RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência de diferentes épocas de plantio e variáveis meteorológicas no desempenho produtivo da mandioca industrial na região do Agreste de Alagoas. Os tratamentos foram cinco datas de plantio, com espaçamento temporal de 25 dias entre elas: D1 - 10 de abril, D2 - 05 de maio, D3 - 30 de maio, D4 - 24 de junho e D5 - 19 de julho. O período experimental foi de abril de 2021 a setembro de 2023, dois ciclos de cultivo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: dados agrometeorológicas e de crescimento e produção da cultura. Na região do Agreste de Alagoas, entre as estações chuvosa e seca, a ET0 média diária varia de 2,9 a 4,7 mm, respectivamente. A temperatura média do ar é 24,3 °C e atende as demandas térmicas da cultura da mandioca. A precipitação anual é suficiente para garantir a produção de mandioca, porém, há sazonalidade nas chuvas, com período seco da primavera ao verão, o que prejudica plantios mais tardios. Na região do Agreste de Alagoas, o melhor período para o plantio da mandioca é de 10 de abril a 5 de maio, que é o início do período chuvoso da região e garante melhores resultados em: altura do dossel vegetativo (3,2 m), diâmetro do caule (2,8 cm), índice de área foliar (3,0), comprimento máximo (43,1 cm), número (6,6) e rendimento de raízes (72,8 t ha-1), biomassa total (145 t ha-1) e teor de amido (34,3%).

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different planting times and meteorological variables on the productive performance of industrial cassava in the Agreste region of Alagoas state, Brazil. The treatments were five planting dates, 25 days apart: D1 - April 10, D2 - May 5, D3 - May 30, D4 - June 24 and D5 - July 19. The experiment was conducted from April 2021 to September 2023 (two cultivation cycles), using randomized blocks, with four replicates. The variables analyzed were agrometeorological data, crop growth and yield. In the Agreste region of Alagoas, the average daily ET0 varies from 2.9 to 4.7 mm between the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The average temperature of 24.3 °C meets the thermal demands of cassava cultivation. Although annual rainfall is sufficient to guarantee cassava production, it is seasonal, with a dry period from spring to summer, which compromises subsequent plantings. In the Agreste region of Alagoas, the best time to plant cassava is from April 10 to May 5, which is the beginning of the rainy season and ensures better vegetative canopy height (3.2 m), stem diameter (2.8 cm), leaf area index (3.0), maximum root length (43.1 cm), number (6.6) and yield (72.8 t ha-1), total biomass (145 t ha-1) and starch content (34.3%).

RESUMO A principal técnica usada para controlar a umidade e temperatura dos grãos em armazéns é o processo de aeração. A uniformidade do fluxo de ar nesse processo é fundamental para manter a qualidade do produto armazenado, e a modelagem matemática e simulação computacional são ferramentas fundamentais para otimizar o projeto desses sistemas. O objetivo do presente estudo é a realização de uma análise comparativa entre o modelo Khatchatourian e o modelo Darcy-Forchheimer, buscando identificar a viabilidade da utilização do modelo Darcy-Forchheimer para simulação do fluxo de ar em armazéns de soja. Neste trabalho, foram realizadas simulações do mesmo armazém utilizando o modelo Khatchatourian e o modelo Dary-Forchheimer. O Modelo Darcy-Forchheimer reproduziu adequadamente os dados experimentais, mas para simulações realizadas no domínio de um armazém, o modelo Khatchatourian apresentou um comportamento mais realista. Para a aplicação do modelo Darcy-Forhheimer deve ser considerado o efeito de compactação dos grãos, de tal forma que os parâmetros D e F dependam da altura da camada do produto. Além disso, as condições de contorno devem ser consideradas como pressão constante em vez de fluxo constante.

ABSTRACT The primary method for managing grain moisture and temperature in silos is through the aeration process. Ensuring uniform airflow in this process is essential for preserving the quality of the stored product. Mathematical modeling and computer simulation are important for optimizing the design of these systems. The objective of this study was to make a comparative analysis between the Khatchatourian model and the Darcy-Forchheimer model to identify the feasibility of using the Darcy-Forchheimer model for simulating airflow in soybean silos. Simulations were performed using the two models for the same silo. The Darcy-Forchheimer model adequately simulated the experimental data, but for simulations within the domain of a silo, the Khatchatourian model exhibited a more realistic result. The effect of grain compaction should be considered for the application of the Darcy-Forchheimer model, as parameters D and F depend on the height of the product layer. Boundary conditions should be considered constant pressure rather than constant flow.

In this study, we report the synthesis of acridone derivatives and their potential as photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors, as well as their preand post-emergence herbicidal activities through chlorophyll a fluorescence and germination assays. Among the compounds tested for PSII activity, acridin-9(10H)-one showed the most promising results, reducing the performance index on an absorption basis and decreasing the quantum yield for electron transport compared to the control. These findings suggest an inhibitory effect on PSII within the electron transport chain. Additionally, 2-chloroacridin-9(10H)-one and 9(10H)-acridone-4-carboxylic acid exhibited post-emergence herbicidal activity against Amaranthus lividus and Amaranthus viridis weeds, respectively, leading to a reduction in radicle and hypocotyl lengths. Furthermore, we applied a molecular docking approach with the D1 protein and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase to investigate the structure-activity relationships among the acridone derivatives with these enzymes. The analysis highlighted the importance of the carbonyl group and aromatic substituents on the acridone scaffold facilitating ligand interactions, especially through hydrogen bonding. Consequently, our research group aims to optimize these molecular features to develop new, potent bioactive molecular scaffolds.

Plants of the genus Crotalaria are known for their antagonistic effect against nematodes. It has been found that pyrrolizidine alkaloids are the main metabolites involved in such antagonistic activity. Aiming at obtaining extracts with higher alkaloid content and enhanced potential for use as bionematicides, we investigated the chemical composition and nematicidal activity of extracts obtained from Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria ochroleuca cultivated in vitro through micropropagation. Remarkably, extracts from the callus of C. ochroleuca (lethal concentration of 95% (LC95) = 157.7 μg mL-1) and C. juncea (LC95 = 189.9 μg mL-1) exhibited high toxicity against Meloidogyne javanica. The ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight with high mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MSE) analysis revealed the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, flavones, flavone glycosides, and isoflavones. These findings highlight the potential of tissue culture to obtain extracts from Crotalaria species compared to conventionally cultivated plants and provide a higher concentration of metabolites with nematicidal effects, paving the way for sustainable agriculture.

FROM SAMPLING TO PURIFICATION: METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATION OF SILOXANES IN BIOGAS. Biogas has emerged as an important source of clean and renewable energy, with its energy viability dependent on purity grade. Primarily composed by methane and carbon dioxide, biogas can also contain nitrogen, water vapor, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, hydrocarbons and siloxanes. Regarding methane, all other components are considered contaminants, with volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) being the major challenge in terms of control and removal. VMSs are commonly found in personal care products and industrial applications, and their presence is highly detrimental to biogas energy generation equipment by forming silica deposits that cause fouling and damage, reducing operational efficiency and system longevity. In this context, three topics are crucial: (i) sampling techniques (bags, gas cylinders, canisters, adsorbent tubes, and impingers); (ii) detection and quantification methods for VMSs, highlighting gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry; and (iii) biogas purification/removal strategies (adsorption, absorption, refrigeration/condensation, biological degradation, and membrane separation). This review explores the methodologies involved in these topics, presenting literature research approaches and their effectiveness regarding siloxanes, contributing to biogas applications.

BACKGROUND The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which is endemic to Southeast Asia and adjacent Pacific Islands, has already been recorded in more than 30 countries, including Brazil and other South American nations. It is one of the principal etiological agents of the zoonosis Eosinophilic Meningitis (EoM), which has a number of different species of terrestrial gastropods that act as its intermediate hosts. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the occurrence of the larvae of this nematode in specimens of terrestrial molluscs collected in half of the municipalities of the Brazilian State of Rio de Janeiro. METHODS The study is based on the surveillance of this nematode in the Brazilian State of Rio de Janeiro, where terrestrial snails and slugs were collected in more than half of the state’s municipalities (46 in all), and examined for parasitological infections. The nematode larvae retrieved from these specimens were identified based on their morphology and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA sequences. FINDINGS Angiostrongylid larvae were found in 230 (8.8%) of the 2,600 terrestrial molluscs examined, collected from 26 municipalities. Overall, 14 terrestrial gastropod species were identified, including both native and exotic taxa, and six were found to be infected naturally by A. cantonensis. The natural infection rates by Angiostrongylus in the different terrestrial molluscs species were 12.5% in Angustipes erinaceus, 9.7% in Achatina fulica, 6.8% in Bradybaena similaris, 6.3% in Sarasinula linguaeformis, 3.9% in Leptinaria unilamellata, and 4.6% in Subulina octona. A. fulica was the most frequent and extensively distributed species, with infected snails being found in 22 municipalities. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The data from this first comprehensive survey of A. cantonensis in Rio de Janeiro highlights the potential epidemiological risk of human infection in this state. Mapping the spread of infected molluscs will also provide essential information for the evaluation of the risk of human infection, and should help local health authorities to provide a faster and more accurate diagnosis whenever neuroangiostrongyliasis is suspected.

ABSTRACT Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the main grain crops that form part of Brazilian food consumption, but its production is affected by edaphoclimatic conditions and high salinity of the irrigation water. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of chitosan concentrations on the physiology and production components of cowpea grown under salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, adopting a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw - 0.6 and 4.0 dS m-1) and five concentrations of chitosan (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 g L-1), with four replicates, each of which consisting of three plants. Irrigation water with electrical conductivity of 4.0 dS m-1 negatively affected the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and grain production of cowpea cv. BRS Tapaihum. Foliar application of chitosan at concentrations between 0.46 and 0.71 g L-1 mitigated the deleterious effects of salt stress on photochemical efficiency, grain production, and grain index per plant. Chitosan applications under irrigation water of electrical conductivity of 0.6 dS m-1 promoted an increase in the mean pod length, grain production and grain index of cowpea plants cv. BRS Tapaihum. Vigna L. L (L. Walp. Walp consumption greenhouse design scheme ECw 06 0 6 0. 40 4 4. m1 m 1 0, (0 025 25 0.25 050 50 0.50 075 75 0.75 100 00 1.0 L1, L1 , L-1) replicates m- pigments fluorescence cv Tapaihum 046 46 0.4 071 71 0.7 L- efficiency plant length (L ( 02 0.2 05 0.5 07 7 10 1. 04

RESUMO O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) é um dos principais grãos que fazem parte do consumo alimentar dos brasileiros, no entanto, sua produção é afetada pelas características edafoclimáticas e pela alta salinidade da água de irrigação. Objetivou-se com a pesquisa avaliar os efeitos das concentrações de quitosana na fisiologia e produção de feijão-caupi sob estresse salino. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação em Campina Grande, PB, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 5, sendo dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa - 0,6 e 4,0 dS m-1) e cinco concentrações de quitosana (0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,00 g L-1) com quatro repetições cada uma consistindo de três plantas. A irrigação com água de condutividade elétrica de 4,0 dS m-1 afetou negativamente a síntese de pigmentos fotossintéticos, a fluorescência da clorofila a e a produção de grãos de feijão-caupi cultivar BRS Tapaihum. A aplicação foliar de quitosana entre as concentrações de 0,46 e 0,71 g L-1 amenizou os efeitos do estresse salino, aumentando a eficiência fotoquímica, a produção e o índice de grãos por planta. As aplicações de quitosana sob água de irrigação com condutividade elétrica de 0,6 dS m-1 promoveram aumento no comprimento médio da vagem, produção de grãos e índice de grãos das plantas de feijão-caupi cv. BRS Tapaihum. feijãocaupi feijão caupi Vigna L. L (L. Walp. Walp brasileiros entanto Objetivouse Objetivou se salino Grande PB utilizandose utilizando casualizado 5 CEa 06 0 6 0, 40 4 4, m1 m 1 (0 0,25 025 25 0,50 050 50 075 75 0,7 100 00 1,0 L1 m- fotossintéticos Tapaihum 046 46 0,4 071 71 L- fotoquímica planta vagem cv (L ( 0,2 02 0,5 05 07 7 10 1, 04

The objective of this work was to evaluate the total concentration and bioaccessible fractions of Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Pb, V and Zn in berry fruits and analyze the influence of different cultivars and growing conditions on the obtained results. The variations in bioaccessible concentrations were from 7.7-30, 17-29, 22-50, 1.8-96, 22-33 and 20-51% of the total concentration, for Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, respectively. Copper showed greater bioaccessibility in blackberry and blueberry. For Fe, bioaccessibility was observed in all strawberries and blueberries and in some blackberries. Zinc presented higher bioaccessible fractions in strawberries. For V, only the sample Blackberry 124 showed bioaccessible concentration, (11% of the total concentration). Regarding the different forms of cultivation, the strawberries that received radiation from the red and white lamps presented a higher production of fruit compared to the other systems, however, in relation to the absorption of nutrients, a small variation was observed between the fruits. Ba Ca Cd Cr Cu Fe K Mg Mn results 7.730, 7730 7.7 30, 7 30 7.7-30 1729, 1729 17 29, 29 17-29 2250, 2250 22 50, 50 22-50 1.896, 1896 1.8 96, 1 8 96 1.8-96 2233 33 22-3 2051% 2051 20 51% 51 20-51 respectively blueberry blackberries 12 11% 11 (11 concentration. . concentration) cultivation systems however nutrients 730 7.730 773 77 7. 3 7.7-3 172 2 17-2 225 5 22-5 896 1.896 189 18 1. 9 1.8-9 223 22- 205 20-5 (1 73 7.73 7.7- 17- 89 1.89 1.8- 20- (

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential. Malvaceae (Malvaceae antioxidant remedies medicines Gurke Malva Chapada. Chapada . Chapada” compounds 13 S (S 132S 132(S 17 ethoxyphaeophorbide decanol Z 3β25 3β 3β,2 diol 2 3β24 24 glucopyranoside quercetin acacetin kaempferol tiliroside 3,7,8,4 3784 7 8 4 tetramethoxyflavone 57 5, 3,8,4 384 methoxyflavone 5,7,4 574 38 3, MIC 51 mL1, mL1 , A mL1. content DPPH EC EC5 636 6 36 6.3 0029 0 029 0.02 1. 1 1) P 3β2 3β, 3,7,8, 378 3,8, 5,7, 63 6. 002 02 0.0 3,7,8 37 00 0. 3,7, 3,7

This study aimed to isolate, purify and characterize secondary metabolites present in Amburana acreana leaves, native to the state of Rondônia, using classical chromatographic methods and 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the hydroethanolic leaves extract of A. acreana, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, coumarin, campesterol 3-β-D-glucoside and amburoside B, all known compounds, were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and chemical characterization of secondary metabolites in A. acreana. In addition, in vitro assays indicated that amburoside B does not have inhibitory potential on the growth of gram-negative bacteria. The presence of these compounds suggests that, thus far, amburosides (A and B) could be chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Amburana. isolate Rondônia 1D D spectroscopy A phydroxybenzoic p hydroxybenzoic acid coumarin 3βDglucoside βDglucoside 3 β glucoside identified knowledge addition gramnegative gram negative bacteria far

The in silico study aimed to suggest phytochemicals from Commiphora leptophloeos leaves essential oil as therapies against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2). For that, we used molecular docking (MD), absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) parameters, and pharmacokinetic analysis. MD showed the presence of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds for nine compounds. β-Selinene and bicyclogermacrene showed the best interaction values with the protein Mpro (ID: 6Y2F) (-5.9) and chimeric receptor complexed with its receptor human ACE2 (ID: 6VW1) (-6.1 and -5.5) proteins, as well as low gastrointestinal and high epithelial absorptions, medium permeability for Caco-2 cells and high epithelial permeability, low oral excretion, and were inhibitors of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 enzymes. On the other hand, both were not permeable to the blood-brain barrier and inhibitors or substrates for glycoprotein-D, and showed carcinogenic potential, but only β-selinene was considered mutagenic. Although little bioavailable, both presented aspects structurally adequate, being compounds with moderate synthesis difficulty. Therefore, more analyses are necessary to evaluate the mechanism of action and unsatisfactory parameters foreseen in bioinformatic assays. COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 2 SARSCoV2. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV . SARS-CoV-2) that MD, , (MD) absorption distribution metabolism excretion ADMET (ADMET analysis βSelinene β Selinene ID (ID 6Y2F YF Y F 5.9 59 5 9 (-5.9 ACE 6VW1 VW 6.1 61 6 1 (-6. 5.5 55 -5.5 proteins absorptions Caco2 Caco Caco- CYPC CYP C CYP2C1 CYP2C enzymes hand bloodbrain blood brain glycoproteinD, glycoproteinD glycoprotein D, D glycoprotein-D potential βselinene selinene mutagenic bioavailable adequate difficulty Therefore assays COVID1 (COVID-1 SARS-CoV-2 (MD 5. (-5. 6VW 6. (-6 -5. (COVID- SARS-CoV- (-5 (- -5 (COVID SARS-CoV ( -

Bulk precipitation (BP) samples were collected at two coastal urban sites and two montane Atlantic Forest (400 and 1000 m altitude) areas in southeastern Brazil from August 2008 to August 2009. These samples were analyzed for the major inorganic ions (H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42-) found in rainwater. The concentrations of inorganic nitrogen species (NH4+, NO3- and NO2-) were compiled from a previous study. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentrations of inorganic ions differed spatially, with higher values at the coastal urban and coastal periurban sites. On a molar basis, Cl- and Na+ together comprised 60% of the total inorganic constituents at the coastal urban site and 34-42% at the other three sites, as it is the closest to the ocean. Magnesium was also primarily associated with sea-salt aerosol. Non-sea-salt (nss) fractions of K+, Ca2+ and SO42- comprised 68-93% of their VWM concentrations, indicating the contribution of natural (mostly biogenic) and anthropogenic (SO2 oxidation for the latter) sources. Finally, we found that the acidity of BP at the four sampling sites is primarily controlled by the NH4+, nss-Ca2+, nss-SO42-, and NO3- ions, resulting in VWM pH values ranging from 5.60 (lower montane forest) to 5.98 (coastal periurban site). (BP 400 (40 100 altitude 200 2009 H+, H (H+ Na K K+ Ca2 Ca Mg2 Mg Mg2+ Cl SO42 SO rainwater NH4 NH (NH4+ NO3 NO NO2 NO2- study volumeweighted volume weighted (VWM spatially basis 60 3442% 3442 34 42% 42 34-42 ocean seasalt sea salt aerosol Nonseasalt Non nss (nss 6893% 6893 68 93% 93 68-93 mostly biogenic SO2 (SO latter sources Finally NH4+ nssCa2+, nssCa2 nssCa nss-Ca2+ nssSO42, nssSO42 nssSO , nss-SO42- 560 5 5.6 lower forest 598 98 5.9 site. . site) 40 (4 10 20 H+ (H SO4 (NH4 6 344 3 4 34-4 689 9 68-9 nssCa2+ nss-Ca2 nssSO4 nss-SO42 56 5. 59 ( 1 2 (NH 34- 68- nss-Ca nss-SO4 nss-SO

Serial numbers are marks present on several day-to-day objects, created by manufacturers for purposes such as quality control, product tracking and to prevent counterfeiting. In the case of firearms, these characters can be obliterated or damaged by natural processes or intentionally by criminals to prevent positive identification of stolen property. One non-destructive method employed by crime laboratories for the restoration of obliterated characters is the magnetic particle method. The present work aims to study the synthesis and application of waste-made magnetic nanoparticles in the recovery of adulterated markings. A set of analytical-grade materials and metallic waste magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized for comparison purposes. Chemical characterization tests by X-ray fluorescence, morphological tests by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetization tests by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were performed. The efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested on 1020 steel plates previously engraved and adulterated by sanding. Both homemade magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated superior performance compared to commercial magnetic particles. The application of homemade magnetic particles, especially using waste as the source of production, decreases the cost of the material and is environmentally friendly. The development of this material makes magnetic serial number restoration a better option for widespread use in forensic procedures. daytoday day objects control counterfeiting firearms property nondestructive non destructive wastemade made markings analyticalgrade analytical grade Xray X ray fluorescence SEM, SEM , (SEM) VSM (VSM performed 102 sanding particles production friendly procedures (SEM 10 1

Compared to other species, components of Combretum lanceolatum are still with few data reported in the literature. This work describes the compounds identification, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of C. lanceolatum twigs. Ethanolic extract (EECLT) from C. lanceolatum twigs was submitted to partition obtaining: hexane (HF), diethyl ether (EEF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hydromethanolic (HMF) fractions. They were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and direct insertion mass spectrometry and evaluated for antioxidant assay (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method) and antimicrobial assay. Fifty-seven compounds were identified in the fractions. In antioxidant assay, EECLT and EAF demonstrated good antioxidant potential (half maximal effective concentration (EC50): 57.9 and 45.4 µg mL–1, respectively), better than the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (EC50: 69.34 µg mL–1). For antimicrobial assay, all fractions presented promising minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). EECLT presented the best values against Staphylococcus aureus (125 µg mL–1) and Escherichia coli (62.5 µg mL–1) and better than the positive control fluconazole (8 and 16 µg mL–1) against Candida albicans (3.9 µg mL–1) and Candida krusei (15.6 µg mL–1) strains. This study presents relevant chemical and biological information about C. lanceloatum expanding the knowledge of Brazilian flora. species literature identification C (EECLT obtaining HF, HF , (HF) EEF, EEF (EEF) (EAF HMF (HMF chromatographymass 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl 2 DPPH (DPPH method Fiftyseven Fifty seven half EC50 EC (EC50) 579 57 9 57. 454 45 4 45. mL1 mL mL–1 respectively, respectively respectively) BHT (BHT (EC50 6934 69 34 69.3 mL–1. . MIC. MIC (MIC) 125 (12 62.5 625 62 5 (62. 8 ( 3.9 39 3 (3. 15.6 156 15 6 (15. strains flora (HF (EEF 2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22 2, EC5 mL– (EC5 693 69. (MIC 12 (1 62. (62 3. (3 15. (15 (EC (6

The history of the discovery, use, and development of dyes is closely linked to the history of humanity itself. Among the first records of human civilization are cave paintings made from, e.g., fruits, plants, minerals, and insects. Over the centuries, using different techniques, colors have been given to all types of materials and products, from clothing to food. The chemicals responsible for colors are dyes - a vast collection of molecules of the most varied compositions, but which have in common the absorption of light within the visible window of the electromagnetic spectrum. This article aims not only to review the properties of some classes of natural dyes, their origins, and their applications but also to describe the various computational chemistry methods involved in designing new bio-inspired molecules. discovery use itself eg e g e.g. fruits plants minerals insects centuries techniques products food compositions spectrum origins bioinspired bio inspired e.g