The essential oil extracted from Anemia tomentosa (EOAT) has shown larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti, based on methods in vitro and in silico. Chromatographic and spectrometric techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID)), as well as mono and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to assess 10 essential oil components. Chemical composition of essential oil comprised 87.51% sesquiterpenes, with emphasis on presilphiperfolan-1-ol (42.13%) and silphiperfol-5-ene (19.47%). Larvicidal assay conducted in vitro with EOAT has evidenced potential cytotoxic activity up to 48 h exposure to it; mortality rate observed for A. aegypti larvae exposed to essential oil reached 100%. Study conducted in silico with chemical compounds deriving from the herein investigated plant species has evidenced its potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase in A. aegypti. Activity of triquinane sesquiterpenes ranging from -6.8 to -8.2 kcal mol-1 stood out in comparison to that of temephos (-7.5 kcal mol-1). Chemical compounds identified in the investigated essential oil presented low human and environmental toxicity, as observed in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and toxicity (ADMETox) predictions. (EOAT chromatographymass chromatography mass CGMS, CGMS CG MS , (CG-MS) chromatographyflame flame GCFID, GCFID GC FID (GC-FID)) NMR (NMR 1 components 8751 87 51 87.51 presilphiperfolan1ol presilphiperfolanol presilphiperfolan ol 42.13% 4213 42 13 (42.13% silphiperfol5ene silphiperfolene silphiperfol 5 ene 19.47%. 1947 19.47% . 19 47 (19.47%) 4 it A 100 100% 6.8 68 6 8 -6. 8.2 82 2 -8. mol1 mol mol- 7.5 75 7 (-7. mol1. mol-1) absorption distribution excretion ADMETox (ADMETox predictions (CG-MS (GC-FID) 875 87.5 42.13 421 (42.13 194 19.47 (19.47% 6. -6 8. -8 7. (-7 (GC-FID 87. 42.1 (42.1 19.4 (19.47 - (- 42. (42. 19. (19.4 ( (42 (19. (4 (19 (1

In silico and in vitro tests can reveal promising anti-leishmania activity for natural products and their derivatives. The aim of this study was to investigate in silico the pharmacological activities of potential new chalcones and their leishmanicidal potential in vitro. The in silico study was carried out using the PASS, MolPredictX and Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 programs. Antiparasitic activity was assessed in axenic promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis. The cytotoxicity tests used the J77G8 cell line. The chalcones exhibited 50% cytotoxic concentration values (CC50) values > 50 μM. Chalcone 4 (named FERAI) presented the best activity with concentration for 50% of promastigotes and intracellular parasites forms (EC50) of 9.75 ± 1.7 and 10.13 ± 1.7 μM for promastigote and amastigote, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) testing presented increased ROS levels in the parasite at the FERAI concentrations of 10 μM (56.33%), 20 μM (61.76%) and 30 μM (67.13%). Molecular docking revealed interactions (binding energy) between FERAI and the enzymes UDP-glycosyl pyrophosphorylase (-56.8384), dihydroorotate-dehydrogenase (-132.276) and trypanothione-reductase (-151.281). Our results demonstrated the anti-leishmanial activity of chalcones, especially FERAI, with a noted raising of ROS levels in the parasite. Molecular docking revealed dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and trypanothione reductase as potential pharmacological targets for FERAI. antileishmania anti leishmania derivatives PASS 60 6 0 6. programs braziliensis JG J G J77G line CC50 CC (CC50 5 named EC50 EC (EC50 975 9 75 9.7 17 1 7 1. 1013 13 10.1 respectively (ROS 56.33%, 5633 56.33% , 56 33 (56.33%) 2 61.76% 6176 61 76 (61.76% 3 67.13%. 6713 67.13% . 67 (67.13%) binding energy UDPglycosyl UDP glycosyl 56.8384, 568384 56.8384 8384 (-56.8384) dihydroorotatedehydrogenase 132.276 132276 132 276 (-132.276 trypanothionereductase 151.281. 151281 151.281 151 281 (-151.281) antileishmanial leishmanial CC5 (CC5 EC5 (EC5 97 9. 101 10. 563 56.33 (56.33% 61.76 617 (61.76 671 67.13 (67.13% 56838 56.838 838 (-56.8384 132.27 13227 27 (-132.27 15128 151.28 15 28 (-151.281 (CC (EC 56.3 (56.33 61.7 (61.7 67.1 (67.13 5683 56.83 83 (-56.838 132.2 1322 (-132.2 1512 151.2 (-151.28 56. (56.3 61. (61. 67. (67.1 568 56.8 8 (-56.83 132. (-132. 151. (-151.2 (56. (61 (67. (-56.8 (-132 (-151. (56 (6 (67 (-56. (-13 (-151 (5 ( (-56 (-1 (-15 (-5 (-

Serial numbers are marks present on several day-to-day objects, created by manufacturers for purposes such as quality control, product tracking and to prevent counterfeiting. In the case of firearms, these characters can be obliterated or damaged by natural processes or intentionally by criminals to prevent positive identification of stolen property. One non-destructive method employed by crime laboratories for the restoration of obliterated characters is the magnetic particle method. The present work aims to study the synthesis and application of waste-made magnetic nanoparticles in the recovery of adulterated markings. A set of analytical-grade materials and metallic waste magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized for comparison purposes. Chemical characterization tests by X-ray fluorescence, morphological tests by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetization tests by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were performed. The efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested on 1020 steel plates previously engraved and adulterated by sanding. Both homemade magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated superior performance compared to commercial magnetic particles. The application of homemade magnetic particles, especially using waste as the source of production, decreases the cost of the material and is environmentally friendly. The development of this material makes magnetic serial number restoration a better option for widespread use in forensic procedures. daytoday day objects control counterfeiting firearms property nondestructive non destructive wastemade made markings analyticalgrade analytical grade Xray X ray fluorescence SEM, SEM , (SEM) VSM (VSM performed 102 sanding particles production friendly procedures (SEM 10 1

Bredemeyera Willd. is a genus of the Polygalaceae family, occurring in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal potential, in vitro and in silico, of Bredemeyera brevifolia extracts. The identification of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector showed that palmitic (36.55 mg g−1), margaric (3.66 mg g−1), linolelaidic (108.82 mg g−1), oleic (7.86 mg g−1), stearic (41.11 mg g−1), dihomo-γ-linolenic (85.48 mg g−1), and arachidic (209.00 mg g−1) acids are present in the hexane extract. From the chloroform extract, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone was isolated and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay with methanolic extract demonstrated antifungal activity against species of the genus Candida, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton for up to 96 h, with values ranging from 64-1024 μg mL−1. The in silico study with the chemical compounds of this species showed fungal inhibition potential of sterol-14-α-demethylase, highlighting 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which presented an affinity energy of -8.8 kcal mol−1, greater than that observed for fluconazole (−8.3 kcal mol−1). The fatty acids interacted with the active site of the enzyme but presented energies ≥ −7.4 kcal mol−1. Compounds isolated from this species have pharmacokinetic potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Willd family Brazil extracts chromatographymass chromatography mass chromatographyflame flame 36.55 3655 36 55 (36.5 g−1, g1 g g−1 , 1 3.66 366 3 66 (3.6 108.82 10882 108 82 (108.8 7.86 786 7 86 (7.8 41.11 4111 41 11 (41.1 dihomoγlinolenic dihomo γ linolenic 85.48 8548 85 48 (85.4 209.00 20900 209 00 (209.0 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone 1hydroxy37dimethoxyxanthone hydroxydimethoxyxanthone hydroxy 3,7 dimethoxyxanthone identified Candida Sporothrix 9 h 641024 64 1024 64-102 mL1 mL mL−1 sterol14αdemethylase, sterol14αdemethylase sterolαdemethylase sterol 14 α demethylase, demethylase sterol-14-α-demethylase 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone, dimethoxyxanthone, 8.8 88 8 -8. mol1 mol mol−1 −8.3 83 (−8. . mol−1) 74 4 −7. formulations 36.5 365 5 (36. g− 3.6 6 (3. 108.8 1088 10 (108. 7.8 78 (7. 41.1 411 (41. 85.4 854 (85. 209.0 2090 20 0 (209. 1hydroxy3 7dimethoxyxanthone 37 3, 64102 102 64-10 mL− αdemethylase 8. -8 mol− −8. (−8 −7 36. (36 3. (3 108. (108 7. (7 41. (41 85. (85 209. 2 (209 1hydroxy 6410 64-1 - −8 (− − ( (10 (4 (8 (20 641 64- (1 (2

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as fases de plastocrono em cultivares de soja com hábito de crescimento determinado e indeterminado. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no período de 2010/2011 a 2022/2023 em quatro locais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com 25 cultivares de soja com hábito de crescimento determinado (6) e indeterminado (19). Este estudo buscou dividir o plastocrono em fases durante o período de emissão de nós da soja. Em cultivares irrigadas de hábito de crescimento determinado, o plastocrono apresenta duas fases, a fase inicial de 59,7 °C dia nó-1 e a fase final de 65,7 °C dia nó-1. Em ambientes não irrigados, não há diferença entre as fases inicial e final do plastocrono. As cultivares de hábito de crescimento indeterminado com irrigação apresentam um plastocrono médio inicial e final de 64,1 °C dia nó-1, ao contrário da fase intermediária onde o plastocrono é de 58,5 °C dia nó-1. Em ambientes de sequeiro, as fases inicial e intermédia têm um valor médio de 60,6 °C dia nó-1, ao contrário da fase final com um plastocrono de 79,4 °C dia nó-1. A divisão do plastocrono em fases durante o período de emissão de nós na cultura da soja, proposta neste estudo, permite-nos melhorar o entendimento do desenvolvimento vegetativo de cultivares de soja de hábito de crescimento determinado e indeterminado e estabelecer bases ecofisiológicas para a construção de uma função cronológica. 20102011 2010 2011 2010/201 20222023 2022 2023 2022/202 Sul Brasil 2 6 (6 19. 19 . (19) 597 59 7 59, C nó1 nó 1 nó- 657 65 65, nó1. 1. irrigados 641 64 64, nó1, 1, 585 58 5 58, sequeiro 606 60 60, 794 79 4 79, permitenos permite nos cronológica 2010201 201 2010/20 2022202 202 2022/20 ( (19 201020 20 2010/2 202220 2022/2 (1 20102 2010/ 20222 2022/

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify plastochron phases in soybean cultivars with determinate and indeterminate growth habits. Experiments were conducted from 2010/2011 to 2022/2023 at four locations in Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), Brazil, using 25 soybean cultivars with determinate (6) and indeterminate (19) growth habits. This study divided the plastochron into phases during the soybean node emission stage. In irrigated cultivars with a determinate growth habit, the plastochron has an early and late phase of 59.7 and 65.7 °C day node-1, respectively. In rainfed (non-irrigated) environments, there is no difference between the early and late plastochron phases. The early and late plastochrons of irrigated cultivars with an indeterminate growth habit are 64.1 °C day node-1, while the intermediate phase is 58.5 °C day node-1. In rainfed environments, the average value of the early and intermediate phases is 60.6 °C day node-1, with a late plastochron of 79.4 °C day node-1. Dividing the plastochron into phases during node emission, as proposed in this study, improves understanding of vegetative development in soybean cultivars with determinate and indeterminate growth habits and establishes ecophysiological foundations for chronological function construction. 20102011 2010 2011 2010/201 20222023 2022 2023 2022/202 RS, RS , (RS) Brazil 2 6 (6 19 (19 stage 597 59 7 59. 657 65 65. C node1, node1 1, 1 node-1 respectively nonirrigated non (non-irrigated environments 641 64 64. 585 58 5 58. node1. 1. 606 60 60. 794 79 4 79. construction 2010201 201 2010/20 2022202 202 2022/20 (RS ( (1 node- 201020 20 2010/2 202220 2022/2 20102 2010/ 20222 2022/

ABSTRACT Excess of salts in water and/or soil stands out as one of the stresses that compromise the development of crops, including cherry tomato, requiring the use of strategies that reduce salt stress effects, such as foliar application of hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of H2O2 on the contents of photosynthetic pigments, growth, and production of cherry tomato under irrigation water salinity. The design used was randomized blocks, in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, with five values of electrical conductivity of water - ECw (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.4, and 3.1 dS m-1) and five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 μM). Application of hydrogen peroxide at concentration of 60 μM attenuated the deleterious effects of salt stress on the growth and number of leaves of cherry tomato up to ECw of 3.1 dS m-1. Hydrogen peroxide concentration of 45 μM increased root dry mass, synthesis of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll under electrical conductivity of water of 0.3 dS m-1 and synthesis of chlorophyll a up to ECw of 0.8 dS m-1. Foliar application of 30 μM reduced the effects of salt stress on leaf, shoot and total dry mass accumulation up to ECw of 3.1 dS m-1. Electrical conductivity of water from 1.41 dS m-1 reduced the production of cherry tomato. andor or crops Thus HO H O H2O pigments salinity blocks scheme 0.3, 03 0 3 (0.3 10 1 1.0 17 7 1.7 24 2 4 2.4 31 3. m1 m 0, (0 15 6 μM. . μM) m1. 1. 0. m- 08 8 leaf 141 41 1.4 (0. 2. ( 14

RESUMO O excesso de sais na água e/ou no solo se destaca como um dos estresses que compromete o desenvolvimento das culturas, dentre elas o tomate cereja, sendo necessário o uso de estratégias que reduzam o efeito do estresse salino, como à aplicação foliar de peróxido de hidrogênio. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de H2O2 sobre o teor de pigmentos fotossintéticos, crescimento e produção de tomate cereja sob salinidade da água de irrigação. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 × 5, sendo cinco valores de condutividade elétrica da água - CEa (0,3; 1,0; 1,7; 2,4 e 3,1 dS m-1) e cinco concentrações de peroxido de hidrogênio - H2O2 (0; 15; 30; 45 e 60 µM). A aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio na concentração de 60 µM atenuou o efeito deletério do estresse salino no crescimento em altura de plantas e no número de folhas de tomate cereja até a CEa de 3,1 dS m-1. A concentração de 45 µM de peróxido de hidrogênio aumentou a fitomassa seca de raiz, a sintese de clorofila b e total sob água de condutividade elétrica de 0,3 dS m-1 e de clorofila a até a CEa de 0,8 dS m-1. A aplicação foliar de 30 µM reduziu o efeito do estresse salino no acúmulo de fitomassa seca de folhas, da parte aérea e total até a CEa de 3,1 dS m-1. A condutividade elétrica da água a partir de 1,41 dS m-1 reduziu a produção de tomate cereja. eou ou culturas Assim HO H H2O fotossintéticos irrigação casualizados 03 0 3 (0,3 1,0 10 1 1,7 17 7 24 2 4 2, 31 3, m1 m (0 15 6 µM. . µM) m1. 1. raiz 0, m- 08 8 141 41 1,4 (0, 1, ( 14

ABSTRACT The occurrence of water with high concentrations of salts hinders the expansion of irrigated agriculture in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast, making it necessary to adopt strategies capable of minimizing the effects of salt stress on plants. In this context, the objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of hydrogen peroxide application on water relations, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of guava cv. Paluma under irrigation with saline waters in the seedling formation stage. A randomized block design was used, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, with five levels of electrical conductivity of water - ECw (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1) and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0, 25, 50, and 75 µM). Irrigation water salinity above 0.3 dS m-1 increased electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade and reduced the relative water content, synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, and growth of seedlings of guava cv. Paluma, at 80 days after sowing. Foliar application of hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of up to 75 µM reduces the relative water content in the leaf blade of guava seedlings and did not mitigate the effects of salt stress on guava plants in the seedling formation stage. semiarid semi arid Northeast context relations exchange pigments cv stage used scheme replicates 0.3, 03 0 3 (0.3 13 1 1.3 23 2 2.3 33 3.3 43 4. m1 m HO H O H2O 0, (0 25 50 7 µM. . µM) 0. m- 8 sowing (0. 1. 2. 3. (

RESUMO A ocorrência de água com elevadas concentrações de sais dificulta a expansão da agricultura irrigada no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro, tornando-se necessária a adoção de estratégias capazes de minimizar os efeitos do estresse salino sobre as plantas. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio nas relações hídricas, nas trocas gasosas, nos pigmentos fotossintéticos e no crescimento de goiabeira cv. Paluma sob irrigação com águas salinas na formação de mudas. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 × 4, com três repetições, sendo cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água - CEa (0,3; 1,3; 2,3; 3,3 e 4,3 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio - H2O2 (0; 25; 50 e 75 µM). A salinidade da água de irrigação acima de 0,3 dS m-1 aumentou o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar, reduziu o conteúdo relativo de água, a síntese de pigmentos fotossintéticos, as trocas gasosas e o crescimento das mudas de goiabeira cv. Paluma, aos 80 dias após a semeadura. A aplicação foliar de peróxido de hidrogênio em concentrações de até 75 µM, reduz o conteúdo relativo de água no limbo foliar de mudas de goiabeira e não ameniza os efeitos do estresse salino em plantas de goiabeira na fase de formação de mudas. brasileiro tornandose tornando se contexto objetivouse objetivou hídricas cv casualizados 4 repetições 03 0 3 (0,3 1,3 13 1 2,3 23 2 33 3, 43 m1 m HO H O H2O (0 25 7 µM. µM . µM) 0, m- 8 semeadura (0, 1, 2, (

ABSTRACT In semi-arid regions, the use of saline water for irrigation has become an increasingly frequent reality due to the qualitative and quantitative scarcity of water sources occurring most of the year. Thus, the use of hydrogen peroxide can be a strategy capable of mitigating the deleterious effects of salt stress on plants and guaranteeing the agricultural production of crops such as soursop. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of hydrogen peroxide on the physiological and growth indices of soursop plants cv. Morada Nova irrigated with waters of different salinity levels. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, with three replicates. Foliar application of hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 12, 18 and 15 µM, respectively, attenuated the effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate and chlorophyll a synthesis of soursop, at 780 days after transplanting. The 30 µM hydrogen peroxide concentration intensified salt stress on gas exchange, variable fluorescence and electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of soursop plants cv. Morada Nova, 780 days after transplanting. semiarid semi arid regions year Thus cv design scheme replicates 12 1 respectively conductance CO 78 transplanting 3 exchange 7

RESUMO Em regiões semiáridas, a utilização de água salina para irrigação, tem se tornado uma realidade cada vez mais frequente em função da escassez qualitativa e quantitativa das fontes hídricas que ocorre na maior parte do ano. Assim, a utilização de peróxido de hidrogênio pode ser uma estratégia capaz de amenizar os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino sobre as plantas e garantir a produção agrícola de culturas, como a gravioleira. Deste modo, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de peróxido de hidrogênio sobre os índices fisiológicos e de crescimento de plantas de graviola cv. Morada Nova irrigadas com águas de diferentes níveis salinos. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em um delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 × 4, correspondendo a quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação e quatro concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio, com três repetições. A aplicação foliar de peróxido de hidrogênio nas concentrações de 12, 18 e 15µM, respectivamente, atenuaram os efeitos do estresse salino sobre a condutância estomática, a taxa de assimilação de CO2 e a síntese de clorofila a de gravioleira, aos 780 dias após o transplantio. A concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio de 30 µM intensificou o estresse salino sobre as trocas gasosas, a fluorescência variável e o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar de plantas de graviola cv. Morada Nova, aos 780 dias após o transplantio. semiáridas ano Assim culturas gravioleira modo objetivouse objetivou cv salinos casualizados repetições 12 1 15µM respectivamente estomática CO 78 transplantio 3 gasosas 7

ABSTRACT In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural production is challenging due to the scarcity of water for irrigation, so brackish water is commonly used. However, the use of these waters negatively affects the growth and development of crops. In this context, it is essential to look for strategies to mitigate the effects of salt stress on plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of H2O2 on gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, photochemical efficiency, and growth of cherry tomato plants in hydroponic cultivation with saline nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in Pombal-PB, using a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic system. Treatments were distributed in a split-plot scheme, in which the levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1, 2.8, 3.5, and 4.2 dS m-1) were considered the plots and the five concentrations of H2O2 (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 μM) were considered the subplots, with six replicates and two plants per plot. ECns from 2.1 dS m-1 reduced gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, and growth of cherry tomato. H2O2 at concentrations of 36 and 48 μM associated with saline nutrient solution of 2.1 dS m-1 stimulated plant height, growth, and chlorophyll b synthesis, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide alone did not affect gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of cherry tomato. semiarid semi regions irrigation used However crops context HO H O H2O exchange pigments efficiency PombalPB, PombalPB Pombal PB, PB Pombal-PB NFT (NFT system splitplot split plot scheme 2.1, 21 2 1 (2.1 28 8 2.8 35 3 5 3.5 42 4 4. m1 m 0, 0 (0 12 24 subplots 2. m- content height synthesis respectively fluorescence (2. 3. ( (2

RESUMO Em regiões áridas e semiáridas, a produção agrícola é desafiadora devido à escassez de água para irrigação, sendo comum o uso de água salobra. No entanto, o uso dessas águas afeta negativamente o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das culturas. Neste contexto, é essencial a busca por estratégias para amenizar os efeitos do estresse salino nas plantas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar efeitos da aplicação foliar de H2O2 nas trocas gasosas, nos pigmentos fotossintéticos, na eficiência fotoquímica e no crescimento de plantas de tomate cereja em cultivo hidropônico com solução nutritiva salina. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação em Pombal-PB, utilizando o sistema hidropônico tipo técnica de fluxo laminar de nutriente. Os tratamentos foram distribuidos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, onde os níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva – CEsn (2, 1; 2,8; 3,5 e 4,2 dS m-1) foram considerados as parcelas e as cinco concentrações de H2O2 (0, 12, 24, 36 e 48 μM) como subparcelas, com seis repetições e duas plantas por parcela. A CEsn a partir de 2,1 dS m-1 reduziu as trocas gasosas, a eficiência fotoquímica, os pigrmentos fotossintéticos, o conteúdo relativo de água e o crescimento do tomate cereja. O H2O2 nas concentrações de 36 e 48 μM associadas à solução nutritiva salina, de 2,1 dS m-1 estimulou o crescimento em altura de plantas e a sintese de clorofila b, respecitvamente. O H2O2 de forma isolada não afetou as trocas gasosas, a florescência da clorofila, os pigmentos fotossintéticos e o crescimento do tomate cereja. semiáridas irrigação salobra entanto culturas contexto HO H H2O gasosas salina PombalPB, PombalPB Pombal PB, PB Pombal-PB nutriente subdivididas 2, 2 (2 1 2,8 28 8 35 3 5 3, 42 4 4, m1 m 0, 0 (0 12 24 subparcelas parcela 21 m- b respecitvamente (

Cancer is a severe disease that causes a significant number of deaths worldwide every year. Treatments have been available, such as cisplatin, to help combat this disease. However, recent studies have shown that the enzyme system glutathione/glutathione S-transferases (GSH/GST) can cause resistance of tumor cells to this type of cancer treatment. Fortunately, there are alternatives, such as using palladium complexes such as [PdCl(C2,N-dmba)(tu)], which have demonstrated effectiveness against cancer cells. However, even these metallopharmaceuticals can be inhibited by GSH/GST system, which can modify the chemical structure of the complex and prevent it from working as an anticancer agent. That's why it's crucial to study the reaction between the complex [PdCl(C2,N-dmba)(tu)] and L-cysteine using techniques such as NMR, mass spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and stopped-flow. The study of this type of reaction will help researchers understand how these organometallics work in biological systems and how we can improve them to treat cancer more effectively. year available cisplatin However glutathioneglutathione glutathione Stransferases S transferases GSHGST GSH GST (GSH/GST treatment Fortunately alternatives PdClC2,Ndmbatu, PdClC2Ndmbatu PdClCNdmbatu PdCl C2,N dmba tu , C2 N C agent Thats That s its PdClC2,Ndmbatu [PdCl(C2,N-dmba)(tu) Lcysteine L cysteine NMR spectroscopy UVVis UV Vis stoppedflow. stoppedflow stopped flow. flow stopped-flow effectively PdClC2 Ndmbatu PdClC C2N CN [PdCl(C2,N-dmba)(tu

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid on the physiological indices and growth of Japanese cucumber cv. Hiroshi grown under saline nutrient solutions in a hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Center of Science and Agri-Food Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, PB, Brazil, using the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic cultivation system. A completely randomized design was used in a split-plot scheme, with plots consisting of four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1, 3.6, 5.1, and 6.6 dS m-1) and subplots consisting of concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0, 1.8, 3.6, and 5.4 mM), with four replicates and two plants per plot. ECns of 4.8 dS m-1 associated with foliar application of 3.6 mM of SA resulted in higher relative water content. Growth, photosynthetic pigment synthesis, and biomass accumulation in Japanese cucumber plants are inhibited by nutrient solution from 2.1 dS m-1. Salicylic acid at concentration of 2.0 mM promoted a higher relative growth rate of leaf area for plants under nutrient solution of 2.1 dS m-1. SA concentration of 5.4 mM associated with saline nutrient solution of 6.6 dS m-1 resulted in a higher root/shoot ratio, but intensified the deleterious effects of salt stress on the biomass accumulation of cucumber plants. cv system AgriFood Agri Food Grande Pombal PB Brazil NFT (NFT splitplot split plot scheme 2.1, 21 2 1 (2.1 36 3 6 51 5 5.1 66 6. m1 m 0, 0 (0 18 8 1.8 54 4 5. mM, , mM) 48 4. m- 3. content Growth synthesis 2. m1. 1. 20 rootshoot root shoot ratio (2. ( (2

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico nos índices fisiológicos e crescimento de pepino japonês cv. Hiroshi cultivado sob soluções nutritivas salinas em sistema hidropônico. A pesquisa foi conduzida em casa de vegetação no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal - PB, utilizando-se o sistema de cultivo hidropônico tipo Técnica de Fluxo Laminar de Nutriente - NFT. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas de quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva - CEsn (2,1; 3,6; 5,1 e 6,6 dS m-1) e as subparcelas de concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0, 1,8, 3,6 e 5,4 mM) com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcelas. A CEsn de 4,8 dS m-1 associada a aplicação foliar de 3,6 mM de AS resultou em maior conteúdo relativo de água. O crescimento, a síntese de pigmentos fotossintéticos e o acúmulo de biomassa nas plantas de pepino japonês são inibidos pela solução nutritiva a partir de 2,1 dS m-1. Ácido salicílico na concentração de 2,0 mM promoveu maior taxa de crescimento relativo em área foliar das plantas sob solução nutritiva de 2,1 dS m-1. A concentração de 5,4 mM de AS associadas à solução nutritiva salina de 6,6 dS m-1 resultou em maior razão de raiz/parte aérea, entretanto, intensifica os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino no acúmulo de biomassas das plantas de pepino. Objetivouse Objetivou se cv Grande PB utilizandose utilizando NFT subdivididas 21 2 1 (2,1 36 3 6 51 5 5, 66 6, m1 m 0, 0 (0 18 8 1,8 3, 54 4 48 4, m- água 2, m1. 1. 20 raizparte raiz parte aérea entretanto (2, ( 1, (2

Abstract Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by right ventricular failure and diminished cardiac output, potentially leading to renal and bone impairments. In contrast, resistance exercise training (RT) offers cardiovascular and bone health benefits. This study aimed to assess the impacts of stable PAH induced by monocrotaline (MCT) and RT on renal morphometry, as well as bone morphometry and biomechanical properties in male Wistar rats. Four experimental groups, untrained control (UC, n=7), trained control (TC, n=7), untrained hypertensive (UH, n=7), trained hypertensive (TH, n=7), were defined. After the first MCT or saline injection (20 mg/kg), trained rats were submitted to a RT program (i.e., Ladder climbing), 5 times/week. Seven days later the rats received the second MCT or saline dose. After euthanasia, renal and femoral histomorphometry and femoral biomechanical properties were assessed. PAH reduced renal glomerular area and volume, which was prevented by the RT. While PAH did not harm the femoral morphometry, structural and mechanical properties, RT improved the femoral parameters (e.g., length, percentage of trabeculae and bone marrow, ultimte and yield loads). Experimental stable PAH promotes renal but not bone damages, whereas RT prevents renal deteriorations and improves the femoral morphological and biomechanical properties. (PAH output impairments contrast (RT benefits (MCT groups UC, UC (UC n=7, n7 n n=7 , 7 n=7) TC, TC (TC UH, UH (UH TH, TH (TH defined 20 (2 mg/kg, mgkg mg/kg mg kg mg/kg) i.e., ie i e (i.e. climbing, climbing climbing) timesweek times week times/week dose euthanasia assessed volume e.g., eg g (e.g. length marrow loads. loads . loads) damages n= 2 ( i.e. (i.e e.g. (e.g i.e e.g

The increase in anthropogenic activity over time has led to an exponential increase in greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2. Proftable technologies for CO2 capture and separation are conspicuous, and porous biochars derived from biomass waste can be a useful solution. Herein, we produced activated nitrogen-doped biochars for CO2 capture from corn husk waste, urea and K2CO3, named N-Bio-X (X = 600, 700, and 800 °C). N-Bio-X exhibited microporosity and different nitrogen contents and thus played an important role in the adsorption of CO2. N-Bio-700 exhibited the highest CO2 adsorption capacity, fastest adsorption kinetics and excellent stability after multiple adsorption-desorption cycles. N-Bio-600 showed excellent CO2/N2 selectivity, induced by nitrogen sites, particularly pyridinic and graphitic nitrogen. The cost-effectiveness of the raw material, coupled with its high adsorption capacity, rapid kinetics, and stable properties, provided highly promising N-doped biochars for practical implementation in CO2 capture and separations in postcombustion processes. emissions CO conspicuous solution Herein nitrogendoped doped K2CO3 KCO K NBioX N Bio X 600 700 80 °C. C °C . °C) NBio700 NBio N-Bio-70 capacity adsorptiondesorption desorption cycles NBio600 N-Bio-60 CO2N2 CON N2 CO2/N selectivity sites costeffectiveness cost effectiveness material properties Ndoped processes K2CO 60 70 8 NBio70 N-Bio-7 NBio60 N-Bio-6 CO2N 6 7 NBio7 N-Bio- NBio6 N-Bio

Abstract The betta (Betta splendens) is a carnivorous ornamental species that requires live food. In this study, we evaluated the growth and survival of Betta splendens fingerlings fed ex-situ biofloc (BFT). A total of 375 fingerlings (8.3 ± 4.1 mg and 0.8 ± 0.14 cm) were distributed into 15-L plastic tanks (n=25), with five replicates for each of the following treatments: (i) exclusive live food (LF100), (ii) exclusive biofloc (BFT100), (iii) live food supplemented with biofloc (LF100-BFT100), and a reduction of 15% (iv) and 30% (v) in live food with biofloc supplementation (LF85-BFT100 and LF70-BFT100, respectively). The fish were fed newly hatched brine shrimp (Artemia spp. nauplii) and/or fresh biofloc, twice daily, over a 16-day experimental period. Dietary supplementation of Beta splendens with ex-situ BFT (LF100-BFT100, LF85-BFT100, and LF70-BFT100) resulted in a similar final weight (P>0.05) compared to exclusive brine shrimp (LF100). Regarding total length, the fish in the LF100-BFT100 group were superior to those in the LF100 group (P<0.05). The LF100 and LF100-BFT100 groups showed survival rates of 100% and 98.4%, respectively, which were not statistically different (P>0.05). For all analyzed variables, fish exclusively fed biofloc (BFT100) exhibited unfavorable performance. These results indicate that dietary ex-situ biofloc supplementation, without reducing the supply of live food, can be an interesting alternative in the rearing of Betta splendens since biofloc improves growth performance and maintains a good survival rate. study exsitu ex situ BFT. . (BFT) 37 8.3 83 8 3 (8. 41 4 1 4. 08 0 0. 014 14 0.1 cm 15L L 15 n=25, n25 n n=25 , 25 (n=25) treatments i (i LF100, LF (LF100) ii (ii BFT100, BFT100 iii (iii LF100BFT100, LF100BFT100 LFBFT (LF100-BFT100) iv (iv 30 v (v LF85BFT100 LF85 (LF85-BFT10 LF70BFT100, LF70BFT100 LF70 LF70-BFT100 respectively. respectively respectively) Artemia spp nauplii andor or daily 16day day 16 period (LF100-BFT100 LF85BFT100, LF85-BFT100 P>0.05 P005 P 05 (P>0.05 LF100. length LF100-BFT10 LF10 P<0.05. P<0.05 (P<0.05) 100 984 98 98.4% P>0.05. variables (BFT100 rate (BFT 8. (8 01 n2 n=2 2 (n=25 (LF100 BFT10 LF100BFT10 LF85BFT10 LF8 (LF85-BFT1 LF70BFT10 LF7 LF70-BFT10 (LF100-BFT10 LF85-BFT10 P>0.0 P00 (P>0.0 LF100-BFT1 LF1 P<0.0 (P<0.05 10 9 98.4 (BFT10 ( n= (n=2 (LF10 BFT1 LF100BFT1 LF85BFT1 (LF85-BFT LF70BFT1 LF70-BFT1 (LF100-BFT1 LF85-BFT1 P>0. P0 (P>0. LF100-BFT P<0. (P<0.0 98. (BFT1 (n= (LF1 LF100BFT LF85BFT LF70BFT LF70-BFT (LF100-BFT LF85-BFT P>0 (P>0 P<0 (P<0. (n (LF P> (P> P< (P<0 (P (P<

Resumo O beta (Betta splendens) é uma espécie ornamental carnívora que necessita de alimentos vivos. Neste estudo, avaliamos o crescimento e a sobrevivência de alevinos de beta alimentados com bioflocos produzidos ex-situ (BFT). Um total de 375 alevinos (8,3 ± 4,1 mg e 0,8 ± 0,14 cm) foi distribuído em tanques plásticos de 15 L (n=25), com cinco repetições para cada um dos seguintes tratamentos: (i) alimentação viva exclusiva (LF100), (ii) biofloco exclusivo (BFT100), (iii) alimentação viva suplementada com biofloco (LF100-BFT100), e uma redução de 15% (iv) e 30% (v) na alimentação viva com suplementação de biofloco (LF85-BFT100 e LF70-BFT100, respectivamente). Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes por dia com artemia recém-eclodida (Artemia spp. nauplii) e/ou bioflocos frescos durante um período experimental de 16 dias. A suplementação de BFT (LF100-BFT100, LF85-BFT100 e LF70-BFT100) na dieta de Beta splendens resultou em peso final semelhante à dieta contendo exclusivamente artemia (LF100). Em relação ao comprimento total, os peixes do grupo LF100-BFT100 foram superiores aos do grupo LF100 (P<0,05). Os grupos LF100 e LF100-BFT100 apresentaram taxas de sobrevivência de 100% e 98,4%, respectivamente, as quais não diferiram estatisticamente entre si (P>0,05). Para todas as variáveis analisadas, os peixes alimentados exclusivamente com bioflocos (BFT100) apresentaram desempenho desfavorável. Esses resultados indicam que a suplementação dietética com bioflocos ex-situ, sem redução na oferta de alimento vivo, pode ser uma alternativa interessante no cultivo de Betta splendens, uma vez que o bioflocos melhora o desempenho em crescimento e mantém boa taxa de sobrevivência. vivos estudo exsitu ex situ BFT. . (BFT) 37 8,3 83 8 3 (8, 41 4 1 4, 08 0 0, 014 14 0,1 cm n=25, n25 n n=25 , 25 (n=25) tratamentos i (i LF100, LF (LF100) ii (ii BFT100, BFT100 iii (iii LF100BFT100, LF100BFT100 LFBFT (LF100-BFT100) iv (iv 30 v (v LF85BFT100 LF85 (LF85-BFT10 LF70BFT100, LF70BFT100 LF70 LF70-BFT100 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) recémeclodida recém eclodida Artemia spp nauplii eou ou dias (LF100-BFT100 LF85-BFT10 LF100. LF100-BFT10 LF10 P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 05 (P<0,05) 100 984 98 98,4% P>0,05. P>0,05 (P>0,05) analisadas (BFT100 desfavorável exsitu, situ, vivo (BFT 8, (8 01 n2 n=2 2 (n=25 (LF100 BFT10 LF100BFT10 LF85BFT10 LF8 (LF85-BFT1 LF70BFT10 LF7 LF70-BFT10 (LF100-BFT10 LF85-BFT1 LF100-BFT1 LF1 P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 10 9 98,4 P>0,0 (P>0,05 (BFT10 ( n= (n=2 (LF10 BFT1 LF100BFT1 LF85BFT1 (LF85-BFT LF70BFT1 LF70-BFT1 (LF100-BFT1 LF85-BFT LF100-BFT P0 P<0, (P<0,0 98, P>0, (P>0,0 (BFT1 (n= (LF1 LF100BFT LF85BFT LF70BFT LF70-BFT (LF100-BFT P<0 (P<0, P>0 (P>0, (n (LF P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P