Classes de Recomendação Classe I: Condições para as quais há evidências conclusivas e, na sua falta, consenso geral de que o procedimento é seguro e útil/eficaz. Classe II: Condições para as quais há evidências conflitantes e/ou divergência de opinião sobre a segurança e utilidade/eficácia do procedimento. Classe IIa: Peso ou evidência/opinião a favor do procedimento. A maioria aprova. Classe IIb: Segurança e utilidade/eficácia menos estabelecidas, havendo opiniões divergentes. Classe III: Condições para as quais há evidências e/ou consenso de que o procedimento não é útil/eficaz e, em alguns casos, pode ser prejudicial. Níveis de Evidência Nível A: Dados obtidos a partir de múltiplos estudos randomizados de bom porte, concordantes e/ou de metanálise robusta de estudos randomizados. Nível B: Dados obtidos a partir de metanálise menos robusta, a partir de um único estudo randomizado e/ou de estudos observacionais. Nível C: Dados obtidos de opiniões consensuais de especialistas. I falta útileficaz útil eficaz II eou utilidadeeficácia utilidade eficácia IIa evidênciaopinião evidência aprova IIb estabelecidas divergentes III casos prejudicial porte B observacionais C especialistas

Classes of Recommendation Class I: Conditions for which there is conclusive evidence and, failing that, general agreement that a given procedure is safe and useful/effective. Class II: Conditions for which there is conflicting evidence and/or a divergence of opinion about the safety and usefulness/efficacy of a procedure. Class IIa: Weight or evidence/opinion in favor of the procedure. Most approve. Class IIb: Safety and usefulness/efficacy less well established, with divergence of opinions. Class III: Conditions for which there is evidence and/or general agreement that a procedure is not useful/effective and, in some cases, may be harmful. Levels of Evidence Level A: Data derived from multiple large, concordant randomized trials and/or robust meta-analyses of randomized trials. Level B: Data derived from less robust meta-analyses, from a single randomized trial and/or from observational studies. Level C: Data derived from consensus opinion of experts. I usefuleffective useful effective II andor usefulnessefficacy usefulness efficacy IIa evidenceopinion approve IIb established opinions III cases harmful A large metaanalyses meta analyses B metaanalyses, analyses, studies C experts

Abstract The research was performed in the cycle 2020, with the objective of determining the chemical characteristics of the soil and water quality in the municipalities of Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz and Ejutla de Crespo, Oaxaca, Mexico. The soil and water were sampled, the content of cations, anions and water quality variables were determined. High concentrations of Ca and Mg were recorded in the soil with average values of up to 19.20 and 19.42 mEq L-1 respectively. High concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3 - were recorded in the water with average values of up to 4.79, 4.32 and 7.97 mEq L-1 respectively. According to the variables SP, RAS, IS and CSR, the water is classified as suitable for irrigation. It is concluded that the use of acids is necessary to lower the pH of the water and neutralize the carbonates.

Resumen La investigación se realizó en el ciclo 2020, con el objetivo de determinar las características químicas del suelo y calidad del agua en los municipios de Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz y Ejutla de Crespo, Oaxaca, México. Se muestreo el suelo y agua, se determinó contenido de cationes, aniones y variables de calidad del agua. En el suelo se registró alta concentración de Ca2+ y Mg2+ con valores promedio de hasta 19.20 y 19.42 mEq L-1 respectivamente. En el agua se registró alta concentración de Ca2+, Mg2+ y HCO3 - con valores promedio de hasta 4.79, 4.32 y 7.97 mEq L-1 respectivamente. Según las variables SP, RAS, IS y CSR el agua se clasifica como adecuada para riego. Se concluye que el uso de ácidos es necesario para bajar el pH del agua y neutralizar los carbonatos.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio físico puede ser una alternativa para prevenir y tratar los efectos nocivos de la obesidad, principalmente los efectos inflamatorios sobre los tejidos del músculo esquelético y del hígado. Sin embargo, no existe consenso sobre cuál es el mejor modelo de entrenamiento físico para este fin. Objetivo: Evaluar las alteraciones morfológicas, metabólicas e inflamatorias del entrenamiento aeróbico y de resistencia en sobre los tejidos músculo esqueléticos y hepáticos de ratas. Métodos: 24 ratas Wistar se dividieron en grupos sedentarios (S), aeróbicos (AE) y de entrenamiento de resistencia (R). Se midieron periódicamente glucosa en sangre, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Después de la eutanasia, se midió la masa corporal para calcular la ganancia de masa total durante el experimento. Se midió la lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL). Se extrajo tejido adiposo para calcular su porcentaje relativo a la masa corporal, así como hígado, músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio para análisis morfológicos y concentraciones de glucógeno, lípidos y Factor de Necrosis Tumoral α (TNF-α). Para el análisis estadístico fueron utilizados Kruskall-Wallis y el post-test de Dunn, adoptando p<0,05. Resultados: Ambos entrenamientos redujeron el porcentaje de tejido adiposo, masa corporal y la concentración de TNF-α hepático (p<0,05). AE aumentó el HDL sérico, el diámetro de la fibra del gastrocnemio y redujo la dimensión fractal en el sóleo (p<0,05). R redujo la glucosa en sangre y los lípidos séricos y hepáticos, aumentó las concentraciones de glucógeno hepático y sóleo, aumentó el diámetro de la fibra del gastrocnemio y disminuyó el TNF-α (p<0,05). Conclusión: Ambos modelos de entrenamiento redujeron la masa corporal, el tejido adiposo visceral relativo, la concentración sérica de colesterol total y la inflamación hepática. El entrenamiento de resistencia demostró ser más eficaz para promover los efectos metabólicos en el hígado y el músculo esquelético, además de reducir la inflamación muscular en ratas. Nivel de Evidencia V; Opinión del Especialista. Introducción obesidad embargo fin Objetivo morfológicas Métodos 2 S, S , (S) (AE R. . (R) triglicéridos eutanasia experimento HDL. (HDL) TNFα. TNFα TNF (TNF-α) KruskallWallis Kruskall Wallis posttest post test Dunn p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 Resultados (p<0,05) sérico Conclusión hepática V Especialista (S (R (HDL (TNF-α p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise can be an alternative for preventing and treating the harmful effects of obesity, mainly inflammatory effects on skeletal muscle and liver tissues. However, no consensus exists regarding this purpose's best physical training model. Objective: Evaluate morphological, metabolic, and inflammatory alterations in rats’ skeletal and hepatic muscle tissues caused by aerobic and resistance training. Methods: 24 Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (S), aerobic (AE), and resistance training (R) groups. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides were measured periodically. After euthanasia, body mass was measured to calculate the total mass gain during the experiment. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was measured. Adipose tissue was extracted to calculate its percentage relative to body mass and the liver, soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles for morphological analyses and concentrations of glycogen, lipids, and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α). The Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test were performed for statistical analysis, adopting p<0.05. Results: Both training models reduced the percentage of adipose tissue, body mass gain, and hepatic TNF-α concentration (p<0.05). AE increased serum HDL, gastrocnemius fiber diameter and reduced the fractal dimension in the soleus (p<0.05). R reduced blood glucose and serum and liver lipids, increased liver and soleus glycogen concentrations, increased gastrocnemius fiber diameter, and decreased TNF-α (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both training models reduced body mass, relative visceral adipose tissue, serum total cholesterol concentration, and liver inflammation. However, resistance training was more effective in promoting metabolic effects in the liver and skeletal muscle and reducing muscle inflammation in rats. Level of Evidence V; Expert Opinion. Introduction obesity However purposes purpose s model Objective Methods 2 S, S , (S) AE, (AE) (R groups periodically euthanasia experiment Highdensity High density HDL (HDL lipids TNFα. TNFα TNF . (TNF-α) KruskallWallis Kruskall Wallis Dunns Dunn posttest post analysis p005 p 0 05 p<0.05 Results (p<0.05) Conclusion V Opinion (S (AE (TNF-α p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício físico pode se apresentar como uma alternativa para prevenção e tratamento de efeitos deletérios da obesidade, principalmente efeitos inflamatórios sobre os tecidos muscular esquelético e hepático. No entanto, não há consenso quanto ao melhor modelo de treinamento físico para tal finalidade. Objetivos: Avaliar alterações morfológicas, metabólicas e inflamatórias dos treinamentos aeróbico e resistido sobre os tecidos muscular esquelético e hepático de ratos. Métodos: 24 ratos Wistar foram divididos nos grupos sedentário (S), treinamento aeróbico (AE) e resistido (R). Glicemia, colesterol total e triglicerídeos séricos foram mensurados periodicamente. Após a eutanásia, a massa corporal foi mensurada para calcular o ganho total de massa durante o experimento. A lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) foi dosada. O tecido adiposo foi extraído para cálculo de sua porcentagem relativa à massa corporal assim como o fígado e os músculos sóleo e gastrocnêmio para as análises morfológicas e das concentrações de glicogênio, lipídios e Fator de Necrose Tumoral α (TNF-α). Para análise estatística, foram utilizados o teste de Kruskall-Wallis e o pós-teste de Dunn, adotando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Ambos os modelos de treinamento reduziram o percentual de tecido adiposo, ganho de massa corporal e concentração hepática de TNF-α (p<0,05). AE aumentou o HDL sérico, o diâmetro das fibras do gastrocnêmio e reduziu a dimensão fractal no sóleo (p<0,05). R reduziu a glicemia e os lipídios séricos e hepáticos, aumentou a concentração de glicogênio hepático e sóleo, aumentou o diâmetro das fibras gastrocnêmicas e diminuiu o TNF-α (p<0,05). Conclusão: Ambos os modelos de treinamento reduziram a massa corporal, o tecido adiposo visceral relativo, a concentração sérica de colesterol total e a inflamação hepática. No entanto, o treinamento resistido mostrou-se mais eficaz em promover efeitos metabólicos no fígado e no músculo esquelético, além de reduzir a inflamação muscular em ratos. Nível de Evidência V; Opinião do Especialista. Introdução obesidade entanto finalidade Objetivos Métodos 2 S, S , (S) (AE R. . (R) Glicemia periodicamente eutanásia experimento (HDL dosada TNFα. TNFα TNF (TNF-α) estatística KruskallWallis Kruskall Wallis pósteste pós Dunn adotandose adotando p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 Resultados (p<0,05) sérico hepáticos Conclusão relativo mostrouse mostrou V Especialista (S (R (TNF-α p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: The complexity of liver transplantation requires a highly qualified team, in which the social worker plays a crucial role in analyzing and intervening in the social situation of candidates. Objectives: To investigate the social profile of liver transplant candidates and relate it to the interventions and reflections made during the social assessment at the Hospital de Base Liver Transplant Unit. Methods: Based on the records of the Social Work, the information of the candidates evaluated between January 2019 and December 2020 was analyzed. This quantitative-qualitative, retrospective, descriptive and documentary study, with participant observation, was conducted from a dialectical perspective. Results: During the data collection period, 174 evaluations were obtained. Social profile: Average age 55.8 years, predominantly male (N=116; 66.7%), with a partner (N=129; 74.1%), living in municipalities in the state of São Paulo (N=124; 71.3%), incomplete primary education (N=68; 39.1%), low level of education (N=65; 37.4%), inactive in the job market (N=151; 86.8%), accessing social security benefits (N=120; 69%), positive acceptance of the transplant (N=158; 90.8%), nuclear family (N=120; 69%), offer of care and family adherence (N=172; 98.9%), partial access to medication (N=122; 70.1%), ease of access to the transplant center (N=157; 90.2%), per person family income of 1\2 to 2 minimum wages (N=107; 61.5%) and satisfactory/conserved housing standard and state of repair (N=157; 90.3%). Conclusion: The social profile of greater social vulnerability required more interventions in most of the 25 variables assessed, providing important elements for identifying and meeting the social needs of each individual. Introduction team Objectives Unit Methods Work 201 202 analyzed quantitativequalitative, quantitativequalitative quantitative qualitative, qualitative quantitative-qualitative retrospective study observation perspective Results period 17 obtained 558 55 8 55. years N=116 N116 N 116 (N=116 66.7%, 667 66.7% , 66 7 66.7%) N=129 N129 129 (N=129 74.1%, 741 74.1% 74 1 74.1%) N=124 N124 124 (N=124 71.3%, 713 71.3% 71 3 71.3%) N=68 N68 68 (N=68 39.1%, 391 39.1% 39 39.1%) N=65 N65 65 (N=65 37.4%, 374 37.4% 37 4 37.4%) N=151 N151 151 (N=151 86.8%, 868 86.8% 86 86.8%) N=120 N120 120 (N=120 69%, 69 69% 69%) N=158 N158 158 (N=158 90.8%, 908 90.8% 90 90.8%) N=172 N172 172 (N=172 98.9%, 989 98.9% 98 9 98.9%) N=122 N122 122 (N=122 70.1%, 701 70.1% 70 70.1%) N=157 N157 157 (N=157 90.2%, 902 90.2% 90.2%) 12 1\ N=107 N107 107 (N=107 61.5% 615 61 5 satisfactoryconserved satisfactory conserved 90.3%. 903 90.3% . 90.3%) Conclusion assessed individual 20 N=11 N11 11 (N=11 66.7 6 N=12 N12 (N=12 74.1 71.3 N=6 N6 (N=6 39.1 37.4 N=15 N15 15 (N=15 86.8 90.8 N=17 N17 (N=17 98.9 70.1 90.2 N=10 N10 10 (N=10 61.5 90.3 N=1 N1 (N=1 66. 74. 71. N= (N= 39. 37. 86. 90. 98. 70. 61. (N

RESUMO Introdução: A complexidade do transplante de fígado requer uma equipe altamente qualificada, no qual o assistente social desempenha papel crucial para analisar e intervir na situação social dos candidatos. Objetivos: Investigar o perfil social dos candidatos ao transplante de fígado e relacioná-lo com as intervenções e reflexões efetuadas durante a avaliação social na Unidade de Transplante de Fígado do Hospital de Base. Métodos: Com base nos registros do Serviço Social, foram analisadas as informações dos candidatos avaliados entre janeiro de 2019 e dezembro de 2020. Este estudo quantitativo-qualitativo, retrospectivo, descritivo e documental, com observação participante, foi conduzido a partir de um panorama dialético. Resultados Durante o período de coleta de dados, obteve-se174 avaliações. Perfil social: média etária de 55,8 anos, predominância masculina (N=116; 66,7%), com companheiro/a (N=129; 74,1%), residentes em municípios do estado de São Paulo (124; 71,3%), ensino fundamental incompleto (N=68, 39,1%), baixo nível de instrução (N=65; 37,4%), inatividade no mercado de trabalho (N=151; 86,8%), acessando benefício da previdência social (N=120; 69%), positiva aceitação do transplante (N=158; 90,8%), família nuclear (N=120; 69%), oferta de cuidados e aderência familiar (N= 172;98,9%), acesso parcial a medicamentos (N=122; 70,1%), facilidade de acesso ao centro transplantador (N=157; 90,2%), renda per capita familiar de 1\2 a 2 salários mínimos (N=107; 61,5%) e padrão habitacional e estado de conservação satisfatório/conservado (N=157; 90,3%). Conclusão O perfil social de maior vulnerabilidade social exigiu mais intervenções na maioria das 25 variáveis avaliadas, fornecendo elementos importantes para a identificação e atendimento das necessidades sociais de cada indivíduo. Introdução qualificada Objetivos relacionálo relacioná lo Base Métodos Social 201 2020 quantitativoqualitativo, quantitativoqualitativo quantitativo qualitativo, qualitativo quantitativo-qualitativo retrospectivo documental participante dialético dados obtevese174 obtevese obteve se174 se obteve-se17 avaliações 558 55 8 55, anos N=116 N116 N 116 (N=116 66,7%, 667 66,7% , 66 7 66,7%) companheiroa companheiro N=129 N129 129 (N=129 74,1%, 741 74,1% 74 1 74,1%) 124 (124 71,3%, 713 71,3% 71 3 71,3%) N=68, N68 68 (N=68 39,1%, 391 39,1% 39 39,1%) N=65 N65 65 (N=65 37,4%, 374 37,4% 37 4 37,4%) N=151 N151 151 (N=151 86,8%, 868 86,8% 86 86,8%) N=120 N120 120 (N=120 69%, 69 69% 69%) N=158 N158 158 (N=158 90,8%, 908 90,8% 90 90,8%) N= (N 17298,9%, 172989 172 98,9% 98 9 172;98,9%) N=122 N122 122 (N=122 70,1%, 701 70,1% 70 70,1%) N=157 N157 157 (N=157 90,2%, 902 90,2% 90,2%) 12 1\ N=107 N107 107 (N=107 61,5% 615 61 5 satisfatórioconservado satisfatório conservado 90,3%. 903 90,3% . 90,3%) avaliadas indivíduo 20 202 obtevese17 se17 obteve-se1 N=11 N11 11 (N=11 66,7 6 N=12 N12 (N=12 74,1 (12 71,3 N=68 N6 (N=6 39,1 N=6 37,4 N=15 N15 15 (N=15 86,8 90,8 17298 17298,9% 17 989 98,9 172;98,9% 70,1 90,2 N=10 N10 10 (N=10 61,5 90,3 obtevese1 se1 obteve-se N=1 N1 (N=1 66, 74, (1 71, 39, 37, 86, 90, 1729 17298,9 98, 172;98,9 70, 61, ( 17298, 172;98, 172;98 172;9 172;

ABSTRACT Brazilian semi-arid tropical is responsible for the production and export of fine table grapes, but the demand for phosphate fertilizers and other agricultural inputs increases the cost of production and threatens local water bodies by leaching of phosphorus (P). The objectives of this study were to quantify the organic and inorganic fractions of P and to determine chemical and microbiological attributes related to its mineralization in soils cultivated with vines in São Francisco Valley. It was hypothesized that P fractions and microbial activity would increase in areas fertilized with phosphate. Soil samples from vines were collected in cultivated areas and in fallow systems. P fractionation, macro-elements analysis, microbial biomass phosphorus (Pmic), and phosphatase enzyme activity were determined and correlated with each other and with the total proportion of synthesized glomalin. In both treatments, the inorganic P fractions exceeded the organic ones, and the total phosphorus available in those soils was associated with the most recalcitrant fractions, reducing risks of leaching of this element and contamination of water bodies. Pmic was higher in the winery areas due to the presence of phosphate fertilizers and organic matter, hence the activity of alkaline phosphatase enzymes and the production of total glomalin increased respectively in three and four evaluated areas, indicating that P-mineralized bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been positively affected by the current agricultural system. semiarid semi arid grapes P. . (P) Valley systems fractionation macroelements macro elements analysis Pmic, , (Pmic) treatments ones matter Pmineralized mineralized system (P (Pmic

Abstract Introduction Clinical assessment in orofacial motricity is required for the speech therapist to diagnose and treat disorders involving the stomatognathic system. Validated tools can help establish a prognosis and outline intervention methods connected to human development. Objective The goal of the present study was to examine the domains of the oromyofunctional assessment of nursing infants and preschoolers according to sex and age group, as well as the application of the MMBGR Protocol – Nursing Infants and Preschool Children. Methods A quantitative technique was used to conduct an analytical and cross-sectional investigation. The present study included a total of 214 healthy breastfeeding infants and preschoolers of both sexes. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the medians. The Spearman correlation of each test domain was determined. R Core Team 2021 (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria) was used, and the significance threshold was set at 5%. Results In intraoral and extraoral examinations, there was a difference between sexes for tongue scores in nursing infants(d =-0.428; p = 0.045), worse in males. When the orofacial functions were considered in nursing infants, there were differences between the sexes for the liquid/solid/semisolid deglutition scores (d = 0.479; p = 0.031), with females performing worse. There were sex differences in solid/semisolid deglutition (d = -0.335; p = 0.043), and speech in preschoolers (d = - 0.478; p = 0.034), including the production of phones/phonemes (d = - 0.599; p = 0.007), which were always worse in males. Conclusion The research revealed sex disparities and related the domains of oromyofunctional assessment, according to scores, of the domains of myofunctional assessment, as recorded in a standardized oromyofunctional assessment protocol by age group. system development group Children crosssectional cross sectional investigation 21 MannWhitney Mann Whitney medians determined 202 Foundation Vienna Austria 5 5% examinations infantsd d =0.428 0428 0.428 0 428 =-0.428 0.045, 0045 0.045 , 045 0.045) males liquidsolidsemisolid liquid solid semisolid 0.479 0479 479 0.031, 0031 0.031 031 0.031) solidsemisolid 0.335 0335 335 -0.335 0.043, 0043 0.043 043 0.043) 0.478 0478 478 0.034, 0034 0.034 034 0.034) phonesphonemes phones phonemes 0.599 0599 599 0.007, 0007 0.007 007 0.007) 2 20 =0.42 042 0.42 42 =-0.42 004 0.04 04 0.47 047 47 003 0.03 03 0.33 033 33 -0.33 0.59 059 59 000 0.00 00 =0.4 0.4 4 =-0.4 0.0 0.3 3 -0.3 0.5 05 =0. 0. =-0. -0. =0 =-0 -0 =-

Abstract The improvement of sandy soils by incorporating new stabilizing agents in a physical and/or chemical process has become the subject of many studies in recent decades. In addition, the use of industrial wastes in this process can bring significant benefits to the environment and savings in natural resources. This work aims to evaluate the implications of incorporating porcelain polishing waste (PPW) and hydrated lime on the mechanical properties of an aeolian dune sand from the city of Natal/RN. Tests of unconfined compressive strength and split tensile strength were performed on compacted soil specimens with different contents of PPW (10%, 20% and 30%), hydrated lime (3%, 5% and 7%) and relative densities (25%, 50% and 75%). To evaluate the effects of each factor, the Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design was used. The results have shown that all three factors have a positive effect on the response variables. The highest strengths were obtained in regions combining high values of relative density and PPW content and an optimum lime content was found. An inversely proportional correlation and good fit to the experimental data was obtained between the strength values and the porosity/binder index ( η / B i v). The strength gains were attributed to densification of the soil structure and cementation of the particles by the compounds formed in the reaction between lime and PPW. The results also showed an increase in the strength with curing time, indicating a pozzolanic activity of the mixtures.

Resumen La participación social se ha promovido decididamente en políticas públicas latinoamericanas de renombre como el Programa Nacional Solidaridad, Progresa, Oportunidades, la Cruzada Nacional contra el Hambre (México), Hambre Cero y el Plan Brasil Sin Miseria (Brasil), así como las políticas de seguridad alimentaria de Cuba y Uruguay. Ahora, en México, con la política Seguridad Alimentaria Mexicana se busca impulsar al sector agropecuario para aumentar la producción, el beneficio económico y el bienestar de las comunidades rurales con la participación de productores y sus organizaciones. Por ello, se realizó un análisis hermenéutico de enfoque sociocrítico sobre las políticas alimentarias incluyentes con mayor éxito relativo en Latinoamérica con objeto de contrastarlas con el componente de la participación social considerado en la política de Seguridad Alimentaria Mexicana. Se encontró que las políticas alimentarias con mayor éxito relativo muestran una mayor participación de los productores y sus organizaciones; no obstante, hay poca evidencia empírica de la política social que interviene en las políticas públicas, lo que limita su análisis en función de resultados.

Abstract Social participation has been vigorously promoted in renowned Latin American public policies, such as: the National Solidarity Program, Progresa, Oportunidades and the National Crusade Against Hunger (Mexico); Fome Zero and the Brasil Sem Miséria Plan (Brazil), as well as the food security policies of Cuba and Uruguay. Now, in Mexico, with Mexican Food Security seeks to promote the agricultural sector to increase production, economic benefit and well-being of rural communities with the participation of producers and their organizations. For this reason, a hermeneutic analysis of a socio-critical approach was carried out on the inclusive food policies with the greatest relative success in Latin America to contrast them with the social participation component considered in the Mexican Food Security policy. As a result, it is shown that food policies with greater relative success denote greater participation of producers and their organizations, but at the same time there is little empirical evidence of social participation that intervenes in public policies, which limits its analysis based on results.

Abstract The integration of community and social participation (CSP) in the implementation of Mexican social policy is based on inclusion principles and good governance practices, to improve the operation and appropriation of the social base on public policies. With this, a theoretical-methodological opportunity framework is opened to characterize and value said social action. This contribution shows a method to analyze the CSP that was established in the most important inclusive programs of the National Crusade against Hunger (NCaH), a strategy with which the mexican federal administration (2012-2018) sought to reduce multidimensional poverty in the most vulnerable population. Using qualitative information collected through sociological research tools devoted to the study of institutions, references were obtained that allowed assessing the CSP and areas of opportunity were identified for the evaluation of social programs implemented in localities highly susceptible to food deprivation and with marked indices of marginalization and poverty.

Resumen La integración de la participación comunitaria y social (PCS) en la implementación de la política social mexicana se basa en principios de inclusión y en las buenas prácticas de gobernanza, para mejorar la operatividad y apropiación de la base social sobre las políticas públicas. Con esto se abre un marco de oportunidad teórico-metodológico para caracterizar y valorar dicha acción social. Este aporte muestra un método para analizar la PCS que se instauró en los programas inclusivos más importantes de la Cruzada Nacional contra el Hambre (CNcH), una estrategia con la cual la administración federal mexicana (2012-2018) buscó disminuir la pobreza multidimensional en la población más vulnerable. Utilizando información cualitativa recopilada a través de herramientas de investigación sociológica abocadas al estudio de las instituciones, se obtuvieron referentes que permitieron valorar la PCS y se identificaron áreas de oportunidad para la evaluación de programas sociales implementados en localidades altamente susceptibles a la carencia alimentaria y con acentuados índices de marginación y pobreza.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente pediátrico con cuadro inicial de tuberculosis (TB) ganglionar con abandono de tratamiento en 2 ocasiones que evolucionó a la forma miliar y meningitis tuberculosa multidrogorresistente. Reporte del caso: Varón de 4 años con diagnóstico inicial de tuberculosis ganglionar, que abandonó el esquema sensible de tratamiento en dos ocasiones. Tres meses después, se evidenció compromiso bilateral sugestivo de TB miliar y durante la hospitalización desarrolló tuberculosis meníngea e hidrocefalia. Por el antecedente de abandono de tratamiento, se solicitó un estudio de sensibilidad en aspirado gástrico, identificándose como multidrogorresistente; pasando al esquema EZLfxKmEtoCs y manejo de complicaciones, consiguiendo mejoría. Conclusiones: El abandono de tratamiento es una de las principales causas de resistencia a fármacos antituberculosos y de complicaciones. Es necesario reforzar la detección temprana y tratamiento efectivo de esta infección en niños, poniéndose énfasis el seguimiento de casos para evitar abandonos de tratamiento y las complicaciones consecuentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a pediatric case with initial diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis (TB) that became multidrug resistant miliar and meningeal tuberculosis (TB-MDR) due to treatment dropout twice. Case report: a 4-year-old boy with initial diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis who had two episodes of dropout from the sensitive scheme treatment. Three months later, there was evidence of bilateral involvement suggestive of miliary TB. During hospitalization, he developed meningeal tuberculosis and hydrocephalus. Due to the history of treatment dropout, a sensitivity of gastric aspirate study was requested, identifying it as multidrug-resistant TB. He started the EZLfxKmEtoCs treatment scheme and complications management, achieving improvement. Conclusions: Treatment dropout is one of the main causes of drug resistance in tuberculosis and its complications. It is necessary to reinforce the early detection and effective treatment of this infection in children, focusing on the follow-up of cases to avoid treatment dropout and the consequent complications.

ABSTRACT Background: Domestic pigeons carry pathogens in their droppings, posing a potential public health problem. Methods: The phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistances of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium in the feces of urban pigeons near hospitals with intensive care units were measured. Results: Twenty-nine samples showed Enterococcus growth, whereas one was positive for S. aureus. The S. aureus isolate was sensitive to the antibiotics tested via antibiogram, however resistance genes were identified. E. faecium isolates showed phenotypic resistance to gentamicin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: Antimicrobial profiles harmful to health were demonstrated in bacterial pathogens isolated from the external environment of hospitals.

RESUMO Este trabalho sugere uma articulação teórica entre a compreensão de expressões idiomáticas (doravante EI), na perspectiva composicional de Glucksberg (1993), Cacciari e Levorato (1998), Vega-Moreno (2003), Gibbs e Colston (2007), dentre outros, e as representações conceituais da Gramática do Design Visual (doravante GDV), quais sejam, os processos classificatório, simbólico e analítico, de Kress e Van Leeuwen (2006). Adotam-se o ponto de vista pragmático e a noção de contexto, de Koch e Travaglia (2015) e Koch (2016), para melhor acomodar as apreciações acerca dos textos multimodais elencados, como as charges, os quadrinhos e os anúncios publicitários. A análise revelou que as representações conceituais, vistas desde a disposição das personagens no enquadramento, os valores socioculturais suscitados pelos atributos simbólicos, a mobilização de conhecimentos prévios e a percepção dos referentes textuais, para citar alguns, desempenham um papel crucial como estratégia de compreensão idiomática. Com efeito, este ensaio visa a expandir o escopo das investigações sobre EI para as análises de textos multimodais e, em uma esfera pedagógica, instruir investigações, tanto sobre os materiais didáticos em língua estrangeira e materna, como também objetiva auxiliar os professores de língua quanto às modalidades mais contextualizadas de ensinar as EI em sala de aula.

ABSTRACT This study comprises a theoretical articulation between idiom comprehension, from the compositional perspective by Glucksberg (1993), Cacciari and Levorato (1998), Vega-Moreno (2003), Gibbs and Colston (2007), among others, and the conceptual representations of the Grammar of Visual Design by Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), namely, the classificational, symbolic and analytical processes. An examination of multimodal texts, such as cartoons, comics and advertisements, was carried out based on a pragmatic standpoint and on the notion of context indicated by Koch and Travaglia (2015) and Koch (2016). The analysis revealed that conceptual representations, seen from the characters’ arrangement in the frames, the sociocultural values fostered by the symbolic attributes, the mobilization of prior knowledge, and the perception of textual referents, to name a few, play a crucial role as a strategy for understanding idioms. This paper aims to expand the scope of investigations on idioms to the analysis of multimodal texts. At a pedagogical level, it also aims to instruct investigations on teaching materials in foreign and mother languages as well as to help language teachers tackle idioms in more contextualized ways in their classrooms.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os efeitos dos treinamentos aeróbios e anaeróbios em diferentes ergômetros na hipertrofia muscular e cardíaca de ratos. Métodos Os animais foram separados nos grupos controle (C), treinamento aeróbio em natação (ATW), treinamento resistido em meio aquático (RTW), treinamento aeróbio em esteira rolante (ATT) e treinamento resistido em escalada (RTC). Os protocolos de treinamento foram realizados por 4 semanas, 3 x/semana. Foram mensurados a área de secção transversa (CSA) das células do músculo gastrocnêmio e as áreas dos cardiomiócitos. Resultados Nas fibras de contração rápida houve aumento da CSA dos grupos RTW e RTC em relação aos grupos ATW (p<0,01 e p<0,01) e ATT (p<0,01 e p<0,01). Nas fibras de contração lenta os grupos ATW e ATT demonstraram menor CSA comparado aos grupos RTW (p=0,03 e p<0,00) e RTC (p<0,01 e p<0,01). Nos cardiomiócitos houve aumento da área dos grupos RTW e RTC em comparação com os grupos C (p<0,01 e p<0,01), ATW (p=0,02 e p<0,01) e ATT (p<0,01 e p<0,01). Conclusão Os treinamentos anaeróbios promoveram hipertrofia nas fibras de contração rápida e nos cardiomiócitos. Nível de Evidência V; Estudo experimental em animais.

ABSTRACT Objective Analyze the effects of aerobic and anaerobic training on different ergometers on muscle and cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Methods The animals were separated into the following groups: Control (C), Aerobic Training in Water (ATW), Resistance Training in Water (RTW), Aerobic Training on Treadmill (ATT), and Resistance Training in Climbing (RTC). All training protocols were carried out for 4 weeks, 3 times/week. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastrocnemius muscle cells and the areas of the cardiomyocytes were measured. Results In the fast-twitch fibers, there was an increase in CSA in the RTW and RTC groups compared to the ATW (p<0.01 and p<0.01) and ATT groups (p<0.01 and p<0.01). In the slow-twitch fibers, the ATW and ATT groups demonstrated a lower CSA compared to the RTW (p=0.03 and p<0.00) and RTC groups (p<0.01 and p<0.01). In the cardiomyocytes, there was an increase in the area of the RTW and RTC groups compared to groups C (p<0.01; p<0.01), ATW (p=0.02; p<0.01), and ATT (p<0.01; p<0.01). Conclusion The anaerobic training effectively promotes hypertrophy in the fast-twitch fibers and the cardiomyocytes. Level of Evidence V; Animal experimental study.

RESUMO Introdução: o tratamento de fraturas expostas isoladas da diáfise da tíbia (FEIDT) apresenta desafios por frequentemente associar severa lesão óssea com condições ruins de tecido mole, fatores relevantes em países de média e baixa renda, especialmente devido a atrasos na implementação da fixação definitiva e falta de treinamento adequado no manejo de tecidos moles. Consequentemente, FEIDTs representam importante fonte de incapacitação na América Latina. Este estudo objetivou apresentar uma visão geral das FEIDTs em sete hospitais do cone sul da América Latina. O objetivo secundário foi avaliar o seu impacto na qualidade de vida baseado na taxa de retorno ao trabalho (TRT). Métodos: foram incluídos no estudo pacientes com FEIDT tratados em sete hospitais de Brasil e Argentina entre novembro de 2017 e março de 2020. Resultados clínicos e radiográficos foram analisados num período de 120 dias. Avaliação final comparou TRT com o questionário SF-12, consolidação óssea e condições de marcha. Resultados: setenta e dois pacientes foram tratados, 57 seguidos por 120 dias e 48 completaram o questionário SF-12. Após 120 dias, 70,6% havia retornado ao trabalho, 61,4% tinha fratura consolidada. Idade, antibioticoterapia, tipo de tratamento definitivo e infecção influenciaram significativamente na TRT. A condição de marcha apresentou forte correlação com TRT e o componente físico do SF-12. Conclusão: FEIDTs são potencialmente deletérias à qualidade de vida dos pacientes 120 dias após o tratamento inicial. TRT é significativamente maior para pacientes mais jovens, sem história de infecção e que conseguem correr na avaliação da condição de marcha..

ABSTRACT Introduction: open tibial fractures are challenging due to the frequent severe bone injury associated with poor soft tissue conditions. This is relevant in low- and middle-income countries, mainly related to delayed definitive fixation and lack of adequate training in soft tissue coverage procedures. Due to these factors, open tibial fracture is an important source of disability for Latin American countries. Herein we sought to provide an epidemiological overview of isolated open tibial shaft fracture across seven hospitals in southern cone of Latin America. The secondary goal was to assess the impact on quality of life based on return-to-work rate (RWR). Methods: patients with an isolated open tibial shaft fracture treated in seven different hospitals from Brazil and Argentina from November 2017 to March 2020 were included in the study. Clinical and radiographic results were evaluated throughout the 120-day follow-up period. Final evaluation compared RWR with the SF-12 questionnaire, bone healing, and gait status. Results: Seventy-two patients were treated, 57 followed for 120 days and 48 completed the SF-12 questionnaire. After 120 days, 70.6% had returned to work, 61.4% had experienced bone healing. Age, antibiotic therapy, type of definitive treatment, and infection significantly influenced the RWR. Gait status exhibited strong correlations with RWR and SF-12 physical component score. Conclusions: Isolated open tibial shaft fractures are potentially harmful to the patient’s quality of life after 120 days of the initial management. RWR is significantly higher for younger patients, no history of infection, and those who could run in the gait status assessment.