ABSTRACT Caatinga is a biome unique to Brazil, where degradation caused by anthropogenic actions has led to loss of biodiversity and put many species at risk of extinction. The Ceará state is located within the Caatinga and has a rich avifauna. It comprises 433 species, including 13 species that are in danger of extinction, which are found in the Baturité Massif. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and diversity of enterobacteria in wild birds and determine their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Cloacal swab samples were collected from 50 individuals of 28 different species, including the Ceara Gnatheter (Conopophaga cearae) and the Red-necked Tanager (Tangara cyanocephala), which are classified as vulnerable (VU) by the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment. A total of 55 isolates belonging to 14 different species of Enterobacteriaceae were identified. Among them, Pantoea agglomerans and Escherichia coli were the most prevalent species with isolation rates of 36% and 26%, respectively. The highest rate of antimicrobial resistance found was to ampicillin (41.8%), followed by nalidixic acid (36.3%) and amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid (32.7%). Drugs that presented best efficacy were tobramycin (96.4%), ciprofloxacin (92.6%), and tetracycline (90.9%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 23.5% of the analyzed strains. This research provides important information about the composition of the cloacal microbiota of wild birds in Mulungu, Brazil, as well as their health status. Additionally, these results demonstrate that they harbor multidrug-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the vascular effects of photobiomodulation using a light-emitting diode on the chorioallantoic embryonic membrane of chicken eggs grouped into different times of exposure and to detect the morphological changes induced by the light on the vascular network architecture using quantitative metrics. Methods: We used a phototherapy device with light-emitting diode (670 nm wavelength) as the source of photobiomodulation. We applied the red light at a distance of 2.5 cm to the surface of the chorioallantoic embryonic membrane of chicken eggs in 2, 4, or 8 sessions for 90 s and analyzed the vascular network architecture using AngioTool software (National Cancer Institute, USA). We treated the negative control group with 50 μl phosphate-buffered-saline (pH 7.4) and the positive control group (Beva) with 50 μl bevacizumab solution (Avastin, Produtos Roche Químicos e Farmacêuticos, S.A., Brazil). Results: We found a decrease in total vessel length in the Beva group (24.96% ± 12.85%) and in all the groups that received 670 nm red light therapy (2× group, 34.66% ± 8.66%; 4× group, 42.42% ± 5.26%; 8× group, 38.48% ± 6.96%), compared with the negative control group. The fluence of 5.4 J/cm2 in 4 sessions (4×) showed more regular vessels. The number of junctions in the groups that received a higher incidence of 670 nm red light (4× and 8×) significantly decreased (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Photo-biomodulation helps reduce vascularization in chorioallantoic embryonic membrane of chicken eggs and changes in the network architecture. Our results open the possibility of future clinical studies on using this therapy in patients with retinal diseases with neovascular components, especially age-related macular degeneration.

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar os efeitos vasculares da foto-biomodulação com diodo emissor de luz utilizando membrana embrionária corioalantóide de ovos de galinhas em grupos com diferentes tempos de exposição e detectar as alterações morfológicas por meio de métricas quantitativas promovidas pela luz na arquitetura da rede vascular. Métodos: Um aparelho de fototerapia com diodo emissor de luz no comprimento de onda de 670 nm foi usado como fonte de fotobiomodulação. A luz vermelha foi aplicada a uma distância de 2,5 cm da superfície da membrana embrionária corioalantóide em 2, 4 ou 8 sessões de 90 s a arquitetura da rede vascular foi analisada por meio do software AngioTool (National Cancer Institute, USA). Usamos um grupo controle negativo tratado com 50 µL de solução salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS) pH 7,4 e um grupo controle positivo (Beva) tratado com 50 µL de solução de bevacizumabe (Avastin, Produtos Roche Químicos e Farmacêuticos S.A., Brasil). Resultados: Uma diminuição no comprimento total do vaso foi detectada para o grupo Beva (24,96 ± 12,85%), e para todos os grupos que receberam terapia de luz vermelha de 670 nm, 34,66 ± 8,66% (2x), 42,42 ± 5,26% (4x) e 38,48 ± 6,96% (8x) em comparação ao grupo controle. A incidência de 5,4 J/cm2 em 4 sessões (4x) mostrou vasos mais regulares. A redução foi mais intensa nos grupos que receberam maior incidência de luz vermelha de 670 nm (4x e 8x). Conclusão: A fotobiomodulação contribui para a redução da vascularização nos vasos da membrana embrionária corioalantóide de ovos de galinhas e mudanças na arquitetura da rede. Os achados deste experimento abrem a possibilidade de considerar um estudo clínico usando esta terapia em pacientes com doenças retinais com componentes neovasculares, especialmente degeneração macular relacionada à idade.

ABSTRACT This work aimed at investigating the viability of near infrared spectrometry (NIR), associated with chemometric methods, in order to identify differences at the levels of vigor of naturally and artificially aged soybean seeds. Seeds of six soybean genotypes were analyzed when freshly harvested, after natural aging in storage for eight months, and after artificial aging at the temperature of 41 °C for 96 hours. The seed moisture content, germination potential and vigor were evaluated. Also, there were measured the content of protein, oil and of the fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic. The NIR spectra were obtained from the freeze-dried and grinded seeds. The natural and artificial aging of the seeds promote deterioration at distinct levels, reflecting in differences in seed vigor. The regions of the electromagnetic spectrum between wavelengths of 1000-1200 nm, 1350-1450 nm, 1800-1900 nm and 2300-2400 nm are important to distinguish the levels of quality of the soybean seeds. The contents of oil and protein have a relationship with the physiological quality of the seeds. Also, the most relevant wavelengths for the classification of seed vigor present a relationship with these compounds. NIR spectroscopy, in combination with chemometric methods, presents potential to be used in the classification of soybean seeds regarding their physiological quality.

Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) pulp presents a large number of secondary metabolites that can mediate the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles through a greener and more sustainable synthetic route than traditional ones. This study investigated the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by aqueous extracts of tucumã pulp assessing different parameters, such as temperature, concentration of extract, and pH values of the reaction media. The alkaline reaction media produced the most intense and well-defined bands around 400 nm in the electronic spectra, indicating the formation of AgNPs in the three concentrations of tucumã pulp evaluated. The increase in the temperature of the reaction media also enhanced the surface plasmon resonance band of AgNPs but it increased the polydispersivity of produced nanoparticles according to the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data. Zeta potential results indicated moderate stability of the AgNPs (close to -30 mV). Antimicrobial assessment of the colloidal metal particles indicated microbicide activity against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterium.

This work describes a green synthesis, the characterization, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs suspension was synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus grandis, which presented a characteristic band at 407 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The AgNPs presented a spherical shape and size of 9.7 ± 0.3 nm. The nanoparticles were stable over a month, indicating that E. grandis’ extract is suitable for their preparation and stabilization. The X-ray analysis showed that the crystallinity of AgNPs corresponded to the centered face phase of silver. The antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of AgNPs were evaluated. The AgNPs presented antibacterial activity on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli at 53.9 µg mL-1. The leishmanicidal activity evaluation against promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis showed that the biological response is dependent on the volume of AgNP suspension. It was demonstrated that L. infantum was more sensitive to the nanoparticle’s treatment than L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The treatment of L infantum promastigotes with 150 µL of AgNP suspension reduced parasite growth by 67.9%, a result which was similar to the treatment with 1 (66.7%) or 2 µL (70.6%) of amphotericin B used as a positive control.

In this work, cellulose-based composite biofilms doped with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been produced by eco-friendly process. The AgNPs were synthesized from Ilex paraguariensis with an average size of 45 nm, a characteristic plasmon band at 450 nm and zeta potential of -23 mV. The biofilm has been synthesized by casting method, using different volumes of AgNPs suspension with glycerol plasticizing agent (T6-T10) or not (T1-T5). The AgNPs were successfully incorporated into the biofilms, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical and optical structural and the antimicrobial properties of the biofilms have been determined. In the presence of AgNPs, the mechanical properties, thermal stability and water vapor barrier of the biofilms have not been altered. However, the addition of glycerol decreased the tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity, in addition to increasing the elongation of the biofilms and the water vapor barrier. The biofilm T10 showed a transmittance of ca. 10%, with high potential to be used as a UV light blocker. Finally, the biofilms doped with AgNPs showed activity against the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Given the above, this work presented a new biofilm with activity against the bacterium Pseudomonus fluorescens obtained by eco-friendly process.

Abstract: Image analysis techniques are expanding in agriculture and, for being fast, simple, and not destroying samples, they are interesting alternatives in the detection of immature rice seeds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of rice seeds using X-ray, multispectral and chlorophyll fluorescence image analysis techniques. Initially, with the seeds identified and numbered, radiographic images were obtained to determine the free space (area between the endosperm + embryo and the glumes). Subsequently, with the same seeds used in the X-ray, multispectral and chlorophyll fluorescence images were acquired, and then the computerized seedling analysis was performed with the SVIS® software. It was concluded that rice seeds that do not germinate or originate abnormal seedlings have free space equal to or greater than 18.68%, higher reflectance in the spectral bands with wavelength from 590 nm to 780 nm (41.46% to 64.21%, respectively) and in the band of 970 nm (75.65%), in addition to having chlorophyll fluorescence values equal to or greater than 40.58 and 112.92 at excitation/emission energies of 630/700 nm and 645/700 nm, respectively.

Resumo: As técnicas de análise de imagens apresentam-se em expansão na agricultura e por consistirem em avaliações rápidas, simples e não destrutivas, são alternativas interessantes para a detecção de sementes de arroz imaturas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de sementes de arroz utilizando as técnicas de análise de imagens de raios X, multiespectrais e de fluorescência de clorofila. Inicialmente, com as sementes identificadas e enumeradas, foram obtidas imagens radiográficas para a obtenção do espaço vazio (área entre o endosperma + embrião e as glumelas). Posteriormente, com as mesmas sementes utilizadas na análise de raios X, procedeu-se a aquisição das imagens multiespectrais e de fluorescência de clorofila. Na sequência, realizou-se a análise computadorizada de plântulas com o software SVIS ®. Concluiu-se que as sementes de arroz que não germinam ou originam plântulas anormais apresentam espaço vazio interno igual ou superior a 18,68%, maior reflectância nas bandas espectrais de comprimento de onda de 590 nm a 780 nm (41,46% a 64,21%, respectivamente) e na banda de 970 nm (75,65%), além de apresentarem valores de fluorescência de clorofila iguais ou superiores a 40,58 e a 112,92, respectivamente nas energias de excitação/emissão de 630/700 nm e de 645/700 nm.

Abstract Background Use of endolaser for chronic venous disease involves choosing the laser wavelength and optical fiber to use and the quantity of energy to be administered. Efficacy is assessed by the venous occlusion rate and safety is evaluated in terms of side effects. Objectives To determine the incidence of total post-endolaser saphenous vein occlusion at 1-year follow-up. To describe side effects and their incidence and rates of reintervention or supplementary treatment during the postoperative period. Methods A retrospective, observational cohort study with a quantitative approach, enrolling patients with saphenous vein incompetence treated with intravenous 1,470 nm laser ablation. Data were input to an MS Excel 2019 spreadsheet, calculating means and standard deviations with the software’s Power Query supplement. Results 38 patients and 104 venous segments were eligible for the study. 100% were occluded at 30 days and 99.04% were still occluded at 1 year after the procedure. Mean Linear Endovenous Energy Density administered to the internal saphenous vein was 2,040.52 W/cm/s with standard deviation of ± 1,510.06 W/cm/s and 1,168.4 W/cm/s with standard deviation of ± 665.011 W/cm/s was administered to the external saphenous vein. Pain along the saphenous path was the most common side effect, with eight cases (21.05%), followed by one case of paresthesia (2.63%). Conclusions The total occlusion rate at 1-year follow-up suggests the technique is promising and is currently applicable in this sample. The incidence of pain and paresthesia may be caused by the high mean energy delivered in some cases. It is recommended that multicenter studies be conducted with larger and more uniform samples in terms of their Clinical-Etiological-Anatomical-Pathological classifications.

Resumo Contexto O uso do endolaser para doença venosa crônica envolve a escolha do comprimento de onda, fibra óptica e energia dispensada. Sua eficácia é avaliada pela taxa de oclusão venosa e, a segurança, pelos efeitos colaterais. Objetivos Demonstrar a incidência de oclusões venosas totais de veias safenas pós-endolaser no seguimento de 1 ano. Descrever a incidência e os efeitos colaterais e a necessidade de reintervenção ou complemento da terapêutica no pós-operatório. Métodos Estudo observacional retrospectivo de uma coorte com abordagem quantitativa de pacientes com insuficiência das veias safenas tratados com laser ablação endovenosa de 1.470 nm. Dados cadastrados em planilha MS Excel 2019, com cálculos de médias e desvios padrão pelo suplemento Power Query do Software. Resultados Foram elegíveis para o estudo 38 pacientes e 104 segmentos venosos, dos quais 100% estavam ocluídos em 30 dias e 99,04% em 1 ano pós-procedimento. O Linear Endovenous Energy Density médio para safena interna foi de 2.040,52 W/cm/s com desvio padrão ± 1.510,06 W/cm/s e 1.168,4 W/cm/s com desvio padrão de ± 665,011 W/cm/s para safena externa. Dor no trajeto da safena foi o principal efeito colateral, com oito casos (21,05%), seguido de parestesia, com um caso (2,63%). Conclusões Taxa de oclusão total no seguimento de 1 ano sugerindo técnica promissora e com atual aplicabilidade na amostra. A incidência da dor e parestesia podem ser justificadas pela alta média de energia utilizada em alguns casos. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos multicêntricos, com amostras maiores e mais homogêneas em relação à classificação Clínica-Etiológica-Anatômica-Patológica.

ABSTRACT Global consumption of oilseeds has been growing progressively in the last five growing seasons, in which soybean represents 60% of this sector. Thus, in order to maintain a high production in the region of Rio Verde, State of Goiás, against the phytopathological problems, this study aimed to define the best spectral range for the detection of H. glycines and P. brachyurus by linear regressions in soybean at R3 stage, as well as the elaboration of mathematical models through multiple linear regressions. For this, soil and root were sampled in the experimental area, as well as a flight was performed with the Sentera sensor. Data were used for the elaboration of regressions and for the validation of 2 mathematical models. Significant values were observed in simple linear regression only for cysts, in the visible range, with a good R² value for the Green, Red and 568 nm bands, to nonviable cysts. When working with the stepwise statistics, better results are found for H. glycines, which now has an R²(aj) of 0.7430 and P. brachyurus is then detected. From the mathematical model obtained with the multiple linear regression for non-viable cysts with an R²(aj) of 0.7430, it is possible to detect the spatial distribution of nematodes across the soybean field, in order to perform a localized management, optimizing the applications. Good results are also possible using the mathematical model obtained by simple linear regression.

Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a polymer material that exhibits piezoelectricity, which is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. Electrospun nanofibers were prepared from a solution with 1800 mg PVDF (18 wt.%) powder dissolved in 7.5 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF) and 2.5 ml acetone. The experimental setup used in the electrostatic deposition process was developed in our laboratory. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed that the fibers vary from 100 nm to 200 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements showed distributed and well-formed nanofibers, but with few incidences of beads. The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) results showed that all points of the formed nanofibers have very similar chemical compositions, based on carbon and fluorine. Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic analysis revealed the characteristic bands related to β-phase in the sample, which is responsible for the piezoelectricity of PVDF.

ABSTRACT: This study applied spectroradiometry techniques with hyperspectral data to identify the correlations between sugarcane leaf reflectance and the contents of Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg). During the harvests 2019/20 and 2020/21, sugarcane was introduced to nutritional stress by the application of limestone doses. Liming was applied in a fractional way and, at the end of five years, the amounts corresponded to 0, 9, 15 and 21 t ha-1 of dolomitic limestone. The leaf hyperspectral reflectance data and the state of nutrients in the exponential growth phase of the culture were registered. The wavelengths correlated with N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg were identified using the Spearman’s correlation analysis. The test of similarity (ANOSIM) and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate data variability, as well as the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) for the prediction of the nutritional contents. The order of the degree of correlation in the region of visible was: P > K > N > Ca > S > Mg and for the region of the near infrared: P > K > Ca > N > S > Mg. P presented peaks with high correlations in the wavelengths 706-717 nm (-0.78) and 522-543 nm (-0.76). The values of the PLSR registered the best spectral responses in the region of VIS and red-edge, regions that are more sensitive to the deficiency of sulfur, potassium and phosphorus.

RESUMO: Este estudo aplicou técnicas de espectrorradiometria com dados hiperespectrais para identificar as relações da reflectância foliar da cana-de-açúcar com os teores de Nitrogênio (N), Fósforo (P), Potássio (K), Enxofre (S), Cálcio (Ca) e Magnésio (Mg). Durante as safras 2019/20 e 2020/21 a cana foi induzida ao estresse nutricional a partir da aplicação de doses de calcário. A calagem foi aplicada de forma fracionada e ao final de cinco anos as quantidades corresponderam a 0, 9, 15 e 21 t ha-1 de calcário do tipo dolomítico. Foram registrados os dados de reflectância hiperespectral da folha e o estado de nutrientes na fase de exponencial crescimento da cultura. Os comprimentos de onda correlacionados ao N, P, K, S, Ca e Mg foram identificados usando análise de correlação de Spearman. Aplicou-se o teste de similaridade (ANOSIM) e Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) para avaliar a variabilidade dos dados, assim como, a Regressão por Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLRS) para a predição dos teores nutricionais. A ordem do grau de correlação na região do visível foi: P > K > N > Ca > S > Mg e para região do infravermelho próximo: P > K > Ca > N > S > Mg. O P teve picos com alta correlação nos comprimentos de onda 706-717 nm (-0,78) e 522-543 nm (-0,76). Os valores do PLRS registraram melhores respostas espectrais na região do VIS e red-edge, regiões mais sensíveis a deficiência do enxofre, potássio e fósforo.

This research was aimed to obtain biodegradable polymeric films with antifungal action against Aspergillus niger, through the addition of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) in the commercial polymer (Ecoflex®) and to evaluate its mechanical, morphological, biodegradation, and copper release properties. The microbiological results showed that the films with 4 wt% CuO-NPs inhibited 97.57% the growth of the fungus growth of 1×105 spores·mL-1 compared to the control. The morphological characterization revealed that the CuO-NPs presented irregular form with particles size of 50 to 400 nm and the XRD showed characteristic peaks of copper oxide. The addition of CuO-NPs to Ecoflex® provided increased maximum and rupture tension, strain, and elasticity modulus the obtained films with 1 wt% CuO-NPs and did not alter the biodegradability of the films. It can be said that, through the addition of CuO-NPs to Ecoflex®, it was possible to add antifungal activity for Aspergillus niger without compromising its biodegradability, meeting the safety standards established by legislation regarding the release of copper.

Abstract Background Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Pericoronary fat attenuation (pFA) is a marker of coronary inflammation, which is key in the atherosclerotic process. Objective To evaluate pFA and inflammatory profile in AAS users. Methods Twenty strength-trained AAS users (AASU), 20 AAS nonusers (AASNU), and 10 sedentary controls (SC) were evaluated. Coronary inflammation was evaluated by mean pericoronary fat attenuation (mPFA) in the right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and left circumflex (LCx). Interleukin (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were evaluated by optical density (OD) in a spectrophotometer with a 450 nm filter. P<0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results AASU had higher mPFA in the RCA (-65.87 [70.51-60.70] vs. -78.07 [83.66-72.87] vs.-78.46 [85.41-71.99] Hounsfield Units (HU), respectively, p<0.001) and mPFA in the LAD (-71.47 [76.40-66.61] vs. -79.32 [84.37-74.59] vs. -82.52 [88.44-75.81] HU, respectively, p=0.006) compared with AASNU and SC. mPFA in the LCx was not different between AASU, AASNU, and SC (-72.41 [77.17-70.37] vs. -80.13 [86.22-72.23] vs. -78.29 [80.63-72.29] HU, respectively, p=0.163). AASU compared with AASNU and SC, had higher IL-1, (0.975 [0.847-1.250] vs. 0.437 [0.311-0.565] vs. 0.530 [0.402-0.780] OD, respectively, p=0.002), IL-6 (1.195 [0.947-1.405] vs. 0.427 [0.377-0.577] vs. 0.605 [0.332-0.950] OD, p=0.005) and IL-10 (1.145 [0.920-1.292] vs. 0.477 [0.382-0.591] vs. 0.340 [0.316-0.560] OD, p<0.001). TNF-α was not different between the AASU, AASNU, and SC groups (0.520 [0.250-0.610] vs. 0.377 [0.261-0.548] vs. 0.350 [0.182-430]), respectively. Conclusion Compared with ASSNU and controls, AASU have higher mPFA and higher systemic inflammatory cytokines profile suggesting that AAS may induce coronary atherosclerosis through coronary and systemic inflammation.

Resumo Fundamento O uso abusivo de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) tem sido associado à doença arterial coronariana (DAC). A atenuação de gordura pericoronária (AGp) é um marcador de inflamação coronária, a qual exerce um papel chave no processo aterosclerótico. Objetivo Avaliar AGp e perfil inflamatório em usuários de EAA. Método Vinte indivíduos que realizavam treinamento de força, usuários de EAA (UEAA), 20 não usuários de EAA (NUEAA), e 10 indivíduos sedentários controle (SC) foram avaliados. Inflamação coronária foi avaliada por atenuação de gordura pericoronária média (AGPm) artéria coronária direita (ACD), artéria descendente anterior esquerda (ADA) e artéria circunflexa (ACX). Interleucina (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, e TNF-alfa foram avaliados por densidade ótica (DO) em um espectrofotômetro com um filtro de 450 nm. Um p<0,05 indicou significância estatística. Resultados Os UEAA apresentaram maior AGPm na ACD [-65,87 (70,51-60,70) vs. -78,07 (83,66-72,87) vs.-78,46 (85,41-71,99] unidades Hounsfield (HU), respectivamente, p<0,001) e AGPm na ADA [-71,47 (76,40-66,610 vs. -79,32 (84,37-74,59) vs. -82,52 (88,44-75,81) HU, respectivamente, p=0,006) em comparação aos NUEAA e CS. A AGPm na ACX não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [-72,41 (77,17-70,37) vs. -80,13 (86,22-72,23) vs. -78,29 (80,63-72,29) HU, respectivamente, p=0,163). Em comparação aos NUEAA e aos CS, o grupo UEAA apresentaram maiores níveis de IL-1 [0,975 (0,847-1,250) vs. 0,437 (0,311-0,565) vs. 0,530 (0,402-0,780) DO, respectivamente, p=0,002), IL-6 [1,195 (0,947-1,405) vs. 0,427 (0,377-0,577) vs. 0,605 (0,332-0,950) DO, p=0,005) e IL-10 [1,145 (0,920-1,292) vs. 0,477 (0,382-0,591) vs. 0,340 (0,316-0,560) DO, p<0,001]. TNF-α não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [0,520 (0,250-0,610) vs. 0,377 (0.261-0,548) vs. 0,350 (0,182-430)]. Conclusão Em comparação aos NUEAA e controles, os UEAA apresentam maior AGPm e maior perfil de citocinas inflamatórias sistêmicas, sugerindo que os EAA podem induzir aterosclerose por inflamação coronária e sistêmica.

Abstract Oil-in-water photoprotective nanoemulsions (NEs) were developed using Babassu (BBS) lipophilic extract, nonionic surfactants, and low concentrations of organic sunscreens by ultrasonic processing. BBS extract was chosen due to its suitable physicochemical properties (acidity index, peroxide index, refraction index, and relative density) and predominance of saturated fatty acids, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which promote biological activities and high oxidative stability. NEs were characterized by mean droplet size, morphology, polydispersity index (PdI), pH, and organoleptic properties, and the physical stability of the NEs was evaluated for 120 days at room temperature. The sun protection factor (SPF) was determined, and the photostability and in vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed for NEs. All NEs remained stable for 120 days, with a droplet size <150 nm and a monomodal distribution profile. The pH values were compatible with the skin’s pH. NE3 showed a spherical morphology, with a mean droplet size of 125.15 ± 0.16 nm and PdI of 0.145 ± 0.032. NE3 containing BBS extract and sunscreens presented an SPF of 35.5 ± 3.0, was photostable after 6 h of radiation and was non-cytotoxic to fibroblast cells. Thus, NE3 could be considered a promising formulation for developing synergic plant-extract sunscreen photoprotective products for the market.

ABSTRACT Purpose: After partial hepatectomy (PH), the remaining liver (RL) undergoes regenerative response proportional to the host. Limited literature exists on hepatic viability after tissue injury during hypothermic preservation. Spectroscopy measures cellular fluorescence and is explored for tissue characterization and parameter investigation. This study aimed to assess fluorescence analysis (spectroscopy) in evaluating liver viability and its relationship with hepatic tissue regeneration 24 hours after PH. Additionally, we analyzed liver regeneration in RL after 70% partial hepatectomy under hypothermic conditions with laser irradiation. Methods: Fifty-six Wistar rats were divided into four groups: total non-perfused liver (control), total perfused liver, partial hepatectomy “in situ”, and partial hepatectomy “ex situ”. Tissue analysis was performed at 0 and 24 hours using spectroscopy with laser devices emitting at 532 (green) and 405 nm (violet). Results: Spectroscopy identified tissue viability based on consistent results with Ki67 staining. The fluorescence spectra and Ki67 analysis displayed similar patterns, linking proliferative activity and absorption intensity. Conclusions: Fluorescence spectroscopy proves to be promising for real-time analysis of cellular activity and viability. Metabolic activity was observed in groups of live animals and hypothermically preserved samples, indicating cellular function even under blood deprivation and hypothermic conditions.