos tumorais 1difenil2picrilhidrazil 1,1difenil2picrilhidrazil 11 1, 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil 180 0 18, 2, 3714 37 371, 3

Abstract The Ibitipoca Mountains occur in southeastern Minas Gerais state, Southeast Brazil, and includes a mosaic of different vegetation types, as part of the Atlantic Forest domain. Such heterogeneity results in the occurrence of several ecotones in the region, considered essential buffer zones for maintaining biodiversity and structure among adjacent ecosystems. Given the importance of these environments for biodiversity conservation, floristic surveys are important to catalogue plant richness in natural areas, where species and landscapes have been destroyed, especially over the last decades. To contribute to increase the knowledge on the vascular Flora in the Ibitipoca Mountains, a floristic inventory was undertaken in private properties located in the boundaries of “Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca” (Ibitipoca State Park). Relevant findings of the present study include: characterization of the different vegetation types, 17 new records for the Flora of Minas Gerais, collection of 288 species never recorded in the state park (80% dissimilarity – especially due to the occurrence and size of different phytophysiognomies between these areas) and presence of 31 threatened species. In addition, discussions about conservation efforts and public policies are presented. Brazil types domain region ecosystems areas destroyed decades Parque Park. Park . Park) include 1 28 80% 80 (80 3 addition presented 2 8 (8 (

Resumo A Serra do Ibitipoca ocorre no sudeste do estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil, e inclui um mosaico de diferentes tipos de vegetação, como parte do domínio da Mata Atlântica. Tal heterogeneidade é resultado da ocorrência de diversos ecótonos na região, considerados áreas de amortecimento essenciais para manutenção da biodiversidade e estrutura de ecossistemas adjacentes. Dada a importância destes ambientes para conservação da biodiversidade, inventários florísticos são importantes para catalogar a riqueza de plantas em áreas naturais, onde espécies e paisagens têm sido destruídas, especialmente nas últimas décadas. Para contribuir com o aumento do conhecimento sobre a Flora vascular na Serra do Ibitipoca, um inventário florístico foi conduzido em áreas privadas adjacentes ao Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca. As descobertas mais relevantes do presente estudo incluem: caracterização dos diferentes tipos de vegetação, 17 novos registros para a Flora de Minas Gerais, coleta de 288 espécies nunca registradas para o parque (80% de dissimilaridade – especialmente devido à ocorrência e tamanho de diferentes fitofisionomias entre as áreas) e presença de 31 espécies ameaçadas. Além disso, discussões sobre esforços para conservação e políticas públicas são apresentadas. Gerais Brasil vegetação Atlântica região naturais destruídas décadas incluem 1 28 80% 80 (80 3 ameaçadas disso apresentadas 2 8 (8 (