Abstract Health professionals working to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic are one of the main risk groups for the disease, being prioritized for vaccination. Considering this, the aim of this study was to analyze the immune response of these professionals immunized with CoronaVac in the first and second doses. Blood samples were collected after the first and second doses of the vaccine (CoronaVac) and used to investigate hematological and biochemical parameters, analysis of immunoglobulin production, cytokines, and gene expression profile, as well as the identification of subsets of immune cells. Post-first dose immunological phenotypic memory (CD27+) profiles (T CD4+, TCD8+ and CD19+) showed a significant increase, as did Monocyte APCs (CD80+HLA-DR+) in relation to the second dose. The cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-° showed increased values in relation to the other analyzed cytokines. The Th2/Th17 profile in the second dose was characterized by gene expression analysis. The production of IgM and IgG after vaccination showed statistically significant values in the comparison between doses. CoronaVac showed activation of APCs monocytes, memory response of T and B lymphocytes, with immunoglobulins production. This set of responses is characterized by the Th2/Th17 immunological profile.

ABSTRACT: Modern cities have a great problem: the myth of the power of technocracy (Lefebvre), where the production based on the institutional norms and rules (standard) of coexistence results in spaces full of contradictions (some tangible and others not so much). An example of an antithesis to that technocratic city may be the praxis of informal street trade that has historically produced ephemeral spaces, which at odds with the ontological sense, is perennial, i.e.., has resisted repression and oppression, and has also managed to maintain its functioning and right to occupy and inhabit the city. Thus, the popular revolution of the Chilean spring (October 18) has shed light on many different initiatives regarding the forms of social representation and (re)appropriation of social and urban spaces, at a time when the desire of society is personified by thousands of protesters on the streets demanding dignity, justice and social rights. Facing this situation, the proposal of this article is to present the actions of the informal street trade work in the ephemeral production of the space, whose result indicates a political instinct, an intuition and sagacity in its nature that has helped it to overcome the daily barriers, allowing it to resist and remain in the city. For this study, the experience of informal street traders in the city of Concepción, Chile, the third largest and most important in the country, is presented, where the number of these workers is telling and their behavior has attracted attention during the social revolution.

RESUMEN: Las ciudades modernas presentan un gran problema: el mito del poder de la tecnocracia (Lefebvre) en donde la producción basada en normas institucionales y reglas (estándar) de convivencia dan como resultado espacios llenos de contradicciones (algunos tangibles y otros no). Un ejemplo de antítesis a esa ciudad tecnocrática puede ser la praxis del comercio informal de calle, el que históricamente ha producido espacios efímeros que, contradictoriamente al sentido ontológico, es perenne - ha resistido a la represión y opresión - y logrado mantener su quehacer, así como el derecho de ocupar y habitar la ciudad. En ese sentido, el estallido social del 18 de octubre, en plena primavera chilena abre luces sobre diferentes iniciativas en dirección a las formas de representación social y reapropiación de los espacios sociales y urbanos, en un momento en que ese deseo de la sociedad es personificado por miles de manifestantes en las calles reivindicando dignidad, justicia y derechos. A partir de ese escenario, la propuesta de este artículo es develar las acciones del trabajador del comercio informal de calle en la producción efímera del espacio, cuyo resultado indica un instinto político, una intuición y sagacidad en su carácter, que le ha ayudado a traspasar los obstáculos cotidianos, permitiéndole resistir y permanecer en la ciudad. Para este estudio se presenta la experiencia de los trabajadores del comercio informal de calle de Concepción Chile, la tercera más grande e importante del país, en que el número de esos trabajadores es expresivo y su comportamiento ha llamado la atención durante el estallido social.

RESUMO: As cidades modernas apresentam um grande problema: o mito do poder da tecnocracia (Lefebvre) onde a produção baseada em normas institucionais e regras (padrão) resultam em espaços repletos de contradições (alguns tangíveis e outros não). Um exemplo antíteses de essa cidade tecnocrática pode ser a práxis do comercio informal de rua, que historicamente há produzido espaços efêmeros, que contraditoriamente ao sentido antológico, é perene - tem resistido a opressão e repressão - e conseguido manter seu trabalho, assim como o direito de ocupar e habitar a cidade. Nesse sentido, o “despertar social” de 18 de outubro, em plena primavera chilena aclaram sobre diferentes inciativas em direção as formas de representação social e reapropriação dos espaços sociais e urbanos, em um momento em que esse desejo da sociedade é personificada por milhares de manifestantes nas ruas reivindicando dignidade, justiça e direitos. A partir desse cenário, a proposta deste artigo é mostrar as ações do comercio informal de rua no que diz respeito a produção efêmera do espaço, cujo resultado indica um instinto político, uma intuição e sagacidade em seu caráter, que os têm ajudado a traspassar os obstáculos cotidianos, permitindo-os resistir e permanecer na cidade. Para esse estudo, se apresenta a experiência dos trabalhadores do comercio informal de rua de Concepción, Chile, a terceira maior e mais importante cidade do país, a qual o número destes trabalhadores é expressivo e seu comportamento tem chamado atenção durante as manifestações sociais.

BACKGROUND Breastfeeding or gestation in schistosomotic mothers can cause long-term alterations in the immune response of offspring. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) (all classes), the production of cytokines by T and B lymphocytes and macrophages, and the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+-cells in adult offspring born and/or suckled by schistosomotic mothers. METHODS We harvested splenocytes from offspring born to (BIM), suckled by (SIM), or born to/suckled by (BSIM) schistosomotic mothers and animals from noninfected mothers (Control) at seven-weeks old and cultured them with/without Concanavalin A. HDAC expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and cytokines and membrane markers were evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). FINDINGS Compared to Control, BIM mice showed increased expression of HDAC9 and frequency of CD4+IL-10+-cells. The SIM group had increased expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC10, Sirt2, Sirt5, Sirt6, and Sirt7. The BSIM group only had increased HDAC10 expression. The SIM and BSIM groups exhibited decreased frequencies of CD4+IL-4+-cells and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+-cells, along with a higher frequency of CD14+IL-10+-cells and an increase in CD45R/B220+IL-10+-cells. The BSIM group also showed a high frequency of CD4+IL10+-cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding induced the expression of HDACs from various classes involved in reducing inflammatory responses. However, gestation enhanced the expression of a single HDAC and breastfeeding or gestation appears to favour multiple IL-10-dependent pathways, but not cells with a regulatory phenotype.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We evaluated IL-10, IL-2 and regulatory T cells (Treg), in response to ovalbumin (OA), in offspring from schistosomotic mouse mothers. METHODS: We used animals born (BIM) or suckled (SIM) from infected mothers; and mice born/suckled from infected (BSIM) or non-infected mothers (CONTROL). After OA+adjuvant immunization, spleen cells were cultured, with or without OA, and doubly marked for cytometry. RESULTS: BIM showed fewer CD4+/IL-2+ and more B220+/IL-10+ cells, whereas the SIM group showed increased Treg frequency. BSIM had fewer B220+/IL-10+ and Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS: Separately, gestation or nursing induced immunosuppressive cells in infected mothers, but improved anti-OA immunity when combined.

Schistosoma mansoni antigens in the early life alter homologous and heterologous immunity during postnatal infections. We evaluate the immunity to parasite antigens and ovalbumin (OA) in adult mice born/suckled by schistosomotic mothers. Newborns were divided into: born (BIM), suckled (SIM) or born/suckled (BSIM) in schistosomotic mothers, and animals from noninfected mothers (control). When adults, the mice were infected and compared the hepatic granuloma size and cellularity. Some animals were OA + adjuvant immunised. We evaluated hypersensitivity reactions (HR), antibodies levels (IgG1/IgG2a) anti-soluble egg antigen and anti-soluble worm antigen preparation, and anti-OA, cytokine production, and CD4+FoxP3+T-cells by splenocytes. Compared to control group, BIM mice showed a greater quantity of granulomas and collagen deposition, whereas SIM and BSIM presented smaller granulomas. BSIM group exhibited the lowest levels of anti-parasite antibodies. For anti-OA immunity, immediate HR was suppressed in all groups, with greater intensity in SIM mice accompanied of the remarkable level of basal CD4+FoxP3+T-cells. BIM and SIM groups produced less interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-g. In BSIM, there was higher production of IL-10 and IFN-g, but lower levels of IL-4 and CD4+FoxP3+T-cells. Thus, pregnancy in schistosomotic mothers intensified hepatic fibrosis, whereas breastfeeding diminished granulomas in descendants. Separately, pregnancy and breastfeeding could suppress heterologous immunity; however, when combined, the responses could be partially restored in infected descendants.

INTRODUÇÃO: O debridamento ultrassônico de boca toda visa a uma instrumentação mais leve e conservadora da superfície radicular, evitando a recolonização da bolsa periodontal. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho verificou os efeitos do debridamento subgengival com o uso de ultrassom sobre os parâmetros clínicos periodontais no tratamento da periodontite crônica por meio de uma revisão na literatura. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A revisão foi realizada nas bases de busca bibliográfica PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Medline e Centro de Registro de Ensaios Clínicos Controlados (Biblioteca Cochrane). Foram incluídas publicações na língua inglesa que abordaram estudos clínicos de intervenção em humanos, randomizados e controlados, e que utilizaram o debridamento ultrassônico para o tratamento não cirúrgico da periodontite crônica. RESULTADO: Inicialmente, foram encontradas 167 referências e, a partir da análise dos títulos e resumos, dez estudos perfizeram as características exigidas e foram considerados válidos para a realização desta revisão. Os estudos mostraram que a abordagem pelo debridamento ultrassônico pode ser terapia favorável ao tratamento da periodontite crônica. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento da periodontite crônica por meio do debridamento ultrassônico periodontal de boca toda produz resultados clínicos semelhantes aos conseguidos na raspagem e no alisamento radicular convencionais.

INTRODUCTION: The full-mouth ultrasonic debridement seeks a more conservative instrumentation with light pressure of the root surface, preventing recolonization of periodontal pockets. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of subgingival debridement through the use of ultrasonic devices on clinical periodontal parameters in the treatment of chronic periodontitis by a review of the literature. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Studies were selected on the bibliographic databases PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Medline and the Central Registry of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library). It was included English language publications with clinical studies of human intervention, randomized controlled trials that used ultrasonic debridement for the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. RESULT: Initially, we found 167 references and analyzing the titles and ABSTRACTs totaled ten studies the characteristics required and were considered valid for the completion of this review. Studies have shown that the approach by ultrasonic debridement therapy may be favorable to the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the treatment of chronic periodontitis by full mouth periodontal ultrasonic debridement produces similar outcomes to those achieved in conventional scaling and root planing.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar parte dos estudos que vêm sendo desenvolvidos sobre as intervenções das políticas públicas municipais nas periferias da cidade de São Paulo. Nesse contexto, em específico, trataremos do caso da favela Jardim Maravilha, localizada no distrito da Cidade Tiradentes, no extremo leste do município, por apresentar situações peculiares - a começar pelo enorme contingente de moradores, cerca de 350 mil (segundo dados da subprefeitura local), vivendo em conjuntos habitacionais (Cohab) construídos pelo governo municipal, favelas ou ocupações irregulares em terrenos ociosos.

The present work aims to introduce part of the studies that are being developed on the interventions of municipal public policies on the outskirts of São Paulo City. In this context, specifically, we will deal with the case of favela Jardim Maravilha, located in the district of Cidade Tiradentes, on the city's far east, which presents peculiar situations - at first for the immense contingent of residents, around 350,000 (according to the Local City Hall Department), living in housing projects (Cohab), built by the municipal government, slums or irregular occupations in inactive lands.