Abstract: Eugenia klotzschiana, commonly known as pêra-do-cerrado, belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It is an unconventional food plant that is exploited in an extractive manner. The purpose of this study was to investigate the germination behavior of E. klotzschiana O. Berg seeds and their sensitivity to desiccation. The seeds were manually pulped from the fruits and stored in plastic containers. The initial water content was subsequently determined using the oven method at 105°C for 24 hours, yielding a value of 46.6%. Sub-samples were then separated to obtain the desired water contents of 40%, 32%, 22%, and 15% for treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5. The data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA) and, if significant by the F test (p<0.05), the means were compared using the T test. Graphs with 95% confidence intervals were generated to illustrate the comparisons. The seedling development data was arranged in a box plot. The R software was used for these analyses. The data analysis revealed that E. klotzschiana O. Berg seeds do not have the potential to germinate with a water content lower than 22.50% moisture. Furthermore, the water content with the highest percentage, 46.6%, resulted in 100% germination. Abstract pêradocerrado, pêradocerrado pêra cerrado, cerrado pêra-do-cerrado family manner E O desiccation containers 105C C 105 2 hours 466 46 6 46.6% Subsamples Sub samples 40 40% 32 32% 22 22% 15 3 4 5 ANOVA (ANOVA p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 , 0 05 (p<0.05) 95 comparisons plot analyses 2250 50 22.50 moisture Furthermore percentage 100 10 46.6 1 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 9 225 22.5 46. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 22. p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Eugenia klotzschiana (pêra-do-cerrado) pertence à família Myrtaceae. É caracterizada como planta alimentícia não convencional, sendo explorada de forma extrativista. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para conhecer o comportamento germinativo das sementes de E. klotzschiana e ainda a sua sensibilidade à dessecação. Após a despolpa dos frutos, realizada manualmente, as sementes foram armazena das em embalagens plásticas. O teor de água inicial foi determinado pelo método da estufa a 105°C por 24 horas, com valor de 46,6%. Separaram-se, em seguida,subamostras para obtenção dos demais teores de água desejados: 40%, 32%, 22% e 15%, sendo,respectivamente,os tratamentos 2, 3, 4 e 5. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância(ANOVA) e, quando significativas pelo teste F (p<0,05), as médias foram comparadas pelo teste T. Para ilustrar as comparações, foram gerados gráficos com intervalos de confiança de95%. Foi realizada também a disposição dos dados do desenvolvimento das plântulas em Boxplot. Essas análises foram desenvolvidas utilizando-se o software R. A partir da análise dos dados,foi possível constatar que as sementes de E. klotzschiana O. Berg nãoapresentam potencial germinativo com teor de água inferior a 22,5% de umidade. Além disso, o maiorteor de água de 46,6% proporcionou 100% de germinação. pêradocerrado pêra cerrado (pêra-do-cerrado Myrtaceae convencional extrativista E dessecação frutos manualmente plásticas 105C C 105 2 horas 466 46 6 Separaramse, Separaramse Separaram se, se Separaram-se seguidasubamostras seguida subamostras desejados 40 40% 32 32% 22 15 15% sendorespectivamenteos respectivamente os 3 5 variânciaANOVA variância ANOVA variância(ANOVA p<0,05, p005 p p<0,05 , 0 05 (p<0,05) T comparações de95 de95% Boxplot utilizandose utilizando R dadosfoi 225 22,5 umidade disso 46,6 100 germinação 10 1 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 de9 22, 46, p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT Background: Approximately 71 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. A significant number of these individuals will develop liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Beyond the liver, there is a sizeable body of scientific evidence linking cardiovascular disease and chronic hepatitis C (CHC); however, the biological mechanisms behind the concurrence of these conditions have not been completely clarified yet. Objective: To evaluate associations between hepatic histology, clinical comorbidities and lipid profile in patients with CHC. To investigate associations between liver histology and demographic, nutritional, biochemical and virological parameters. Methods: Eight-five patients with CHC prospectively underwent hepatic biopsy. Liver fragments were obtained from each patient by percutaneous route using a Menghini needle. Fibrosis was evaluated according to the METAVIR scoring system, as follows: F0, no fibrosis; F1, fibrous portal expansion; F2, fibrous portal widening with few septa; F3, bridging fibrosis with architectural distortion; and F4, liver cirrhosis. The activity was classified based on the degree of lymphocyte infiltration and hepatocyte necrosis, from A0 to A3. The diagnosis of liver disease was based on clinical, biochemical, histological, and radiological methods. The data were analyzed by logistic regression models. Results: This cross-sectional study included 85 outpatients followed at the tertiary care ambulatory centre with a mean age of 57.2±10.7 years and 45 (52.9%) were females. There were 10 patients with cirrhosis. Patients with a METAVIR F3-F4 were significantly older (P=0.02) and had higher levels of ALT (P=0.0006), AST (P<0.0001), γ-GT (P=0.03) and bilirubin (P=0.001) and higher prothrombin time than patients with F0-F2 score. Albumin levels (P=0.01) were significantly lower in METAVIR F3-F4. Age (OR=1.09; 95%CI=1.02-1.16; P=0.02), steatosis (OR=4.03; 95%CI=1.05-15.45; P=0.04) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <60 mg/dL (OR=7.67; 95%CI=1.71-34.49; P=0.008) were independently associated with fibrosis. Hypertension (OR=6.36; 95%CI=1.31-30.85; P=0.02) and HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=9.85; 95%CI=2.35-41.39; P=0.002) were independently associated with necroinflammatory activity. Hypertension (OR=6.94; 95%CI=1.92-25.05; P=0.003) and HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=3.94; 95%CI=1.27-12.3; P=0.02) were associated with interface inflammatory activity. Triglycerides (TG ≥150 mg/dL) remained associated with lobular inflammatory activity. Conclusion: cholesterol levels <60 mg/dL were independently associated with necroinflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis C. Patients with hypertension are at an increased risk of developing necroinflammatory activity. Background 7 HCV (HCV worldwide andor or carcinoma (CHC) however yet Objective demographic nutritional parameters Methods Eightfive Eight five biopsy needle system follows F0 F F1 expansion F2 septa F3 distortion F4 necrosis A3 histological methods models Results crosssectional cross sectional 8 572107 57 2 57.2±10. 4 52.9% 529 52 9 (52.9% females 1 F3F4 FF F3-F P=0.02 P002 P 0 02 (P=0.02 P=0.0006, P00006 P=0.0006 , 0006 (P=0.0006) P<0.0001, P00001 P<0.0001 0001 (P<0.0001) γGT γ GT P=0.03 P003 03 (P=0.03 P=0.001 P0001 001 (P=0.001 F0F2 F0-F score P=0.01 P001 01 (P=0.01 F3F4. F4. OR=1.09 OR109 OR 09 (OR=1.09 95%CI=1.021.16 95CI102116 CI 95%CI=1.02 1.16 95 16 95%CI=1.02-1.16 P=0.02, OR=4.03 OR403 (OR=4.03 95%CI=1.0515.45 95CI1051545 95%CI=1.05 15.45 05 15 95%CI=1.05-15.45 P=0.04 P004 04 highdensity high density HDLC HDL (HDL-C 60 <6 mgdL mg dL OR=7.67 OR767 67 (OR=7.67 95%CI=1.7134.49 95CI1713449 95%CI=1.71 34.49 34 49 95%CI=1.71-34.49 P=0.008 P0008 008 OR=6.36 OR636 6 36 (OR=6.36 95%CI=1.3130.85 95CI1313085 95%CI=1.31 30.85 31 30 95%CI=1.31-30.85 OR=9.85 OR985 (OR=9.85 95%CI=2.3541.39 95CI2354139 95%CI=2.35 41.39 35 41 39 95%CI=2.35-41.39 P=0.002 P0002 002 OR=6.94 OR694 94 (OR=6.94 95%CI=1.9225.05 95CI1922505 95%CI=1.92 25.05 92 25 95%CI=1.92-25.05 P=0.003 P0003 003 OR=3.94 OR394 3 (OR=3.94 95%CI=1.2712.3 95CI127123 95%CI=1.27 12.3 27 12 95%CI=1.27-12.3 TG 150 ≥15 Conclusion (CHC 57210 5 57.2±10 52.9 (52.9 F3F P=0.0 P00 (P=0.0 P0000 P=0.000 000 (P=0.0006 P<0.000 (P<0.0001 P=0.00 P000 00 (P=0.00 F0F OR=1.0 OR10 (OR=1.0 021 95%CI=1.021.1 95CI10211 95CI102 95%CI=1.0 116 1.1 95%CI=1.02-1.1 OR=4.0 OR40 (OR=4.0 0515 95%CI=1.0515.4 95CI105154 95CI105 1545 15.4 95%CI=1.05-15.4 < OR=7.6 OR76 (OR=7.6 7134 95%CI=1.7134.4 95CI171344 95CI171 95%CI=1.7 3449 34.4 95%CI=1.71-34.4 OR=6.3 OR63 (OR=6.3 3130 95%CI=1.3130.8 95CI131308 95CI131 95%CI=1.3 3085 30.8 95%CI=1.31-30.8 OR=9.8 OR98 (OR=9.8 3541 95%CI=2.3541.3 95CI235413 95CI235 95%CI=2.3 4139 41.3 95%CI=2.35-41.3 OR=6.9 OR69 (OR=6.9 9225 95%CI=1.9225.0 95CI192250 95CI192 95%CI=1.9 2505 25.0 95%CI=1.92-25.0 OR=3.9 OR39 (OR=3.9 2712 95%CI=1.2712. 95CI12712 95CI127 95%CI=1.2 123 12. 95%CI=1.27-12. ≥1 5721 57.2±1 52. (52. P=0. P0 (P=0. (P=0.000 P<0.00 (P<0.000 OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. 95%CI=1.021. 95CI1021 95CI10 95%CI=1. 11 1. 95%CI=1.02-1. OR=4. OR4 (OR=4. 051 95%CI=1.0515. 95CI10515 154 15. 95%CI=1.05-15. OR=7. OR7 (OR=7. 713 95%CI=1.7134. 95CI17134 95CI17 344 34. 95%CI=1.71-34. OR=6. OR6 (OR=6. 313 95%CI=1.3130. 95CI13130 95CI13 308 30. 95%CI=1.31-30. OR=9. OR9 (OR=9. 354 95%CI=2.3541. 95CI23541 95CI23 95%CI=2. 413 41. 95%CI=2.35-41. 922 95%CI=1.9225. 95CI19225 95CI19 250 25. 95%CI=1.92-25. OR=3. OR3 (OR=3. 271 95%CI=1.2712 95CI1271 95CI12 95%CI=1.27-12 ≥ 572 57.2± (52 P=0 (P=0 P<0.0 (P<0.00 OR=1 (OR=1 95%CI=1.021 95CI1 95%CI=1 95%CI=1.02-1 OR=4 (OR=4 95%CI=1.0515 95CI1051 95%CI=1.05-15 OR=7 (OR=7 95%CI=1.7134 95CI1713 95%CI=1.71-34 OR=6 (OR=6 95%CI=1.3130 95CI1313 95%CI=1.31-30 OR=9 (OR=9 95%CI=2.3541 95CI2354 95CI2 95%CI=2 95%CI=2.35-41 95%CI=1.9225 95CI1922 95%CI=1.92-25 OR=3 (OR=3 95%CI=1.271 95%CI=1.27-1 57.2 (5 P= (P= P<0. (P<0.0 OR= (OR= 95CI 95%CI= 95%CI=1.02- 95%CI=1.051 95%CI=1.05-1 95%CI=1.713 95%CI=1.71-3 95%CI=1.313 95%CI=1.31-3 95%CI=2.354 95%CI=2.35-4 95%CI=1.922 95%CI=1.92-2 95%CI=1.27- 57. ( (P P<0 (P<0. (OR 95%CI 95%CI=1.05- 95%CI=1.71- 95%CI=1.31- 95%CI=2.35- 95%CI=1.92- P< (P<0 (P<

RESUMO Contexto: Aproximadamente 71 milhões de pessoas estão infectadas pelo vírus da hepatite C em todo o mundo. Um número significativo desses indivíduos desenvolverá cirrose hepática e/ou carcinoma hepatocelular. Além do fígado, há evidências científicas que associam doenças cardiovasculares e hepatite C crônica; no entanto, os mecanismos biológicos implicados na ocorrência dessas condições ainda não foram completamente esclarecidos. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre histologia hepática, comorbidades clínicas e perfil lipídico em pacientes com hepatite C crônica. Investigar associações entre histologia hepática e parâmetros demográficos, nutricionais, bioquímicos e virológicos. Métodos: Oitenta e cinco pacientes com hepatite C crônica foram prospectivamente submetidos à biópsia hepática. Biópsias hepáticas foram obtidas de cada paciente por via percutânea com agulha de Menghini. A fibrose foi avaliada de acordo com o sistema de pontuação METAVIR, como segue: F0, sem fibrose; F1, expansão portal fibrosa; F2, alargamento portal fibroso com poucos septos; F3, fibrose em ponte com distorção arquitetônica; e F4, cirrose hepática. A atividade foi classificada com base no grau de infiltração de linfócitos e necrose de hepatócitos, de A0 a A3. O diagnóstico da doença hepática foi baseado em métodos clínicos, bioquímicos, histológicos e radiológicos. Os dados foram analisados por modelos de regressão logística. Resultados: Neste estudo transversal, realizado em um ambulatório do hospital universitário, foram incluídos 85 pacientes que tinham média de idade de 57,2±10,7 anos, sendo 45 (52,9%) do sexo feminino. Havia 10 pacientes com cirrose. Os pacientes com METAVIR F3-F4 eram significativamente mais velhos (P=0,02) e tinham níveis mais elevados de ALT (P=0,0006), AST (P<0,0001), γ-GT (P=0,03) e bilirrubina (P=0,001) e, maior tempo de protrombina do que pacientes com escore F0-F2. Os níveis de albumina (P=0,01) foram significativamente mais baixos naqueles classificados como METAVIR F3-F4. Idade (OR=1,09; IC95%=1,02-1,16; P=0,02), esteatose (OR=4,03; IC95%=1,05-15,45; P=0,04) e HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=7,67; 95%IC=1,71-34,49; P=0,008) foram independentemente associados à fibrose. Hipertensão (OR=6,36; IC95%=1,31-30,85; P=0,02) e HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=9,85; IC95%=2,35-41,39; P=0,002) foram independentemente associados à atividade necroinflamatória. Hipertensão (OR=6,94; IC 95%=1,92-25,05; P=0,003) e HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=3,94; IC95%=1,27-12,3; P=0,02) foram associados à atividade inflamatória de interface. Os triglicerídeos (TG >150 mg/dL) permaneceram associados à atividade inflamatória lobular. Conclusão: Níveis de coleterol HDL <60 mg/dL foram independentemente associados à atividade necroinflamatória na hepatite C crônica. Pacientes com hipertensão têm risco aumentado de desenvolver atividade necroinflamatória. Contexto 7 mundo eou ou hepatocelular fígado entanto esclarecidos Objetivo demográficos nutricionais virológicos Métodos Menghini segue F0 F F1 fibrosa F2 septos F3 arquitetônica F4 hepatócitos A3 clínicos radiológicos logística Resultados transversal universitário 8 572107 57 2 57,2±10, anos 4 52,9% 529 52 9 (52,9% feminino 1 F3F4 FF F3-F P=0,02 P002 P 0 02 (P=0,02 P=0,0006, P00006 P=0,0006 , 0006 (P=0,0006) P<0,0001, P00001 P<0,0001 0001 (P<0,0001) γGT γ GT P=0,03 P003 03 (P=0,03 P=0,001 P0001 001 (P=0,001 F0F2. F0F2 F2. F0-F2 P=0,01 P001 01 (P=0,01 F3F4. F4. OR=1,09 OR109 OR 09 (OR=1,09 IC95%=1,021,16 IC95102116 IC95%=1,02 1,16 IC95 16 IC95%=1,02-1,16 P=0,02, OR=4,03 OR403 (OR=4,03 IC95%=1,0515,45 IC951051545 IC95%=1,05 15,45 05 15 IC95%=1,05-15,45 P=0,04 P004 04 HDLC 60 <6 mgdL mg dL OR=7,67 OR767 67 (OR=7,67 95%IC=1,7134,49 95IC1713449 95%IC=1,71 34,49 95 34 49 95%IC=1,71-34,49 P=0,008 P0008 008 OR=6,36 OR636 6 36 (OR=6,36 IC95%=1,3130,85 IC951313085 IC95%=1,31 30,85 31 30 IC95%=1,31-30,85 OR=9,85 OR985 (OR=9,85 IC95%=2,3541,39 IC952354139 IC95%=2,35 41,39 35 41 39 IC95%=2,35-41,39 P=0,002 P0002 002 OR=6,94 OR694 94 (OR=6,94 95%=1,9225,05 951922505 95%=1,92 25,05 92 25 95%=1,92-25,05 P=0,003 P0003 003 OR=3,94 OR394 3 (OR=3,94 IC95%=1,2712,3 IC95127123 IC95%=1,27 12,3 27 12 IC95%=1,27-12,3 interface TG 150 >15 lobular Conclusão 57210 5 57,2±10 52,9 (52,9 F3F P=0,0 P00 (P=0,0 P0000 P=0,000 000 (P=0,0006 P<0,000 (P<0,0001 P=0,00 P000 00 (P=0,00 F0F F0-F OR=1,0 OR10 (OR=1,0 021 IC95%=1,021,1 IC9510211 IC95102 IC95%=1,0 116 1,1 IC9 IC95%=1,02-1,1 OR=4,0 OR40 (OR=4,0 0515 IC95%=1,0515,4 IC95105154 IC95105 1545 15,4 IC95%=1,05-15,4 < OR=7,6 OR76 (OR=7,6 7134 95%IC=1,7134,4 95IC171344 95IC171 95%IC=1,7 3449 34,4 95%IC=1,71-34,4 OR=6,3 OR63 (OR=6,3 3130 IC95%=1,3130,8 IC95131308 IC95131 IC95%=1,3 3085 30,8 IC95%=1,31-30,8 OR=9,8 OR98 (OR=9,8 3541 IC95%=2,3541,3 IC95235413 IC95235 IC95%=2,3 4139 41,3 IC95%=2,35-41,3 OR=6,9 OR69 (OR=6,9 9225 95%=1,9225,0 95192250 95192 95%=1,9 2505 25,0 95%=1,92-25,0 OR=3,9 OR39 (OR=3,9 2712 IC95%=1,2712, IC9512712 IC95127 IC95%=1,2 123 12, IC95%=1,27-12, >1 5721 57,2±1 52, (52, P=0, P0 (P=0, (P=0,000 P<0,00 (P<0,000 OR=1, OR1 (OR=1, IC95%=1,021, IC951021 IC9510 IC95%=1, 11 1, IC95%=1,02-1, OR=4, OR4 (OR=4, 051 IC95%=1,0515, IC9510515 154 15, IC95%=1,05-15, OR=7, OR7 (OR=7, 713 95%IC=1,7134, 95IC17134 95IC17 95%IC=1, 344 34, 95%IC=1,71-34, OR=6, OR6 (OR=6, 313 IC95%=1,3130, IC9513130 IC9513 308 30, IC95%=1,31-30, OR=9, OR9 (OR=9, 354 IC95%=2,3541, IC9523541 IC9523 IC95%=2, 413 41, IC95%=2,35-41, 922 95%=1,9225, 9519225 9519 95%=1, 250 25, 95%=1,92-25, OR=3, OR3 (OR=3, 271 IC95%=1,2712 IC951271 IC9512 IC95%=1,27-12 > 572 57,2± (52 P=0 (P=0 P<0,0 (P<0,00 OR=1 (OR=1 IC95%=1,021 IC951 IC95%=1 IC95%=1,02-1 OR=4 (OR=4 IC95%=1,0515 IC951051 IC95%=1,05-15 OR=7 (OR=7 95%IC=1,7134 95IC1713 95IC1 95%IC=1 95%IC=1,71-34 OR=6 (OR=6 IC95%=1,3130 IC951313 IC95%=1,31-30 OR=9 (OR=9 IC95%=2,3541 IC952354 IC952 IC95%=2 IC95%=2,35-41 95%=1,9225 951922 951 95%=1 95%=1,92-25 OR=3 (OR=3 IC95%=1,271 IC95%=1,27-1 57,2 (5 P= (P= P<0, (P<0,0 OR= (OR= IC95%= IC95%=1,02- IC95%=1,051 IC95%=1,05-1 95%IC=1,713 95IC 95%IC= 95%IC=1,71-3 IC95%=1,313 IC95%=1,31-3 IC95%=2,354 IC95%=2,35-4 95%=1,922 95%= 95%=1,92-2 IC95%=1,27- 57, ( (P P<0 (P<0, (OR IC95% IC95%=1,05- 95%IC 95%IC=1,71- IC95%=1,31- IC95%=2,35- 95% 95%=1,92- P< (P<0 (P<

ABSTRACT Tangerines and their hybrids are affected by economically essential diseases. The Alternaria brown spot (Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri) deserves to be highlighted, as it is present in all tangerine production areas. This study aimed to determine the effect of essential oils on A. alternata f. sp. citri. The experiments were carried out in the Laboratories of Phytopathology and Biology and Technology of Post-Harvest of the Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB. Three pathogen isolates were used, and ten essential oils from grape, sunflower, eucalyptus, ginger, copaiba, mint, fennel, citronella, clove, and linseed at a concentration of 1%, diluted in potato dextrose agar for in vitro tests. The oils were diluted in distilled water for the fruit test, and the fruits were immersed in the treatments for 5 min. In addition, the fungicide Thiabendazole (400 mL/100L) and sterile distilled water were used as the control treatments. The fruits were inoculated with a conidia suspension of the pathogen (105 conidia/mL). Mycelial Growth Rate Index, colony diameter, spore production and dimensions, fruit disease severity, and enzymatic activity were evaluated. A completely randomized design was used, with 12 treatments and four replications in vivo. The results indicate that the essential oils of mint, eucalyptus, fennel, and citronella were efficient in the in vitro control of the pathogen, ultimately inhibiting the growth of fungal colonies. Eucalyptus oil efficiently managed A. alternata f. sp. citri on ‘Dancy’ tangerine fruits. Essential oils did not influence the enzymatic activity of the fruits. diseases f sp highlighted areas PostHarvest Post Harvest Paraíba Areia PB grape sunflower eucalyptus ginger copaiba mint fennel clove 1 1% tests test min addition 400 (40 mL/100L mL100L mLL mL 100L L 105 (10 conidia/mL. conidiamL conidia/mL . conidia/mL) Index diameter dimensions severity evaluated vivo colonies ‘Dancy Dancy 40 (4 10 (1 4 (

RESUMO As tangerineiras e seus híbridos são acometidos por doenças economicamente importantes. Merece destaque a mancha marrom de Alternaria (Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri), por estar presente em todas as áreas de produção de tangerinas. Esse trabalho objetivou determinar o efeito de óleos essenciais sobre A. alternata f. sp. citri. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Fitopatologia, e no laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pós-Colheita da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB. Foram utilizados três isolados do patógeno, e dez óleos essenciais de sementes de uva, girassol, eucalipto, gengibre, copaíba, menta, ervadoce, citronela, cravo e linhaça na concentração de 1%, diluídos em meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar, para os testes in vitro. Para o teste nos frutos os óleos foram diluídos em água destilada e os frutos imersos nos tratamentos por 5 min. Além do fungicida Tiabendazol (400 mL/100L) e água destilada estéril consistiram nas testemunhas. Os frutos foram inoculados com suspensão de conídios do patógeno (105 conídios/mL). Avaliou-se o índice de velocidade de crescimento micelial, diâmetro de colônia, produção e dimensões de esporos, severidade da doença em frutos e atividade enzimática. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos e quatro repetições in vivo. Os resultados indicam que, os óleos essenciais de menta, eucalipto, erva-doce e citronela foram eficientes no controle in vitro do patógeno, inibindo totalmente o crescimento das colônias fúngicas. O óleo de eucalipto foi eficiente no manejo de A. alternata f. sp. citri em frutos de tangerineira ‘Dancy’. Os óleos essenciais não influenciaram na atividade enzimática dos frutos. importantes f sp citri, , citri) tangerinas A Fitopatologia PósColheita Pós Colheita Paraíba Areia PB uva girassol gengibre copaíba menta ervadoce 1 1% batatadextroseágar, batatadextroseágar batata dextrose ágar, ágar batata-dextrose-ágar min 400 (40 mL/100L mL100L mLL mL 100L L testemunhas 105 (10 conídios/mL. conídiosmL conídios/mL . conídios/mL) Avaliouse Avaliou se micelial colônia esporos Utilizouse Utilizou casualizado vivo que erva doce fúngicas ‘Dancy. Dancy ‘Dancy ‘Dancy’ 40 (4 10 (1 4 (

Abstract Objective To analyze the risk of falls and its association with demographic and clinical variables, cognitive status, risk of sarcopenia and frailty among older adults hospitalized in a medical clinic of a university hospital. Method A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional analytical study of 60 older adults hospitalized in the medical clinic of a university hospital in São Paulo city, São Paulo state, Brazil, was carried out. Questionnaires collecting demographic profile and clinical data, the Mini-Mental State Examination, Morse Scale, SARC-F Scale and Tilburg Frailty Indicator were applied. Descriptive analyses and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test were performed. Spearman’s correlation test was used for quantitative variables and the Mann-Whitney U-test for categorical variables. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the associations and a significance level of 5% was adopted. Results The study sample comprised predominantly individuals that were female, aged 60-79 years and without a partner. Overall, 80% had cognitive impairment, 88.3% were diagnosed as frail, 60% were at risk for sarcopenia, and 75% had a high risk of falls during hospitalization. Cognitive impairment, frailty and sarcopenia risk were associated with risk of falls in the hospitalized older adults. Conclusion High risk of falls in the hospitalized older adults was directly associated with the presence of cognitive impairment, frailty syndrome and sarcopenia risk, confirming that these factors warrant attention from managers and nursing professionals. status observational crosssectional cross sectional 6 city state Brazil out data MiniMental Mini Mental Examination SARCF SARC F applied KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov performed Spearmans Spearman s MannWhitney Mann Whitney Utest U 5 adopted female 6079 79 60-7 partner Overall 80 impairment 883 88 3 88.3 frail 75 hospitalization professionals 607 7 60- 8 88.

Resumo Objetivo analisar o risco de queda e sua associação com as variáveis demográficas, clínicas, estado cognitivo, risco de sarcopenia e fragilidade da pessoa idosa hospitalizada em uma clínica médica de um hospital universitário. Método Estudo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e analítico realizado com 60 pessoas idosas hospitalizadas na clínica médica de um hospital universitário da cidade de São Paulo – SP, Brasil, com o uso dos seguintes questionários: perfil demográfico, dados clínicos, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Morse, Escala SARC-F e Índice de Fragilidade Tilburg. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para as variáveis quantitativas foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Spearman e para categóricas, o teste U Mann-Whitney. Para identificar a associação, foi utilizada a regressão linear múltipla e adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Predomínio do sexo feminino, entre 60-79 anos e sem companheiro (a). Ademais, 80% apresentavam comprometimento cognitivo, 88,3% foram categorizados como frágeis, 60% apresentavam risco para sarcopenia e 75% possuíam alto risco de queda durante a hospitalização. Verificou-se associação do comprometimento cognitivo, ser frágil e ter risco de sarcopenia com o risco de queda na pessoa idosa hospitalizada. Conclusão o elevado risco de quedas em idosos hospitalizados está diretamente relacionado com a presença de deficit cognitivo, síndrome da fragilidade e o risco para sarcopenia, afirmando que esses fatores merecem atenção dos gestores e profissionais de enfermagem. demográficas clínicas cognitivo quantitativo observacional 6 SP Brasil questionários demográfico clínicos Mental Morse SARCF SARC F Tilburg KolmogorovSmirnov. KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov. Smirnov Kolmogorov-Smirnov categóricas MannWhitney. MannWhitney Mann Whitney. Whitney Mann-Whitney 5 5% feminino 6079 79 60-7 a. . (a) Ademais 80 883 88 3 88,3 frágeis 75 hospitalização Verificouse Verificou se enfermagem 607 7 60- (a 8 88,

Abstract The aim of this work was to validate markers linked to the SH3 gene of coffee leaf rust (CLR) resistance and use them in assisted selection. Initially, we validated the markers in genotypes already known to carry SH3. Next, we performed phenotype and genotype evaluation for resistance to CLR in coffee plants growing under field conditions. We used Arabica coffee progenies derived from BA-10, which carries the SH3 gene due to introgression of C. liberica. Three SCAR markers (SP-M16-SH3, BA-48-21O-f, and BA-124-12K-f) and one SSR marker (Sat244) linked to SH3 gene were used to amplify the coffee plants’ DNA. Our assessments of markers validation in resistant genotypes, SP-M16-SH3 and BA-124-12K-f, were efficient to identify the SH3 gene. These two markers were used to evaluate the progenies derived from BA-10 and were significantly linked to the phenotype evaluations. The SP-M16-SH3 marker was more efficient, with the advantage of being codominant. SH (CLR selection Initially Next conditions BA10, BA10 BA 10, 10 C liberica SPM16SH3, SPM16SH3 SPMSH SP M16 SH3, M (SP-M16-SH3 BA4821Of, BA4821Of BAOf 48 21O f, f O BA-48-21O-f BA12412Kf BAKf 124 12K K BA-124-12K-f Sat244 Sat (Sat244 DNA SP-M16-SH BA12412Kf, BA-1 evaluations codominant BA1 1 SPM SPM16SH M1 (SP-M16-SH Of 4 Kf 12 Sat24 (Sat24 BA- Sat2 (Sat2 (Sat

BACKGROUND A positive Trypanosoma cruzi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with chronic Chagas disease (CD). OBJECTIVES To study the association of clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics and biomarker blood levels with positive T. cruzi PCR in chronic CD. METHODS This is a single-centre observational cross-sectional study. Positive T. cruzi PCR association with clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics, and biomarker blood levels were studied by logistic regression analysis. p values < 0.05 were considered significant. FINDINGS Among 333 patients with chronic CD (56.4% men; 62 ± 10 years), T. cruzi PCR was positive in 41.1%. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression showed an independent association between positive T. cruzi PCR and diabetes mellitus {odds ratio (OR) 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.93]; p = 0.03}, right bundle branch block [OR 1.78 (95% CI 1.09-2.89); p = 0.02], and history of trypanocidal treatment [OR 0.13 (95% CI 0.04-0.38); p = 0.0002]. Among patients with a history of trypanocidal treatment (n = 39), only four (10%) patients had a positive T. cruzi PCR. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Among several studied parameters, only diabetes mellitus, right bundle branch block, and history of trypanocidal treatment showed an independent association with positive T. cruzi PCR. History of trypanocidal treatment was a strong protective factor against a positive T. cruzi PCR. (PCR . (CD) clinical electrocardiographic T singlecentre single centre crosssectional cross sectional analysis 005 0 05 0.0 significant 33 56.4% 564 56 4 (56.4 men 6 1 years, years , years) 411 41 41.1% odds OR (OR 053 53 0.5 95% 95 [95 (CI 0.300.93 030093 0.30 0.93 30 93 0.30-0.93] 0.03, 003 0.03 03 0.03} 178 78 1.7 (95 1.092.89 109289 1.09 2.89 09 2 89 1.09-2.89) 0.02, 002 0.02 02 0.02] 013 13 0.1 0.040.38 004038 0.04 0.38 04 38 0.04-0.38) 0.0002. 00002 0.0002 0002 0.0002] n 39, 39 39) 10% (10% parameters (CD 00 0. 3 56.4 5 (56. 41.1 9 [9 300 0.300.9 03009 030 0.3 093 0.9 0.30-0.93 17 7 1. (9 092 1.092.8 10928 109 1.0 289 2.8 8 1.09-2.89 01 040 0.040.3 00403 004 038 0.04-0.38 0000 0.000 000 (10 56. (56 41. [ 0.300. 0300 0.30-0.9 ( 1.092. 1092 28 2. 1.09-2.8 0.040. 0040 0.04-0.3 0.00 (1 (5 0.300 0.30-0. 1.092 1.09-2. 0.040 0.04-0. 0.30-0 1.09-2 0.04-0 0.30- 1.09- 0.04-

RESUMO Contexto: As desordens da motilidade gastrintestinal (GI) no diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) são comuns. No entanto, os desfechos em pacientes idosos com DM2 bem controlado são pouco compreendidos. Objetivo: Avaliar o trânsito GI e a atividade mioelétrica gástrica em idosos com DM2 em tratamento com metformina e compará-los com controles saudáveis não diabéticos. Métodos: Trinta participantes foram incluídos neste estudo: adultos jovens não diabéticos (n=10), idosos não diabéticos (n=10) e pacientes com DM2 tratados com metformina (n=10). Após jejum noturno, os participantes ingeriram uma refeição padrão e marcadores magnéticos para monitoramento não invasivo do trânsito GI e da contratilidade gástrica usando as técnicas de biosusceptometria de corrente alternada e eletrogastrografia. Resultados: Foram determinados o tempo médio de esvaziamento gástrico, o tempo médio de chegada ao cólon e o tempo médio de trânsito intestinal. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos e nos parâmetros avaliados (P>0,05). A frequência e amplitude da atividade mioelétrica gástrica não foram diferentes entre os grupos; entretanto, o índice rítmico anormal e a meia largura de banda foram ligeiramente maiores para os grupos idosos diabéticos e não diabéticos em comparação com os adultos jovens (P<0,01 e P<0,05, respectivamente). Conclusão: Nosso estudo mostrou esvaziamento gástrico e trânsito intestinal inalterados em pacientes com DM2 com bom controle glicêmico, sugerindo que as alterações na atividade elétrica gástrica podem fazer parte do envelhecimento.

ABSTRACT Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common. However, the endpoints in well-controlled T2DM in elderly patients are barely understood. Objective: To evaluate GI transit and gastric myoelectric activity in elderly patients with T2DM who were undergoing treatment with metformin and to compare them with non-diabetic healthy controls. Methods: A total of thirty participants were enrolled in this study: young non-diabetic (n=10), elderly non-diabetic controls (n=10), and patients with T2DM managed with metformin (n=10). After fasting overnight, the participants ingested a standard meal and magnetic markers for non-invasive monitoring of GI transit and gastric contractility using the alternating current biosusceptometry and electrogastrography techniques. Results: Mean gastric emptying time, mean colon arrival time, and mean intestinal transit time were determined. There were no significant differences between the groups and in the parameters evaluated (P>0.05). The frequency and amplitude of gastric myoelectric activity were not different between groups; however, abnormal rhythmic index and the half-bandwidth were slightly higher for both elderly diabetic and non-diabetic groups compared with the young adults (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Our study showed unaltered gastric emptying and intestinal transit in T2DM patients with good glycemic control, and suggest changes in the gastric electrical activity can be a part of aging.

RESUMO Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se avaliar os aspectos biológicos e o comportamento alimentar de Aphis gossypii em cultivares de melancia submetidas à aplicação de silício. O experimento foi conduzido no Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Humaitá, Brasil. Utilizaram-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso e o esquema fatorial 2×3 (sem silício e com silício; cultivares Crimson Sweet, Fairfax e Charleston), com dez repetições. A aplicação do ácido silícico (1%) foi realizada diretamente no substrato, com dose equivalente a 1 ton SiO2·ha-1, 25 dias após a semeadura. Os pulgões da criação foram mantidos em plantas de pepino, cultivar Caipira. Foram conduzidos ensaios de biologia do inseto para avaliação da duração dos períodos pré-reprodutivo, reprodutivo e pós-reprodutivo, longevidade, número de ninfas e comportamento alimentar por meio da técnica de secreção de honeydew. Realizou-se a análise de variância dos dados utilizando-se o programa estatístico SISVAR e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de F e Scott–Knott (p ≤ 0,05). A aplicação de silício em plantas de melancia afeta a reprodução e a alimentação de A. gossypii. Plantas de melancia do cultivar Crimson Sweet tratadas com silício apresentam alta resistência à alimentação por A. gossypii.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the biological aspects and the feeding behavior of Aphis gossypii in watermelon cultivars submitted to silicon application. The experiment was conducted at the Institute of Education, Agriculture and Environment of the Federal University of Amazonas, Humaitá, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2×3 factorial (with and without silicon; cultivars Crimson Sweet, Fairfax and Charleston), with ten replications. The application of silicic acid (1%) was carried out directly on the substrate using dose equivalent to 1 ton SiO2·ha-1, 25 days after sowing. The rearing of aphids was kept in cucumber plants, cultivar Caipira. Insect biology tests were conducted to evaluate the duration of the prereproductive, reproductive and postreproductive periods, longevity, number of nymphs, and feeding behavior using the honeydew secretion technique. Analysis of variance was performed using the statistical program SISVAR and the means were compared by the F and Scott–Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). The silicon application to watermelon plants affects the reproduction and feeding of A. gossypii. The watermelon plants cultivar Crimson Sweet treated with silicon has high resistance to feeding by A. gossypii.

Abstract Human adenoviruses comprise an important group of etiologic agents that are responsible for various diseases in adults and children, such as respiratory, ocular, gastroenteric, and urinary infections. In immunocompromised and organ-transplanted individuals, these agents can cause generalized infections. Rapid diagnostic methods for detecting these infectious agents are not widely available.The aim of this work was to produce monoclonal and polyclonal anti-adenovirus antibodies to be used in a rapid diagnostic test for respiratory infections.Adenovirus hexons were satisfactorily purified by ultracentrifugation and chromatography. After virus purification, anti-hexon monoclonal antibodies were produced and characterized, following classical methods. Antibodies were specific for adenoviruses 2, 3, 5, and 41. The proposed immunochromatographic test was standardized using colloidal gold.The standardization of the rapid test was sufficient to detect adenovirus antigens (in nasopharyngeal lavage samples) with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85% when compared to direct immunofluorescence.The immunochromatographic assay prototype was sufficiently sensitive to detect B (3), C (2 and 5), and F (41) adenovirus samples. Although based on preliminary data, the test demonstrated the same performance as direct immunofluorescence, but with the advantage of being a point-of-care test. Further studies are still needed to confirm its effectiveness in clinical practice.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar in vitro e in situ o potencial anti-cariogênico e a resistência adesiva ao esmalte de materiais contendo fluoreto utilizados para a colagem de braquetes: Transbond XT (GT, controle negativo), Transbond Plus Color Change (GTF), Transbond Self Etching Primer (GSAF) and Vitremer (GV, controle positivo). Material e método No estudo in vitro, as unidades experimentais foram premolares com braquetes colados (n = 12/grupo). Após ciclagem de pH, a liberação de F, resistência adesiva, modo de fratura e presença de mancha branca foram avaliados. No estudo in situ, as unidades experimentais foram fragmentos de esmalte com braquetes colados (n = 12/grupo). Os doze voluntários utilizaram dispositivos palatinos em 4 fases, com desafio cariogênico. Resistência adesiva, modo de fratura e variação de dureza superficial (%SH) foram determinados. Resultado No estudo in vitro, a libertação de F (ppm) foi: GT=0,257±0,068c; GTF=0,634±0,100b; GSAF=0,630±0,067b; GV=2,796±1,414a. Apenas GV não apresentou lesões de mancha branca. Os valores de resistência de união (MPa) foram GT=7,62±7,18a; GTF=5,15±6,91ab; GSAF=3,42±2,97bc; GV=2,87±2,09c. A fratura adesiva foi mais frequente, com exceção de GTF. Para o estudo in situ, % SH foi: GT=-56,0±18,3a; GTF=-57,6±11,9a; GSAF=-57,1±11,3a; GV=-52,4±25,8a. Os valores de resistência de união foram GT=9,5±4,4a; GTF=11,1±5,9a; GSAF=13,2±6,6a; GV=6,6±4,0a. Fratura coesiva no material foi a mais frequente, exceto para GTF. Conclusão Vitremer (GV) apresentou maior potencial anti-cariogênico no estudo in vitro, mas isso não se confirmou no estudo in situ. Os valores de resistência de união, a partir do estudo in situ, demonstraram que eles são adequados para a prática clínica.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the in vitro and in situ anti-cariogenic potential and bond strength to enamel of materials containing fluoride (F), used for bracket bonding: Transbond XT (GT, negative control), Transbond Plus Color Change (GTF), Transbond-Self-Etching Primer (GSAF) and Vitremer (GV, positive control). Material and method In the in vitro study, the specimens were premolars with bonded brackets (n=12/group). After pH cycling, the F release, bond strength, fracture mode and presence of white spot lesions were assessed. In the in situ study, the specimens were enamel fragments with bonded brackets (n=12/group). Twelve volunteers wore palatal appliances in 4 phases, with cariogenic challenge. Bond strength, fracture mode and change in surface hardness (%SH) were determined. Result Relative to the in vitro study, F release (ppm) was: GT=0.257±0.068c; GTF=0.634±0.100b; GSAF=0.630±0.067b; GV=2.796±1.414a. Only GV showed no white spot lesions. Bond strength values (MPa) were GT=7.62±7.18a; GTF=5.15±6.91ab; GSAF=3.42±2.97bc; GV=2.87±2.09c. Adhesive fracture was the most frequent type, except for GTF. In the in situ study, %SH was: GT=-56.0±18.3a; GTF=-57.6±11.9a; GSAF=-57.1±11.3a; GV=-52.4±25.8a. Bond strength values were GT=9.5±4.4a; GTF=11.1±5.9a; GSAF=13.2± 6.6a; GV=6.6±4.0a. Cohesive fracture in material was the most frequent type, except for GTF. Conclusion Vitremer (GV) showed the highest anti-cariogenic potential in the in vitro study. However, it was not confirmed by the in situ study. Regarding bond strength values from the in situ study, all materials were shown to be adequate for clinical practice.

BACKGROUND The Trypanosoma cruzi infection endemic in Latin America has now spread to several countries across four continents; this endemic involves triatomine vector-free protists. We hypothesised that the sexual transmission of T. cruzi contributes to the ongoing spread of Chagas disease. OBJECTIVES A short-term longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate this hypothesis. METHODS The study population comprised 109 subjects from four families, among whom 21 had been diagnosed with acute Chagas disease by direct parasitological analysis. Blood mononuclear cells and serum samples were obtained from each study subject once per year for three consecutive years. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence serological examinations were used to detect specific T. cruzi antibodies. Polymerase chain reaction of T. cruzi DNA revealed 188-nucleotide bands, which hybridised to a specific radiolabelled probe and were confirmed by cloning and sequencing. RESULTS Three independent assessments at different time points revealed T. cruzi nuclear DNA footprints in 76% (83/109) of the study population with active infection. In contrast, the ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assays detected the T. cruzi antibody in 28.4% (31/109) of the study samples. Moreover, the semen from 82.6% (19/23) of subjects people revealed harboured the 188- bp base pair T. cruzi footprint. Interestingly, the ejaculates of nuclear DNA-positive Chagas patient transmitted the T. cruzi upon peritoneal injection or infusion in the vagina of mice, and amastigotes were detected in the skeletal muscle, myocardium, vas deferens, and uterine tube. MAIN CONCLUSIONS T. cruzi infections can be transmitted from females or males to naïve mates through intercourse, and progeny showed discrepancies between the ratios of nuclear DNA footprints and specific antibody that can be explained by the tolerance attained during early embryo growth. Additional studies are needed to develop drugs to eradicate the infections. Additionally, the importance of a vigorous education, information, and communication program to prevent sexually transmitted Chagas disease in humans cannot be underemphasised.

RESUMO O carcinoma hepatocelular é uma neoplasia de importância global e associada a altos índices de mortalidade. Recentes avanços no diagnóstico e tratamento da doença tornaram necessárias que se atualizassem as recomendações sobre o manejo da doença. Para definir as recomendações sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento do carcinoma hepatocelular, a Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia organizou uma reunião monotemática em João Pessoa (PB). Todos expositores foram solicitados a fazer uma revisão sistemática da literatura e apresentar os temas relacionados a fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de carcinoma hepatocelular, métodos para rastreamento, diagnóstico radiológico e sistemas de estadiamento da doença, tratamentos curativos e paliativos e carcinoma hepatocelular em fígado não cirrótico. Após o encontro, todos os expositores se reuniram para discussão dos tópico e elaboração dessas recomendações. O texto resultante foi ainda submetido a avaliação e aprovação por todos membros da Sociedade através de sua homepage. O documento atual é a versão final que contêm as recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia.

ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignancy of global importance and is associated with a high rate of mortality. Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease make it imperative to update the recommendations on the management of the disease. In order to draw evidence-based recommendations concering the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology has sponsored a single-topic meeting in João Pessoa (PB). All the invited pannelists were asked to make a systematic review of the literature and to present topics related to the risk factors for its development, methods of screening, radiological diagnosis, staging systems, curative and palliative treatments and hepatocellular carcinoma in noncirrhotic liver. After the meeting, all panelists gathered together for the discussion of the topics and the elaboration of those recommendations. The text was subsequently submitted for suggestions and approval of all members of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology through its homepage. The present paper is the final version of the reviewed manuscript containing the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conservação pós-colheita de manga 'Tommy Atkins' orgânica destinada à exportação, colhida com Boas Práticas Agrícolas (CBP) e sem Boas Práticas Agrícolas (SBP), sob recobrimentos bio-orgânicos. Manga colhida na maturidade comercial foi recoberta com extrato de erva-doce a 1,5% (CBP+ED, SBP+ED), com extrato de erva-doce adicionada à fécula de mandioca a 3,0% (CBP+ED+F, SBP+ED+F) e Controle (sem recobrimento, CBP e SBP), armazenada a 10±0,5 ºC e 85±2% UR. O uso de BPA manteve a qualidade. O recobrimento com ED comprometeu a aparência da manga pela incidência de manchas na casca; recobrimento associando F + ED manteve a qualidade e retardou o amadurecimento.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postharvest conservation of 'Tommy Atkins' organic mango produced for exportation, harvested with (WGAP) and without (WOGAP) Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), kept under bio-organic coatings. Mango harvested at commercial maturity was coated with fennelextract (FE) at 1.5% (WGAP+FE, WOGAP+FE), with fennel extract added to cassava starch (S) at 3.0% (WGAP+FE+S, WOGAP+FE+S) and control (without coating, WGAP and WOGAP), stored at 10 ± 0.5 ºC and 85 ± 2% RH. The use of GAP kept quality. Coating with FE provided poor appearance by incidence of dark spots at the skin; coating combining S + FE kept quality and delayed ripening.

O taro (Colocasia esculenta) é uma hortaliça da família Araceae cujo rizoma é o décimo quarto alimento vegetal mais consumido no mundo. Caracterizado como uma hortaliça não convencional, o taro é cultivado no Brasil como uma cultura de subsistência, mas nos últimos anos começou a ser cultivado comercialmente, sobretudo nos estados de Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro. Para evitar a perda da diversidade genética das variedades locais tradicionalmente cultivadas no Brasil é necessária a manutenção das cultivares em bancos de germoplasma. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar geneticamente as cultivares do taro provenientes do banco de germoplasma do Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do estado do Espirito Santo (Incaper). Foi extraído o DNA dos tecidos desidratados das amostras de taro e a diversidade genética de sete cultivares foi investigada por PCR utilizando sete pares de iniciadores que detectam polimorfismos do tipo SSR (simple sequence repeats), em sete loci (Xuqtem55, Xuqtem73, Xuqtem84, Xuqtem88, Xuqtem91, Xuqtem97 e Xuqtem110). A diversidade genética das cultivares, com base nos alelos destes microssatélites foi avaliada com o software GelCompar II. Os loci Xuqtem73, Xuqtem88 e Xuqtem110 foram os mais informativos, apresentando 7, 10 e 8 alelos, respectivamente, com 85, 57 e 100% de cultivares com alelos polimórficos e PIC idênticos de 0,91. A análise do polimorfismo do locus Xuqtem110 permitiu o agrupamento das 7 cultivares em dois clusters com características fenotípicas semelhante e permitiu afimar que o clone Chinês originou o clone Chinês Regional Incaper, que por sua vez deu origem à variedade São Bento, corroborando dados da literatura. As cultivares Macaquinho e Chinês podem ser consideradas enraizadoras dos loci analisados, indicando que estas cultivares podem ter originado as cultivares das regiões dos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e do Espirito Santo.

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is a tuberous plant belonging to the Araceae family whose tuber is the 14th most consumed food crop in the world. Characterized as an unconventional vegetable, taro is grown in Brazil as a subsistence crop, but in recent years began to gain commercial importance, especially in the states of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. To avoid loss of genetic diversity of the local varieties traditionally grown in Brazil a core collection for taro germplasm has been developed by the Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do estado do Espirito Santo (Incaper). The aim of this study was to perform a molecular characterization of the seven regional core collections. Genetic diversity of the cultivars was investigated by using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) polymorphisms, in seven loci (Xuqtem55, Xuqtem73, Xuqtem84, Xuqtem88, Xuqtem91, Xuqtem97 and Xuqtem110). Genetic diversity of the cultivars, based on the seven microsatellite alleles, was evaluated by using the software GelCompar II, showed that the loci Xuqtem73, Xuqtem88 and Xuqtem110 were the most informative, featuring 7, 10 and 8 alleles, respectively, a percentage of cultivars with polymorphic alleles of 85, 57 and 100% and identical PIC of 0.91. Based on Xuqtem110 locus analysis, the seven cultivars were grouped in two clusters. Chinês Regional Incaper cultivar was originated from Chinês cultivar which originated the São Bento cultivar, corroborating previous results. Macaquinho and Chinês cultivars were shown to be the primitive ones originating the allelic collections found in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Espirito Santo.