RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência de diferentes épocas de plantio e variáveis meteorológicas no desempenho produtivo da mandioca industrial na região do Agreste de Alagoas. Os tratamentos foram cinco datas de plantio, com espaçamento temporal de 25 dias entre elas: D1 - 10 de abril, D2 - 05 de maio, D3 - 30 de maio, D4 - 24 de junho e D5 - 19 de julho. O período experimental foi de abril de 2021 a setembro de 2023, dois ciclos de cultivo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: dados agrometeorológicas e de crescimento e produção da cultura. Na região do Agreste de Alagoas, entre as estações chuvosa e seca, a ET0 média diária varia de 2,9 a 4,7 mm, respectivamente. A temperatura média do ar é 24,3 °C e atende as demandas térmicas da cultura da mandioca. A precipitação anual é suficiente para garantir a produção de mandioca, porém, há sazonalidade nas chuvas, com período seco da primavera ao verão, o que prejudica plantios mais tardios. Na região do Agreste de Alagoas, o melhor período para o plantio da mandioca é de 10 de abril a 5 de maio, que é o início do período chuvoso da região e garante melhores resultados em: altura do dossel vegetativo (3,2 m), diâmetro do caule (2,8 cm), índice de área foliar (3,0), comprimento máximo (43,1 cm), número (6,6) e rendimento de raízes (72,8 t ha-1), biomassa total (145 t ha-1) e teor de amido (34,3%).

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different planting times and meteorological variables on the productive performance of industrial cassava in the Agreste region of Alagoas state, Brazil. The treatments were five planting dates, 25 days apart: D1 - April 10, D2 - May 5, D3 - May 30, D4 - June 24 and D5 - July 19. The experiment was conducted from April 2021 to September 2023 (two cultivation cycles), using randomized blocks, with four replicates. The variables analyzed were agrometeorological data, crop growth and yield. In the Agreste region of Alagoas, the average daily ET0 varies from 2.9 to 4.7 mm between the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The average temperature of 24.3 °C meets the thermal demands of cassava cultivation. Although annual rainfall is sufficient to guarantee cassava production, it is seasonal, with a dry period from spring to summer, which compromises subsequent plantings. In the Agreste region of Alagoas, the best time to plant cassava is from April 10 to May 5, which is the beginning of the rainy season and ensures better vegetative canopy height (3.2 m), stem diameter (2.8 cm), leaf area index (3.0), maximum root length (43.1 cm), number (6.6) and yield (72.8 t ha-1), total biomass (145 t ha-1) and starch content (34.3%).

RESUMO O uso de águas com alta concentração de sais no cultivo do cajueiro se faz necessário na região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro, devido à escassez hídrica e à má distribuição das chuvas. O excesso de sais na água é um fator limitante para a produção agrícola. Nesse cenário, estratégias têm sido empregadas para mitigar os efeitos nocivos do estresse salino sobre as plantas, destacando-se o uso do ácido salicílico. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico sobre os aspectos fisiológicos e crescimento do cajueiro anão precoce cultivado sob estresse salino na fase de pré-floração. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 5 × 4, com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa - 0,4; 1,2; 2,0; 2,8 e 3,6 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0, 1, 2 e 3 mM), com três repetições. O ácido salicílico, aplicado na concentração de 1 mM, atenuou os efeitos do estresse salino na morfofisiologia do cajueiro durante a fase de pré-floração, especialmente em plantas irrigadas com CEa de até 1,2 dS m-1. Por outro lado, a concentração de 3 mM AS elevou os efeitos negativos do estresse salino no teor relativo de água, extravasamento de eletrólitos, pigmentos fotossintéticos, trocas gasosas e crescimento de cajueiro anão precoce, particularmente em CEa de 3,6 dS m-1.

ABSTRACT The use of water with high concentration of salts in cashew cultivation is a necessity in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, due to water scarcity and poor rainfall distribution. Excess salts in water are a limiting factor for agricultural production. In this scenario, strategies have been employed to mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress on plants, and the use of salicylic acid stands out. With this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid on the physiology and growth of early dwarf cashew grown under salt stress in the pre-flowering stage. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw - 0.4, 1.2, 2.0, 2.8, and 3.6 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid (SA - 0, 1, 2, and 3 mM), with three replicates. Salicylic acid, applied at a concentration of 1 mM, mitigated the negative impacts of salt stress on the morphophysiology of cashew during the pre-flowering phase, especially in plants irrigated with ECw of up to 1.2 dS m-1. On the other hand, the concentration of 3 mM SA exacerbated the effects of salt stress on the relative water content, electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, and growth of early dwarf cashew, particularly at ECw of 3.6 dS m-1.

RESUMO A fruticultura é uma atividade de grande relevância para o agronegócio no Brasil, com destaque para a goiabeira. Entretanto, a deficiência hídrica é um dos fatores limitantes para a produtividade das plantas, onde a utilização de fitohormônios, como o ácido salicílico, tem sido empregado como uma estratégia para mitigar os efeitos do déficit hídrico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico como atenuador do déficit hídrico em materiais genéticos de goiabeira. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 5, considerando dois regimes hídricos (lâminas de irrigação equivalentes a 50 e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência - ETr), dois materiais genéticos de goiabeira (‘Crioula’ e ‘Paluma’) e cinco concentrações de ácido salicílico (0, 1,2, 2,4, 3,6 e 4,8 mM). A aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico na concentração de 2,4 mM promoveu efeito benéfico no crescimento, nas trocas gasosas e na fluorescência da clorofila a da goiabeira ‘Crioula’ sob irrigação com 50% da ETr. O déficit hídrico reduziu o crescimento, as trocas gasosas, o conteúdo de clorofila e a fluorescência da clorofila a da goiabeira. Dentre os materiais genéticos, a ‘Paluma’ obteve maior crescimento, trocas gasosas, teores de clorofila e fluorescência da clorofila a em comparação com a ‘Crioula’ sob irrigação com 50% da ETr sem aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico. A aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico na concentração de 1,2 mM aumentou a área foliar, o número de folhas e a fitomassa seca total no material genético ‘Crioula’ sob 50% de ETr.

ABSTRACT Fruit growing is an activity of great relevance for agribusiness in Brazil, with emphasis on guava. However, water deficiency is one of the limiting factors for plant productivity, so the use of phytohormones such as salicylic acid has been employed as a strategy to mitigate the effects of water deficit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the foliar application of salicylic acid as an attenuator of water deficit in guava genetic materials. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, in a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial scheme, considering two water regimes (irrigation depths equivalent to 50 and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration - ETr), two guava genetic materials (‘Crioula’ and ‘Paluma’) and five concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6, and 4.8 mM). Foliar application of salicylic acid at a concentration of 2.4 mM promoted growth, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of ‘Crioula’ guava under irrigation with 50% ETr. Water deficit reduced growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of guava. Among the genetic materials, greater growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll a fluorescence was observed in ‘Paluma’ compared to ‘Crioula’ under irrigation with 50% ETr without foliar application of salicylic acid. Foliar application of salicylic acid at a concentration of 1.2 mM increases leaf area, number of leaves, and total dry mass in the ‘Crioula’ genetic material under 50% ETr.

RESUMO Em sistemas convencionais, o uso de água salina inviabiliza a produção de hortaliças, sendo o cultivo hidropônico uma alternativa promissora em áreas semiáridas, pois minimiza os impactos socioeconômicos. Uma alternativa para mitigação dos efeitos do estresse salino sobre as plantas é a aplicação de ácido salicílico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar do ácido salicílico sobre os aspectos fisiológicos e crescimento de pepino japonês ‘Hiroshi’ sob soluções nutritivas salinas em sistema hidropônico. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. O sistema de cultivo utilizado foi o hidropônico tipo Técnica de Fluxo Laminar de Nutriente - NFT. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva - CEsn (2,1; 3,0; 3,9 e 4,8 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0; 1,8; 3,6 e 5,4 mM), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, sendo os valores de CEsn considerados as parcelas e as concentrações de AS as subparcelas, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de crescimento, trocas gasosas, pigmentos fotossintéticos, teor relativo de água e extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar. O AS nas concentrações variando de 3,7 e 4,7 mM aumentou a condutância estomática e a síntese de carotenoides, sob efeito de CEsn de 2,1 dS m-1. A CEsn acima de 2,1 dS m-1 reduziu as trocas gasosas, os teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos, o conteúdo relativo de água e o crescimento das plantas de pepino japonês, 23 dias após o transplantio.

ABSTRACT In conventional systems, the use of saline water makes vegetable production unfeasible, so hydroponic cultivation is a promising alternative in semi-arid areas, as it minimizes socioeconomic impacts. An alternative for mitigating salt stress effects on plants is the application of salicylic acid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid on the physiological aspects and growth of ‘Hiroshi’ japanese cucumber under saline nutrient solutions in a hydroponic system. The study was carried out in a greenhouse. The hydroponic system used was the Nutrient Film Technique - NFT. Treatments consisted of four values of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1, 3.0, 3.9, and 4.8 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0, 1.8, 3.6, and 5.4 mM), distributed in a completely randomized design in split plots, with ECns levels considered the plots and SA concentrations considered the subplots, with four replicates. Growth, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade were evaluated. Salicylic acid at concentrations ranging from 3.7 to 4.7 mM increased stomatal conductance and carotenoid synthesis, under ECns of 2.1 dS m-1. ECns above 2.1 dS m-1 reduced gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment content, relative water content, and growth of Japanese cucumber plants, at 23 days after transplanting.

The spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens had motivated the search for plant-derived antimicrobial agents, such as essential oils. This work investigated the antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm properties of the essential oil from the inflorescence of Etlingera elatior and its major compounds. Dodecanal (42.46%) and 1-dodecanol (25.84%) were the major compounds. The oil, dodecanal and 1-dodecanol were active against Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum bactericidal concentrations of 124, 31 and 62 µg mL-1, respectively. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the essential oil had an inhibitory effect against a multidrug resistant isolate (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 4,000 µg mL-1). Dodecanal had an MIC of 60,000 µg mL-1 for all Candida species, but fungicidal activity was only detected for Candida albicans (minimum fungicidal concentration: 60,000 µg mL-1). 1-Dodecanol (60,000 µg mL-1) exhibited fungistatic activity for C. albicans. Biofilm inhibition linked to an anti-adhesive effect of the oil and dodecanal was only detected for the standard S. aureus isolate and C. albicans, respectively. In conclusion, the essential oil from the inflorescence of E. elatior and its major components were more active against nonresistant strains S. aureus. Essential oil, dodecanol and dodecanal showed excellent activity against S. aureus, however, these same materials showed low activity against P. aeruginosa.

ABSTRACT Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the main grain crops that form part of Brazilian food consumption, but its production is affected by edaphoclimatic conditions and high salinity of the irrigation water. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of chitosan concentrations on the physiology and production components of cowpea grown under salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, adopting a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw - 0.6 and 4.0 dS m-1) and five concentrations of chitosan (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 g L-1), with four replicates, each of which consisting of three plants. Irrigation water with electrical conductivity of 4.0 dS m-1 negatively affected the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and grain production of cowpea cv. BRS Tapaihum. Foliar application of chitosan at concentrations between 0.46 and 0.71 g L-1 mitigated the deleterious effects of salt stress on photochemical efficiency, grain production, and grain index per plant. Chitosan applications under irrigation water of electrical conductivity of 0.6 dS m-1 promoted an increase in the mean pod length, grain production and grain index of cowpea plants cv. BRS Tapaihum. Vigna L. L (L. Walp. Walp consumption greenhouse design scheme ECw 06 0 6 0. 40 4 4. m1 m 1 0, (0 025 25 0.25 050 50 0.50 075 75 0.75 100 00 1.0 L1, L1 , L-1) replicates m- pigments fluorescence cv Tapaihum 046 46 0.4 071 71 0.7 L- efficiency plant length (L ( 02 0.2 05 0.5 07 7 10 1. 04

RESUMO O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) é um dos principais grãos que fazem parte do consumo alimentar dos brasileiros, no entanto, sua produção é afetada pelas características edafoclimáticas e pela alta salinidade da água de irrigação. Objetivou-se com a pesquisa avaliar os efeitos das concentrações de quitosana na fisiologia e produção de feijão-caupi sob estresse salino. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação em Campina Grande, PB, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 5, sendo dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa - 0,6 e 4,0 dS m-1) e cinco concentrações de quitosana (0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,00 g L-1) com quatro repetições cada uma consistindo de três plantas. A irrigação com água de condutividade elétrica de 4,0 dS m-1 afetou negativamente a síntese de pigmentos fotossintéticos, a fluorescência da clorofila a e a produção de grãos de feijão-caupi cultivar BRS Tapaihum. A aplicação foliar de quitosana entre as concentrações de 0,46 e 0,71 g L-1 amenizou os efeitos do estresse salino, aumentando a eficiência fotoquímica, a produção e o índice de grãos por planta. As aplicações de quitosana sob água de irrigação com condutividade elétrica de 0,6 dS m-1 promoveram aumento no comprimento médio da vagem, produção de grãos e índice de grãos das plantas de feijão-caupi cv. BRS Tapaihum. feijãocaupi feijão caupi Vigna L. L (L. Walp. Walp brasileiros entanto Objetivouse Objetivou se salino Grande PB utilizandose utilizando casualizado 5 CEa 06 0 6 0, 40 4 4, m1 m 1 (0 0,25 025 25 0,50 050 50 075 75 0,7 100 00 1,0 L1 m- fotossintéticos Tapaihum 046 46 0,4 071 71 L- fotoquímica planta vagem cv (L ( 0,2 02 0,5 05 07 7 10 1, 04

This paper presents an analytical multiresidue method for the quantification of 7 nitroimidazoles, 19 anthelmintics, 3 amphenicols, and 4 dyes in poultry, pork, beef, horse, shrimp, and fish samples by isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in a single 6 min run. Samples were prepared using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS)-type extraction with ethyl acetate and Na2SO4-NaCl (2:1), concentration into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and defatting by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with n-hexane. No clean-up using solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges or dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) was necessary. The linearity ranges (in μg kg-1) were 0.10-0.60 for chloramphenicol, 0.50-3.0 for dyes, 1.5-9.0 for nitroimidazoles, and 5.0-30.0 for the other drugs. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were established at the lowest calibration curve levels. Except for chloramphenicol in the horse matrix, analyte recovery and reproducibility were satisfactory (recovery (fREC): 75.0 to 116.6%; coefficient of variation (CV): 1.2 to 29.9%). For the unapproved substances and the substances with a maximum residue level (MRL), respectively, the decision limits (CCα) were 0.14-4.10 and 5.28-1003.60 μg kg-1, while the detection capabilities (CCβ) were 0.13-3.33 and 5.46-11.56 μg kg-1. nitroimidazoles 1 anthelmintics amphenicols poultry pork beef shrimp ultrahigh ultra high UHPLCMS/MS UHPLCMSMS UHPLC MS/MS MS (UHPLC-MS/MS run quick easy cheap effective QuEChERStype QuEChERS type Na2SO4NaCl NaSONaCl Na2SO4 NaCl Na SO 21, 21 2 , (2:1) DMSO, DMSO (DMSO) liquidliquid LLE (LLE nhexane. nhexane n hexane. hexane n-hexane cleanup clean up solidphase solid phase SPE (SPE DSPE (DSPE necessary kg1 kg kg-1 0.100.60 010060 0.10 0.60 0 10 60 0.10-0.6 0.503.0 05030 0.50 3.0 50 0.50-3. 1.59.0 1590 1.5 9.0 5 9 1.5-9. 5.030.0 50300 5.0 30.0 30 5.0-30. drugs LOQ (LOQ levels matrix fREC (fREC) 750 75 75. 116.6% 1166 116 CV (CV) 12 1. 29.9%. 299 29.9% . 29 29.9%) MRL, MRL (MRL) respectively CCα (CCα 0.144.10 014410 0.14 4.10 14 0.14-4.1 5.281003.60 528100360 5.28 1003.60 28 1003 5.28-1003.6 kg1, 1, CCβ (CCβ 0.133.33 013333 0.13 3.33 13 33 0.13-3.3 5.4611.56 5461156 5.46 11.56 46 11 56 5.46-11.5 kg1. UHPLCMS MSMS NaSO Na2SO (2:1 (DMSO kg- 100 0.100.6 01006 010 0.1 060 0.6 0.10-0. 503 0.503. 0503 050 0.5 3. 0.50-3 59 1.59. 159 15 90 9. 1.5-9 030 5.030. 5030 5. 300 30. 5.0-30 (fREC 116.6 (CV 29.9 (MRL 144 0.144.1 01441 014 410 4.1 0.14-4. 281003 5.281003.6 52810036 528 5.2 100360 1003.6 5.28-1003. 133 0.133.3 01333 013 333 3.3 0.13-3. 4611 5.4611.5 546115 546 5.4 1156 11.5 5.46-11. (2: 0.100. 0100 01 0. 06 0.10-0 0.503 05 0.50- 1.59 1.5- 03 5.030 5.0-3 116. 29. 0.144. 0144 41 4. 0.14-4 28100 5.281003. 5281003 52 10036 1003. 5.28-1003 0.133. 0133 0.13-3 461 5.4611. 54611 54 115 11. 5.46-11 (2 0.100 0.10- 5.03 5.0- 0.144 0.14- 2810 5.281003 528100 5.28-100 0.133 0.13- 5.4611 5461 5.46-1 ( 281 5.28100 52810 5.28-10 5.461 5.46- 5.2810 5281 5.28-1 5.281 5.28-

ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to study the drying of trapiá pulp with the addition of drying aids, determining the drying kinetics and thermodynamic properties of the samples. Formulations of the pulp was treated with the additives monoglycerides, carboxymethylcellulose - CMC and guar gum in different combinations and concentrations (F1 - 0.5% CMC and 0.5% Monoglycerides; F2 - 0.5% Guar Gum and 0.5% Monoglycerides; and F3 - 0.25% Guar Gum, 0.5% CMC and 0.5% Monoglycerides) trapiá. Drying was carried out at 50, 60 and 70 ºC with 0.5 cm thick layers. The drying kinetics were determined, and different mathematical models fitted to the data. The Midilli model best represented the drying kinetics, with determination coefficients ≥ 0.9985. The effective diffusivities increased with increase in temperature with magnitudes to the order of 10-10 m2 s-1. The enthalpy variations (ΔH) reduced with increase in temperature and were positive. The entropy variations (ΔS) were negative and inversely proportional to the temperature. The variation in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) was positive and increased with increase in temperature. aids samples monoglycerides F1 F (F 05 0 5 Monoglycerides 025 25 0.25 50 6 7 0. layers determined data 09985 9985 0.9985 1010 10 10-1 m s1. s1 s 1. 1 s-1 ΔH (ΔH ΔS (ΔS ΔG (ΔG 02 2 0.2 0998 998 0.998 101 10- s- 099 99 0.99 09 9 0.9

RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a secagem da polpa de trapiá com a adição de aditivos de secagem, determinando a cinética de secagem e as propriedades termodinâmicas das amostras. Foram elaboradas formulações a partir da polpa e os aditivos monoglicerídeos, carboximetilcelulose - CMC e goma guar em diferentes combinações e concentrações (F1 - 0,5% de CMC e 0,5% de Monoglicerídeos; F2 - 0,5% de Goma Guar e 0,5% de Monoglicerídeos; e F3 - 0,25% de Goma Guar, 0,5% de CMC e 0,5% de Monoglicerídeos). A secagem foi realizada a 50, 60 e 70 ºC com camadas de 0,5 cm de espessura. A cinética de secagem foi determinada e diferentes modelos matemáticos foram ajustados aos dados. O modelo Midilli foi o que melhor representou a cinética de secagem, com coeficientes de determinação ≥ 0,9985. As difusividades efetivas aumentaram com o aumento da temperatura, com magnitudes da ordem de 10-10 m2 s-1. As variações de entalpia (ΔH) diminuíram com o aumento da temperatura e foram positivas. As variações de entropia (ΔS) foram negativas e inversamente proporcionais à temperatura. A variação da energia livre de Gibbs (ΔG) foi positiva e aumentou com o aumento da temperatura. amostras monoglicerídeos F1 F (F 05 0 5 Monoglicerídeos 025 25 0,25 Monoglicerídeos. . Monoglicerídeos) 50 6 7 0, espessura dados 09985 9985 0,9985 1010 10 10-1 m s1. s1 s 1. 1 s-1 ΔH (ΔH positivas ΔS (ΔS ΔG (ΔG 02 2 0,2 0998 998 0,998 101 10- s- 099 99 0,99 09 9 0,9

ABSTRACT Effects of abiotic stresses, such as high temperature, on plants are exacerbated by climate change. Lima beans exhibit higher tolerance to high temperatures than the common beans. Understanding the tolerance of lima bean landrace germplasm to high temperatures is important to improve their breeding. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the high temperature responses of lima bean landrace varieties obtained from the Phaseolus Germplasm Bank at Universidade Federal do Piauí (BGP-UFPI, Brazil) in two environments. Five landraces showing the best performance in emission of flowers and number of pods formed (UFPI-945, UFPI1037, UFPI-876, UFPI-1036, and UFPI-1064) were evaluated in two cultivation environments, natural (29 ºC) and controlled (37 ºC), using a completely randomized design with four replications, with each plot consisting of a single plant. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (P < 0.05) were performed for 12 quantitative traits, followed by Pearson’s correlation analysis. Lima beans exhibited genetic variability in high temperature tolerance in both natural and controlled environments. Specifically, UFPI-1064 exhibited superior performance with higher pod thickness and width and number of flowers and lower flower and pod abortion than the other varieties in both natural and controlled environments. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed positive and strong correlations between the number of flowers and flower abortion in the natural environment and number of pods and seeds per pod in the controlled environment. stresses change breeding Therefore study BGPUFPI, BGPUFPI BGP UFPI, UFPI (BGP-UFPI Brazil environments UFPI945, UFPI945 945, 945 (UFPI-945 UFPI1037 UFPI876, UFPI876 876, 876 UFPI-876 UFPI1036, UFPI1036 1036, 1036 UFPI-1036 UFPI1064 1064 29 (2 ºC 37 (3 ºC, , replications plant Tukeys Tukey s P 0.05 005 0 05 1 traits Pearsons Pearson Specifically UFPI-106 UFPI94 94 (UFPI-94 UFPI103 UFPI87 87 UFPI-87 103 UFPI-103 UFPI106 106 2 ( 3 0.0 00 UFPI-10 UFPI9 9 (UFPI-9 UFPI10 UFPI8 8 UFPI-8 10 0. UFPI-1 (UFPI- UFPI1 UFPI- (UFPI

RESUMO Os estresses abióticos, como as altas temperaturas, são potencializados pelas mudanças climáticas. O feijão-fava apresenta maior tolerância às altas temperaturas em comparação ao feijãocomum. O conhecimento dessa tolerância as altas temperaturas de germoplasma landraces de feijão-fava é importante para o desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento. Assim, objetivouse com este trabalho verificar a resposta de variedades crioulas de feijão-fava do Banco de germoplasma de Phaseolus da Universidade Federal do Piauí (BGP-UFPI, Brasil) às altas temperaturas, em dois ambientes. Foram avaliadas as cinco variedades crioulas com maior desempenho emissão de flores e vagens formadas (UFPI-945, UFPI1037, UFPI-876, UFPI-1036 e UFPI-1064) e dois ambientes de cultivo natural (29ºC) e controlado (37ºC), utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo uma planta por parcela. Realizou-se a análise de variância e o teste Turkey (P < 0,05) para as dozes variáveis quantitativas, seguidas pela correlação de Pearson. Há variabilidade genética em feijão-fava para tolerância à alta temperatura tanto em ambiente natural quanto controlado. Para os caracteres espessura e largura vagem, número de flores, abortamento de flor e de vagem destacaram-se tanto em ambiente natural quanto controlado o genótipo UFPI-1064. A correlação de Pearson aferiu que o ambiente natural, se sobresaiu com correlações positivas e de altas magnitudes em número e o abortamento de flores. Contudo, em ambiente controlado, o número de vagem e número de sementes por vagem também tiveram correlações de altas magnitudes. abióticos climáticas feijãofava feijão fava feijãocomum melhoramento Assim BGPUFPI, BGPUFPI BGP UFPI, UFPI (BGP-UFPI Brasil UFPI945, UFPI945 945, 945 (UFPI-945 UFPI1037 UFPI876, UFPI876 876, 876 UFPI-876 UFPI1036 1036 UFPI-103 UFPI1064 1064 UFPI-1064 29ºC ºC (29ºC 37ºC, 37ºC , (37ºC) utilizandose utilizando acaso repetições parcela Realizouse Realizou P 0,05 005 0 05 quantitativas destacaramse destacaram UFPI1064. 1064. Contudo UFPI94 94 (UFPI-94 UFPI103 UFPI87 87 UFPI-87 103 UFPI-10 UFPI106 106 UFPI-106 (37ºC 0,0 00 UFPI9 9 (UFPI-9 UFPI10 UFPI8 8 UFPI-8 10 UFPI-1 0, (UFPI- UFPI1 UFPI- 1 (UFPI

ABSTRACT Ascorbic acid is a non-enzymatic compound with antioxidant action in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in plants subjected to abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, and growth of guava cv. Paluma under water replacement levels and foliar application of ascorbic acid in the post-grafting phase. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources, at the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Paraíba, PB, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, whose treatments resulted from the combination of two factors: two levels of irrigation water (50 and 100% of actual evapotranspiration - ETr) and four concentrations of ascorbic acid - AsA (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM), with three repetitions. Irrigation with a 50% ETr depth reduced the growth in rootstock diameter, scion diameter, and scion volume, as well as gas exchange: stomatal conductance, transpiration, and maximum and variable fluorescence indices of guava cv. Paluma. Ascorbic acid concentration of 90 mM increases the CO2 assimilation rate and instantaneous water use efficiency and reduces electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of guava plants, 240 days after transplanting. nonenzymatic non enzymatic conditions Therefore exchange cv postgrafting post grafting phase Resources Grande Paraíba PB Brazil used arrangement factors 50 (5 100 0, 0 (0 30 60 9 mM, , mM) repetitions diameter volume conductance transpiration CO 24 transplanting 5 ( 10 3 6 1

RESUMO O ácido ascórbico é um composto não-enzimático com ação antioxidante na desintoxicação de espécies reativas de oxigênio em plantas submetidas a condições de estresses abióticos. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar as trocas gasosas, a eficiência fotoquímica e o crescimento da goiabeira cv. Paluma sob diferentes níveis de reposição de água e aplicação foliar de ácido ascórbico na fase pós-enxertia. O experimento foi desenvolvido sob condições de casa de vegetação, no Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, na ParaíbaPB. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 4, cujos tratamentos resultaram da combinação de dois fatores: duas lâminas de água de irrigação (50 e 100% da evapotranspiração real - ETr) e quatro concentrações de ácido ascórbico - AsA (0, 30, 60 e 90 mM), com três repetições. A irrigação com lâmina de 50% da ETr reduziu o crescimento em diâmetro do porta enxerto, do enxerto, da copa e volume de copa; assim como as trocas gasosas: condutância estomática e, a transpiração, e os índices de fluorescência máxima e variável da goiabeira cv. Paluma. A concentração de 90 mM de ácido ascórbico aumenta a taxa de assimilação de CO2 e a eficiência instantânea do uso da água e diminuiu o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar das plantas de goiabeira, aos 240 dias após o transplantio. nãoenzimático não enzimático abióticos disso objetivouse objetivou se gasosas cv pósenxertia. pósenxertia pós enxertia. enxertia pós-enxertia vegetação Naturais Grande ParaíbaPB casualizados 4 fatores 50 (5 100 0, 0 (0 30 6 9 mM, , mM) repetições enxerto transpiração CO 24 transplantio 5 ( 10 3 1

ABSTRACT The search for new technologies capable of providing benefits to healthy eating is a global goal. The consumption of foods rich in carotenoids can prevent serious health problems. Thus, the availability of foods high in carotenoids that are accessible to the majority of the population is essential. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a suitable species for biofortification research based on genetic improvements. In this study, we aimed to select and obtain hybrid lettuce populations with high agronomic potential and biofortified carotenoid content. Ten lettuce lines registered in the “BG α Biofort” software were selected for hybridization. The crosses used to obtain the hybrids involved two strains rich in at least one of the pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and 24 experimental hybrids were obtained. A total of 37 genotypes (strains, hybrids, and commercial cultivars) were evaluated using a randomized block design for agronomic variables and chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Hybrids 12 (UFU-189#3#4#1 × UFU MC BIOFORT 2) and 25 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU-189#3#4#1) had the potential to produce dual-purpose populations (yield and carotenoid biofortification). Hybrid 27 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU MC BIOFORT1) exhibited the best pigment balance. Thus, F2 hybrids 12, 25, and 27 should be obtained to produce new cultivars of biofortified red and green lettuce for curly, american, mini, and romaine lettuce segments. goal problems Thus essential Lactuca L. L improvements study content BG Biofort hybridization carotenoids, , carotenoids) 2 3 strains, (strains 1 UFU189#3#4#1 UFU189341 189#3#4#1 189 4 (UFU-189#3#4# UFU66#4#2 UFU6642 UFU66 (UFU66#4# UFU-189#3#4#1 dualpurpose dual purpose yield biofortification. . biofortification) BIOFORT1 balance F curly american mini segments UFU189 UFU189#3#4# UFU18934 189341 189#3#4# 18 (UFU-189#3#4 UFU66#4# UFU664 UFU6 (UFU66#4 UFU-189#3#4# UFU18 UFU189#3#4 UFU1893 18934 189#3#4 (UFU-189#3# UFU66#4 (UFU66# UFU-189#3#4 UFU1 UFU189#3# 1893 189#3# (UFU-189#3 UFU66# (UFU66 UFU-189#3# UFU189#3 189#3 (UFU-189# (UFU6 UFU-189#3 UFU189# 189# (UFU-189 (UFU UFU-189# (UFU-18 UFU-189 (UFU-1 UFU-18 (UFU- UFU-1 UFU-

RESUMO A busca por novas tecnologias capazes de proporcionar benefícios para uma alimentação saudável tem sido meta mundial. A presença de alimentos ricos em carotenoides pode ser fundamental para prevenir sérios problemas de saúde. Aliar alimentos com altos teores de carotenoides e acessíveis para a maior parte da população é fundamental. A alface (Lactuca sativa L.) se apresenta como uma espécie adequada para investir em pesquisas com biofortificação a partir de melhoramento genético. Assim, o objetivo com este estudo foi selecionar híbridos de alface visando à obtenção de populações com potencial agronômico e biofortificadas para carotenoides. Dez linhagens de alface cadastradas no Software “BG α Biofort” foram utilizadas nas hibridações. Os cruzamentos para obtenção dos híbridos foram planejados envolvendo duas linhagens ricas em pelo menos um dos pigmentos (clorofila e carotenoides) sendo obtidos 24 híbridos experimentais. Foram avaliados 37 genótipos (linhagens, híbridos e cultivares comercias) em delineamento em blocos casualizados quanto as variáveis agronômicas e teores de clorofila e carotenoides. Foi verificado que os híbridos 12 (UFU-189#3#4#1 × UFU MC BIOFORT 2) e 25 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU-189#3#4#1) possuem potencial para obtenção de populações de duplo propósito (produtividade e biofortificada para carotenoide). O híbrido 27 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU MC BIOFORT1) foi o que apresentou maior equilíbrio para pigmentos. Sugere-se a obtenção de populações F2 dos híbridos 12, 25 e 27 visando a obtenção de novas cultivares de alfaces biofortificadas vermelhas e verdes, para os segmentos de alface crespa, americana, mini e romana. mundial saúde Lactuca L. L genético Assim BG Biofort hibridações 2 experimentais 3 linhagens, (linhagens comercias 1 UFU189#3#4#1 UFU189341 189#3#4#1 189 4 (UFU-189#3#4# UFU66#4#2 UFU6642 UFU66 (UFU66#4# UFU-189#3#4#1 produtividade carotenoide. carotenoide . carotenoide) BIOFORT1 Sugerese Sugere F verdes crespa americana romana UFU189 UFU189#3#4# UFU18934 189341 189#3#4# 18 (UFU-189#3#4 UFU66#4# UFU664 UFU6 (UFU66#4 UFU-189#3#4# UFU18 UFU189#3#4 UFU1893 18934 189#3#4 (UFU-189#3# UFU66#4 (UFU66# UFU-189#3#4 UFU1 UFU189#3# 1893 189#3# (UFU-189#3 UFU66# (UFU66 UFU-189#3# UFU189#3 189#3 (UFU-189# (UFU6 UFU-189#3 UFU189# 189# (UFU-189 (UFU UFU-189# (UFU-18 UFU-189 (UFU-1 UFU-18 (UFU- UFU-1 UFU-

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential. Malvaceae (Malvaceae antioxidant remedies medicines Gurke Malva Chapada. Chapada . Chapada” compounds 13 S (S 132S 132(S 17 ethoxyphaeophorbide decanol Z 3β25 3β 3β,2 diol 2 3β24 24 glucopyranoside quercetin acacetin kaempferol tiliroside 3,7,8,4 3784 7 8 4 tetramethoxyflavone 57 5, 3,8,4 384 methoxyflavone 5,7,4 574 38 3, MIC 51 mL1, mL1 , A mL1. content DPPH EC EC5 636 6 36 6.3 0029 0 029 0.02 1. 1 1) P 3β2 3β, 3,7,8, 378 3,8, 5,7, 63 6. 002 02 0.0 3,7,8 37 00 0. 3,7, 3,7

Serial numbers are marks present on several day-to-day objects, created by manufacturers for purposes such as quality control, product tracking and to prevent counterfeiting. In the case of firearms, these characters can be obliterated or damaged by natural processes or intentionally by criminals to prevent positive identification of stolen property. One non-destructive method employed by crime laboratories for the restoration of obliterated characters is the magnetic particle method. The present work aims to study the synthesis and application of waste-made magnetic nanoparticles in the recovery of adulterated markings. A set of analytical-grade materials and metallic waste magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized for comparison purposes. Chemical characterization tests by X-ray fluorescence, morphological tests by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetization tests by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were performed. The efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested on 1020 steel plates previously engraved and adulterated by sanding. Both homemade magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated superior performance compared to commercial magnetic particles. The application of homemade magnetic particles, especially using waste as the source of production, decreases the cost of the material and is environmentally friendly. The development of this material makes magnetic serial number restoration a better option for widespread use in forensic procedures. daytoday day objects control counterfeiting firearms property nondestructive non destructive wastemade made markings analyticalgrade analytical grade Xray X ray fluorescence SEM, SEM , (SEM) VSM (VSM performed 102 sanding particles production friendly procedures (SEM 10 1

The essential oil extracted from Anemia tomentosa (EOAT) has shown larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti, based on methods in vitro and in silico. Chromatographic and spectrometric techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID)), as well as mono and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to assess 10 essential oil components. Chemical composition of essential oil comprised 87.51% sesquiterpenes, with emphasis on presilphiperfolan-1-ol (42.13%) and silphiperfol-5-ene (19.47%). Larvicidal assay conducted in vitro with EOAT has evidenced potential cytotoxic activity up to 48 h exposure to it; mortality rate observed for A. aegypti larvae exposed to essential oil reached 100%. Study conducted in silico with chemical compounds deriving from the herein investigated plant species has evidenced its potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase in A. aegypti. Activity of triquinane sesquiterpenes ranging from -6.8 to -8.2 kcal mol-1 stood out in comparison to that of temephos (-7.5 kcal mol-1). Chemical compounds identified in the investigated essential oil presented low human and environmental toxicity, as observed in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and toxicity (ADMETox) predictions. (EOAT chromatographymass chromatography mass CGMS, CGMS CG MS , (CG-MS) chromatographyflame flame GCFID, GCFID GC FID (GC-FID)) NMR (NMR 1 components 8751 87 51 87.51 presilphiperfolan1ol presilphiperfolanol presilphiperfolan ol 42.13% 4213 42 13 (42.13% silphiperfol5ene silphiperfolene silphiperfol 5 ene 19.47%. 1947 19.47% . 19 47 (19.47%) 4 it A 100 100% 6.8 68 6 8 -6. 8.2 82 2 -8. mol1 mol mol- 7.5 75 7 (-7. mol1. mol-1) absorption distribution excretion ADMETox (ADMETox predictions (CG-MS (GC-FID) 875 87.5 42.13 421 (42.13 194 19.47 (19.47% 6. -6 8. -8 7. (-7 (GC-FID 87. 42.1 (42.1 19.4 (19.47 - (- 42. (42. 19. (19.4 ( (42 (19. (4 (19 (1

This study aimed to employ bibliometric methodologies to provide an overview of silver nanoparticles used as antimicrobial agents over the past decade. According to research conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, a total of 2504 articles were published globally, of which 109 were from Brazilian institutions. Notably, approximately 70% of the leading article-producing countries are in Asia, with India emerging as the primary contributor with 1892 articles. Brazil ranked sixth in terms of publication volume, contributing 366 articles. Predominantly, the Southeastern region of Brazil exhibited the highest publication output, constituting 61% of the total, with the state of São Paulo playing a central role. Despite a gradual increase in the number of publications, most studies focused on synthesis methodologies, mainly producing aqueous silver nanoparticle solutions and their correlation with antimicrobial applications. The scarcity of publications addressing their efficacy in final commercialized products poses challenges for regulatory actions, quality control, and sanitary surveillance. Bibliometric studies are valuable tools for guiding future research efforts with significant potential impacts to foster a deeper understanding of this topic within the scientific community. decade databases 250 globally 10 institutions Notably 70 articleproducing article Asia 189 volume 36 Predominantly output 61 role applications actions control surveillance community 25 1 7 18 3 6 2