The present study investigated the reliability and sensitivity of a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (wNIRS) device in moderate and heavy exercise intensity domains. On three separate days, eleven males performed an incremental test to exhaustion, and in the following visits, four submaximal constant-load bouts (i.e., test and retest) were performed in the moderate-intensity domain (100 and 130 W) and heavy-intensity domain (160 and 190 W). The local tissue oxygen saturation index (SmO2) and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2) were measured continuously. The absolute SmO2 and V̇O2 values and the change (Δ) from the 3rd to 6th min of exercise were calculated. There was good reliability for SmO2 measurements, as indicated by the high intraclass correlation coefficient analysis (ICC ≥0.84 for all) and low coefficient of variation between the two trials (CV ≤4.1% for all). Steady-state responses were observed for SmO2 and V̇O2 from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two moderate-intensity bouts (P>0.05), whereas SmO2 decreased and V̇O2 increased from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two heavy-intensity bouts (P<0.05). Together, these findings suggested that the SmO2 measured with a wNIRS device is reliable and sensitive to track local metabolic changes provoked by slight increments in exercise intensity. nearinfrared near infrared (wNIRS domains days exhaustion visits constantload constant load i.e., ie i e (i.e. retest moderateintensity 100 (10 13 W heavyintensity 160 (16 19 W. . SmO (SmO2 VO2 VO V O2 O (V̇O2 continuously V̇O Δ (Δ rd th calculated measurements ICC 084 0 84 ≥0.8 all CV 41 4 1 ≤4.1 all. Steadystate Steady state P>0.05, P005 P P>0.05 , 05 (P>0.05) P<0.05. P<0.05 (P<0.05) Together i.e. (i.e 10 (1 16 (SmO (V̇O 08 8 ≥0. ≤4. P00 P>0.0 (P>0.05 P<0.0 (P<0.05 i.e ( ≥0 ≤4 P0 P>0. (P>0.0 P<0. (P<0.0 ≥ ≤ P>0 (P>0. P<0 (P<0. P> (P>0 P< (P<0 (P> (P< (P

Abstract Plants used in traditional medicine offer an affordable new alternative in tissue repair therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 5% Rhizophora mangle cream compared to the 5% dexpanthenol cream in healing open surgical wounds on the upper eyelid. A total of 18 patients were submitted to the experiment and divided into 2 groups with 9 patients each who used topically and daily 5% dexpanthenol cream (control group) or 5% R.mangle cream (intervention group) for 7 days. Clinical, morphometric and histomorphometric analyses of wounds and surgical procedures for skin removal were performed. In the morphometric analysis, all wounds treated with R.mangle and dexpanthenol creams showed complete macroscopic scars, without inflammatory signs and infection free. The skin hydration values in pre and post application periods of the cream were 43.82 ± 43.93 and 62.12 ± 67.40 respectively. The histomorphometric study showed lower values of epithelium distance in R. mangle group and higher in dexpanthenol group with significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). The R.mangle 5% cream proved to be effective in healing wounds of human upper eyelid skin with a significant improvement in epithelization compared to dexpanthenol 5% cream. therapy 5 1 control Rmangle R intervention days Clinical performed analysis scars free 4382 43 82 43.8 4393 93 43.9 6212 62 12 62.1 6740 67 40 67.4 respectively p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 438 4 8 43. 439 621 6 62. 674 67. 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO Este estudo visa padronizar o exame clínico e complementar, mediante a utilização de eletromiografia (EMG) de superfície, para avaliar a função neuromuscular da cauda equina. Primeiramente, foram realizados exames clínicos das caudas e medições EMG em 10 animais saudáveis, sem qualquer interferência ou manipulação da cauda. Esse experimento inicial teve como objetivo estabelecer um padrão de exame clínico e dos resultados de EMG. Os animais sofreram bloqueio do plexo nervoso da cauda no segundo experimento com o uso de agente anestésico. O objetivo compara o exame clínico e os achados EMG entre as caudas anestesiadas e saudáveis. Por fim, dois animais foram utilizados no terceiro experimento, em que foi realizada infiltração periférica dos plexos nervosos da cauda com agente neurolítico. O estudo obteve com sucesso um padrão para o exame clínico de uma cauda equina saudável e estabeleceu um padrão para o exame clínico de uma cauda após infiltração com agentes anestésicos e neurolíticos. Diferenças significativas foram observadas no exame clínico, bem como nos valores EMG antes e após a infiltração local com anestésico (P=0,04) e agente neurolítico (P=0,03). O estudo apresenta um protocolo de exame clínico que utiliza a eletromiografia de superfície como ferramenta diagnóstica para o bloqueio da cauda equina. complementar (EMG Primeiramente 1 saudáveis fim neurolíticos P=0,04 P004 P 0 04 (P=0,04 P=0,03. P003 P=0,03 . 03 (P=0,03) P=0,0 P00 (P=0,0 (P=0,03 P=0, P0 (P=0, P=0 (P=0 P= (P= (P

ABSTRACT This study aims to standardize the clinical and complementary examination using surface electromyography (EMG) to assess the neuromuscular function of the equine tail. Firstly, clinical examinations of the tails and EMG measurements were performed on ten healthy animals without any tail interference or manipulation. This initial experiment aimed to establish a baseline for clinical examination and EMG results. The animals underwent tail nerve plexus blockade in the second experiment using an anesthetic agent. The objective compares the clinical examination and EMG findings between the anesthetized and non-manipulated tails. Finally, two animals were used in the third experiment, where peripheral infiltration of the tail nerve plexuses was performed using a neurolytic agent. The study successfully obtained a pattern for the clinical examination of a healthy equine tail and established a pattern for the clinical examination of a tail after infiltration with anesthetic and neurolytic agents. Significant differences were observed in the clinical examination before and after the application of local anesthesia, as well as in the EMG values before and after local infiltration with anesthetic (P=0.04) and neurolytic agent (P=0.03). The presented study introduces a clinical examination protocol that utilizes surface electromyography as a diagnostic tool for cauda equina block. (EMG Firstly manipulation results nonmanipulated non manipulated Finally agents anesthesia P=0.04 P004 P 0 04 (P=0.04 P=0.03. P003 P=0.03 . 03 (P=0.03) block P=0.0 P00 (P=0.0 (P=0.03 P=0. P0 (P=0. P=0 (P=0 P= (P= (P

ABSTRACT Although rarely reported in veterinary medicine, this article shows three cases of dogs that presented anaphylactic reactions after intravenous administration of meloxicam at therapeutic doses. Three dogs of different breeds and ages were submitted to anesthesia for surgical procedures of ovariohysterectomy and repair of patellar luxation. The animals were classified as ASA I and did not present changes in clinical and laboratory tests. All dogs were anesthetized and monitored by anesthesiologists, with careful multiparametric evaluation. Near the end of the procedures, meloxicam was administered intravenously in all dogs, and the drug used had the same commercial presentation and concentration, but with different lot numbers and with different months. For less than a minute, the animals showed significant hypotension, with pressure values close to 30 mmHg or inaudible by Doppler. The animals had no skin signs, only hypotension and a decrease in heart rate in one of them. All dogs were immediately treated with intravenous ephedrine and atropine in the bradycardic patient. After the emergency treatment, the dogs showed stabilized vital signs, with no complications or need for additional intervention. After the event, the three dogs showed no signs of clinical, behavioral or laboratory changes. medicine doses luxation tests anesthesiologists evaluation concentration months minute 3 Doppler them patient treatment intervention event

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta três casos de cães que apresentaram reações anafiláticas após administração intravenosa de meloxicam em doses terapêuticas, ocorrência menos frequente na medicina veterinária. Três cães de raças e idades distintas foram submetidos à anestesia para realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos de ovário-histerectomia e reparação de luxação patelar. Os animais foram classificados como ASA I, e não manifestaram alterações nos exames clínico e laboratoriais. Todos os cães foram anestesiados e monitorados por anestesiologistas, com avaliação multiparamétrica criteriosa. Próximo ao término dos procedimentos, foi administrado meloxicam pela via intravenosa em todos os cães, sendo usado fármaco com a mesma apresentação comercial e concentração, porém com números de lotes e validade diferentes. Cerca de menos de um minuto, os animais apresentaram hipotensão significativa, com valores pressóricos próximos a 30mmHg ou inaudível pelo Doppler. Não apareceram sinais cutâneos, apenas hipotensão e queda de frequência cardíaca em um deles. Todos os cães foram tratados imediatamente com efedrina intravenosa, e o paciente bradicárdico com atropina. Após o tratamento emergencial, os cães apresentaram sinais vitais estabilizados, sem complicações ou necessidade de intervenção adicional. Após o evento, os três cães não apresentaram sinais de alterações clínicas, comportamentais ou laboratoriais. terapêuticas veterinária ováriohisterectomia ovário histerectomia patelar I laboratoriais anestesiologistas criteriosa concentração diferentes minuto significativa mmHg Doppler cutâneos deles atropina emergencial estabilizados adicional evento clínicas

Resumen Vanilla planifolia es la principal fuente vegetal de vainillina, saborizante de amplia importancia comercial. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, principal patógeno de V. planifolia, ha devastado cultivos enteros a nivel mundial. Vanilla pompona posee resistencia a patógenos comunes del género. Variaciones climáticas extremas repercuten en las interacciones planta-patógeno. A partir del supuesto de que temperaturas superiores a 28 ºC intensifican la infectividad de F. oxysporum en vainilla, se determinó la influencia del incremento de la temperatura en la infectividad de F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (cepa M21C5) en V. planifolia y dos híbridos de V. planifolia x V. pompona. Se inocularon raíces de esquejes de V. planifolia y de los híbridos con suspensiones de esporas del hongo. Se midió el avance de la enfermedad durante 60 días a 25, 30 y 35 ºC. Se emplearon cinco réplicas por tratamiento, incluyendo un lote testigo. Se utilizó ANOVA post hoc Tukey (P ≤ 0.05) para analizar los datos. V. planifolia fue susceptible a 35 °C y altamente susceptible a 25 y 30 °C. Ambos híbridos mostraron resistencia al patógeno en las temperaturas evaluadas. Por la resistencia mostrada, los híbridos de V. planifolia x V. pompona son una alternativa viable ante el patógeno.

Abstract Vanilla planifolia is the main vegetable source of vanillin, a flavoring of wide commercial importance. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, the main V. planifolia pathogen, has devastated whole crops worldwide. Vanilla pompona possesses resistance to common genus pathogens. Extreme climatic variations affect the plant-pathogen interactions. Based on the assumption that temperatures above 28 ºC will intensify the infectivity of F. oxysporum in vanilla, we determined the influence of the increase in temperature on the infectivity of F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (strain M21C5) in V. planifolia and two hybrids of V. planifolia x V. pompona. Root cuttings from hybrids 1 and 2 (V. pompona x V. planifolia) and V. planifolia were inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae spore suspensions. Disease progression was measured for 60 days at 25, 30 and 35 °C. Five replicates per treatment were used, including a control group. ANOVA post hoc Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05) was used for data analysis. V. planifolia was susceptible at 35 °C and highly susceptible at 25 and 30 °C. Both hybrids were resistant to the pathogen at the evaluated temperatures. Due to the resistance, it was shown that V. planifolia x V. pompona hybrids are a viable alternative to the pathogen.

ABSTRACT We report a case of urethral obstruction due to seminal vesiculitis in a Dorper sheep, with symptoms of anuria, rectal prolapse, orchitis/epididymitis, and uroperitoneum and biochemical tests indicating severe azotemia. The animal died due to advanced azotemia, and necropsy revealed kidneys with cortical and medullary necrosis, pyelonephritis of renal calyces, hydronephrosis, ruptured and necrotic bladder, and vesicular, bulbourethral, and ampoule accessory sex glands. There was prostate hyperplasia that revealed a large amount of pus in the cross section, which was also observed bilaterally in the epididymis and right testis. Morphotintorial and biochemical analyses of bacteria obtained from microbiological culture revealed Corynebacterium sp. and Escherichia coli. Infection, hyperplasia, and abscessation of accessory sex glands caused urethral compression, resulting in an obstructive condition, similar to urolithiasis, in addition to bacteremia. Hyperplastic seminal vesiculitis, although rare, must be included among the differential diagnoses of obstructive processes in the urinary tract of sheep. sheep anuria prolapse orchitisepididymitis orchitis epididymitis orchitis/epididymitis azotemia necrosis calyces hydronephrosis bladder vesicular bulbourethral section testis sp coli Infection compression condition urolithiasis bacteremia rare

RESUMO Relata-se um caso de obstrução uretral decorrente de vesiculite seminal em carneiro da raça Dorper, com quadro de anúria, prolapso retal, orquite/epididimite e uroperitôneo, com exames bioquímicos indicativos de severa azotemia. Devido ao quadro avançado de azotemia, o animal faleceu e, na necropsia, foi observado:: rins com necrose de cortical e medular, pielonefrite dos cálices renais e hidronefrose, bexiga rompida e necrosada, assim como glândulas sexuais acessórias vesiculares, bulbouretrais e ampola. Havia hiperplasia de próstata que, ao corte transversal, revelou grande quantidade de pus, que também foi observado bilateralmente no epidídimo e no testículo direito. As análises morfotintoriais e bioquímicas das bactérias obtidas a partir do cultivo microbiológico foram compatíveis com Corynebacterium sp. e Escherichia coli. A infecção, a hiperplasia e a abscedação das glândulas sexuais acessória, causaram compressão uretral, levando a um quadro obstrutivo, semelhante à urolitíase, somado à bacteremia. A vesiculite seminal hiperplásica, apesar de rara, deve ser incluída entre os diagnósticos diferenciais dos processos obstrutivos do trato urinário de carneiros. Relatase Relata se Dorper anúria retal orquiteepididimite orquite epididimite uroperitôneo azotemia necropsia observado: medular hidronefrose necrosada vesiculares ampola transversal pus direito sp coli infecção acessória obstrutivo urolitíase bacteremia hiperplásica rara carneiros

ABSTRACT Lymphoma is the most common lymphoproliferative disorder in cats. However, cutaneous lymphomas are uncommon in this species and can be classified as epitheliotropic or non-epitheliotropic. Epitheliotropic lymphomas are typically of T-cells and have tropism for epidermis and/or adnexal epithelium. Non-epitheliotropic lymphomas can be of either T-cell or B-cell and involve predominantly the dermis. The present study describes a case of multifocal cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma. The skin nodules were multiple and variable in size, alopecic and erythematous in appearance and randomly distributed. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for the CD3 antigen, consistent with T-lymphocytes. This neoplasm should be remembered whenever multiple cutaneous nodules are observed in cats. cats However nonepitheliotropic. nonepitheliotropic non epitheliotropic. non-epitheliotropic Tcells T cells andor epithelium Nonepitheliotropic Non Tcell cell Bcell B dermis lymphoma size distributed CD antigen Tlymphocytes. Tlymphocytes lymphocytes. lymphocytes T-lymphocytes

RESUMO Linfoma é o distúrbio linfoproliferativo mais comumente observado em gatos. Contudo, linfomas cutâneos são incomuns nessa espécie e podem ser classificados como epiteliotrópico ou não epiteliotrópico. Linfomas epiteliotrópicos são tipicamente originários de células T e têm tropismo pela epiderme e/ou pelo epitélio anexial. Linfomas não epiteliotrópicos podem ser originários de células T ou B e envolvem predominantemente a derme. No presente trabalho, descreve-se um caso de linfoma cutâneo multifocal anaplásico de grandes células T em um gato. Os nódulos cutâneos eram múltiplos, de dimensões variáveis, alopécicos, eritematosos e aleatoriamente distribuídos. A imuno-histoquímica revelou positividade para CD3, sendo consistente com origem em linfócitos T. Essa neoplasia deve ser lembrada sempre que forem observados nódulos cutâneos múltiplos em gatos. gatos Contudo eou anexial derme trabalho descrevese descreve se gato variáveis alopécicos distribuídos imunohistoquímica imuno histoquímica CD3 CD

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo relatar a ocorrência de um caso de mastite bubalina ocasionada por Chromobacterium violaceum. Foram coletados 4,0mL de leite de cada teto mamário de uma búfala da raça Murrah. As amostras foram semeadas em ágar base enriquecido com 7% de sangue ovino desfibrinado. As leituras foram realizadas 24, 48 e 72 horas pós-incubação. Apenas o teto anterior direito apresentou crescimento de colônias de coloração violeta-escura. Microscopicamente, observaram-se bacilos Gram negativos. A confirmação da espécie foi realizada pelo sistema VITEK 2 - Compact®, sendo identificada como Chromobacterium violaceum. Essa bactéria apresentou sensibilidade a ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, sulfazotrim e tetraciclina e resistência a ceftiofur, eritromicina e penicilina G. O tratamento foi realizado com ciprofloxacina e gentamicina, apresentando resposta positiva. Estudos dessa natureza reforçam a importância desse comunicado para a sociedade, além de incentivar pesquisas contínuas e periódicas sobre sanidade da espécie bubalina, controle de qualidade que seus produtos e subprodutos estão sendo oferecidos ao mercado e conhecimento sobre infecções bacterianas raras, fortalecendo a adesão de exames microbiológicos, como lactocultura e antibiograma. Diante do exposto, registra-se a ocorrência de um caso de mastite bubalina ocasionada pela bactéria Chromobacterium violaceum. Objetivouse Objetivou se violaceum 40mL mL 4 0mL Murrah 7 desfibrinado 24 pósincubação. pósincubação pós incubação. incubação pós-incubação violetaescura. violetaescura violeta escura. escura violeta-escura Microscopicamente observaramse observaram negativos Compact Compact® gentamicina ceftiofur G positiva sociedade raras microbiológicos antibiograma exposto registrase registra

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a suplementação com diferentes níveis de selênio (Se) pode alterar os componentes bioquímicos e eletrolíticos do sêmen, ocasionando, por conseguinte, uma melhoria na qualidade seminal em carneiros. Foram utilizados 30 animais, mantidos em sistema intensivo de baias, alimentados com feno e ração comercial, sendo alocados em cinco grupos (seis animais/baia) e suplementados com uma mistura mineral contendo 0mg (G1), 5mg (G2), 10mg (G3), 15mg (G4) e 20mg (G5) de Se/kg. Cada grupo recebeu um tratamento diferente a cada 56 dias, e foi realizado um rodízio de tratamentos entre os grupos seguindo uma sequência dinâmica. Amostras de sêmen foram colhidas por eletroejaculação após o fim de cada tratamento, a fim de se avaliarem os níveis de frutose, ácido cítrico, potássio (K), sódio (Na), cálcio (Ca), Se, zinco (Zn), manganês (Mn), enxofre (S) e chumbo (Pb). O desenho estatístico foi um quadrado latino 5x5. Os diferentes níveis de suplementação de Se avaliados mantiveram as concentrações de eletrólitos e de minerais do sêmen nos níveis exigidos e não modificaram a qualidade espermática, concluindo-se que maiores ingestões de Se não causam efeitos antagônicos na absorção e subsequente ação de outros minerais essenciais fornecidos aos animais e ainda mantêm o equilíbrio eletrolítico.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate whether supplementation with different levels of selenium (Se) can change the biochemical and electrolytic components of semen, causing an improvement in seminal quality in rams. Thirty animals were kept in an intensive pen system, fed with hay and commercial ration, allocated into five groups (six animals/pen) and supplemented with a mineral mixture containing 0mg (G1), 5mg (G2), 10mg (G3), 15mg (G4) and 20mg (G5) of Se/kg. Each group received a different treatment every 56 days and treatments were rotated between groups following a dynamic sequence. Semen samples were collected by electroejaculation after the end of each treatment to evaluate the levels of fructose, citric acid, potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), Se, zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), sulfur (S) and lead (Pb). The statistical design was a 5x5 Latin square. The different levels of Se supplementation evaluated maintained the concentrations of electrolytes and minerals in the semen at the required levels and did not change the sperm quality, concluding that higher intakes of Se do not cause antagonistic effects on the absorption and subsequent action of other essential minerals supplied to the animals and still maintains electrolyte balance.

RESUMO Os marsupiais estão envolvidos no ciclo de vida de vários patógenos de interesse médico e veterinário. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais em marsupiais capturados em fragmentos da Mata Atlântica, estado de Sergipe, nordeste do Brasil. De junho de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, marsupiais foram capturados usando-se armadilhas, e foram obtidas amostras fecais frescas após defecação espontânea. Os animais foram identificados morfometricamente e as fezes analisadas pela técnica FLOTAC. Foram capturados 88 animais, sendo 37 Marmosops incanus, 30 Marmosa demerarae, 20 Didelphis albiventris e 01 Marmosa murina. A espécie mais parasitada foi D. albiventris (45,95%) seguida de M. incanus (43,24%) e M. demerarae (23,3%). No geral, ovos de helmintos foram detectados em 47,72% (42/88) das amostras, enquanto oocistos de protozoários em 32,95% (29/88). Ovos de Ancylostoma sp. predominaram sobre outros parasitos. Este estudo aponta para a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais e contribui para um melhor entendimento do parasitismo em marsupiais que vivem em fragmentos florestais da Mata Atlântica.

Cisplatin is an effective antineoplastic agent, but its use is limited by its nephrotoxicity caused by the oxidative stress in tubular epithelium of nephrons. On the other hand, regular exercise provides beneficial adaptations in different tissues and organs. As with many drugs, dosing is extremely important to get the beneficial effects of exercise. Thus, we aimed to investigate the influence of exercise intensity and frequency on cisplatin-induced (20 mg/kg) renal damage in mice. Forty male Swiss mice were divided into five experimental groups (n=8 per group): 1) sedentary; 2) low-intensity forced swimming, three times per week; 3) high-intensity forced swimming, three times per week; 4) low-intensity forced swimming, five times per week; and 5) high-intensity forced swimming, five times per week. Body composition, renal structure, functional indicators (plasma urea), lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity, expression of genes related to antioxidant defense, and inflammatory and apoptotic pathways were evaluated. Comparisons considered exercise intensity and frequency. High lipid peroxidation was observed in the sedentary group compared with trained mice, regardless of exercise intensity and frequency. Groups that trained three times per week showed more benefits, as reduced tubular necrosis, plasma urea, expression of CASP3 and Rela (NFkB subunit-p65) genes, and increased total glutathione peroxidase activity. No significant difference in Nfe2l2 (Nrf2) gene expression was observed between groups. Eight weeks of regular exercise training promoted nephroprotection against cisplatin-mediated oxidative injury. Exercise frequency was critical for nephroprotection.

We examined whether endurance performance and neuromuscular fatigue would be affected by caffeine ingestion during closed- and open-loop exercises. Nine cyclists performed a closed-loop (4,000-m cycling time trial) and an open-loop exercise (work rate fixed at mean power of the closed-loop trial) 60 min after ingesting caffeine (CAF, 5 mg/kg) or placebo (PLA, cellulose). Central and peripheral fatigue was quantified via pre- to post-exercise decrease in quadriceps voluntary activation and potentiated twitch force, respectively. Test sensitivity for detecting caffeine-induced improvements in exercise performance was calculated as the mean change in time divided by the error of measurement. Caffeine ingestion reduced the time of the closed-loop trial (PLA: 375.1±14.5 s vs CAF: 368.2±14.9 s, P=0.024) and increased exercise tolerance during the open-loop trial (PLA: 418.2±99.5 s vs CAF: 552.5±106.5 s, P=0.001), with similar calculated sensitivity indices (1.5, 90%CI: 0.7-2.9 vs 2.8, 90%CI: 1.9-5.1). The reduction in voluntary activation was more pronounced (P=0.019) in open- (-6.8±8.3%) than in closed-loop exercises (-1.9±4.4%), but there was no difference between open- and closed-loop exercises for the potentiated twitch force reduction (-25.6±12.8 vs -26.6±12.0%, P>0.05). Caffeine had no effect on central and peripheral fatigue development in either mode of exercise. In conclusion, caffeine improved endurance performance in both modes of exercise without influence on post-exercise central and peripheral fatigue, with the open-loop exercise imposing a greater challenge to central fatigue tolerance.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a relevant physiological variable for the estimation of cardiac autonomic function. Although the gold standard for HRV registration is the electrocardiogram (ECG), several applications (APPs) have been increasingly developed. The evaluation carried out by these devices must be compatible with ECG standards. The aim of this study was to compare the data obtained simultaneously with ECG and APP with chest heart rate transmitters. Fifty-six healthy individuals (28 men and 28 women) were evaluated at rest through a short simultaneous HRV measurement with both devices. Data from both acquisition systems were analyzed separately using their own analysis software and exported and analyzed using a validated software. Signal recordings were compatible between the two acquisition systems (Pearson r=0.99; P<0.0001). Although a high correlation was found for the HRV variables obtained in the time domain (Spearman r=0.99; P<0.0001), the correlation decreased in the frequency domain (Pearson r=0.85; P<0.0001) when two software programs were used. Comparison of the averages of spectral analysis parameters also showed differences when HRV data were analyzed separately in each device for low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands. Although the portability of these mobile devices allows for optimal HRV evaluation, the direct analysis obtained from these devices must be carefully evaluated with respect to frequency domain parameters.

RESUMO Yersinia enterocolitica é uma bactéria com potencial zoonótico, e não há informações desse agente como causa de abortamento em equinos. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de sepse por Y. enterocolitica em um feto equino abortado aos sete meses. O feto foi submetido à necropsia, e amostras de todos os órgãos foram processadas para histopatologia. Para microbiologia, foram coletadas amostras de fígado, pulmão, placenta e conteúdo estomacal. Macroscopicamente, observou-se fígado aumentado com coloração amarelada heterogênea; coração com áreas pálidas no miocárdio; pulmões não colabados, pesados e brilhantes; e cordão umbilical espessado e recoberto por fibrina e pus. Na análise histopatológica, havia miocardite necrossupurativa multifocal moderada e trombose, broncopneumonia supurativa difusa moderada, hepatite fibrinonecrótica multifocal discreta e onfalite necrossupurativa difusa moderada com miríades bacterianas intralesionais e trombose. Observou-se também placentite, nefrite, miosite, cistite e dermatite supurativa multifocal discreta, além de rarefação linfoide difusa discreta. A avaliação microbiológica identificou Y. enterocolitica no fígado, no pulmão e no líquido estomacal. Este é o primeiro relato de sepse por Y. enterocolitica causando abortamento na espécie equina. Essa bactéria tem importância zoonótica, portanto deve ser investigada em casos de abortamento nessa espécie, servindo como diagnóstico diferencial em tal distúrbio reprodutivo.

ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica is a bacterium with zoonotic potential and there are no previous records of this bacteria being isolated from aborted foals. This report aims to describe a case of sepsis due to Y. enterocolitica in a seven month old aborted equine. The fequinoetus was submitted to necropsy and samples of all the organs were collected for the histological exam. Samples of liver, lung, placenta, and stomach contents were collected for bacterial culture. Macroscopically, the liver was enlarged with yellowish heterogeneous color, heart with pale myocardial areas; lungs not collapsed, heavy and shiny, thickened umbilical cord covered with fibrin and pus. Histopathologically, there was moderate multifocal necrosuppurative myocarditis and thrombosis, moderate diffuse suppurative bronchopneumonia, mild multifocal fibrinonecrotic hepatitis, and moderate diffuse necrosuppurative omphalitis with intralesional bacterial myriads and thrombosis. Mild multifocal suppurative placentitis, nephritis, myositis, cystitis, and dermatitis were also observed, in addition to mild diffuse lymphoid rarefaction. The microbiological evaluation identified Y. enterocolitica in the liver, lung, and stomach fluid. This is the first report of sepsis due to Y. enterocolitica causing an abortion in a horse. This bacterium has zoonotic importance; therefore, it should be investigated in abortion in this species, serving as a differential diagnosis in reproductive disorders.

The present study compared the effects of a footwear designed to enhance energy return (thermoplastic polyurethane, TPU) vs minimalist shoes on running economy (RE) and endurance performance. In this counterbalanced and crossover design study, 11 recreational male runners performed two submaximal constant-speed running tests and two 3-km time-trials with the two shoe models. Oxygen uptake was measured during submaximal constant-speed running tests in order to determine the RE at 12 km/h and oxygen cost of running (CTO2) at individual average speed sustained during the 3-km running time-trials wearing either of the two shoes. Our results revealed that RE was improved (2.4%) with TPU shoes compared with minimalist shoes (P=0.01). However, there was no significant difference for CTO2 (P=0.61) and running performance (P=0.52) comparing the TPU (710±60 s) and the minimalist (718±63 s) shoe models. These novel findings demonstrate that shoes with enhanced mechanical energy return (i.e. TPU) produced a lower energy cost of running at low (i.e., 12 km/h) but not at high speeds (i.e., average speed sustained during the 3-km running time-trial, ∼15 km/h), ultimately resulting in similar running performance compared to the minimalist shoe.