Fruits of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi were investigated. A fast and efficient method for the simultaneous determination of 11 polyphenolic substances by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was applied. Limits of quantification ranged between 0.78 and 3.14 mg L-1. High concentrations of kaempferol were found. An exploratory evaluation was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) for fruit origin differentiation. Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 274 to 517 mg GAE 100 g-1; total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 101 to 283 mg QE 100 g-1. In vitro analyses showed that antioxidant capacity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranged from 1.7 to 7 µM DPPH 100 g-1. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect were also evaluated against: Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Candida albicans and C. glabrata, using broth microdilution assay. It can be inferred that S. terebinthifolia Raddi fruit has the potential to act as an ally in the search for new alternatives in the action against pathogens, and it can be used as a potential natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Metals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn) were also determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), with emphasis on high concentrations of Mg, Zn and Fe. investigated 1 chromatographydiode chromatography diode HPLCDAD HPLC DAD (HPLC-DAD applied 078 0 78 0.7 314 3 14 3.1 L1. L1 L 1. L-1 found PCA (PCA differentiation TPC (TPC 27 51 10 g1 g g-1 TFC (TFC 28 g1. 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 2,2 diphenyl picrylhydrazyl 2 (DPPH 17 subtilis B cereus aureus coli aeruginosa choleraesuis C glabrata assay S pathogens agent Cu, Cu (Cu Fe Mg FAAS, FAAS , (FAAS) 07 0. 31 3. L- 5 g- 2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22 2, (FAAS

The present work aims to extract and test cashew nut peel oil as a natural antioxidant in the oxidative stabilization of biodiesel. Therefore, determinations of the ideal time of Soxhlet and thermal extractions, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses, and evaluation of the oxidative stability by Rancimat method were carried out. FTIR analyses revealed that the 3rd cycle of extraction was sufficient to extract all the oil, with an average yield of 30.0%. For the thermal extraction of the laboratory technical cashew nut peel oil, the best extraction, based on statistical analysis, was 60 min, yielding 20.0%. The FTIR analysis of the extracted cashew nut peel oil showed characteristic peaks of phenolic groups and organic acids, showing differences in the intensities of the absorption bands. The oxidative stability showed induction period of 8 h 40 min for the hydraulic press extraction, 10 h 35 min for the Soxhlet extraction, and 10 h 65 min for the industrial technical extraction of the cashew nut peel oil. All values were below the 12-h limit established by the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). The technical cashew nut peel oil extracted in the laboratory presented an induction period of 11 h 12 min, close to that recommended by ANP, proving to be a promising natural antioxidant. Cardanol presented satisfactory results with 25 h 22 min, double that suggested by ANP. Thus, cashew nut peel oil showed important and promising results as a natural antioxidant for biodiesel. biodiesel Therefore extractions (FTIR out rd 300 30 0 30.0% 6 200 20 20.0% acids bands 4 1 3 12h Petroleum ANP . (ANP) 2 Thus 30.0 20.0 (ANP 30. 20.

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands for being the most serious epidemic (so far) of the 21st century. However, only a few computational studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neutralization of the spike protein by antibodies of different classes. Hence, bioinformatic methods were employed to unravel the factors contributing to the remarkable neutralization capacity exhibited by specific antibodies. Initially, crystallographic structures of IgA monomeric / dimeric, IgG, and IgM antibodies binding with the receptor-binding domain region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were retrieved. Subsequently, rigid molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed over 100 ns with explicit water solvation. Lastly, an energy decomposition was conducted to estimate the binding affinity using the last frames from molecular dynamics. The results revealed a higher binding affinity for both monomeric and dimeric forms of IgA antibodies against the spike protein. Additionally, a greater number of hydrogen bonds were observed during their interaction with the spike protein, as well as greater structural instability along the time and especially a more thermodynamically favorable interaction affinity. In this way, the research contributes a small piece to the complex puzzle of understanding the humoral immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 so far st century However classes Hence Initially IgG receptorbinding receptor SARS-CoV- retrieved Subsequently 10 solvation Lastly dynamics Additionally way virus (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV 1 (SARS-CoV

Bredemeyera Willd. is a genus of the Polygalaceae family, occurring in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal potential, in vitro and in silico, of Bredemeyera brevifolia extracts. The identification of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector showed that palmitic (36.55 mg g−1), margaric (3.66 mg g−1), linolelaidic (108.82 mg g−1), oleic (7.86 mg g−1), stearic (41.11 mg g−1), dihomo-γ-linolenic (85.48 mg g−1), and arachidic (209.00 mg g−1) acids are present in the hexane extract. From the chloroform extract, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone was isolated and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay with methanolic extract demonstrated antifungal activity against species of the genus Candida, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton for up to 96 h, with values ranging from 64-1024 μg mL−1. The in silico study with the chemical compounds of this species showed fungal inhibition potential of sterol-14-α-demethylase, highlighting 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which presented an affinity energy of -8.8 kcal mol−1, greater than that observed for fluconazole (−8.3 kcal mol−1). The fatty acids interacted with the active site of the enzyme but presented energies ≥ −7.4 kcal mol−1. Compounds isolated from this species have pharmacokinetic potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Willd family Brazil extracts chromatographymass chromatography mass chromatographyflame flame 36.55 3655 36 55 (36.5 g−1, g1 g g−1 , 1 3.66 366 3 66 (3.6 108.82 10882 108 82 (108.8 7.86 786 7 86 (7.8 41.11 4111 41 11 (41.1 dihomoγlinolenic dihomo γ linolenic 85.48 8548 85 48 (85.4 209.00 20900 209 00 (209.0 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone 1hydroxy37dimethoxyxanthone hydroxydimethoxyxanthone hydroxy 3,7 dimethoxyxanthone identified Candida Sporothrix 9 h 641024 64 1024 64-102 mL1 mL mL−1 sterol14αdemethylase, sterol14αdemethylase sterolαdemethylase sterol 14 α demethylase, demethylase sterol-14-α-demethylase 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone, dimethoxyxanthone, 8.8 88 8 -8. mol1 mol mol−1 −8.3 83 (−8. . mol−1) 74 4 −7. formulations 36.5 365 5 (36. g− 3.6 6 (3. 108.8 1088 10 (108. 7.8 78 (7. 41.1 411 (41. 85.4 854 (85. 209.0 2090 20 0 (209. 1hydroxy3 7dimethoxyxanthone 37 3, 64102 102 64-10 mL− αdemethylase 8. -8 mol− −8. (−8 −7 36. (36 3. (3 108. (108 7. (7 41. (41 85. (85 209. 2 (209 1hydroxy 6410 64-1 - −8 (− − ( (10 (4 (8 (20 641 64- (1 (2

ABSTRACT Residues generated in sugarcane production such as biochar, originated from bagasse burning, are used as a fertilizer source, which can increase forage dry matter yield, as well as improving soil chemical attributes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using biochar from sugarcane bagasse burning and mineral fertilization, as well as their association, on the dry matter yield of Urochloa decumbens and on the chemical attributes of the soil. The design was randomized blocks, which consisted of eight treatments and four blocks. The treatments were: T1- mineral fertilization; T2- fertilization with limestone plus mineral fertilizer; T3- liming; T4- biochar; T5- biochar plus mineral fertilizer; T6- liming plus biochar; T7- double fertilization with biochar and T8- control. Association of mineral fertilizer and biochar was able to increase dry matter yield by up to 131% when compared to the control treatment during the first year. The use of fertilization strategies in the restoration of degraded area under U. decumbens does not interfere with soil chemical attributes, except for sulfur. source association blocks were T1 T T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 131 year U sulfur 13 1

RESUMO Resíduos gerados pela produção de cana-de-açúcar como o biochar, proveniente da queima do bagaço podem ser utilizados como fonte de fertilizante, podendo incrementar a produção de matéria seca de forrageira, bem como, dos atributos químicos do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de biochar da queima do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar e da adubação mineral e associação de ambos, na produtividade de matéria seca de Urochloa decumbens, e nos atributos químicos do solo. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, composto por oito tratamentos, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1- adubação mineral; T2- adubação com calcário + fertilizante mineral; T3- calagem; T4- biochar; T5- biochar + adubação mineral; T6- calagem + biochar; T7- duas vezes a dose com biochar e T8- controle. A associação de fertilizante mineral com biochar foi capaz de aumentar a produção de matéria seca em até 131% quando comparado ao tratamento controle no primeiro ano. O emprego de diferentes estratégias de fertilização na recuperação de área degradada sob uso de Urochloa decumbens, não interfere nos atributos químicos do solo, com exceção do elemento enxofre. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar forrageira solo ambos decumbens casualizados repetições foram T1 T T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 131 ano enxofre 13 1

ABSTRACT Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the most economically important leafy vegetable in Brazil, with the crisp type being the most popular among producers. However, in regions with hot climates, lettuce has production limitations due to bolting, requiring knowledge on the behavior of cultivars available on the market. Thus, the objective of the present study was to characterize the performance of crisp lettuce cultivars in terms of their productive, physiological, and postharvest quality aspects when grown under hydroponic cultivation and high temperature conditions. The assay was performed in a greenhouse and the plants were grown in a hydroponic system of DFT type. The average temperature during the experiment was 30.33 °C. The experimental design used was completely randomized with nine treatments (Veneranda, Cristina, Olinda, Mônica, Cinderela, Grand Rapids, Itapuã Super, Crocantela, and Simpson Black Seed), with four replications. The cultivars were analyzed in terms of their productive, physiological, and postharvest quality performances. The Olinda and Cristina cultivars showed the best performance in growth, physiological, and postharvest variables. However, the cultivars had distinct sensory characteristics. Bolting negatively affected gas exchange, production, and postharvest quality of lettuce cultivars Veneranda, Mônica, Grand Rapids, and Cinderela. In addition, it was observed that the pigment content was not determinant for the expression of bolting. Therefore, this study recommends the use of cultivars Olinda and Cristina for the hydroponic cultivation under high temperature conditions. Lactuca sativa Brazil producers However climates bolting market Thus productive physiological conditions 3033 30 33 30.3 C °C Veneranda (Veneranda Mônica Cinderela Rapids Super Crocantela Seed, Seed , Seed) replications performances growth variables characteristics exchange addition Therefore 303 3 30.

RESUMO A alface (Lactuca sativa) é a hortaliça folhosa de maior importância econômica no Brasil, sendo o tipo crespa a mais popular entre os produtores. Entretanto, em regiões de clima quente, a alface apresenta limitações de produção devido ao pendoamento precoce, exigindo o conhecimento do comportamento das cultivares disponíveis no mercado. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar o desempenho de cultivares de alface crespa quanto aos aspectos produtivos, fisiológicos e de qualidade pós-colheita, cultivadas em condições de cultivo hidropônico e alta temperatura. O ensaio foi conduzido em condição de casa de vegetação, sendo as plantas cultivadas em sistema hidropônico tipo DFT. A temperatura média durante o experimento foi de 30,33 °C. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com nove tratamentos (Veneranda, Cristina, Olinda, Mônica, Cinderela, Grand Rapids, Itapuã Super, Crocantela e Simpson Black Seed) e quatro repetições. As cultivares foram analisadas quanto ao seu desempenho produtivo, fisiológico e de qualidade pós-colheita. As cultivares Olinda e Cristina apresentaram melhor desempenho nos parâmetros de crescimento, fisiológicos e pós-colheita. Entretanto, estas cultivares apresentaram características sensoriais distintas. Verificou-se que o pendoamento precoce afetou negativamente as trocas gasosas, a produção e a qualidade pós-colheita das cultivares de alface Veneranda, Mônica, Grand Rapids e Cinderela. Além disso, observou-se que o teor de pigmentos não foi determinante para a expressão do pendoamento. Portanto, este estudo recomenda o uso das cultivares Olinda e Cristina para o cultivo hidropônico em condições de alta temperatura. Lactuca sativa Brasil produtores Entretanto quente mercado Assim produtivos póscolheita, póscolheita pós colheita, colheita vegetação DFT 3033 30 33 30,3 C °C Veneranda (Veneranda Mônica Cinderela Super Seed repetições produtivo póscolheita. colheita. crescimento distintas Verificouse Verificou se gasosas disso observouse observou Portanto 303 3 30,

ABSTRACT Combining refrigeration with packaging is a commonly used technique for fruits intended for export. Thus, the objective of this study was to adapt the post-harvest management of biofortified sweet potato cultivars, using packaging and refrigeration, focused on reaching distant export markets while maintaining the commercial quality. Sweet potatoes of the cultivars BRS-Amélia and Beauregard were selected after harvesting, washed, and packaged. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4 × 7 factorial arrangement consisted of 4 treatments (cultivar BRS-Amélia with and without packaging; and cultivar Beauregard with and without packaging) and 7 evaluations under storage conditions: at 0, 7, 14 (under refrigeration at approximately 8 °C), 17, 20, 23, and 26 days (under room temperature conditions at approximately 25 °C). Each experimental unit contained 500 g of tubbers. The results showed that the refrigerated storage combined with packaging extended the shelf life of the evaluated sweet potatoes: 17 days for BRS-Amélia and 26 days for the cultivar Beauregard. The BRS-Amélia cultivar maintained higher firmness, soluble solids and carbohydrate contents, chroma, and antioxidant activity (FRAP method), and total phenolic contents, in both raw and cooked tissues. The cultivar Beauregard presented less dehydration and greater stability in vitamin C, total phenolic, total carotenoid, soluble carbohydrate, and starch contents in raw and cooked potatoes. Therefore, the combination of packaging and refrigeration preserved the commercial quality of biofortified sweet potatoes for export markets. Thus postharvest post harvest BRSAmélia BRS Amélia harvesting washed packaged randomized 0 1 °C, C °C , °C) 20 23 2 °C. . 50 tubbers firmness chroma FRAP method, method method) tissues carotenoid Therefore 5

RESUMO Combinar refrigeração com embalagem é uma técnica comumente utilizada para frutas destinadas à exportação. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi adequar o manejo pós-colheita de cultivares de batata-doce biofortificadas, utilizando embalagem e refrigeração, com foco em atingir mercados de exportação distantes e mantendo a qualidade comercial. As batatas-doces das cultivares BRS-Amélia e Beauregard foram selecionadas após a colheita, lavadas e embaladas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4 × 7 composto por 4 tratamentos (cultivar BRS-Amélia com e sem embalagem; e cultivar Beauregard com e sem embalagem) e 7 avaliações nas condições de armazenamento: aos 0, 7, 14 (sob refrigeração a aproximadamente 8 °C), 17, 20, 23 e 26 dias (sob condições de temperatura ambiente a aproximadamente 25 °C). Cada unidade experimental continha 500 g de tubérculos. Os resultados mostraram que o armazenamento refrigerado aliado à embalagem prolongou a vida útil da batata-doce avaliada: 17 dias para BRS-Amélia e 26 dias para a cultivar Beauregard. A cultivar BRS-Amélia manteve maior firmeza, solúveis sólidos e teor de carboidratos, croma e atividade antioxidante (método FRAP) e teor de fenólicos totais, tanto nos tecidos crus quanto cozidos. A cultivar Beauregard apresentou menor desidratação e maior estabilidade nos teores de vitamina C, fenólicos totais, carotenóides totais, carboidratos solúveis e amido em batatas cruas e cozidas. Portanto, a combinação de embalagem e refrigeração preservou a qualidade comercial da batata-doce biofortificada para os mercados de exportação. Assim póscolheita pós colheita batatadoce batata doce biofortificadas batatasdoces doces BRSAmélia BRS Amélia embaladas casualizado 0 1 sob °C, C °C , °C) 20 2 °C. . 50 tubérculos avaliada firmeza método FRAP totais cozidos cozidas Portanto 5

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherent potential of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against food-borne strains of Escherichia coli. The study was performed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, the disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil with synthetic antimicrobials. The Minimum Inhibitory Adherence Concentration (MIC) was also performed. The results revealed that E. radiata showed antimicrobial activity against the E. coli strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL and MBC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1,024 μg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that E. radiata oil exhibited a synergistic effect for some antibiotics, especially Ceftriaxone, with greater interference from the essential oil. Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting the adherence of bacterial strains of E. coli, showing a more significant antibiofilm effect than the antibacterial agent 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In summary, the essential oil of E. radiata showed antimicrobial potential against strains of E. coli of food origin, and can therefore, through in-depth studies, be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this pathogen. antiadherent anti adherent foodborne borne (MIC MBC. . (MBC) addition E tested 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associations antibiotics Ceftriaxone Furthermore 012 0 12 0.12 digluconate summary origin therefore indepth depth studies pathogen (MBC 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.1 1, 0.

Resumo O presente estudo buscou avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano e antiaderente do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata frente às cepas de veiculação alimentar de Escherichia coli. O estudo foi realizado usando a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Além disso, a técnica de difusão em disco foi usada para avaliar a associação do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata com antimicrobianos sintéticos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) também foi realizada. Os resultados revelaram que E. radiata apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra as cepas de E. coli testadas, com valores de CIM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1000 μg/mL e valores de CBM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1,024 μg/mL. Quanto às associações, observou-se que o óleo de E. radiata exibiu efeito sinérgico para alguns antibióticos, sobretudo a Ceftriaxona, apresentando maior interferência do óleo essencial. Além disso, foi eficaz na inibição a aderência das cepas bacterianas de E. coli, mostrando um efeito antibiofilme mais significativo que o agente antibacteriano digluconato de clorexidina a 0.12%. Em resumo, o óleo essencial de E. radiata apresentou potencial antimicrobiano contra cepas de E. coli de origem alimentar, podendo assim, mediante estudos aprofundados, ser utilizado isoladamente ou em associação com antimicrobianos sintéticos para combater infecções causadas por esse patógeno. (CIM CBM. . (CBM) disso CIMA (CIMA realizada E testadas 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associações observouse observou se antibióticos Ceftriaxona 012 0 12 0.12% resumo assim aprofundados patógeno (CBM 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.12 1, 0.1 0.

The use of fluorescent nanomaterials in various fields of study has become increasingly common. In this work, the use of carbon quantum dots as a corrosion marker in carbon steel is proposed. To produce the sensor, carbon quantum dots based on ethylenediamine and citric acid were used, dissolved in a polymeric matrix. The quantum dot used showed a quantum yield of 42.34%. The nanomodified coatings emitted blue light under ultraviolet radiation lamp. However, it was observed that there is a loss of photoluminescence in the coating on the carbon steel substrate compared to the coating on the polymeric substrate, which maintained photoluminescence activity after natural exposure. Thus, it is inferred that the loss of photoluminescence may be associated with the corrosion process. common work proposed sensor matrix 4234 42 34 42.34% lamp However exposure Thus process 423 4 3 42.34 42.3 42.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chains, by means of the grafting from route, using the TEMED/KPS redox pair as free-radical initiators. The confirmation of grafting was revealed by 13C NMR spectra. In a test with murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line), CNC-g-PNIPAM copolymers did not affect cell viability nor RAW cell oxide nitric production. Raw cells exposed to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 decreased the cell viability (~ 60%) and increased lipid peroxidation, as revealed by malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. The most effective protection against the oxidative damage, with cell viability of 100%, was provided by 50 µg mL−1 of CNC-g-PNIPAM synthesized with 1:1 CNC:NIPAM mass ratio. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the levels of GSH, MDA and SOD between cells treated with the modified CNC and cells not exposed to peroxide. These results indicate that the antioxidant properties of CNC-g-PNIPAM may be useful in possible applications in health treatments. CNCs (CNCs polyNisopropylacrylamide poly N isopropylacrylamide poly(N-isopropylacrylamide PNIPAM (PNIPAM chains route TEMEDKPS TEMED KPS freeradical free radical initiators C spectra 2647 264 7 264. line, line , line) CNCgPNIPAM g production HO H O H2O ~ ( 60% 60 peroxidation MDA, (MDA) GSH (GSH (SOD damage 100 100% 5 mL1 mL 1 mL− 11 1: CNCNIPAM NIPAM ratio Furthermore peroxide treatments 26 6 (MDA 10 2

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the behavior of melon genotypes (Cucumis melo L.) in the physical, chemical and biochemical quality of melon fruits as a function of electrical conductivity irrigation water levels (ECw). The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme with five replications. The first factor was represented by five salinity levels (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1) and the second factor by accessions A35, and A24, and the hybrid Sancho. The physical, chemical and biochemical variables showed a reduction in production, with smaller fruits, with less weight, smaller cavity, with increased pulp thickness for Sancho. Vitamin C and yellow flavonoids increased indicating antioxidant power against ROS. The genotypes showed similar post-harvest behavior, however, the hybrid Sancho stood out over the others, possibly because it is an improved material. Accession A24 presented physiological and biochemical responses that classify it as intolerant. Cucumis L. L physical ECw. ECw . (ECw) replications 0.5, 05 0 (0.5 15 1 1.5 30 3.0 45 4 4.5 60 6 6. m1 m m-1 A35 A production weight cavity ROS postharvest post harvest however others material A2 intolerant (ECw 0.5 (0. 1. 3. 4. m- A3 0. (0 (

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento de genótipos de melão (Cucumis melo L.) na qualidade física, química e bioquímica de frutos de melão em função da condutividade elétrica de lâminas de irrigação (CEa). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 com cinco repetições. O primeiro fator foi representado por cinco níveis de salinidade (0,5, 1,5, 3,0, 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) e o segundo fator pelos acessos A35, A24 e o híbrido Sancho. As variáveis físicas, químicas e bioquímicas apresentaram redução na produção, com frutos menores, com menor peso, menor cavidade, com maior espessura de polpa para Sancho. A vitamina C e os flavonoides amarelos aumentaram indicando poder antioxidante contra ROS. Os genótipos apresentaram comportamento pós-colheita semelhante, porém, o híbrido Sancho se destacou dos demais, possivelmente por ser um material melhorado. O acesso A24 apresentou respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas que o classificam como intolerante. Objetivouse Objetivou Cucumis L. L física CEa. CEa . (CEa) repetições 0,5, 05 0 (0,5 15 1 1,5 30 3,0 45 4 4, 60 6 6, m1 m m-1 A35 A2 físicas produção menores peso cavidade ROS póscolheita pós colheita semelhante porém demais melhorado intolerante (CEa 0,5 (0, 1, 3, m- A3 0, (0 (

ABSTRACT Grain losses pose a threat to agricultural sustainability, particularly in developing countries. Mechanized harvesting is a key process in which losses occur; thus, its investigation is essential. Therefore, a systematic and meta-analytical review was conducted to encompass studies on quantitative soybean losses during harvesting in South America from the last two decades. The initial search yielded 1,094 scientific articles; however, only 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. This study provides an overview of technical aspects monitored on farms, guidelines to ensure efficient harvesting and literature gaps for further innovations. Because studies on soybean losses were predominantly based on continuous observational data and lacked methodological quality according to a quality scoring, only four studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed a significant relation between losses and the combine age, indicating that combines with over 10 years of use result in higher losses than newer ones (p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, operating at speeds exceeding 5 km h-1 did not lead to significant increases in soybean losses (p > 0.05). Many decisions can be taken at the farm-level to reduce losses, such as proper training of workers and adequation of combine harvesters according to each crop condition. The insights described here are timely for paving the way towards innovation in harvesting systems and minimizing grain losses by understanding the critical points within the context improving yields during soybean harvesting. sustainability countries occur thus essential Therefore metaanalytical meta analytical decades 1094 1 094 1,09 articles however 2 criteria farms innovations scoring metaanalysis. metaanalysis analysis. analysis age p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) Conversely h1 h h- farmlevel farm level condition 109 09 1,0 00 0.0 1, 0.

RESUMO As perdas de grãos ameaçam a sustentabilidade na agricultura, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento. A colheita mecanizada é um importante estágio em que as perdas ocorrem, sendo crucial investigá-la. Portanto, uma revisão sistemática e meta-analítica foi conduzida para analisar estudos das últimas duas décadas no tema de perdas quantitativas de soja durante a colheita mecanizada na América do Sul. A pesquisa inicial resultou em 1094 artigos científicos, entretanto, apenas 25 estudos foram selecionados devido ao critério de inclusão estabelecido. Essa revisão descreve uma visão ampla dos aspectos técnicos monitorados no campo, instruções para garantir uma colheita eficiente e lacunas da literatura para futuras inovações. Os estudos foram predominantemente baseados em dados contínuos e observacionais, além de possuírem falhas metodológicas de acordo com uma pontuação qualitativa. Assim, apenas quatro estudos foram incluídos na meta-análise. Os resultados mostraram uma relação significativa entre perdas relacionadas à idade da máquina, indicando que colhedoras com mais de 10 anos de uso produziram perdas maiores que as novas (p ≤ 0.05). Por outro lado, operar em velocidades maiores que 5 km h-1 não levou a um aumento significativo das perdas de grãos (p > 0.05). No campo, muitas decisões podem ser tomadas para reduzir as perdas, e.g., treinar operadores e configurar a colhedora de acordo com as condições da lavoura. As discussões apresentadas nessa revisão são importantes para guiar as inovações em sistemas de colheita e diminuir as perdas de grãos ao entender os pontos críticos em um conceito de maior lucratividade durante o processo. agricultura desenvolvimento ocorrem investigála. investigála investigá la. la investigá-la Portanto metaanalítica meta analítica Sul 109 científicos entretanto 2 estabelecido campo observacionais qualitativa Assim metaanálise. metaanálise análise. análise meta-análise máquina 1 p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) lado h1 h h- eg g e.g. lavoura processo 00 0.0 e.g 0.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of moisture and drying temperature on the physical properties of macauba kernels. The experiment was set up in a split-plot design, with drying temperature (60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C) assigned to the plots and moisture (4.3%, 5.3%, 6.0%, 7.0%, and 8.9% b.u.) assigned to the subplots, in completely randomized design (CRD) with nine replications for the variables (Ci, E, Dg, Ap, S, ρu, ε, and ψ) and four replications for the variable ρa. During the drying process, the geometric diameter, sphericity, roundness, projected and surface area, apparent specific mass, and total porosity were evaluated. These variables were analyzed according to drying temperature and moisture. Reducing the misture of macauba kernels led to an increase in geometric diameter and projected and surface area and to a reduction in roundness. Increasing the drying temperature led to a reduction in geometric diameter, sphericity, roundness, and projected area and surface area. The linear model fitted well the geometric diameter, roundness, and projected area and surface area of the macauba kernels for all drying temperatures and moistures. The quadratic model fitted well the phenomena of sphericity, total porosity, and apparent specific mass and unit-specific mass. It was concluded that the physical characteristics of macauba kernels are affected by varying drying temperatures and moistures. These data can be used to size the equipment for the main post-harvest operations. splitplot split plot 60 (6 C °C 7 8 9 4.3%, 43 4 3 (4.3% 53 5 5.3% 6 0 6.0% 7.0% 89 8.9 b.u. bu b u subplots CRD (CRD Ci, Ci (Ci E Dg Ap S ρu ε ψ ρa process sphericity roundness evaluated moistures unitspecific unit postharvest post harvest operations ( 4.3% (4.3 5.3 6.0 7.0 8. b.u 4.3 (4. 5. 6. 7. 4. (4

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do teor de água e temperatura de secagem nas propriedades físicas de amêndoas de macaúba. O experimento foi instalado em esquema de parcela subdividida, tendo nas parcelas as temperaturas de secagem (60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C e 90 °C) e nas subparcelas os teores de água (4,3%; 5,3%; 6,0%; 7,0% e 8,9% b.u.), no delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com nove repetições para as variáveis (Ci, E, Dg, Ap, S, ρu, ε e ψ) e quatro repetições para a variável ρa. Durante o processo de secagem foram avaliados o diâmetro geométrico, esfericidade, circularidade, área projetada e superficial, a massa específica aparente e a porosidade total. Estas variáveis foram analisadas em função da temperatura de secagem e do teor de água. A redução do teor de água das amêndoas de macaúba proporcionou aumento no diâmetro geométrico, na área projetada e superficial e redução na circularidade. O aumento na temperatura de secagem promoveu redução no diâmetro geométrico, esfericidade, circularidade, área projetada e superficial. O modelo linear representou satisfatoriamente o fenômeno de diâmetro geométrico, circularidade, área projetada e superficial das amêndoas de macaúba, para todas as temperaturas de secagem e teores de água. Já o modelo quadrático representou satisfatoriamente o fenômeno de esfericidade, porosidade total e massa específica aparente e unitária. Conclui-se que diferentes temperaturas de secagem e teores água afetam as características físicas das amêndoas de macaúba. Os dados, poderão subsidiar o dimensionamento de equipamentos para as principais operações de pós-colheita. Objetivouse Objetivou se subdividida 60 (6 C 7 8 9 4,3% 43 4 3 (4,3% 5,3% 53 5 6,0% 6 0 7,0 89 8,9 b.u., bu b.u. , b u b.u.) DIC, DIC (DIC) Ci, Ci (Ci E Dg Ap S ρu ψ ρa geométrico esfericidade circularidade unitária Concluise Conclui dados póscolheita. póscolheita pós colheita. colheita pós-colheita ( 4,3 (4,3 5,3 6,0 7, 8, b.u (DIC 4, (4, 5, 6, (4

The demand for oil and its derivatives has driven the oil and gas sector to explore deep waters. Nickel-based alloys, like Inconel, are used due to their corrosion resistance properties. Cladding structural steels with these alloys is a cost-effective solution. However, dissimilar metal welding poses challenges, including the formation of Partially Diluted Zones (PDZ). This work highlights the use of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) as a very adequate technique for the microstructural characterization of dissimilar anticorrosive materials. The MIG process was utilized to perform cladding of Inconel 625 onto the A36 steel substrate. The samples were prepared for analysis using techniques such as EDS, FEG-SEM, EBSD, and Vickers microhardness testing. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the EBSD technique in characterizing dissimilar metal cladding. The combination of EBSD with EDS analysis and microhardness testing provided comprehensive insights into the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material. EDS mapping analysis confirmed the formation of PDZ with a distinct beach-like morphology, indicating localized compositional variations. The uniform thickness of the PDZ, approximately 20 µm, highlights the convective motion and solidification behavior of the partially diluted zone. Phase map EBSD analysis revealed different crystal structures in the cladding zone, including a FCC structure for the nickel cladding layer and a BCC structure for the ferritic steel base metal. The PDZ exhibited the same crystal structure as the base metal, indicating chemical element diffusion without altering the ferritic steel structure. Contrast band EBSD analysis provided detailed microstructural information, revealing solidification structures and potential hardness variations. The observed martensite formation in the PDZ highlights its susceptibility to cracking and detachment of the coated layer. The hardness results support the microstructural findings, demonstrating significant variations in hardness across the cladding structure, particularly in the PDZ and at the interface between the Inconel alloy and the base metal. These findings contribute valuable insights into the microstructural and compositional gradients within the joint region, reinforcing their implications for material performance. waters Nickelbased Nickel based costeffective cost effective solution However challenges PDZ. . (PDZ) (EBSD materials 62 A A3 substrate FEGSEM, FEGSEM FEG SEM, SEM FEG-SEM beachlike beach morphology 2 µm zone information region performance (PDZ 6