ABSTRACT The present work is a continuation of the research carried out in a previous work, with the aim of improving the production of Ti35Nb alloy by reducing the particle size of Ti (from 50–149 Μm to < 53 Μm) and Nb (from 31–500 Μm to < 62 Μm) powders. Micro (MI) and Macroporous (MA) Ti35Nb alloy samples were processed by powder metallurgy. Ammonium bicarbonate (AB) was utilized as pore former additive for processing MA samples. The powders were mixed, uniaxially pressed and then sintered at 1300 ºC for 2 hours under argon atmosphere. The samples were characterized by SEM/EDS, XRD, profilometry, and Vickers hardness test. The porosity levels were determined by geometric method, Archimedes’ principle and quantitative metallographic analysis. The results showed that the processing parameters used in this work successfully produced porous Ti35Nb alloys with completely stabilized β-Ti phase, indicating an enhancement in the methodology when compared with those reported in previous work. Smaller particle sizes influenced positively on the chemical-physical properties of MI and MA samples, since they demonstrated an improvement in the their characteristics, such as: more homogeneous microstructure; better particle consolidation; homogeneous elemental distribution with no relevant chemical contamination; porosity values in accordance with literature; presence of low amounts of titanium oxides on the surfaces which can improve the biocompatibility features; suitable surface roughness parameters for bone implant applications and favouring adhesion of bioceramic coatings; more uniform microhardness values for both samples which make the material with a further predictable mechanical behavior.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o impacto da codetecção de Influenza A (FluA) e Vírus Sincicial Respiratório (VSR) por meio de testes imunocromatográficos rápidos em tempo real, em pacientes menores de 2 anos em hospital público e universitário. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo foi conduzido para analisar os desfechos clínicos de crianças hospitalizadas com doença respiratória viral com resultados positivos do teste rápido imunocromatográfico para VSR e/ou FluA, de 2013 a 2018. Um modelo de regressão logística foi ajustado para analisar preditores de intubação orotraqueal durante a internação. Resultados: foram analisados 220 casos: RSV (192), FluA (9) eco-detecção (19). A letalidade foi de 1,8% (2 casos) e 88% (194) casos em menores de 1 ano. O tempo médio de internação foi maior nos pacientes com codetecção. As variáveis significativamente associadas à intubação orotraqueal foram: menor idade em meses, comorbidades, codetecção de VSR e Flu-A e pneumonia bacteriana durante a internação. Conclusões: codetecção VSR e FluA foi associada a prognósticos clínicos desfavoráveis. O teste rápido fornece informações importantes a beira-leito, pois os painéis moleculares não são amplamente acessíveis em hospitais públicos. O diagnóstico rápido permite a avaliação e tratamento oportunos.

Abstract Objectives: the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of co-detection of Flu A and RSV using rapid immunochromatographic tests at the point of care, in pediatric patients under 2 years of age in a general hospital. Methods: a retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze clinical outcomes in hospitalized infants with viral respiratory disease with positive results of rapid immunochromatographic test for RSV and/or Flu-A, from 2013 to 2018. A logistic regression model was adjusted to analyze predictors of orotracheal intubation during hospitalization. Results: we analyzed 220 cases: RSV (192), Flu-A (9), co-detection (19). Lethality rate was 1.8% (2 cases), and 88% (194) were under 1 year of age. Mean time of hospitalizations was higher in patients with co-detection. Variables significantly associated with orotracheal intubation were: younger age in months, comorbidities, RSV and Flu-A co-detection, and bacterial pneumonia during hospitalization. Conclusions: RSV and Flu-Aco-detection was associated with the least favorable clinical prognoses in this study. Rapid test diagnosis may provide important information at the point of care, because molecular panels are not widely accessible in general hospitals. Rapid diagnosis allows timely evaluation and treatment.

ABSTRACT Commercially dense pure titanium sheets and porous titanium samples processed by powder metallurgy were treated with a mixture consisting of equal volumes of H2SO4 and H2O2 for 2 or 4 hours. Characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confocal scanning optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analyses showed that the chemical patterning approach using a combination of concentrated acid and oxidant was able to generate a nanotexture on dense and porous titanium surfaces. In addition, the treated samples presented an oxide layer consisting predominantly of titanium dioxide with negative charge conferred by the presence of hydroxyl groups, which is an important factor that favors apatite nucleation and protein adsorption. It was also observed that oxide formation was more effective on porous samples than on dense samples, which can be explained by the higher surface area intrinsic to porous media. Finally, the findings indicated that both treatment times promoted similar modifications in surface properties, such as nanotexture and chemical composition, suggesting that the time of 2 hours were enough to induce the surface alterations at the nanoscale.

Abstract The Guarani (GAS) and Serra Geral (SGAS) aquifer systems are the main groundwater sources in southern Brazil. We investigated the crucial relationship between the primary, intergranular pore system in the GAS and the secondary pore system associated with fractures in the SGAS in order to understand better the compartmentalization and connection, water storage, and productivity of both aquifers. Data from 375 wells that produce from both aquifers was used to evaluate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the GAS-SGAS contact. The integration of data using remote sensing, structural data, and thin section analysis support interpretations about the compartmentalization and potential connection of the aquifers. Fault zones trending NW, EW, and NNE demarcate six structural blocks in which the GAS-SGAS contact varies more than 400 m in elevation. Thin section analysis of sandstone texture and composition allowed us to determine the relationship between the type of porosity and cement type and content. The surface demarcating the Guarani-Serra Geral contact is highly productive in 93% of the wells that reach both aquifers. The integration of our results allowed us to propose a conceptual hydrogeological model for the GAS and SGAS aquifers in the study area.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the influence of different combinations of verbal stimuli on the responses of the cognitive auditory evoked potential of children with speech sound disorders and to compare the P300 responses, considering the combinations of stimuli in the different severity of speech sound disorders. Methods: nineteen children in the mean age of 6.75 years old, of both sexes, diagnosed with speech sound disorder, participated in the study. All participants were submitted to the cognitive auditory evoked potential - P300 test, performed with two combinations of verbal stimuli (BA/DI and BA/GA). For statistical analysis it was used the Student T-test. Results: a statistically significant difference was observed for the latency values (p=<0.001*) and for the amplitude values (p=<0.001*) between the two combinations of stimuli. Also, statistically significant difference was observed between the combinations evaluated in the different severity of the speech sound disorder. Conclusion: the combination of stimuli /BA/ x /DI/ demonstrated lower latency and higher amplitude values in the Cognitive Evoked Potential assessment in children presented with speech sound disorder.

Resumo Fundamentos: Com a criação do SUS, todos teriam acesso universal, integral e equânime à assistência de saúde de qualidade. Entretanto, existe grande lacuna de estudos escrutinizando o SUS no tocante à qualidade assistencial praticada. Esse fato é especialmente crítico para vítimas de infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST), sendo a responsividade do sistema e o uso da reperfusão em tempo hábil fatores cardinais para obtenção de melhores resultados. Objetivo: Descrever a metodologia empregada no Registro VICTIM que tem como objetivo caracterizar e comparar o acesso e o uso de terapias efetivas e desfechos entre os pacientes com IAMCSST usuários do SUS e do sistema privado atendidos nos hospitais com capacidade de realizar angioplastia em Sergipe, tentanto identificar e mensurar eventuais disparidades na qualidade da assistência. Métodos e Resultados: O Registro VICTIM é um estudo observacional, iniciado em dezembro de 2014, e ainda em fase de coleta, com a intenção de investigar a epidemiologia do IAMCSST em Sergipe, os cursos temporal e geográfico dos pacientes até sua admissão em uma instituição com capacidade de realizar angioplastia, uso de terapias de reperfusão, qualidade assistencial recebida durante a linha de cuidado, bem como a mortalidade de 30 dias, comparando-se os resultados obtidos pela população usuária do SUS e do sistema privado. Conclusões: O registro VICTIM é um esforço interinstitucional para identificar oportunidades de melhoria na linha de cuidado para IAMCSST de usuários do SUS e do sistema privado. Com isso, espera-se municiar os gestores públicos de informações técnicas que embasem novas políticas de saúde mais eficientes e equânimes.

Abstract Background: The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) was created to ensure universal, integral and equitable access to quality healthcare to Brazilians. However, studies scrutinizing the quality of the healthcare provided by the SUS are scarce. This is especially critical for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), who depend on healthcare system responsiveness and timely reperfusion to achieve better outcomes. Objective: To describe the methodology of the VICTIM Registry aimed at characterizing and comparing the access to effective therapies and the outcomes of patients with STEMI, who use the SUS and the private healthcare system at hospitals capable of performing angioplasty in Sergipe. In addition, that registry aimed at identifying and measuring possible disparities in the quality of the care provided. Methods and Results: The VICTIM Registry is an observational study, launched in December 2014, being still in the data collection phase, to investigate: the epidemiology of STEMI in Sergipe, the temporal and geographic courses of the patients up to their admission to one of the hospitals capable of performing angioplasty, the reperfusion therapy rates, the quality of the healthcare provided during the event, and the 30-day mortality. It compares the results obtained in the SUS with those of the private healthcare system. Conclusions: The VICTIM Registry is an interinstitutional effort to identify opportunities for healthcare improvement for SUS and private healthcare system patients with STEMI. It is expected to provide healthcare managers with information to support new, more efficient and equitable healthcare policies.

ABSTRACT Grape juices have been valued due to their potential health benefits, which have demanded increased grape productivity and quality. Five grape cultivars grown in Brazil, Isabel Precoce, Carmem, Violeta, Concord and Bordo were evaluated in 2013 and 2014 seasons for bioactive components and also for juice processing quality traits. Production cycle was the longest for Carmem but lower and similar for Violeta, Isabel, Bordo and Concord. Isabel showed higher productivity (5.4 kg∙plant-1) but lowest soluble solids content (16.9 °Brix), anthocyanins (26.7 mg∙100 g-1) and total phenolics (110.7 mg∙100 g-1). The highest anthocyanins contents were observed in Violeta (189.9 mg∙100 g-1) and Bordo (133.8 mg∙100 g-1). These cultivars were also rich in phenolics (356.1 and 239.5 mg∙100 g-1, respectively). The highest anthocyanin and total phenolics concentrations were found in Violeta juice (2.68 and 6.33 g∙L-1) followed by Bordo (1.44 and 2.86 g∙L-1). Isabel juice had the lowest content, 0.14 and 1.29 g∙L-1, respectively. Biogenic amines were found at low concentrations only in the juices. Putrescine and spermidine were the major amines detected in juices. Phenylethylamine was detected only in Bordo juice from 2013 season and tryptamine was detected only in 2014 season. Blends were preferred over varietal juices except for Carmem.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the circumstances of the creation of the first nursing undergraduate course in Espírito Santo from the expansion of nursing undergraduate courses in Brazil in the 1970s. Method: socio-historical documentary study, with a qualitative approach. The period covered was from 1972 to 1976, the initial milestone set by the III Meeting of the Ministers of Health of the Americas, held in Chile. Two written documents were used as central primary sources: the report of the work entitled “Data on the Training of Nursing Personnel in Brazil”, produced by the Documentation and Studies Commission of the Brazilian Nursing Association, published in 1969, and the report “Nursing Higher Education Development in Brazil”, published by the Department of University Affairs of the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1979. Results: The increase in the number of undergraduate nursing courses in Brazil in the 1970s, based on the Ten-Year Health Plan for the Americas, provided favorable conditions for the creation of the first nursing undergraduate course in Espírito Santo. Conclusion: Brazil, through the Department of University Affairs of the Ministry of Education and Culture and with the support of the Brazilian Nursing Association, initiated a nursing development policy, in which, during the 1970s, a significant number undergraduate courses in nursing were created, allowing a better geographical distribution of nurses in addition to the increase in the number of these professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las circunstancias de la creación del primer curso de graduación en enfermería del Espírito Santo a partir de la expansión de los cursos de graduación en enfermería en Brasil en la década de 1970. Método: estudio socio-histórico documental, con abordaje cualitativo. El recorte temporal comprende el período de 1972 a 1976, siendo el marco inicial demarcado por la III Reunión de Ministros de Salud de las Américas, ocurrida en Chile. Se utilizaron como fuentes primarias centrales dos documentos escritos: el informe del trabajo titulado “Datos sobre la forma-ción del personal de enfermería de Brasil”, producido por la Comisión de Documentación y Estudios de la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería, publicado en 1969, y el informe “Desarrollo de la Enseñanza Superior de Enfermería en Brasil”, publicado por el Departamento de Asuntos Universitarios del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura en 1979. Resultados: la expansión del número de cursos de graduación en enfermería en Brasil en la década de 1970, a partir del Plan Decenal de Salud para las Américas, propició condiciones favorables para la creación del primer curso de graduación en enfermería del Espíritu Santo. Conclusión: Brasil, a través del Departamento de Asuntos Universitarios del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura y con el apoyo de la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería, inició una política de desarrollo de la enfermería, donde se crearon, en la década de 1970, un expresivo número de cursos de graduación en enfermería, posibilitando además del autismo del cuantitativo de enfermeros una mejor distribución geográfica de esos profesionales.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as circunstâncias da criação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem do Espírito Santo a partir da expansão dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil na década de 1970. Método: estudo sócio-histórico documental, com abordagem qualitativa. O recorte temporal compreende o período de 1972 a 1976, sendo o marco inicial demarcado pela III Reunião de Ministros da Saúde das Américas, ocorrida no Chile. Foram utilizadas como fontes primárias centrais dois documentos escritos: o relatório do trabalho intitulado “Dados sobre a formação do pessoal de enfermagem do Brasil”, produzido pela Comissão de Documentação e Estudos da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, publicado em 1969, e o relatório “Desenvolvimento do Ensino Superior de Enfermagem no Brasil”, publicado pelo Departamento de Assuntos Universitários do Ministério da Educação e da Cultura, em 1979. Resultados: a expansão do número de cursos de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil na década de 1970, a partir do Plano Decenal de Saúde Para as Américas, propiciou condições favoráveis para criação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem do Espírito Santo. Conclusão: o Brasil, por meio do Departamento de Assuntos Universitários do Ministério da Educação e da Cultura e com o apoio da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, iniciou uma política de desenvolvimento da enfermagem, onde foram criados, na década de 1970, um expressivo número de cursos de graduação em enfermagem, possibilitando além do aumento do quantitativo de enfermeiros uma melhor distribuição geográfica desses profissionais.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as circunstâncias da criação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem do Espírito Santo a partir da expansão dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil na década de 1970. Método: estudo sócio-histórico documental, com abordagem qualitativa. O recorte temporal compreende o período de 1972 a 1976, sendo o marco inicial demarcado pela III Reunião de Ministros da Saúde das Américas, ocorrida no Chile. Foram utilizadas como fontes primárias centrais dois documentos escritos: o relatório do trabalho intitulado “Dados sobre a formação do pessoal de enfermagem do Brasil”, produzido pela Comissão de Documentação e Estudos da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, publicado em 1969, e o relatório “Desenvolvimento do Ensino Superior de Enfermagem no Brasil”, publicado pelo Departamento de Assuntos Universitários do Ministério da Educação e da Cultura, em 1979. Resultados: a expansão do número de cursos de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil na década de 1970, a partir do Plano Decenal de Saúde Para as Américas, propiciou condições favoráveis para criação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem do Espírito Santo. Conclusão: o Brasil, por meio do Departamento de Assuntos Universitários do Ministério da Educação e da Cultura e com o apoio da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, iniciou uma política de desenvolvimento da enfermagem, onde foram criados, na década de 1970, um expressivo número de cursos de graduação em enfermagem, possibilitando além do aumento do quantitativo de enfermeiros uma melhor distribuição geográfica desses profissionais.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the circumstances of the creation of the first nursing undergraduate course in Espírito Santo from the expansion of nursing undergraduate courses in Brazil in the 1970s. Method: socio-historical documentary study, with a qualitative approach. The period covered was from 1972 to 1976, the initial milestone set by the III Meeting of the Ministers of Health of the Americas, held in Chile. Two written documents were used as central primary sources: the report of the work entitled “Data on the Training of Nursing Personnel in Brazil”, produced by the Documentation and Studies Commission of the Brazilian Nursing Association, published in 1969, and the report “Nursing Higher Education Development in Brazil”, published by the Department of University Affairs of the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1979. Results: The increase in the number of undergraduate nursing courses in Brazil in the 1970s, based on the Ten-Year Health Plan for the Americas, provided favorable conditions for the creation of the first nursing undergraduate course in Espírito Santo. Conclusion: Brazil, through the Department of University Affairs of the Ministry of Education and Culture and with the support of the Brazilian Nursing Association, initiated a nursing development policy, in which, during the 1970s, a significant number undergraduate courses in nursing were created, allowing a better geographical distribution of nurses in addition to the increase in the number of these professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las circunstancias de la creación del primer curso de graduación en enfermería del Espírito Santo a partir de la expansión de los cursos de graduación en enfermería en Brasil en la década de 1970. Método: estudio socio-histórico documental, con abordaje cualitativo. El recorte temporal comprende el período de 1972 a 1976, siendo el marco inicial demarcado por la III Reunión de Ministros de Salud de las Américas, ocurrida en Chile. Se utilizaron como fuentes primarias centrales dos documentos escritos: el informe del trabajo titulado “Datos sobre la forma-ción del personal de enfermería de Brasil”, producido por la Comisión de Documentación y Estudios de la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería, publicado en 1969, y el informe “Desarrollo de la Enseñanza Superior de Enfermería en Brasil”, publicado por el Departamento de Asuntos Universitarios del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura en 1979. Resultados: la expansión del número de cursos de graduación en enfermería en Brasil en la década de 1970, a partir del Plan Decenal de Salud para las Américas, propició condiciones favorables para la creación del primer curso de graduación en enfermería del Espíritu Santo. Conclusión: Brasil, a través del Departamento de Asuntos Universitarios del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura y con el apoyo de la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería, inició una política de desarrollo de la enfermería, donde se crearon, en la década de 1970, un expresivo número de cursos de graduación en enfermería, posibilitando además del autismo del cuantitativo de enfermeros una mejor distribución geográfica de esos profesionales.

Abstract Background: The emergence of oligoclonal bands, proteins differing from those originally identified at diagnosis, has been reported in multiple myeloma patients after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation and after successful conventional chemotherapy. The clinical relevance of oligoclonal bands remains unclear, but their emergence has been associated with better prognosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of the presence of oligoclonal bands in multiple myeloma patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The study included newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with at least very good partial response after conventional dose or high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. The emergence of oligoclonal bands was identified using serum protein electrophoresis as well as serum and urine immunofixation techniques. Results: A total of 101 patients were included with a median follow-up of 42 months. In total, 55% were male, and the median age was 58 years (29-87 years). Fifty-one (50.5%) patients developed oligoclonal bands. They comprised 60% (45/75) of patients treated with autologous stem cell transplantation and 23% (6/26) of those who were not transplanted. Patients with oligoclonal bands showed better progression-free survival than those without the emergence of oligoclonal bands (p-value = 0.0075). Conclusion: The prevalence of oligoclonal bands in this study population was 50.5% with its frequency being greater in cases treated with autologous stem cell transplantation and in those attaining complete remission. Complete remission was more important than the emergence of oligoclonal bands on progression-free survival.

ABSTRACT In the Brazilian Southeast, the production of high quality wines is attained by a new management approach called double pruning. This management changes the harvesting of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) from wet summer to dry winter through a two pruning procedures carried out during the year. The first pruning is done during the winter to induce a vegetative cycle (all clusters are removed) and a second pruning is done during the summer to induce the reproductive cycle. In this study, ten different rootstocks were compared in order to optimize yield and wine quality of Syrah vines conducted under autumn-winter season by double pruning approach. Syrah grapevines grafted onto ‘Rupestris du Lot’ and ‘IAC 766’ showed the highest pruning weight, while ‘110 Richter’ and ‘161-49 Courdec’ induced the lowest cane vigor. The average production of two seasons identified ‘IAC 766’, ‘Kober 5BB’ and ‘Rupestris du Lot’ as the most productive rootstocks. In both seasons, the grape quality was more influenced by the plant development status than by rootstocks. ‘Syrah’ wine from vigorous and high yielding rootstocks, ‘IAC 766’ and ‘Rupestris du Lot’, showed satisfactory wine phenolic composition and alcohol/acidity balance. This study showed that vigorous rootstock increased yield without compromising grape and winter wine quality of Syrah grapevines subjected to double pruning management in the Brazilian Southeast.

Resumo Balantidium coli é um protozoário que pode determinar disenteria em humanos, suínos e primatas não humanos apresentando potencial zoonótico. Na literatura ainda são escassas as informações sobre a eficiência das diferentes técnicas laboratoriais para o diagnóstico dessa parasitose. Este estudo comparou e avaliou o desempenho das técnicas de Lutz, Ritchie modificada, Faust, Sheather modificada e do exame direto para a detecção de cistos desse protozoário. Entre 2012 e 2014, foram coletadas 1905 amostras fecais de animais cativos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Dessas, 790 foram obtidas da ampola retal de suínos e 1115 dos recintos de primatas não humanos. Cistos de B. coli foram 22,4 % mais evidenciados pelo exame direto; e pela técnica de Lutz, 21% das amostras. Concordância regular (Kappa = 0,41; p < 0,05) foi observada somente entre exame direto e Lutz. As técnicas de flutuação, Faust et al. e Sheather modificada não apresentaram boa recuperação dos cistos. Diferença estatística significativa (p < 0,05) na frequência de cistos entre suínos e primatas não humanos pode ser observada somente no exame direto e na técnica de Lutz. A metodologia mais eficiente para diagnóstico dessa parasitose foi observada pela associação do exame direto e da técnica de sedimentação espontânea.

Abstract Balantidium coli is a protozoon that can cause dysentery in humans, pigs and nonhuman primates, with zoonotic potential. In the literature, there is still little information on the effectiveness of different laboratory techniques for diagnosing this disease. This study compared and evaluated the performance of the Lutz, modified Ritchie, Faust, modified Sheather and direct examination techniques for detecting cysts of this protozoon. Between 2012 and 2014, 1905 fecal samples were collected from captive animals in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Of these, 790 were obtained from the rectum of pigs and 1115 from enclosures occupied by nonhuman primates. B. coli cysts were most evident through direct examination (22.4% of the samples) and the Lutz technique (21%). Fair agreement (Kappa = 0.41; p < 0.05) was observed only between direct examination and Lutz. The flotation techniques (Faust and modified Sheather) did not show good recovery of cysts. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the frequency of cysts between pigs and nonhuman primates could only be observed through direct examination and the Lutz technique. The most efficient method for diagnosing this parasitosis was seen to an association between direct examination and the spontaneous sedimentation technique.

Resumo Objetivo: estimar a associação entre exposição a poluentes atmosféricos e internações por pneumonia em crianças de uma cidade de médio porte em região de plantio de cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: estudo ecológico de séries temporais com dados de internação por pneumonia em crianças com até 10 anos de idade residentes em Araraquara, SP, de 1 de janeiro de 2010 a 30 de novembro de 2012. Para estimar a associação entre internações por pneumonia e material particulado (MP) com diâmetro aerodinâmico inferior a 10 µm, dióxido de nitrogênio e ozônio, foram calculados os riscos relativos para internação segundo modelo aditivo generalizado de regressão de Poisson, com defasagens de até cinco dias. Foi obtido o aumento percentual (ppt) no risco relativo (ARR - aumento no risco relativo) para internação segundo aumento de 10 µg/m3 para cada poluente ajustado para os demais. Resultados: registraram-se 234 internações nos três anos de estudo. Houve forte associação entre as internações e o MP10 e o NO2. O ARR foi de 15 ppt para MP10 no mesmo dia da exposição e de 7 ppt no primeiro dia após a exposição ao NO2. Conclusão: houve evidências da ação de poluentes do ar sobre internações por pneumonia em uma cidade de médio porte em região afetada por poluição do ar decorrente de queima da palha da cana-de-açúcar. Os dados apresentados fornecem subsídios para implantação de políticas públicas visando à diminuição desses riscos.

Summary Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the association between expo sure to air pollutants and hospitalization for pneumonia among children in a medium-sized city located in the sugar cane plantation region of São Paulo State. Methods: An ecological time-series study was conducted with daily data of hospi talization for pneumonia including children aged 10 years or younger living in Ar araquara, state of São Paulo, from January 1st, 2010, to November 30th, 2012. To es timate the association between hospitalization due to pneumonia and particulate pollutants with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, relative risks for hospitalization according to a generalized additive model of Pois son regression, with Lags of up to five days, were calculated. A percentage increase (PI) was obtained for relative risk (IRR - increase on relative risk) of hospitalization at each 10 µg/m3 increment in each air pollutants adjusted for the remaining. Results: A total of 234 hospitalizations were recorded during these three years. There was a strong association between hospitalization and PM10 and NO2. The PI in relative risk was 15% to PM10 in Lag 0 and 7% points in Lag 1 for NO2. Conclusion: There was evidence of the action of air pollutants on hospitaliza tion for pneumonia in a medium-sized city located in a region affected by air pollution from sugarcane burning and the data presented here provide subsi dies for the implementation of public policies aiming to decrease this risk.

RESUMOA farinha de tapioca é oriunda de fécula extraída da mandioca, sendo um alimento largamente utilizado no Brasil. A farinha de arroz é produzida a partir de grãos de arroz, utilizada na elaboração de pães, mingaus, bolos e biscoitos, sendo recomendada para celíacos. O açúcar mascavo advindo do cozimento do caldo da cana-de-açúcar tem grande riqueza de ferro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de agregar valor aos produtos supracitados, desenvolvendo biscoitos à base de farinha de tapioca e de arroz. Foram preparadas 5 formulações: A, com proporções de 100:0, B 75:25, C 50:50, D 25:75 e E 0:100 para farinha de mandioca e farinha de arroz, respectivamente adicionado de açúcar mascavo, analisando suas propriedades tecnológicas, nutricionais e sensoriais. As análises realizadas foram perfil de textura da massa, peso, diâmetro e volume, acidez, atividade de água, carboidratos, lipídios, proteínas, fibras alimentares, cinzas e umidade; avaliação sensorial através de teste afetivo com 90 julgadores, utilizando escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos, com variação entre os termos 'gostei muitíssimo' e 'desgostei muitíssimo' para os atributos de aroma, cor, textura, sabor e impressão global, e intenção de compra. Os resultados indicaram que os biscoitos de farinhas de tapioca e de arroz adicionado de açúcar mascavo apresentou perfil tecnológico, físico-químico e nutricional dentro dos padrões legais, contudo os valores de fibra ficaram abaixo do recomendado. A avaliação sensorial correspondeu à boa aceitação do biscoito com as médias superiores a 7,0. Com este estudo, procurou-se despertar maiores discussões acerca da fabricação de novos produtos panificáveis de baixo custo, enriquecidos nutricionalmente, viáveis e de acesso fácil a todos, inclusive aos celíacos.

ABSTRACTTapioca flour is derived from the starch extracted from manioc and is a widely used food product in Brazil. Rice flour is produced from grains of rice and is used in the production of bread, porridge, cakes and cookies, which are recommended for people with celiac disease. The goal of this work was to add value to the aforementioned products by developing cookies based on tapioca and rice flours. Five formulations were prepared: A 100:0, B 75:25, C 50:50, D 25:75 and E 0:100 to tapioca and rice flour respectively, with the addition of brown sugar, and analyses its technological, nutritional and sensory properties. The following physical, physicochemical and nutritional properties were analyzed: dough texture profile, cookie weight, diameter and volume, acidity, water activity, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, dietary fiber, ash content and moisture. A sensory evaluation was held using an affective test with 90 judges and a structured nine-point hedonic scale ranging from 'like extremely' to 'dislike extremely' for the attributes scent, color, texture, taste and overall impression in addition to purchase intent. The results indicate that cookies made of tapioca and rice flours with the addition of brown sugar have technological, physicochemical and nutritional profiles within legal standards; however, the fiber contents were below recommendations. The sensory evaluation showed good acceptance of the cookies, with average scores above 7.0. This study is part of an attempt to raise further discussions regarding the production of new low-cost bakery products that are nutritionally enriched, viable and easily accessible to all, including to people with celiac disease.