Abstract Background Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are one of the most prevalent malformations, and the screening tests to identify critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is the pulse oximetry test, with subsequent investigation and treatment. Objective To quantify positive pulse oximetry tests and verify the prevalence of CCHD detected by it in asymptomatic newborns, ≥35 gestational weeks, in a Brazilian maternity hospital. Methodology This is an observational, retrospective, quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study, conducted from October 2020 to May 2022, in a maternity hospital in southern Brazil, through the collection of records of positive oximetry pulse tests, following the norms of screening CCHD test of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), after they were evaluated with echocardiography for confirmation or exclusion of CHD. Results A total of 5,667 newborns were evaluated in this study, according to the inclusion criteria; 0.17% (n = 10) had a positive pulse oximetry test. Regarding the results of the echocardiography of the neonates with a positive test, two were normal, seven were cases of patent foramen ovale (PFO), and one was a case (0,017%) with interatrial communication (IAC) diagnosis. In the same period, five neonates with CCHD were born, symptomatic, diagnosed by physical examination, and referred to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) before taking the neonatal cardiac screening (< 24 hours of life). Conclusion The prevalence of positive pulse oximetry tests was 0.17% and none CCHD was detected. Five cases of CCHD were born in this period, but they were diagnosed before the recommend time to perform the screening test. CHD (CHD malformations (CCHD treatment 35 ≥3 weeks observational retrospective quantitative crosssectional cross sectional study 202 2022 Brazil SBP, SBP , (SBP) 5667 5 667 5,66 criteria 017 0 17 0.17 n 10 normal PFO, PFO (PFO) 0,017% 0017 (0,017% IAC (IAC diagnosis period symptomatic examination NICU (NICU < ( 2 life. life . life) 3 ≥ 20 (SBP 566 66 5,6 01 1 0.1 (PFO 0,017 001 (0,017 56 6 5, 0. 0,01 00 (0,01 0,0 (0,0 0, (0, (0

BACKGROUND Distinct N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) slow acetylators genotypes have been associated with a higher risk to develop anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH). However, studies have not pointed the relevance of different acetylation phenotypes presented by homozygotes and compound heterozygotes slow acetylators on a clinical basis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between NAT2 genotypes and the risk of developing DIH in Brazilian patients undergoing tuberculosis treatment, focusing on the discrimination of homozygotes and compound heterozygotes slow acetylators. METHODS/FINDINGS The frequency of NAT2 genotypes was analysed by DNA sequencing in 162 patients undergoing tuberculosis therapy. The mutation analyses revealed 15 variants, plus two new NAT2 mutations, that computational simulations predicted to cause structural perturbations in the protein. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that carriers of NAT2*5/*5 slow acetylator genotype presented a higher risk of developing anti-tuberculosis DIH, on a clinical basis, when compared to the compound heterozygotes presenting NAT2*5 and any other slow acetylator haplotype [aOR 4.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-16.82, p = 0.01]. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that patients with TB diagnosis who present the NAT2*5B/*5B genotype should be properly identified and more carefully monitored until treatment outcome in order to prevent the occurrence of anti-tuberculosis DIH.

Introdução: Carcinoma anal é uma rara variante de tumores epiteliais do canal anal. Quando associado a fístulas anais crônicas e ativas, geralmente é um câncer agressivo que possui difícil diagnóstico e mau prognóstico. Fístulas anais são uma manifestação comum da doença de Crohn (DC). Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de adenocarcinoma mucinoso originado de fístula perianal recidivante em paciente com DC. Relato de caso: Homem de 43 anos, com melanoderma e queixas de tumorações na região perianal, dor anal e secreção mucopurulenta, sendo diagnosticada fístula. A colonoscopia evidenciou processo inflamatório crônico associado à lesão polipóide vilosa em mucosa colônica e retal. Em um novo episódio, constatou-se colite crônica em reto e sigmóide, sendo prescrito sulfassalazina com melhora. Houve recidiva do quadro e o paciente foi submetido a repetidas fistulectomias. Após investigação, diagnosticou-se DC. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) de abdome e pelve demonstrou múltiplas coleções perineais e glúteas, tendo sido realizada ressecção abdominoperineal do reto. O exame anátomo-patológico evidenciou adenocarcinoma mucinoso invasivo. Nova TC demonstrou crescimento da lesão residual. No serviço de referência oncológica, foram planejadas quimioterapia e radioterapia. O paciente evoluiu desfavoravelmente e veio a óbito após dois meses do tratamento.

Introduction: Anal carcinoma is a rare variant of epithelial tumors of the anal canal. When associated with chronic and active anal fistulas, usually this is an aggressive cancer that has difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis. Anal fistulas are a common manifestation of Crohn's disease (CD). This study aims to report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma originating from recurrent perianal fistula in patients with CD. Case report: A man of 43 years, with melanoderma, complaining of perianal tumors, anal pain and mucopurulent secretion, the patient was diagnosed with fistulae. Colonoscopy revealed a chronic inflammatory process associated with villous polypoid lesion in the colonic and rectal mucosa. In a new episode, where it was diagnosed, chronic colitis of rectum and sigmoid was being prescribed sulfasalazine with improvement. There were relapses and the patient underwent repeated fistulectomias. After investigation, CD was diagnosed. Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen and pelvis showed multiple perineal and gluteal collections, and the patient underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. Anatomopathological exam showed invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. A new CT showed residual growth of the lesion. The patient was referred to the oncology referral service, where chemotherapy and radiotherapy were planned. The patient developed unfavorably, and his death occurred two months after treatment.

Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir as externalidades negativas associadas ao uso intensivo de agrotóxicos nos municípios do cerrado brasileiro, área em franca expansão da atividade agrícola. Tais externalidades estão relacionadas principalmente aos danos ambientais e à saúde humana (de trabalhadores, famílias rurais e consumidores,) cujos custos acabam sendo socializados. O presente estudo analisa como externalidade a contaminação do solo e da água por esses produtos a partir de dados obtidos por meio da Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais (IBGE), que em 2003 aplicou um questionário suplementar com questões ambientais. Mapas foram construídos procurando associar áreas contaminadas e o grau de atividade agrícola dos municípios, captado na Pesquisa Agrícola Municipal (IBGE, 2003). Por meio de uma regressão logística, foi possível encontrar fatores de risco da contaminação no solo e na água por agrotóxicos e fertilizantes, tais como área de lavoura temporária, poluição no ar por queimadas e proliferação de pragas. Conclui-se que o artigo pode contribuir para a formulação de políticas no sentido de auxiliar o desenho dos instrumentos de regulação e o diagnóstico das áreas prioritárias em que essas ações preventivas deveriam ser implementadas.

This paper discusses the negative externalities associated with the intensive use of pesticides in the Brazilian savannah. These externalities are mainly related to impacts on the environment and on human health (rural workers and families, consumers), the costs of which end up being socialized. The externality considered in the present paper is of soil and water contamination by pesticides. The data source is the questionnaire of the Basic Municipal Information Research applied in 2003. Maps are used in order to associate contaminated areas with agricultural activity. Some risk factors associated with soil and water contamination by pesticides such as seasonal crop area, air pollution by burning and weed proliferation, were obtained through a logistic regression. The study concludes that the results can be helpful to formulate policies and aid in the design of regulating instruments and the definition of priority areas where preventive actions should be implemented.

Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir as externalidades negativas associadas ao uso intensivo de agrotóxicos nos municípios do cerrado brasileiro, área em franca expansão da atividade agrícola. Tais externalidades estão relacionadas principalmente aos danos ambientais e à saúde humana (de trabalhadores, famílias rurais e consumidores,) cujos custos acabam sendo socializados. O presente estudo analisa como externalidade a contaminação do solo e da água por esses produtos a partir de dados obtidos por meio da Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais (IBGE), que em 2003 aplicou um questionário suplementar com questões ambientais. Mapas foram construídos procurando associar áreas contaminadas e o grau de atividade agrícola dos municípios, captado na Pesquisa Agrícola Municipal (IBGE, 2003). Por meio de uma regressão logística, foi possível encontrar fatores de risco da contaminação no solo e na água por agrotóxicos e fertilizantes, tais como área de lavoura temporária, poluição no ar por queimadas e proliferação de pragas. Conclui-se que o artigo pode contribuir para a formulação de políticas no sentido de auxiliar o desenho dos instrumentos de regulação e o diagnóstico das áreas prioritárias em que essas ações preventivas deveriam ser implementadas.

This paper discusses the negative externalities associated with the intensive use of pesticides in the Brazilian savannah. These externalities are mainly related to impacts on the environment and on human health (rural workers and families, consumers), the costs of which end up being socialized. The externality considered in the present paper is of soil and water contamination by pesticides. The data source is the questionnaire of the Basic Municipal Information Research applied in 2003. Maps are used in order to associate contaminated areas with agricultural activity. Some risk factors associated with soil and water contamination by pesticides such as seasonal crop area, air pollution by burning and weed proliferation, were obtained through a logistic regression. The study concludes that the results can be helpful to formulate policies and aid in the design of regulating instruments and the definition of priority areas where preventive actions should be implemented.