ABSTRACT Agroecological management is considered a model of sustainable agriculture that offers social, environmental and economic benefits. The hypotheses of this study were that agroecological production systems can promote changes in the physical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with aggregates of different origins, and that the greater diversity of plant species in the production system may favour an increase in the carbon concentration of these aggregates. The aim of this study was to a) determine the mass of the free light fraction (FLF), intra-aggregate light fraction (ILF) and light organic matter fraction (LOM) of biogenic and physiogenic soil aggregates; and b) quantify the organic carbon content of the three light SOM fractions and the residual particulate SOM fraction. Five production systems were evaluated: AgF - Agroforestry system; CSun - Coffee grown in full sun; CSha - Coffee grown in shade; FLE - Flemingia grown in alleys; and NT - No-tillage. The aggregates were separated, identified and classified according to their origin or formation pathway into biogenic (formed by biological processes) or physiogenic aggregates (resulting from chemical and physical actions). From these, the mass and carbon content of the FLF, ILF, LOM and residual particulate fractions were quantified. The greater diversity of plant species found in the AgF system has not yet favoured an increase in the carbon content of the aggregates. The longer set-up time and the management practices of the CSun system has led to an increase in the carbon content of the organic fractions of the aggregates (3.44-1.63 g kg-1 for C-LOM; 1.93-1.13 g kg-1 for C-FLF). The lowest overall mean values for LOM and ILF were found mainly in the aggregates of the NT system (1.22-1.67 and 1.55-2.20 g kg-1, respectively), being associated with the shorter time and greater mobilisation of the arable layer. Biogenic aggregation afforded the highest overall mean values for LOM, and increased the mass of the light fractions (15.5%-27.8% for FLF; 23.4%-8.0% for ILF) and the carbon in the C-LOM, C-FLF and residual particulate fractions (42.3%, 12.9%, and 35.0%, respectively) in the surface layer, suggesting an improvement in soil quality. social benefits (SOM origins FLF , (FLF) intraaggregate intra aggregate (ILF (LOM b evaluated sun shade alleys Notillage. Notillage No tillage. tillage No-tillage separated formed processes resulting actions. actions . actions) quantified setup set up 3.441.63 344163 3.44 1.63 3 44 1 63 (3.44-1.6 kg1 kg kg- CLOM C C-LOM 1.931.13 193113 1.93 1.13 93 13 1.93-1.1 CFLF. CFLF C-FLF) 1.221.67 122167 1.22 1.67 22 67 (1.22-1.6 1.552.20 155220 1.55 2.20 55 2 20 1.55-2.2 kg1, 1, respectively, respectively layer 15.5%27.8% 155278 15.5% 27.8% 15 5 27 8 (15.5%-27.8 23.4%8.0% 23480 23.4% 8.0% 23 4 0 23.4%-8.0 CLOM, 42.3%, 423 42 (42.3% 129 12 9 12.9% 350 35 35.0% quality (FLF 441 3.441.6 34416 344 3.4 163 1.6 6 (3.44-1. 931 1.931.1 19311 193 1.9 113 1.1 1.93-1. 221 1.221.6 12216 122 1.2 167 (1.22-1. 552 1.552.2 15522 155 1.5 220 2.2 1.55-2. 15.5%27.8 15527 15.5 278 27.8 (15.5%-27. 23.4%8.0 2348 234 23.4 80 8.0 23.4%-8. 42.3% (42.3 12.9 35.0 3.441. 3441 34 3. 16 1. (3.44-1 1.931. 1931 19 11 1.93-1 1.221. 1221 (1.22-1 1.552. 1552 2. 1.55-2 15.5%27. 15. 27. (15.5%-27 23.4%8. 23. 8. 23.4%-8 42.3 (42. 12. 35. 3.441 (3.44- 1.931 1.93- 1.221 (1.22- 1.552 1.55- 15.5%27 (15.5%-2 23.4%8 23.4%- 42. (42 (3.44 (1.22 15.5%2 (15.5%- (4 (3.4 (1.2 (15.5% ( (3. (1. (15.5 (3 (1 (15. (15

Resumo O socioconstrutivismo é uma ampla concepção sociológico-filosófica da ciência que pode ser assim apresentado: i) uma explicação da aceitação de realizações científicas bem-sucedidas deve ser feita por meio do emprego de critérios epistemológicos e de fatores sociocomunitários; ii) o conhecimento produzido pelas realizações científicas bem-sucedidas não é uma representação da realidade. A concepção socioconstrutivista sempre foi fortemente criticada pelas concepções filosóficas tradicional de ciência pois 1) uma explicação do sucesso das teorias científicas bem-sucedidas deve ser feita por meio apenas do emprego de critérios epistemológicos; e 2) o conhecimento produzido pelas realizações científicas bem-sucedidas, para ser considerado efetivamente um conhecimento, deve ser uma representação da realidade. Este artigo trata da primeira crítica, por meio de uma análise ampliada do debate entre um representante do socioconstrutivismo (David Bloor) e um crítico (Larry Laudan) a partir da hipótese de que, embora Laudan tenha apontado alguns limites importantes do alcance da concepção socioconstrutivista, o núcleo argumentativo de sua crítica não se sustenta, exceto como uma prescrição sobre as tarefas que devem ser realizadas por um filósofo da ciência. sociológicofilosófica sociológico filosófica apresentado i bemsucedidas bem sucedidas sociocomunitários ii realidade 1 2 bemsucedidas, sucedidas, David Bloor Larry sustenta

Abstract Social constructivism can be taken as a broad sociological-philosophical approach of science which is introduced as follows: i) an explanation of the acceptance of successful scientific achievements ought to be done through the use of epistemological criteria and social community factors; ii) the knowledge produced by successful scientific achievements cannot be taken as a representation of reality. The social constructivist approach has always been strongly criticized by traditional philosophical conceptions of science because 1) an explanation of the success of successful scientific theories should be made only through the use of epistemological criteria, and 2) the knowledge produced by successful scientific achievements matchs to reality. This paper deals with the first criticism, by means of an expanded analysis of the debate between a representative of social constructivism (David Bloor) and a critic (Larry Laudan), based on the hypothesis that, although Laudan has pointed out some important limits to the scope of the social constructivist approach, the argumentative core of his critique does not hold itself, except as a prescription about the tasks that a philosopher of science must do. sociologicalphilosophical sociological follows i factors ii reality 1 2 criticism David Bloor Larry Laudan, , Laudan) itself do

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze clinical and endoscopic aspects of dyspeptic patients submitted to upper endoscopy in a reference center in the interior of Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: Observational, descriptive, and analytical research through interviews and endoscopic reports of 80 patients with dyspeptic complaints submitted to upper endoscopy. Results: Among the respondents, 66.25% were women, most were aged ≥ 40 years old and had epigastric pain as their main symptom, and 29.75% had no appropriate indication to perform upper endoscopy. Mild enanthematous gastritis of the antrum was the most frequent finding, and 92.5% had non-significant findings. Rapid urease test was positive in 25%. The following findings showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05): age < 40 years old, female gender, and gastric lesion with positive urease test; smoking with gastric lesion and age less than 40 years old with normal examination. Patients with significant findings had appropriate indications for upper endoscopy. Conclusions: The correct indication of upper endoscopy is essential for satisfactory endoscopic yields and accurate diagnosis. Purpose Maranhão Brazil Methods Observational descriptive 8 Results respondents 6625 66 25 66.25 women 4 symptom 2975 29 75 29.75 finding 925 92 5 92.5 nonsignificant non 25% p 0.05 005 0 05 0.05) gender examination Conclusions diagnosis 662 6 2 66.2 297 7 29.7 9 92. 0.0 00 66. 29. 0.

RESUMO Contexto: Nas últimas décadas, a ecoendoscopia evoluiu de uma ferramenta diagnóstica para uma plataforma para diversas intervenções terapêuticas. Vários avanços tecnológicos surgiram desde o último Consenso Brasileiro, demandando uma revisão e atualização das recomendações baseadas nas melhores evidências científicas. Métodos: Um grupo de 32 ecoendoscopistas renomados selecionou oito tópicos relevantes para serem discutidos a fim de gerar questões clínicas. Em seguida, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura para responder a essas perguntas com base nas evidências mais atualizadas. Resultados: Trinta e três tópicos foram formulados e votados pelos especialistas para alcançar um consenso. O Sistema de Oxford foi utilizado para classificar o nível de evidência. Conclusão: Há evidências moderadas para sustentar que a forma da agulha, calibre ou técnica de aspiração não influenciam no rendimento da amostragem tecidual guiada por ultrassom endoscópico (USE) de lesões sólidas pancreáticas. Há evidências moderadas para sustentar o uso da biópsia transcutânea guiada por USE da parede cística para diferenciar entre neoplasias císticas mucinosas e não mucinosas. Existem poucas evidências para apoiar o tratamento guiado por USE de varizes gástricas. Há um alto nível de evidência para sustentar que a drenagem biliar guiada por USE e a CPRE apresentam resultados semelhantes em pacientes com obstrução biliar maligna distal. Há um alto nível de evidência para o uso da USE no diagnóstico de cistos pancreáticos neoplásicos e na detecção de necrose antes de indicar a drenagem. Há evidências moderadas para sustentar a preferência pela gastroenterostomia guiada por USE em relação ao stent duodenal para obstrução maligna da saída gástrica em pacientes com expectativa de vida superior a 2 meses. Há um alto nível de evidência para sustentar o uso da ablação por radiofrequência no tratamento de ambos os tipos, funcionantes e não funcionantes, de tumores neuroendócrinos. Contexto décadas terapêuticas Brasileiro científicas Métodos 3 clínicas seguida atualizadas Resultados consenso Conclusão agulha (USE pancreáticas gástricas distal meses tipos neuroendócrinos

ABSTRACT Background: In the past decades, endoscopic ultrasound has developed from a diagnostic tool to a platform for many therapeutic interventions. Various technological advancements have emerged since the last Brazilian Consensus, demanding a review and update of the recommendations based on the best scientific evidence. Methods: A group of 32 renowned echoendoscopists selected eight relevant topics to be discussed to generate clinical questions. After that, a literature review was conducted to answer these questions based on the most updated evidence. Results: Thirty-three statements were formulated and voted on by the experts to reach a consensus. The Oxford System was used to grade the level of evidence. Conclusion: There is moderate evidence to support that the needle shape, gauge, or aspiration technique does not influence the yield of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue sampling of pancreatic solid lesions. There is moderate evidence to support using EUS-TTNB of the cyst wall to differentiate between mucinous and non-mucinous cystic neoplasms. There is little evidence to support the EUS-guided treatment of gastric varices. There is a high level of evidence to support that EUS-guided biliary drainage and ERCP present similar outcomes in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction. There is a high level of evidence for using EUS to diagnose neoplastic pancreatic cysts and detect necrosis before indicating drainage. There is moderate evidence to support EUS-GE over duodenal stent for malignant gastric outlet obstruction in patients with a life expectancy higher than 2 months. There is a high level of evidence to support the use of RFA in treating both functioning and non-functioning types of NET. Background decades interventions Consensus Methods 3 Results Thirtythree Thirty three consensus Conclusion shape gauge EUSguided guided lesions EUSTTNB TTNB nonmucinous non neoplasms varices EUSGE GE months nonfunctioning NET

ABSTRACT Soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics can be significantly influenced by various cultivation practices, particularly under environmental and edaphic conditions that enhance and accelerate the transformations of organic materials such as straw, root biomass, and organic fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different cultivation and soil management systems on SOM fractions in agricultural areas of the Cerrado Goiano region. The research was conducted across three areas with diverse production systems: 1) BV area, including soybean monoculture (SM01), integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF01), pasture (PA01), and Cerrado vegetation (NV01); 2) ML area, featured soybean-corn monoculture succession (SMS02), agroforestry (AF02), pasture (PA02), and native Cerrado vegetation (NV02); and 3) IF area, comprised soybean-corn succession (SMS03), integrated livestock-forest (ILF03), pasture (PA03), and native Cerrado vegetation (NV03). Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from two layers: 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m. Samples were analyzed for total organic carbon, carbon storage, and SOM physical (granulometric and densimetric) and chemical (fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin) fractionations of soil organic matter (SOM). Additionally, water-floatable light organic matter (LOM), the carbon management index, and its components were determined. Soil organic matter fractions were similarly influenced by the characteristics of cultivation and management systems. However, there were more pronounced differences between systems in the BV area compared to the ML and IF areas. Among the parameters studied, LOM proved to be the most efficient and effective in distinguishing SOM input across different cultivation and soil management systems, particularly in pasture systems. (SOM practices straw biomass fertilizers region 1 SM01, SM01 SM , (SM01) croplivestockforest crop livestock forest ICLF01, ICLF01 ICLF (ICLF01) PA01, PA01 PA (PA01) NV01 NV (NV01) 2 soybeancorn corn SMS02, SMS02 SMS (SMS02) AF02, AF02 AF (AF02) PA02, PA02 (PA02) NV02 (NV02) 3 SMS03, SMS03 (SMS03) livestockforest ILF03, ILF03 ILF (ILF03) PA03, PA03 (PA03) NV03. NV03 . (NV03) layers 0.000.05 000005 0.00 0.05 0 00 05 0.00-0.0 0.050.10 005010 0.10 10 0.05-0.1 m storage granulometric densimetric fulvic acid humin SOM. Additionally waterfloatable water floatable LOM, (LOM) index determined However studied SM0 (SM01 ICLF0 (ICLF01 PA0 (PA01 NV0 (NV01 SMS0 (SMS02 AF0 (AF02 (PA02 (NV02 (SMS03 ILF0 (ILF03 (PA03 (NV03 000 0.000.0 00000 0.0 005 0.00-0. 050 0.050.1 00501 010 0.1 0.05-0. (LOM (SM0 (ICLF0 (PA0 (NV0 (SMS0 (AF0 (ILF0 0.000. 0000 0. 0.00-0 0.050. 0050 01 0.05-0 (SM (ICLF (PA (NV (SMS (AF (ILF 0.000 0.00- 0.050 0.05-

ABSTRACT Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS) adopts a hierarchical approach to classify soils using specific diagnostic attributes. Organossolos (Histosols) class is differentiated according to its genesis, especially because the parent material is organic, thus requiring diagnostic attributes that describe the unique properties of soil organic matter (SOM). This study aimed to propose the use of labile organic carbon and the C and N contents of humic fractions and their ratios for the family and series levels of the Brazilian Soil Classification System for Organossolos in high mountainous regions. Quantitative chemical fractionation of SOM was performed to obtain the humic fractions and determine the labile oxidizable carbon in 16 Organossolos profiles from Itatiaia National Park, RJ. Carbon and nitrogen contents of the humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin fractions were obtained, as well as the percentages of these fractions in relation to the total carbon and nitrogen in the soil. Carbon and nitrogen ratios were calculated for each fraction. Results showed little variation in the levels of labile organic carbon between the profiles but a large variation in total carbon and nitrogen levels, especially in the Organossolo Fólico Hêmico lítico profile. The ratios between the carbon and nitrogen of humic acids and fulvic acids (means of HAC/FAC = 1.61 and AHN/FACN = 1.05), carbon and nitrogen of the alkaline extract and humin (means of AEC/HUMC = 0.71 and AEN/HUMN = 0.38), carbon and nitrogen of the alkaline extract, and total carbon and total nitrogen (means of AEC/TC = 0.28 and AEN/TN = 0.19) were effective in determining the humification level of the profiles. This study proposes that the attributes evaluated, especially the ratio between the carbon of the alkaline extract of the humic substances (carbon of the fulvic acid fraction + carbon of the humic acid fraction) and the total soil carbon, as well as the ratio between the C and N of the humin fraction, should be used to define lower categorical levels of Organossolos. This new approach could facilitate the classification of these soils and contribute to a better understanding of the composition of Organossolos in Brazil. SiBCS (SiBCS Histosols (Histosols genesis SOM. . (SOM) regions 1 Park RJ obtained profile means HACFAC HAC FAC 161 61 1.6 AHNFACN AHN FACN 1.05, 105 1.05 , 05 1.05) AECHUMC AEC HUMC 071 0 71 0.7 AENHUMN AEN HUMN 0.38, 038 0.38 38 0.38) AECTC TC 028 28 0.2 AENTN TN 0.19 019 19 evaluated Brazil (SOM 6 1. 10 1.0 07 7 0. 03 0.3 3 02 2 0.1 01

RESUMO Este estudo investigou o tratamento de um efluente sintético contendo o corante azo Reactive Black 5 (50 mg·L⁻1) em reatores acidogênicos seguidos por diferentes unidades de pós-tratamento aeróbio: reatores de leito móvel com biofilme (em inglês, moving bed biofilm reactors, MBBR) e filtros biológicos percoladores (FBP). Foi avaliado o efeito da adição do mediador redox antraquinona-2-sulfonato (AQS) (50 μM) ao sistema, do tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) (6 e 4 horas) nos MBBR e do tipo de meio suporte (cubos de espuma de poliuretano e biomídia K1) nos FBP. Os reatores acidogênicos foram os principais responsáveis pela descoloração do RB5 nas concepções anaeróbias-aeróbias avaliadas neste trabalho, e o AQS melhorou significativamente sua eficiência de descoloração. A utilização de um TDH mais curto (4 horas) nos MBBR influenciou negativamente o desempenho na remoção de cor e de DQO nos reatores. A espuma de poliuretano demonstrou ser mais viável como meio suporte, já que é um material mais acessível e de baixo custo. Finalmente, reatores acidogênicos seguidos por FBP preenchidos com cubos de espuma de poliuretano foram a concepção mais promissora, tanto em termos de remoção de cor, DQO e amônia quanto em relação à demanda energética para a aeração do sistema. 50 (5 mg·L⁻1 mgL1 mgL mg L 1 póstratamento pós aeróbio inglês reactors . (FBP) antraquinona2sulfonato antraquinonasulfonato antraquinona 2 sulfonato (AQS μM sistema (TDH 6 ( horas K1 K RB anaeróbiasaeróbias anaeróbias aeróbias trabalho custo Finalmente promissora mg·L⁻ (FBP mg·L

ABSTRACT This study investigated the treatment of a synthetic effluent containing the azo dye Reactive Black 5 (50 mg·L–1) in acidogenic reactors followed by different aerobic post-treatment units, namely, moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) and tricking filters (TFs). The effect of the addition of the redox mediator anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) (50 μM) to the system, hydraulic retention time (HRT) (6 and 4 h) in the MBBRs, and type of support medium (polyurethane foam cubes and K1 biomedia) in the TFs was evaluated. The acidogenic reactors were mainly responsible for the decolorization of RB5 in the anaerobic–aerobic designs evaluated in this study, and AQS significantly improved their decolorization efficiency. The use of a shorter HRT (4 h) in the MBBRs negatively influenced the color and COD removal performance in the reactors. Polyurethane foam proved to be more viable as a support medium, as it is a more accessible and low-cost material. Finally, acidogenic reactors followed by TFs filled with polyurethane foam cubes seemed to be the most promising design, both in terms of removing color, COD, and ammonia, and concerning the energy demand for system aeration. 50 (5 mg·L–1 mgL1 mgL mg L 1 posttreatment post units namely (MBBRs TFs. . (TFs) anthraquinone2sulfonate anthraquinonesulfonate anthraquinone 2 sulfonate (AQS μM (HRT 6 ( h K biomedia RB anaerobicaerobic anaerobic efficiency lowcost low cost material Finally design ammonia aeration mg·L– (TFs mg·L

ABSTRACT. Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack & Uecker and Macrophomina phaseolina Tassi (Goid) are phytopathogenic fungi responsible for causing "root rot and vine decline" in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Currently, cultural management practices are predominantly employed to control these pathogens, as the use of pesticides not only has detrimental environmental impacts but has also proven ineffective against them. These fungi have already undergone molecular characterization, and their genomes are now available, enabling the targeted search for protein targets. Therefore, this study aimed to identify novel target proteins that can serve as a foundation for the development of fungicides for effectively managing these pathogens. The genomes of M. cannonballus (assembly ASM415492v1) and M. phaseolina (assembly ASM2087553v1) were subjected to comprehensive analysis, filtration, and comparison. The proteomes of both fungi were clustered based on functional criteria, including putative and hypothetical functions, cell localization, and function-structure relationships. The selection process for homologs in the fungal genomes included a structural search. In the case of M. cannonballus, a total of 17,518 proteins were re-annotated, and among them, 13 candidate targets were identified. As for M. phaseolina, 30,226 initial proteins were analyzed, leading to the identification of 10 potential target proteins. This study thus provides new insights into the molecular functions of these potential targets, with the further validation of inhibitors through experimental methods holding promise for expanding our knowledge in this area. ABSTRACT Goid (Goid root decline Cucumis L.. L L. . L.) Currently pathogens them characterization available Therefore M assembly ASM415492v1 ASMv ASM v ASM2087553v1 analysis filtration comparison criteria localization functionstructure function structure relationships 17518 17 518 17,51 reannotated, reannotated re annotated, annotated re-annotated 1 identified 30226 30 226 30,22 analyzed area ASM415492v ASM2087553v 1751 51 17,5 3022 3 22 30,2 175 5 17, 302 2 30,

Chagas disease is a tropical neglected disease that affects millions of people worldwide, still demanding a more effective and safer therapy, especially in its chronic phase which lacks a treatment that promotes substantial parasitological cure. The technical note of Romanha and collaborators published in 2010 aimed establish a guideline with the set of minimum criteria and decision gates for the development of new agents against Trypanosoma cruzi with the focus on developing new antichagasic drugs. In this sense, the present review aims to update this technical note, bringing the state of the art and new advances on this topic in recent years. worldwide therapy cure 201 drugs sense years 20 2

ABSTRACT Background: The intensity of dengue virus (DV) replication and circulating non-structural protein 1 (NS1) levels may promote changes in the human immune response and favor severe forms of infection. We investigated the correlations between NS1 with CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels, and IFN-γ receptor α chain (CD119) expression, and CXCL10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with recombinant IFN-γ in DV-infected patients with different clinical forms. Methods: Dengue virus NS1, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels were measured in 152 DV-infected patients with different clinical forms and 20 non-infected individuals (NI) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we investigated the CXCL-10 production after in vitro IFN-γ stimulation of PBMCs from 48 DV-infected individuals (with different clinical forms of dengue fever) and 20 NI individuals using ELISA, and CD119 expression on CD14+ cells with flow cytometry. Results: Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) had significantly higher NS1, CXCL-8, and CXCL-10 serum levels than those with classic dengue fever (DF). The response of PBMCs to IFN-γ stimulation was lower in patients with DHF than in those with DF or dengue with complications (DWC), with lower CD119 expression and reduced CXCL-10 synthesis. In addition, these alterations are associated with high NS1 serum levels. Conclusions: Patients with DHF reported high NS1 levels, low CD119 expression, and low CXCL-10 synthesis in PBMCs, which may be associated with infection progression and severity. Background DV (DV nonstructural non structural NS (NS1 CXCL8, CXCL8 CXCL 8, 8 CXCL-8 CXCL10, 10, 10 IFNγ, IFNγ IFN γ, γ IL12p40 ILp IL 12p40 p IL-12p4 CD (CD119 CXCL1 (PBMCs DVinfected infected Methods 15 2 noninfected (NI enzymelinked enzyme linked ELISA. ELISA . (ELISA) addition CXCL-1 4 CD11 CD14 cytometry Results (DHF DF. (DF) DWC, DWC , (DWC) Conclusions severity (NS CXCL- IL12p4 12p4 IL-12p (CD11 (ELISA CD1 (DF (DWC IL12p 12p (CD1 (CD

Objetivo: mapear os conteúdos e os recursos dos aplicativos móveis sobre o manejo da Diabetes Mellitus e sua usabilidade nos principais sistemas operacionais. Método: pesquisa de benchmarking . O mapeamento dos apps , dos conteúdos e dos recursos nas plataformas Play Store e App Store foi realizado a partir de uma adaptação na estrutura de revisões de escopo da Joanna Briggs Institute. Para a análise da usabilidade, os aplicativos foram testados por duas semanas e utilizou-se o instrumento System Usability Scale , sendo que escores entre 50-67 pontos, é considerado limítrofe, entre 68-84, produtos com usabilidade aceitável e acima de 85, excelente aceitação pelo usuário e, para a análise, estatística descritiva. Resultados: os conteúdos mais prevalentes foram o manejo da glicemia capilar, alimentação, terapia medicamentosa oral e insulinoterapia. Quanto aos recursos, obteve-se a maior frequência de diários e gráficos. Em relação à usabilidade, dois apps foram considerados de excelente aceitação; 34, produtos com usabilidade aceitável; 29, o recurso pode apresentar algumas falhas, mas tem padrões de usabilidade ainda aceitáveis e 6, com falhas sem condições de usabilidade. Conclusão: os conteúdos e os recursos de aplicativos móveis abordam os pontos fundamentais para o manejo da Diabetes Mellitus com recursos de fácil utilização, com usabilidade aceitável pelos usuários e tem potencial para auxiliar no manejo da Diabetes Mellitus no dia a dia dos pacientes. Objetivo operacionais Método Institute utilizouse utilizou se 5067 50 67 50-6 limítrofe 6884, 6884 68 84, 84 68-84 85 descritiva Resultados capilar alimentação insulinoterapia obtevese obteve gráficos 34 29 6 Conclusão utilização pacientes 506 5 50- 688 8 68-8 3 2 68-

Objective: to map the content and features of mobile applications on the management of Diabetes Mellitus and their usability on the main operating systems. Method: benchmarking research. The mapping of apps, content, and resources on the Play Store and App Store platforms was based on an adaptation of the Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review framework. For the usability analysis, the apps were tested for two weeks and the System Usability Scale instrument was used, with scores between 50-67 points being considered borderline, between 68-84, products with acceptable usability and above 85, excellent user acceptance and, for the analysis, descriptive statistics. Results: the most prevalent contents were capillary blood glucose management, diet, oral drug therapy, and insulin therapy. As for resources, diaries and graphs were the most common. With regard to usability, two apps were considered to have excellent usability; 34, products with acceptable usability; 29, the resource may have some flaws but still has acceptable usability standards and 6, with flaws and no usability conditions. Conclusion: the content and resources of mobile applications address the fundamental points for managing Diabetes Mellitus with user-friendly resources, with usability acceptable to users and have the potential to assist in the management of Diabetes Mellitus in patients’ daily lives. Objective systems Method research Institutes Institute s framework analysis used 5067 50 67 50-6 borderline 6884, 6884 68 84, 84 68-84 85 statistics Results diet therapy common 34 29 6 conditions Conclusion userfriendly friendly patients lives 506 5 50- 688 8 68-8 3 2 68-

Objetivo: mapear los contenidos y los recursos de los aplicativos móviles sobre el manejo de la Diabetes Mellitus y su usabilidad en los principales sistemas operacionales. Método: investigaciones de benchmarking . El mapeo de los apps , de los contenidos y recursos en las plataformas Play Store y App Store fue realizado a partir de una adaptación en la estructura de revisiones del objetivo del Joanna Briggs Institute. Para el análisis de la usabilidad, los aplicativos fueron comprobados por dos semanas; para esto, se utilizó el instrumento System Usability Scale , siendo que puntajes entre 50-67 puntos, son considerados limítrofes; entre 68-84, tienen usabilidad aceptable; y, arriba de 85, tienen excelente aceptación por el usuario y para realizar análisis estadística descriptiva. Resultados: los contenidos más prevalentes fueron el manejo de la glucemia capilar, alimentación, terapia medicamentosa oral e insulinoterapia. En cuanto a los recursos se obtuvo mayor frecuencia de diarios y gráficos. En relación a la usabilidad, 2 apps fueron considerados de excelente aceptación; 34, productos con usabilidad aceptable; 29, los apps pueden presentar algunas fallas, sin embargo tiene estándares de usabilidad todavía aceptables; y, 6 presentaron fallas sin condiciones de usabilidad. Conclusión: los contenidos y los recursos de aplicativos móviles abordan los puntos fundamentales para el manejo de la diabetes mellitus, con recursos de fácil utilización, usabilidad aceptable por los usuarios y con potencial para auxiliar en el manejo de la diabetes mellitus, en el día a día de los pacientes. Objetivo operacionales Método Institute semanas esto 5067 50 67 50-6 limítrofes 6884, 6884 68 84, 84 68-84 85 descriptiva Resultados capilar alimentación insulinoterapia gráficos 34 29 aceptables Conclusión mellitus utilización pacientes 506 5 50- 688 8 68-8 3 68-

RESUMO Objetivos: validar o conteúdo de um instrumento para a avaliação da assistência à hanseníase em menores de 15 anos no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo, segundo a avaliação de atributos essenciais e derivados na atenção primária, na versão profissional. Para a análise dos dados, foram calculados o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC ≥ 0,8) e o Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: observou-se um maior percentual de juízes entre enfermeiros (61,5%); com doutorado (46,2%), e que atuavam no ensino e na pesquisa (77%). O Índice de Validação de Conteúdo geral do instrumento foi de 0,98. Na análise do Alfa de Cronbach do instrumento, o valor atribuído foi de 0,717. Conclusões: o instrumento representa um avanço na mensuração de políticas avaliativas de saúde e pode contribuir significativamente para a melhoria da qualidade da atenção prestada a crianças e adolescentes com hanseníase. Objetivos 1 Saúde Métodos primária profissional dados IVC 0,8 08 0 8 Resultados observouse observou se 61,5% 615 61 5 (61,5%) 46,2%, 462 46,2% , 46 2 (46,2%) 77%. 77 77% . (77%) 098 98 0,98 0717 717 0,717 Conclusões 0, 61,5 6 (61,5% 46,2 4 (46,2% 7 (77% 09 9 0,9 071 71 0,71 61, (61,5 46, (46,2 (77 07 0,7 (61, (46, (7 (61 (46 ( (6 (4

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate the content of an instrument for assessing leprosy care in individuals under 15 years old in the context of Primary Health Care. Methods: methodological study of content validation, based on the evaluation of essential and derived attributes in primary care, in the professional version. For data analysis, the Content Validation Index (CVI ≥ 0.8) and Cronbach’s Alpha were calculated. Results: a higher percentage of judges among nurses (61.5%) was observed; with a doctorate (46.2%), and engaged in teaching and research (77%). The overall Content Validation Index of the instrument was 0.98. In the analysis of Cronbach’s Alpha of the instrument, the assigned value was 0.717. Conclusions: the instrument represents an advancement in the measurement of health evaluation policies and can significantly contribute to improving the quality of care provided to children and adolescents with leprosy. Objectives 1 Care Methods validation version CVI 0.8 08 0 8 Cronbachs Cronbach s calculated Results 61.5% 615 61 5 (61.5% observed 46.2%, 462 46.2% , 46 2 (46.2%) 77%. 77 77% . (77%) 098 98 0.98 0717 717 0.717 Conclusions 0. 61.5 6 (61.5 46.2 4 (46.2% 7 (77% 09 9 0.9 071 71 0.71 61. (61. 46. (46.2 (77 07 0.7 (61 (46. (7 (6 (46 ( (4

RESUMEN Objetivos: validar el contenido de un instrumento para evaluar la atención a la lepra en menores de 15 años en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Métodos: estudio metodológico de validación de contenido, según la evaluación de atributos esenciales y derivados en la atención primaria, en su versión profesional. Para el análisis de los datos, se calcularon el Índice de Validación de Contenido (IVC ≥ 0,8) y el Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: se observó un mayor porcentaje de jueces entre enfermeros (61,5%); con doctorado (46,2%), y que trabajaban en enseñanza e investigación (77%). El Índice de Validación de Contenido general del instrumento fue de 0,98. En el análisis del Alfa de Cronbach del instrumento, se atribuyó un valor de 0,717. Conclusiones: el instrumento representa un avance en la medición de políticas evaluativas de salud y puede contribuir significativamente a la mejora de la calidad de la atención prestada a niños y adolescentes con lepra. Objetivos 1 Salud Métodos primaria profesional datos IVC 0,8 08 0 8 Resultados 61,5% 615 61 5 (61,5%) 46,2%, 462 46,2% , 46 2 (46,2%) 77%. 77 77% . (77%) 098 98 0,98 0717 717 0,717 Conclusiones 0, 61,5 6 (61,5% 46,2 4 (46,2% 7 (77% 09 9 0,9 071 71 0,71 61, (61,5 46, (46,2 (77 07 0,7 (61, (46, (7 (61 (46 ( (6 (4

Abstract Since the inception of COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a challenging race for the development of precise diagnostic tests. Specific SARS-CoV-2 serological assays are the main tools used to estimate the rate of past infections or herd immunity in epidemiological studies, in addition to being helpful in guiding public health management policies. In this study, an in-house ELISA based on the construct of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) proteins, named rCoV2, rCoV4, and rCoV7, showed diagnostic performance for the detection of IgG antibodies. Sensitivity was evaluated in serum samples from patients with mild to moderate or severe COVID-19 infections, which were collected at different time points, while specificity was evaluated using pre-pandemic sera. In samples from mild to moderate cases obtained ≥16 days after the onset of symptoms, the sensitivities for rCoV2, rCoV4, and rCoV7 were 66.7%, 75%, and 77.8%, respectively. For samples from severe cases, the sensitivity was above 80% for all constructs. All proteins showed high specificity (94-98%). Overall, rCoV7 (C-terminus N-protein portion) showed better diagnostic performance, with 62.3% sensitivity in moderate and severe cases and 96.6% specificity. The SARS-CoV-2 ELISA using N-protein-based constructs could be a promisor tool for investigate the epidemiology of COVID-19 and monitor population-level serosurveillance. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic tests SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- studies policies study inhouse house N (N rCoV2 rCoV rCoV4 antibodies points prepandemic pre sera 16 ≥1 symptoms 667 66 7 66.7% 75 75% 778 77 8 77.8% respectively 80 9498%. 9498 94 98% . 98 (94-98%) Overall Cterminus C terminus Nprotein protein portion 623 62 3 62.3 966 96 6 96.6 Nproteinbased populationlevel population level serosurveillance COVID1 1 COVID- SARS-CoV ≥ 66.7 77.8 9498% 949 9 (94-98% 62. 96. 66. 77. (94-98 (94-9 (94- (94 (9 (

Abstract Biodiesel serves as a biodegradable, non-toxic, and renewable fuel option that offers an alternative to traditional fossil fuels. This study aimed to examine the impact of elevating biodiesel content to 20% and 50% within regular diesel, with a focus on comprehending how these fuel mixtures influence variations in soot composition using Raman spectroscopy. The soot samples under analysis originated from commercial S10 diesel, as well as fuel blends containing 20% and 50% portions of sunflower and macaúba biodiesel, whereupon the use of this methodology for these fuels characterizes the novelty of this work. The outcomes derived from analyzing the soot samples revealed distinct characteristics in the G, D1, D3, and D4 bands. The ratio between the intensities of these D and G bands is closely indicative of the soot's structure. Consequently, this ratio was analyzed in this investigation to assess the effects of biodiesel concentration and engine rotation speed on soot characteristics. The conclusions found in this study indicated that there was minimal variation in the spectral characteristics of the soot samples across the different fuels and varying engine speeds. As a result, it is inferred that increasing the proportion of biodiesel in commercial diesel S10 did not have a significant impact on the structural composition of soot. biodegradable nontoxic, nontoxic non toxic, toxic non-toxic 20 50 spectroscopy S S1 work D1 D3 soots s structure Consequently speeds result 2 5