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Resistance of forage grasses to Blissus pulchellus Montandon (Hemiptera: Blissidae) Hemiptera (Hemiptera Blissidae
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Simon, Jaime E.

; Medeiros, Roberto D. de

; Lima, Antonio C. S.

; Silva, Edgley S. da

; Dionisio, Luiz F. S.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Ago 2024, Volume 28 Nº 8 elocation e280700

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Chinch bugs [Blissus pulchellus Montandon (Hemiptera: Blissidae)] suck the phloem from susceptible forage grasses, injecting toxins that destroy plant vessels and compromise the flow of water and nutrients, leading to plant death. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess eight forage grasses for antixenosis resistance to B. pulchellus and compare the anatomical characteristics of leaf sheath tissue from resistant and susceptible species/cultivars. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory and greenhouse, using choice and no-choice tests with the following forage grasses: Urochloa ruziziensis, U. humidicola, U. brizantha ‘Piatã’, U. brizantha ‘Paiaguás’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, Panicum maximum ‘Mombaça’, P. maximum ‘Zuri’, and Andropogon gayanus. The oviposition results demonstrated that in the choice test there was a change in the stink bug’s behavior in relation to grasses four hours after infestation, with U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ and ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’ and A. gayanus, proving to be less attractive to insects. It is concluded that U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ and ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, and A. gayanus are less attractive to B. pulchellus. A. gayanus and P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ and ‘Zuri’ showed non-preference resistance (antixenosis) to oviposition by B. pulchellus. The resistance of U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Zuri’, and A. gayanus to B. pulchellus may be associated with greater compaction and lignification of the parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells of leaf sheaths. Blissus Hemiptera (Hemiptera Blissidae Blissidae) nutrients death Thus B speciescultivars species cultivars species/cultivars greenhouse nochoice no ruziziensis U humidicola ‘Piatã, Piatã ‘Piatã , ‘Piatã’ ‘Paiaguás, Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás’ ‘Marandu, Marandu ‘Marandu ‘Mombaça, Mombaça ‘Mombaça P ‘Zuri, Zuri ‘Zuri bug s infestation A insects nonpreference non preference (antixenosis sheaths

RESUMO Os percevejos-das-gramíneas [Blissus pulchellus Montandon (Hemiptera: Blissidae)] sugam a seiva de espécies forrageiras suscetíveis e injetam toxinas que destroem os vasos condutores e dificultam o transporte de água e nutrientes, levando as plantas a morte. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência por antixenose e tolerância em oito poáceas forrageiras à B. pulchellus e comparar as características anatômicas dos tecidos das bainhas foliares de espécies/cultivares resistentes e suscetíveis. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em laboratório e casa de vegetação, em testes com e sem chance de escolha, utilizando-se as forrageiras: Urochloa ruziziensis, U. humidicola, U. brizantha ‘Piatã’, U. brizantha ‘Paiaguás’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, Panicum maximum ‘Mombaça’, P. maximum ‘Zuri’, e Andropogon gayanus. Os resultados de oviposição demonstraram que no teste de escolha houve uma mudança no comportamento do percevejo em relação às gramíneas quatro horas após infestação, sendo U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ e ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’ e A. gayanus menos atrativos para os insetos. Conclui-se que U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ e ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, e A. gayanus são menos atrativas a B. pulchellus. A. gayanus, e P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ e ‘Zuri’ apresentam resistência do tipo não-preferência para oviposição a B. pulchellus. A resistência de U. humidicola, P. maximum Zuri, e A. gayanus a B. pulchellus pode estar associada a maior compactação e lignificação das células dos tecidos parenquimático e esclerenquimático das bainhas foliares. percevejosdasgramíneas percevejos Blissus Hemiptera (Hemiptera Blissidae Blissidae) nutrientes morte Assim B espéciescultivares cultivares vegetação utilizandose utilizando se ruziziensis U humidicola ‘Piatã, Piatã ‘Piatã , ‘Piatã’ ‘Paiaguás, Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás’ ‘Marandu, Marandu ‘Marandu ‘Mombaça, Mombaça ‘Mombaça P ‘Zuri, Zuri ‘Zuri infestação insetos Concluise Conclui nãopreferência não preferência

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n8e280700

Response to 'Response to Doctors for Life on Assisted Suicide'
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van Eeden, Albu

; Nemutandani, Simon

; Meiring, Michelle

; Mabuza, Langalibalele Honey

; Steinberg, Hannes (WJ)

; Hardcastle, Timothy

; Bac, Martin

; Larsen, Jonathan V

; Michael, Keith

; Louw, Murray

; Sieling, Willi

SAMJ: South African Medical Journal

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Ago 2024, Volume 114 Nº 8 Páginas 10 - 11

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2024.v114i8.2388

Application rate and nozzles associated with droplet electrification affect the spraying quality in common bean
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Mello, Carlos E. L.

; Carmo, Eduardo L. do

; Braz, Guilherme B. P.

; Procópio, Sérgio de O.

; Simon, Gustavo A.

; Souza, Matheus de F.

; Araújo, Gabriel E. S. de

; Lins, Hamurábi A.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Fev 2024, Volume 28 Nº 2 elocation e273814

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the application efficiency of different nozzle tips associated with increasing application rates. A field experiment was conducted in a factorial 3 × 4 randomized block design with four replicates. The first factor consisted of three types of nozzle tips (simple flat fan, hollow cone, and hollow cone with the electrification of the drops), and the second factor constituted the four application rates (50, 100, 200, and 250 L ha-1). Electrostatic technology and a hollow cone tip increased the deposited volume on leaves on the upper and medium strata of the common bean plant, regardless of the application rate used. The increase in the application rate increased the volume of spray solution captured in the upper, medium, and lower strata, the drop density, the volumetric median diameter (VMD), and the percentage of foliar coverage, regardless of the spray tip evaluated. The percentage of leaf coverage on the adaxial and abaxial leaf was not influenced by the simple fan or hollow cone spray tips, with or without the association of electrostatic technology. replicates drops, drops , drops) 50, 50 (50 100 200 25 ha1. ha1 ha 1 . ha-1) plant used density VMD, VMD (VMD) evaluated 5 (5 10 20 2 ha-1 (VMD ( ha-

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de aplicação de diferentes pontas de bicos associada a taxas crescentes de aplicação. Foi conduzido um experimento de campo no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator consistiu em três tipos de bicos: leque plano simples, cone oco e cone oco com eletrificação das gotas; e o segundo fator por quatro taxas de aplicação (50, 100, 200 e 250 L ha-1). A tecnologia eletrostática e o cone oco aumentaram o volume depositado nas folhas dos estratos superior e médio do feijoeiro, independentemente da dose de aplicação utilizada. O aumento da taxa de aplicação aumentou o volume de calda captado nos estratos superior, médio e inferior do feijoeiro, a densidade de gotas, o diâmetro médio volumétrico (DMV) e a porcentagem de cobertura foliar, independente da ponta de pulverização avaliada. A porcentagem de cobertura foliar na face adaxial e abaxial não foi influenciada pelas pontas de pulverização em leque simples e cone oco com ou sem a associação da tecnologia eletrostática. acaso 4 repetições gotas 50, 50 (50 100 20 25 ha1. ha1 ha 1 . ha-1) feijoeiro utilizada DMV (DMV avaliada 5 (5 10 2 ha-1 ( ha-

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n2e273814

Demographic and mental health profile of youth in a gender service: An African case series
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Pickstone-Taylor, Simon D.

; Davids, Eugene L.

; de Bever, Graham N.

; de Vries, Petrus J.

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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2024, Volume 30 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 7

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Despite a massive global increase in research on gender-diverse youth, there have been no studies in Africa on gender-diverse children and adolescents presenting to health services AIM: This study aimed to present the first African findings of the demographic and mental health profile of youth who have presented at a gender service in South Africa SETTING: A specialist mental health outpatient service, consisting of psychiatry, psychology and nursing input, for gender-diverse child and adolescent patients in the Western Cape METHODS: All consenting youth seen at a gender service, consisting of psychiatry, psychology and nursing input, in state and by the same clinician in private practice between January 2012 and May 2019 were participants of a retrospective, sequential case series study. Data of interest, including gender identity and sexuality, mental health history and social information, were extracted from the psychiatry files of participants RESULTS: Thirty-nine participants were part of the registry and qualified for the study: 72% self-identified as white, 15% as coloured and 13% as black African. The rate of co-occurring psychopathology was high (64%) and included high rates of autism, particularly in trans males (26%), suicidal ideation in 31% and a history of suicide attempt(s) in 10% CONCLUSIONS: This first study describing gender-diverse youth seeking support relating to their gender identity in Africa showed they had remarkable similarities to those studied internationally CONTRIBUTION: Establishing that transgender youth of all major racial groups in the province with similar demographic profiles to other parts of the world are presenting to services in South Africa and in need of mental health support and interventions

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2160

Primer reporte nutricional de una especie arbórea (Sacoglottis holdridgei Cuatrec. Humiriaceae) en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
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Esquivel-Segura, Edwin Antonio

; Acosta-Vargas, Luis Guillermo

; Sandoval-Rocha, Simon

Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú

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Jun 2023, Volume 20 Nº 46 Páginas 36 - 43

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Isla del Coco is 500 km from Costa Rica's continental territory in the Western Pacific. As a National Park in absolute conservation, it has unique conditions for studying vegetation, ecosystem restoration, and the effects of climate change. Sacoglottis holdridgei Cuatrec. (Palo de Hierro) is an endemic tree that has shown a mortality pattern related to pathogens on the Island based on previous phytosanitary research. We performed a foliar nutritional analysis to evaluate the relationship between tree nutrition and observed mortality in the field. We collected leaf samples from the middle crown of the tree of two populations of ten individuals, each of healthy and diseased trees. The leaves were dried and stored before being analyzed in the laboratory. The results did not show differences in nutritional contents between healthy and diseased trees. These similarities in nutritional contents between the two populations studied allow us to hypothesize about the adaptation mechanisms of S. holdridgei to grow in acidic and poor soils of the Island. These adaptations on nutrients use have been observed in other species that live on the mainland.

Resumen La Isla del Coco se ubica en el Océano Pacífico de Costa Rica a 500 km del territorio continental, y al ser un Parque Nacional en conservación absoluta presenta condiciones muy exclusivas para el estudio de la vegetación, la restauración y los efectos del cambio climático. Sacoglottis holdridgei (Palo de Hierro), es una especie arbórea endémica que ha presentado un patrón de mortalidad sin que en un primer análisis fitosanitario se pudieran identificar agentes patógenos responsables de los decesos. Con el objetivo de evaluar la relación de la nutrición de los árboles con la mortalidad observada se realizó un análisis nutricional foliar de 10 individuos en apariencia sanos y 10 individuos enfermos, para lo cual, se tomaron muestras de las hojas de la copa media del árbol; las muestras foliares fueron secada en el sitio y enviadas al laboratorio en el menor tiempo posible. Los resultados de los contenidos nutricionales no evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los árboles sanos y enfermos; sin embargo, los resultados permiten hipotetizar sobre los mecanismos de adaptación que tiene esta especie para crecer en los suelos ácidos y pobres de la Isla, procesos similares a los que se dan en el continente con otras especies principalmente en el uso de nutrimentos.

https://doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v20i46.6602

Nicotinamide and Azospirillum brasilense improves the quality of Coffea arabica seedlings
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Lima, Sebastião F.

; Pinto, Pedro H. G.

; Soares, Manoel P. L.

; Andrade, Maria G. de O.

; Simon, Cátia A.

; Vendruscolo, Eduardo P.

; Contardi, Lucymara M.

; Cordeiro, Meire A. S.

; Abreu, Mariele S.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Abr 2023, Volume 27 Nº 4 Páginas 264 - 271

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O uso de bioestimulantes em mudas de café pode promover ganhos em seu crescimento e na sua qualidade. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as características de crescimento e qualidade de mudas de café arábica sob o efeito da aplicação dos bioestimulantes nicotinamida e Azospirillum brasilense. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos resultaram da utilização de cinco doses de nicotinamida (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 mg L-1 de água) combinadas com a ausência e presença de Azospirillum brasilense aplicadas em mudas de Coffea arabica da cultivar Catuaí Vermelho 144. Foram avaliadas a altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz, razão entre altura e diâmetro do caule, razão entre massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz, razão entre altura e massa seca da parte aérea e índice de qualidade Dickson. A utilização conjunta ou isolado do A. brasilense e da nicotinamida, até a dose de 33.5 mg L-1, aumentou características biométricas e acúmulo de massa seca. No entanto, a utilização de doses de nicotinamida entre 30 e 61,8 mg L-1 aumentou da qualidade de mudas de Coffea arabica. Foi verificado efeito sinérgico do uso de A. brasilense e nicotinamida para crescimento e qualidade de mudas.

ABSTRACT The use of biostimulants in coffee seedlings can promote gains in their growth and quality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the growth and quality characteristics of Coffea arabica seedlings under the effect of the nicotinamide and Azospirillum brasilense application. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments resulted from the use of five doses of nicotinamide (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg L-1 of water) combined with the absence and presence of Azospirillum brasilense applied to Coffea arabica seedlings from Catuaí Vermelho 144 cultivar. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, plant height:stem diameter ratio, shoot:root dry mass ratio, plant height:shoot dry mass ratio, and Dickson quality index were evaluated. The combined or isolated use of A. brasilense and nicotinamide, up to a dose of 33.5 mg L-1, increased the biometric characteristics and dry mass accumulation. However, using nicotinamide doses between 30 and 61.8 g L-1 increased the quality of Coffea arabica seedlings. The synergistic effect of the use of A. brasilense and nicotinamide was verified for the growth and quality of Coffea arabica seedlings.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n4p264-271

Disentangling the causes of high polymorphism sharing in sympatric Petunia species from subtropical highland grasslands: insights from nuclear diversity grasslands
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Simon, Luize

; Soares, Luana S.

; Freitas, Loreta B.

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2023, Volume 46 Nº 3 elocation e20230159

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Genetic polymorphism sharing between closely related and sympatric plant species could result from common ancestry, ancient or recent hybridization. Here we analyzed four Petunia species from the subtropical highland grasslands in southern South America based on nuclear diversity to disentangle the causes of high polymorphism sharing between them. We genotyped microsatellite loci, employed population genetic methods to estimate variability, species limits, and ancient and recent gene flow, and assigned individuals to genetic and taxonomic groups. Finally, we modeled evolutionary processes to determine the impact of Quaternary climate changes on species phylogenetic relationships. Our results indicated that genetic diversity was strongly influenced by expansion and habitat fragmentation during the Quaternary cycles. The extensive polymorphism sharing is mainly due to species’ common ancestry, and we did not discard ancient hybridization. Nowadays, niche differentiation is the primary driver for maintaining genetic and morphological limits between the four analysed Petunia species and there is no recent gene flow between them. ancestry hybridization them loci variability groups Finally relationships cycles Nowadays

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0159

Adaptive capacity in the implementation of disaster response village programme in Indonesia: Literature review
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Hutagalung, Simon S.

Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies

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2023, Volume 15 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 7

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The disaster-resilient village programme, which aims to develop settlements with the autonomy to adapt and deal with disasters aims to promote disaster awareness. Several questions arise regarding the contribution of the programme to the development of the adaptive capacity of village communities, including: what types of adaptive capacity emerge as a result of the programme's implementation, and what factors promote and inhibit the development of adaptive capacity? This study employs a comprehensive literature review. The initial step is to do a keyword search using Publish or Perish 8.2.3944.8118. This study includes a range of search phrases, including the phrase 'disaster-resilience' and keywords: community resiliency, disaster preparedness and disaster policy. The type of adaptive capacity that emerges from the implementation of the disaster response village programme incorporates the topic of flexibility predominantly, showing that this programme raises a diversity of adaption practices and possibilities in the community. This approach is influenced by the disaster-prone geographical characteristics of Indonesia. Practical gaps exist in the form of evaluating values in the development of similar disaster programmes, while theoretical gaps exist in the form of conceptual identification of cultural characteristics that may occur as a result of efforts to build adaptive ability through the programme. This article examines societal values that are affected by programmes. CONTRIBUTION: This manuscript aims to add to the variety of disaster programme design initiatives requiring community resilience and sustainability. This sociocultural and disaster-related field is pertinent to the scope of this publication

https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v15i1.1470

Web-based exercise interventions for patients with depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
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Carneiro, Lara

; Rosenbaum, Simon

; Ward, Philip B.

; Clemente, Filipe M.

; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo

; Monteiro-Júnior, Renato S.

; Martins, Alexandre

; Afonso, José

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Jun 2022, Volume 44 Nº 3 Páginas 331 - 341

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objective: The number of people suffering from depression and/or anxiety has increased steadily due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this context, web-based exercise interventions have emerged as a potential treatment strategy. The objective of this study was to synthetize evidence from randomized controlled trials regarding the effects of web-based exercise interventions on patients with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Six databases were searched (Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science), and eligible articles were identified according to a PICOS inclusion-exclusion approach (participants with depressive or anxiety disorders; web-based exercise interventions; active or passive control group; assessment of changes in depressive or anxiety disorders; randomized design). Primary outcomes were depressive and/or anxiety symptoms. The quality of evidence was assessed with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Results: Of 7,846 search results, three studies met the inclusion criteria (172 participants between 18 and 65 years of age, 95.9% women). The web-based exercise interventions lasted 8-12 weeks and involved endurance training, yoga, or combined endurance and strength training. The comparators involved non-exercise controls or active controls. Compliance rates were low. Web-based exercise interventions were not superior to controls regarding anxiety symptoms, and only one study found benefits for depressive symptoms (p ≤ 0.05). The quality of the cumulative evidence was low. Conclusion: The available data regarding the effects of web-based exercise interventions on depression and/or anxiety symptoms is scarce, the risk of bias is high, and the quality of the cumulative results is low. Currently, no clear recommendations can be provided. Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42021225938.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2026

10.

A genetic and chemical study of six Oedipodinae species (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acrididae) from Algeria
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SOFRANE, Zina

; DUPONT, Simon

; DOUMANDJI, Salaheddine

; BAGNÈRES, Anne Geneviève

Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina

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Jun 2022, Volume 81 Nº 1 Páginas 29 - 40

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The Oedipodinae subfamily is the most species-rich and numerically abundant group of Acrididae in Algeria. Here, genetic and chemical data were used to characterize the identities of six species: Oedipoda miniata mauritanica (Lucas, 1849); Acrotylus patruelis (Herrich-Shaeffer, 1838); A. insubricus insubricus (Scopoli, 1786); Sphingonotus .Neosphingonotus. azurescens (Rambur, 1838); Sphingonotus .Neosphingonotus. finotianus (Saussure, 1885); and Sphingoderus carinatus (Saussure, 1888). Individuals were collected from two different sites in the Sétif region of northeastern Algeria. First, specimens were classified based on their morphological traits. Second, phylogenetic analysis was performed using DNA barcoding data (COI gene). Third, the specimens’ cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) were analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis revealed clear distinctions among the species. The chemotaxonomic analysis highlighted CHC profile similarities between S. azurescens and S. finotianus and CHC profile differences between A.patruelis and A. i. insubricus. Compared to S. azurescens and S. finotianus, S. carinatus had .-alkanes and trimethylalkanes with much shorter carbon chains. The genetic and chemical data obtained here have helped clarify differences within and between genera. These data also enabled to clearly distinguish among the six species.

Resumen La subfamilia Oedipodinae es el grupo de Acrididae más rico en especies y numéricamente más abundante en Argelia. Aquí, se utilizaron datos genéticos y químicos para caracterizar la identidad de seis especies: Oedipoda miniata mauritanica Lucas, 1849, Acrotylus patruelis (Herrich-Shaeffer, 1838), A. insubricus insubricus (Scopoli, 1786), Sphingonotus .Neosphingonotus. azurescens (Rambur, 1838), Sphingonotus .Neosphingonotus. finotianus (Saussure, 1885) y Sphingoderus carinatus (Saussure, 1888). Se recolectaron individuos de dos sitios diferentes en la región de Sétif, al noreste de Argelia. Primero, los especímenes se clasificaron en función de sus rasgos morfológicos. En segundo lugar, se realizó un análisis filogenético utilizando datos de códigos de barras de ADN (gen COI). En tercer lugar, se analizaron los hidrocarburos cuticulares de las muestras. El análisis filogenético reveló claras distinciones entre las especies. El análisis quimiotaxonómico destacó las similitudes de perfil entre S. azurescens y S. finotianus y la diferencia de perfil entre A. patruelis y A. i. insubricus. El perfil de hidrocarburos cuticulares de S. carinatus fue diferente de los de S. azurescens y S. finotianus por .-alcanos y trimetilalcanos con cadenas de carbono mucho más cortas. Los datos genéticos y químicos obtenidos han ayudado a aclarar las diferencias dentro y entre los géneros. También pudieron distinguir claramente entre las seis especies.

11.

Seroconversion in asymptomatic COVID-19 pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases of one tertiary referral hospital
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Simon, Juliana R.

; Pereira, Maria F.B.

; Marques, Heloisa H.

; Elias, Adriana M.

; Sakita, Neusa K.

; Ferreira, Juliana C.O.A.

; Precioso, Alexander Roberto

; Grisi, Sandra J.F.E.

; Ferrer, Ana Paula S.

; Bain, Vera

; Silva, Clovis A.

; Campos, Lúcia M.A.

Clinics

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2022, Volume 77 elocation 100110

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate seroconverted asymptomatic COVID-19 in pediatric Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (ARDs) patients and to identify the risk factors related to contagion. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2021, before vaccination of children and adolescents in Brazil, including 77 pediatric ARDs patients, followed at a tertiary hospital and 45 healthy controls, all of them without a previous diagnosis of COVID-19. Data was obtained by a questionnaire with demographic data, symptoms compatible with COVID-19 over the previous year, and contact with people with confirmed COVID-19. Patient’s medical records were reviewed to access data regarding disease and current medications. A qualitative immunochromatographic SARS-CoV-2 test was performed on all participants. Results: Patients and controls were similar in terms of female gender (70.1% vs. 57.8%, p = 0.173), age (14 vs. 13 years, p = 0.269) and SARS-CoV-2 positive serology (22% vs. 15.5%, p = 0.481). 80.5% of rheumatic patients were in use of immunosuppressive drugs: 27.3% of them used corticosteroids (33.3% in high doses), and 7.8% on immunobiologicals. No statistical differences were found between positive (n = 17) and negative serology (n = 60) patients regarding demographic/socioeconomic data, contact with people with confirmed COVID-19, use and number of immunosuppressive drugs, use and dose of corticosteroids, use of hydroxychloroquine and immunobiological drugs (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Pediatric rheumatic disease patients were infected at the same rate as healthy ones. Neither the underlying pathology nor its immunosuppressive treatment seemed to interfere with contagion risk.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100110

12.

Dietary inclusion of Schizochytrium limacinum meal can maintain key productive parameters of pink cusk-eel (Genypterus blacodes) juveniles with a reduction in fish oil
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Serrano, Edison

; Simpfendorfer, Robert

; Uribe, Juan Carlos

; Medina, Alberto

; Castro, Karla

; Morales, Rodrigo

; Davies, Simon J.

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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Nov 2021, Volume 49 Nº 5 Páginas 804 - 811

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The pink cusk-eel (Genypterus blacodes) is a promising new candidate species to diversify cold-water aquaculture further. However, there are several knowledge gaps to establish a commercial-scale cultivation strategy, with optimum feed formulation being one of the main remaining challenges. This study aimed to assess the dietary inclusion of Schizochytrium limacinum heterotrophic microalgae meal as a sustainable source of docosahexaenoic acid on fish growth and the condition status of pink cusk-eel juveniles. Three extruded diets were formulated to contain 0, 5 and 10% of dried algae and fed to duplicate groups of fish twice daily until apparent satiation during the 12-week trial. On termination of the feeding trial period, the average live weight gain did not show statistically significant differences between the three groups of juvenile fish, achieving an increase in weight of about two times at the end of the trial. Similarly, the protein efficiency and feed conversion ratios did not show significant differences among the experimental diets. On the contrary, a significant reduction in feed intake was observed as the dietary inclusion of microalgae meal increased. These results indicate that S. limacinum meal is a sustainable alternative ingredient for the dietary substitution of fish oil in commercial feed for G. blacodes at limited inclusion.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol49-issue5-fulltext-2664 43 downloads

13.

Neuroactive venom compounds obtained from Phlogiellus bundokalbo as potential leads for neurodegenerative diseases: insights on their acetylcholinesterase and beta-secretase inhibitory activities in vitro
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Lopez, Simon Miguel M.

; Aguilar, Jeremey S.

; Fernandez, Jerene Bashia B.

; Lao, Angelic Gayle J.

; Estrella, Mitzi Rain R.

; Devanadera, Mark Kevin P.

; Ramones, Cydee Marie V.

; Villaraza, Aaron Joseph L.

; Guevarra Jr., Leonardo A.

; Santiago-Bautista, Myla R.

; Santiago, Librado A.

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

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2021, Volume 27 elocation e20210009

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Spider venom is a rich cocktail of neuroactive compounds designed to prey capture and defense against predators that act on neuronal membrane proteins, in particular, acetylcholinesterases (AChE) that regulate synaptic transmission through acetylcholine (ACh) hydrolysis - an excitatory neurotransmitter - and beta-secretases (BACE) that primarily cleave amyloid precursor proteins (APP), which are, in turn, relevant in the structural integrity of neurons. The present study provides preliminary evidence on the therapeutic potential of Phlogiellus bundokalbo venom against neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Spider venom was extracted by electrostimulation and fractionated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Neuroactivity of the whole venom was observed by a neurobehavioral response from Terebrio molitor larvae in vivo and fractions were screened for their inhibitory activities against AChE and BACE in vitro. Results The whole venom from P. bundokalbo demonstrated neuroactivity by inducing excitatory movements from T. molitor for 15 min. Sixteen fractions collected produced diverse mass fragments from MALDI-TOF-MS ranging from 900-4500 Da. Eleven of sixteen fractions demonstrated AChE inhibitory activities with 14.34% (± 2.60e-4) to 62.05% (± 6.40e-5) compared with donepezil which has 86.34% (± 3.90e-5) inhibition (p > 0.05), while none of the fractions were observed to exhibit BACE inhibition. Furthermore, three potent fractions against AChE, F1, F3, and F16 displayed competitive and uncompetitive inhibitions compared to donepezil as the positive control. Conclusion The venom of P. bundokalbo contains compounds that demonstrate neuroactivity and anti-AChE activities in vitro, which could comprise possible therapeutic leads for the development of cholinergic compounds against neurological diseases.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0009 230 downloads

14.

Poor Sleep quality and health-related quality of life impact in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions during COVID-19 quarantine
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Helito, Alberto C.

; Lindoso, Livia

; Sieczkowska, Sofia M.

; Astley, Camilla

; Queiroz, Ligia B.

; Rose, Natalia

; Santos, Claudia Renata P.

; Bolzan, Thalis

; Peralta, Rita María I.A.

; Franco, Ruth R.

; Cominato, Louise

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Tannuri, Uenis

; Campos, Lucia Maria A.

; Lourenço, Benito

; Toma, Ricardo K.

; Medeiros, Karina

; Watanabe, Andréia

; Grangeiro, Patricia Moreno

; Farhat, Sylvia C.

; Casella, Caio B.

; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.

; Gualano, Bruno

; Silva, Clovis A.

; Sallum, Adriana M. E.

; Iraha, Amanda Y.

; Ihara, Bianca P.

; Mazzolani, Bruna C.

; Martinez, Claudia A.

; Strabelli, Claudia A. A.

; Fonseca, Claudia B.

; Lima, Dandara C. C.

; Setoue, Debora N. D.

; Roz, Deborah F. P.

; Smaira, Fabiana I.

; Roschel, Hamilton

; Miyatani, Helena T.

; Marques, Isabela G.

; Oba, Jane

; Ferreira, Juliana C. O.

; Simon, Juliana R.

; Kozu, Katia

; Saccani, Ligia P.

; Martiniano, Lorena V. M.

; Miranda, Luana C. A.

; Silva, Luiz E. V.

; Laurentino, Moisés F.

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Sakita, Neusa K.

; Tanigava, Nicolas Y.

; Pereira, Paulo R. A.

; Palmeira, Patrícia

; Angelo, Simone S.

; Lavorato, Sofia S. M.

; Bernardes, Tamires M.

; Franco, Tathiane C.

; Viana, Vivianne S. L.

; Barros, Vera P. M. F. R.

; Zheng, Yingying

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e3501

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible factors that influence sleep quality in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions quarantined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 305 adolescents with chronic immunocompromised conditions and 82 healthy adolescents. Online surveys were completed, which included questions on socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and the following validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0), and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). RESULTS: The median current age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p=0.847] and frequency of female sex (62% vs. 58%, p=0.571) were similar in adolescents with chronic conditions compared with healthy adolescents. The frequency of poor sleep quality was similar in both groups (38% vs. 48%, p=0.118). Logistic regression analysis, including both healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic conditions (n=387), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.8; p=0.008) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p=0.008) were independently associated with poor sleep quality in these adolescents. However, the PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for poor sleep quality (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.001). Further logistic regression, including only adolescents with chronic conditions (n=305), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.8; p=0.006) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p=0.011) remained independently associated with poor quality of sleep, whereas a lower PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for sleep quality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported increases in screen time and intrafamilial violence report impacted sleep quality in both healthy adolescents and those with chronic conditions. Decreased health-related quality of life was observed in adolescents with poor sleep quality.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3501

15.

Evaluation of the genetic toxicity of sofosbuvir and simeprevir with and without ribavirin in a human-derived liver cell line
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LIBRELOTTO, CARINA S.

; SOUZA, ANA PAULA DE

; ÁLVARES-DA-SILVA, MÁRIO R.

; SIMON, DANIEL

; DIHL, RAFAEL R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 Nº 4 elocation e20200632

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Direct-acting antivirals have revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Sofosbuvir and simeprevir are prescribed worldwide. However, there is a scarcity of information regarding their genotoxicity. Therefore, the present study assessed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of sofosbuvir and simeprevir, alone and combined with ribavirin. HepG2 cells were analyzed using the in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Cells were treated for 24 h with sofosbuvir (0.011−1.511 mM), simeprevir (0.156−5.0 µM), and their combinations with ribavirin (0.250−4.0 mM). No significant differences were observed in the nuclear division cytotoxicity index, reflecting the absence of cytotoxic effects associated to sofosbuvir. However, the highest concentration of simeprevir showed a significant difference for the nuclear division cytotoxicity index. Moreover, significant results were observed for nuclear division cytotoxicity index in two combinations of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin and only in the highest combination of simeprevir plus ribavirin. Additionally, our results showed that sofosbuvir did not increase the frequency of chromosomal damage, but simeprevir significantly increased the frequency of micronuclei at the highest concentrations. The combination index demonstrated that both sofosbuvir and simeprevir produced antagonism to the genotoxic effects of ribavirin. In conclusion, our results showed that simeprevir, but not sofosbuvir, has genotoxic effects in HepG2 cells.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200632 88 downloads

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