ABSTRACT Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds have attracted great economic interest for their high levels of linoleic and α-linolenic acids. In Brazil, there is a lack of studies on the agronomic characteristics and physiological quality of chia, necessitating research on germination processes and strategies to enhance yield under field conditions. There are no studies assessing the development of seeds with different coat colors in the presence of fungicides. This study aimed to assess the physiological quality of chia seeds as a function of coat color and fungicide treatment. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and six replications. For this, seeds were divided into two groups according to coat color (black and white) and subjected or not to treatment with carboxin + thiram. Germination speed index, germination rate, and shoot length were evaluated in plants sown at 0, 90, and 180 days after seed treatment. Germination rate and speed index differed significantly between coat colors, with white seeds having higher vigor than black seeds. Shoot length, however, differed only for seeds sown on the day of treatment, indicating that treated seeds were more vigorous. Salvia L. L αlinolenic α linolenic acids Brazil conditions fungicides replications this thiram 0 90 18 however vigorous 9 1

ABSTRACT Cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) are essential elements with a fundamental role in biological nitrogen fixation in legumes. Vitamins such as thiamine, despite being required in small quantities, influence plant growth. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of different doses of thiamine applied as seed treatment, combined or not with Co and Mo, in enhancing the development of soybean crops. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse according to a randomized block design with a 6 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising six thiamine doses (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1) in the presence or absence of Co and Mo at the recommended rate of 100 mL ha-1. At 40 days after sowing, plants were analyzed for root length, root dry weight, shoot length, shoot dry weight, nodule number, and nodule dry weight. Principal component analysis showed that combined application of Co and Mo with thiamine was negatively associated with all variables and that the thiamine doses most positively associated with the analyzed variables were 50 and 200 mg kg-1. In treatments containing thiamine alone, there was a linear direct relationship between thiamine dose and nodule dry weight. Root and shoot lengths and dry weights were highest in plants treated with thiamine only at a dose of 122 mg kg-1. Application of Co and Mo combined with thiamine via seed treatment does not promote the development of soybean crops. Thiamine application is a promising treatment to increase shoot length, root dry weight, and nodule dry weight in soybean. (Co (Mo legumes quantities growth crops arrangement 0, 0 (0 10 25 20 kg1 kg 1 kg-1 ha1. ha1 ha 1. ha-1 4 sowing length number 5 kg1. alone 12 ( kg- ha-

ABSTRACT Stress caused by defoliation can compromise the physiological quality of soybean seeds. However, there is evidence that the application of nitrogen (N) can be an alternative to reduce the qualitative losses in seeds caused by defoliating insects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topdressing N fertilization in improving the physiological quality of soybean seeds from plants subjected to artificial defoliation. The experimental design was a randomized block arranged in a 2×4 factorial scheme with four replicates. The treatments consisted of two levels of defoliation (33 and 66%) and four doses of N (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1), using urea (45% N), applied two days after defoliation. Artificial defoliation was performed during the R3 stage by removing one (33%) and two leaflets (66%) from each trifoliate leaf under field conditions. At stage R5.1, leaf area was quantified, and after harvesting, germination, emergence, length, total dry mass, electrical conductivity, total protein content, mass of 1000 seeds, and tetrazolium (vigor and viability) tests were carried out. It was concluded that increasing the defoliation from 33 to 66% impaired the physiological quality of soybean seeds. The use of nitrogen fertilization for coverage after defoliation at the beginning of the reproductive phase cannot minimize qualitative losses in seeds.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to carry out the extraction and chemical characterization of oil from crambe treated with resistance inducers during its cultivation to promote greater efficiency in the defense system of plants. For this purpose, Agromos® and Ecolife® inducers were applied at rates of 0.5 and 1.0 L hectare−1 during crambe cultivation. Crambe seed oil was obtained in a Soxhlet extractor using n-hexane as a solvent and the oils were characterized in terms of fatty acid composition and minority compound contents (phytosterol and tocopherol). The oil obtained from seeds without the application of inducers (control) was also characterized. We determine the oxidative stability of oils with inducer application that presented higher minority compound contents. Crambe seeds that received the treatment with the Agromos® resistance inducer had higher oil content. However, in general, the fatty acid profile of the obtained oils was similar and showed a predominance of erucic and oleic acids (which represent ~82% of the composition). The application of the Agromos® inducer allowed obtaining seeds that provided oil with higher contents of phytosterols and tocopherols and higher oxidative stability. ABSTRACT plants purpose Agromos Ecolife 05 0 5 0. 10 1 1. hectare1 hectare hectare− nhexane n hexane phytosterol tocopherol. tocopherol . tocopherol) control (control content However general which 82 ~82 composition. composition) 8 ~8 ~

ABSTRACT. The screening of cover crops is essential for improving the physical-hydric properties of compacted soils. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mixed or single cover crops on improving the physical-hydric properties of compacted Oxisol. Species with tap-rooted and fibrous-rooted rooting patterns were evaluated. The species included pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), sunn hemp (Crotalaria spectabilis), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), white oat (Avena sativa), black oat (Avena strigosa), rye (Secale cereale), black oat + forage turnip (Raphanus sativus), black oat + white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), and black oat + group pea (Pisum arvense L.). Mixing cover crops did not improve the physical properties of the soil. The tap-rooted pigeon pea effectively reduces bulk density and increases porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in compact soils. The selection of cover crops with characteristics that improve soil physical-hydric properties is crucial for compacted areas.

O estudo dos adubos verdes tem demonstrado um grande potencial na recuperação da produtividade do solo, e dentre as diversas leguminosas usadas como adubo verde, a Crotalária mostra-se muito eficiente como produtora de massa vegetal e como fixadora de nitrogênio. Este experimento foi realizado em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico (LVd), em Selvíria, MS, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da adubação fosfatada e da poda em Crotalaria juncea L. na altura de 100 cm, na produtividade de matéria seca e sementes. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x2 com quatro repetições. As cinco doses de P2O5 foram 0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 kg ha-1. A poda foi realizada aos 60 dias após a emergência de plântulas. Avaliaram-se quinzenalmente a altura de plantas, a cobertura vegetal, a quantidade de matéria verde e seca das plantas, o diâmetro do caule das plantas, o número de ramos de 10 plantas. A análise da qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi realizada: teste de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, pureza física, massa de 1000 sementes. Com a poda e a adubação fosfatada, não foi alterada a produção de matéria seca nem a de grãos de Crotalaria juncea L., mas apenas a qualidade fisiológica das sementes.

Green manure studies have shown a great potential for soil recuperation, the Crotalaria being a very efficient crop in producing residues and fixing nitrogen. This experiment was carried out on a Typic Hapludox, in Selvíria, MS, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the effects of phosphate fertilization in relation to the pruning of Crotalaria juncea L., at the height of 100 cm, in order to obtain an increase of the production of dry matter and seeds. The used design consisted of randomized blocks, in a fatorial outline 5x2, with four replicates. The five P2O5 levels were 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1. The pruning was performed 60 days after plants emerged. Forthnightly the height of plants, vegetative covering, green and dry matter weight plant quantity, diameter of the stem and the number of branches of 10 plants were evaluated. The analysis of the physiologic quality of the seeds was performed through a germination test, accelerated aging, physical purity, and weight of 1000 seeds. With pruning and phosphate fertilization, do not were modify and the dry matter and yield of Crotalaria juncea L. were not altered, but only the seed physiologic quality.