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Chemical constituents and antifungal potential of Attalea geraensis Barb. Rodr. (Arecaceae) palm leaves, a species native to the Cerrado of Brazil
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Silva, B. C. F. L.

; Matias, R.

; Oliveira, A. K. M.

; Corrêa, B. O.

; Pinto, L. S.

; Costa, R. F.

; Heredia-Vieira, S. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e271577

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Fungal diseases, especially those that affect the root systems of plants, caused by Rhizoctonia and Macrophomina are limiting factors for achieving high crop yields. Alternatives to controlling fungi with chemical products drive the search for new options for bioactive compounds from plants. Attalea geraensis, a palm tree from the Brazilian Cerrado, is rich in flavonoids with antifungal actions. The objective of this work is to identify the chemical classes present in the ethanolic extract of green leaves of A. geraensis and determine the antifungal potential of the extract against isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn. Phytochemical prospection, flavonoid dereplication, and antifungal activity were carried out of the ethanolic extract of the green leaves of A. geraensis harvested in the Cerrado area of Brazil. Steroids, triterpenes, saponins, and anthraquinones are described here for the first time for the leaves of A. geraensis. The flavonoids quercetin, isorhamnetin, 3,7-dimethylquercetin, quercetin 3-galactoside, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4H-chromen-4-one, rhamnazin 3-galactoside, keioside, and rhamnazin 3-rutinoside were identified. Of these, only quercetin and isorhamnetin had already been identified in the leaves of A. geraensis. The results show a fungistatic potential for the species. The diversity of flavonoids present in the leaves of A. geraensis may be the result of a synergistic action between fungus and plant or there could be an antagonistic effect between flavonoids and the other identified chemical classes.

Resumo Doenças fúngicas, especialmente as que afetam os sistemas radiculares das plantas, causadas por Rhizoctonia e Macrophomina, são fatores limitantes para obtenção de grande produtividade das culturas. Alternativas ao controle dos fungos com produtos químicos impulsionam a pesquisa de novas opções de compostos bioativos oriundos de plantas. A Attalea geraensis, uma palmeira do Cerrado brasileiro, é rica em flavonoides com ações antifúngicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as classes químicas presentes no extrato etanólico das folhas verdes de A. geraensis e determinar o potencial antifúngico do extrato frente a isolados de Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. e Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn. Realizou-se a prospecção fitoquímica, desreplicação de flavonoides e atividade antifúngica a partir do extrato etanólico das folhas verdes da A. geraensis, colhida em área de Cerrado do Brasil. Os esteroides, triterpenos, saponinas e antraquinonas estão sendo descritos pela primeira vez para as folhas de A. geraensis. Foram identificados os flavonoides quercetina, isoramnetina, 3,7-dimetilquercetina, quercetina 3-galactosídeo, 5,7-dihidroxi-2-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)-3-{[3,4,5-trihidroxi-6-(hidroximetil)oxan-2-il]oxi}-4H-cromen-4-ona, ramnazina 3-galactosídeo, keiosídeo e ramnazina 3-rutinosídeo. Destes, somente a quercetina e isorhamnetin já haviam sido identificadas nas folhas da A. geraensis. Os resultados indicam potencial fungistático para a espécie. Infere-se que a diversidade de flavonoides presentes nas folhas de A. geraensis pode ser resultado da ação sinérgica entre fungo e planta ou que haja um efeito antagonista entre os flavonoides e as demais classes químicas identificadas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.271577

Lipid droplets in Zika neuroinfection: Potential targets for intervention?
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Dias, Suelen Silva Gomes

; Cunha-Fernandes, Tamires

; Soares, Vinicius Cardoso

; de Almeida, Cecília JG

; Bozza, Patricia T

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e230044

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Lipid droplets (LD) are evolutionarily conserved lipid-enriched organelles with a diverse array of cell- and stimulus-regulated proteins. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that intracellular pathogens exploit LD as energy sources, replication sites, and part of the mechanisms of immune evasion. Nevertheless, LD can also favor the host as part of the immune and inflammatory response to pathogens. The functions of LD in the central nervous system have gained great interest due to their presence in various cell types in the brain and for their suggested involvement in neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases. Only recently have the roles of LD in neuroinfections begun to be explored. Recent findings reveal that lipid remodelling and increased LD biogenesis play important roles for Zika virus (ZIKV) replication and pathogenesis in neural cells. Moreover, blocking LD formation by targeting DGAT-1 in vivo inhibited virus replication and inflammation in the brain. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism and LD biogenesis may represent potential strategies for anti-ZIKV treatment development. Here, we review the progress in understanding LD functions in the central nervous system in the context of the host response to Zika infection.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230044

Malaria and tuberculosis as diseases of neglected populations: state of the art in chemotherapy and advances in the search for new drugs
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de Araújo, Renan Vinicius

; Santos, Soraya Silva

; Sanches, Luccas Missfeldt

; Giarolla, Jeanine

; El Seoud, Omar

; Ferreira, Elizabeth Igne

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2020, Volume 115 elocation e200229

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Malaria and tuberculosis are no longer considered to be neglected diseases by the World Health Organization. However, both are huge challenges and public health problems in the world, which affect poor people, today referred to as neglected populations. In addition, malaria and tuberculosis present the same difficulties regarding the treatment, such as toxicity and the microbial resistance. The increase of Plasmodium resistance to the available drugs along with the insurgence of multidrug- and particularly tuberculosis drug-resistant strains are enough to justify efforts towards the development of novel medicines for both diseases. This literature review provides an overview of the state of the art of antimalarial and antituberculosis chemotherapies, emphasising novel drugs introduced in the pharmaceutical market and the advances in research of new candidates for these diseases, and including some aspects of their mechanism/sites of action.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760200229 1197 downloads

Search for sources of resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii in commercial and wild tomatoes
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Silva, Alysson J da

; Oliveira, Gustavo HF de

; Pastoriza, Rhuan JG

; Maranhão, Eduardo HA

; Pedrosa, Elvira MR

; Maranhão, Sandra RVL

; Boiteux, Leonardo S

; Pinheiro, Jadir B

; Carvalho Filho, José Luiz S de

Horticultura Brasileira

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Jun 2019, Volume 37 Nº 2 Páginas 188 - 198

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Meloidogyne enterolobii (=M. mayaguensis) é um patógeno de plantas capaz de induzir galhas e reduzir produtividade de uma vasta gama de espécies hospedeiras. Este patógeno tem sido também reportado como ameaça global para a cultura do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum), principalmente, por causa da sua habilidade de suplantar a resistência a algumas espécies de Meloidogyne mediada pelo gene Mi-1. Apesar da importância potencial deste nematoide, fontes de resistência a M. enterolobii ainda não estão disponíveis para fins de melhoramento. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar um amplo germoplasma de Solanum (seção Lycopersicum) composto por nove espécies e uma variedade botânica, objetivando identificar fontes de resistência a M. enterolobii. No primeiro ensaio, 101 acessos e a cultivar Santa Cruz, empregada como padrão de suscetibilidade, foram inoculados e avaliados sob condição controlada. As variáveis foram o índice de galhas, número de galhas e de ovos nas raízes e o fator de reprodução. Vinte acessos promissores quanto à reação de resistência a M. enterolobii, no primeiro ensaio, foram selecionados e testados no ensaio seguinte. Os acessos S. lycopersicum ‘Yoshimatsu’, S. lycopersicum ‘CNPH 1246’ e S. pimpinelifolium CGO 7650 (= CNPH 1195) foram identificados com melhor comportamento de resistência a M. enterolobii. Estes acessos foram reavaliados contra uma população distinta de M. enterolobii e também contra M. javanica e M. incognita raça 1. Sob maior pressão de inóculo, ‘Yoshimatsu’ foi resistente a M. javanica e a M. incognita raça 1, mas, suscetível a M. enterolobii. Os outros dois acessos foram suscetíveis aos três nematoides. Germoplasmas adicionais devem ser avaliados uma vez que fontes de resistência a M. enterolobii ainda não foram encontradas.

ABSTRACT Meloidogyne enterolobii (=M. mayaguensis) is an emerging plant pathogen capable of inducing root galls and yield reduction in a wide range of host species. This pathogen has also been reported as a global threat for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crop production mainly due to its ability to overcome the resistance meditated by the Mi-1 gene. Despite the potential importance of this nematode, sources of resistance to M. enterolobii are not yet available for breeding purposes. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate a large Solanum (section Lycopersicum) germplasm (comprising nine species and one botanic variety) aiming to identify useful sources of resistance to M. enterolobii. In the first screening assay, 101 accessions and the susceptible standard S. lycopersicum ‘Santa Cruz’ were inoculated and evaluated under controlled conditions. The phenotypic criteria used for evaluation were the number of root galls, gall index, number of eggs, and the reproduction factor. Plants of the 20 selected accessions were cultivated in 0.4 L pots filled with sterile soil. Inoculation procedures were identical to the first assay, but with higher inoculum pressure (3,300 eggs per plant). Three accessions with superior tolerance levels to M. enterolobii were identified viz. S. lycopersicum ‘Yoshimatsu’, S. lycopersicum ‘CNPH 1246’ and S. pimpinelifolium CGO 7650 (= CNPH 1195). These accessions were re-evaluated against a distinct M. enterolobii population as well as against two other root-knot nematode species (M. javanica and one M. incognita race 1). Under higher inoculum pressure, ‘Yoshimatsu’ was found to be resistant to M. javanica and M. incognita race 1, but susceptible to M. enterolobii from guava. The other two sources displayed susceptibility to all three nematodes. Additional germplasm screening is needed since no source of stable genetic resistance to M. enterolobii was found so far.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190209 888 downloads

Performance, Carcass Variables, and Meat Quality of Broilers Supplemented with Dietary Mexican Oregano Oil
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Cázares-Gallegos, R

; Silva-Vázquez, R

; Hernández-Martínez, CA

; Gutiérrez-Soto, JG

; Kawas-Garza, JR

; Hume, ME

; Méndez-Zamora, GM

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2019, Volume 21 Nº 1 elocation eRBCA-2019-0801

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The current study was conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of Mexican oregano essential oil (MOO; Lippiaberlandieri Schauer) on broiler performance, carcass variables, meat quality, and sensory evaluation. One-day-old mixed-sex broilers were distributed in the following treatment groups, according to MOO supplementation levels: 0 = control diet; 200 = diet + 2200 mg of MOO/kg; 400 = diet + 4200 mg of MOO/kg; 600 = diet + 6200 mg of MOO/kg; 800 = diet + 8200 mg of MOO/kg; 1000 = diet + 1000 mg of MOO/kg. MOO affected (p<0.05) body weight, feed and water intake, and feed conversion ratio. The 200 and 400 mg/kg formulations gave better results at 7, 14 and 28 d than the other diets. MOO at 1000 mg/kg increased (p<0.05) slaughter weight and hot carcass yield, and decreased meat pH and cooking loss. The 200 and 400 treatments increased breast meat redness (a*), but reduced yellowness (b*). Meat hardness, cohesiveness and resilience were affected (p<0.05) by MOO, but not (p>0.05) the sensory parameters evaluated. Mexican oregano oil presents positive qualities as a plant-derived performance enhancer in broiler diets and improves of the meat quality of broilers at the levels of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of diet.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0801 1906 downloads

Performance of mini-tomato hybrids in different training systems with different number of stems
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Vargas, Pablo F

; Duarte, Leonardo S

; Silva, Edgard HC

; Zecchini, Amanda C

; Soares, Renato S

; Godoy, Leandro JG

Horticultura Brasileira

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Set 2017, Volume 35 Nº 3 Páginas 428 - 433

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Atualmente o Brasil configura-se entre os maiores produtores de tomate, sendo tal produção direcionada tanto para a indústria como para mesa. Dentre os diferentes grupos de tomateiro, os minitomates apresentam crescimento de produção nos últimos anos, devido seu alto valor comercial e maior estabilidade de preços no momento da comercialização. Contudo, por ser recente no país, poucos são os estudos com esse grupo. Objetivou-se avaliar híbridos de minitomates em diferentes sistemas de condução, em cultivo protegido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2×2×4, sendo os fatores: dois números de hastes (uma e duas hastes por planta), dois sistema de condução [convencional (vertical) e horizontal] e quatro híbridos [AF 18196 (Sakata Seed); AF 13106 (Sakata Seed); Nina (Takii Seed); Cocktail Mascot (Agristar/Top Seed Premium)], com três repetições, contendo quatro plantas por parcela na área útil. Avaliou-se a produção por planta, massa do fruto, diâmetro transversal e longitudinal do fruto, número de frutos por planta, número de cachos por planta, número de frutos por cacho, precocidade, ciclo de produção, teor de clorofila, sólidos solúveis e ciclo da cultura. Os híbridos mais promissores são AF 13106 (2,71 kg/planta), AF 18196 (2,63 kg/planta) e Mascot (2,38 kg/planta), manejado com duas hastes (2,63 kg/planta) no sistema vertical de condução (2,94 kg/planta).

ABSTRACT At present, Brazil is among the world's largest tomato producers. This production is directed both for the industry and for fresh consumption. Among the different tomato groups, production of mini-tomatoes has grown in recent years because of their high commercial value and mainly greater price stability. However, there are few studies investigating the proper management of this group, as it is recent in the country. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the viability of mini-tomato hybrids in different training systems, in greenhouse conditions. The experiment was set as a randomized block design in a 2×2×4 factorial arrangement with two numbers of stems (one and two stems per plant), two training systems [conventional (vertical) and horizontal], and four hybrids [AF 18196 (Sakata Seed); AF 13106 (Sakata Seed); Nina (Takii Seed) and Cocktail Mascot (Agristar/Top Seed Premium)], with three replicates and four plants per plot in the usable area. The evaluated variables were production per plant, fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of fruits per cluster, precocity, production cycle, chlorophyll index, soluble solids, and crop cycle. The most promising hybrids are AF 13106 (2.71 kg/plant), AF 18196 (2.63 kg/plant) and Mascot (2.38 kg/plant), managed with two stems (2.63 kg/plant), in the vertical system (2.94 kg/plant).

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620170319 1060 downloads

Seleção e parâmetros genéticos de progênies de coentro tolerantes ao calor
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Oliveira, Natália S

; Carvalho Filho, José LS

; Silva, Drielle O

; Pastoriza, Rhuan JG

; Melo, Roberto A

; Silva, José W

; Menezes, Dimas

Horticultura Brasileira

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Set 2015, Volume 33 Nº 3 Páginas 319 - 323

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O coentro é uma hortaliça bastante apreciada como condimento. Em Pernambuco, a cultivar Verdão é uma das mais plantadas, porém um dos problemas dessa cultivar tem sido o seu pendoamento precoce. Cultivares com maior período de crescimento vegetativo e tolerantes ao pendoamento precoce têm sido procuradas pelos produtores. Entretanto, são poucas as pesquisas realizadas no Brasil com cultivares de coentro com essas características. Uma alternativa seria identificar populações promissoras para obtenção de linhagens adaptadas ao calor dentro da cultivar Verdão, uma vez que essa cultivar apresenta ciclo curto e variabilidade genética para este caráter. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos e predizer o valor genético de progênies de meio-irmãos de coentro pela metodologia dos modelos lineares mistos (procedimento REML/BLUP) quanto aos caracteres número de dias para início do pendoamento, altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule e massa fresca, além de estimar o número mínimo de progênies adequado para representar uma população de coentro derivada da cultivar Verdão. Oitenta e cinco progênies de meio-irmãos do segundo ciclo de seleção recorrente foram conduzidas em dois experimentos. Foram obtidas estimativas de herdabilidade altas e relações CVg/CVe superiores à unidade para todos os caracteres avaliados, exceto para altura de plantas. A estimativa de parâmetros genéticos permitiu concluir que as progênies de coentro apresentam variabilidade genética para os caracteres número de dias para início do pendoamento, diâmetro do caule e massa fresca. O número mínimo de progênies adequado para estimar os parâmetros genéticos e representar a população de coentro é de 68. Treze progênies de meio-irmãos podem ser selecionadas para dar continuidade ao programa de melhoramento de coentro para tolerância ao calor.

Coriander is a vegetable crop very appreciated as a condiment. The cultivar Verdão is one of the most cultivated in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil), however it is susceptible to premature bolting. Cultivars with longer vegetative growth and tolerant to early bolting have been sought by producers. Nevertheless, a few studies are conducted in Brazil on coriander cultivars with such characteristics. An alternative would be the identification of promising populations to obtain lineages adapted to heat within the cultivar Verdão, since this cultivar has a short cycle and genetic variability for this characteristic. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and predict the genetic value of half-sib coriander progenies by the methodology of mixed linear models (REML/BLUP procedure) regarding the characters number of days to the beginning of bolting, plant height, stem diameter and fresh weight. Besides estimating the minimum number of suitable progenies to represent a coriander population derived from the cultivar Verdão. Eighty-five half-sib progenies of the second cycle of recurrent selection were conducted in two experiments. The estimation of high heritability and the CVg/CVe ratio above the unit for all traits were obtained, except for plant height. The estimation of genetic parameters showed that coriander progenies exhibit genetic variability for the characters number of days to the beginning of bolting, stem diameter and fresh weight. The minimum number of suitable progenies to estimate genetic parameters and to represent the coriander population is 68 progenies. Thirteen half-sib progenies may be selected to carry on the coriander breeding program regarding heat tolerance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620150000300007 1804 downloads

I Diretriz de Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar e Cuidados Cardiovasculares de Emergência da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia
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Gonzalez, MM

; Timerman, S

; Gianotto-Oliveira, R

; Polastri, TF

; Canesin, MF

; Schimidt, A

; Siqueira, AW

; Pispico, A

; Longo, A

; Pieri, A

; Reis, A

; Tanaka, ACS

; Santos, AM

; Quilici, AP

; Ribeiro, ACL

; Barreto, ACP

; Pazin-Filho, A

; Timerman, A

; Machado, CA

; Franchin Neto, C

; Miranda, CH

; Medeiros, CR

; Malaque, CMS

; Bernoche, C

; Gonçalves, DM

; Sant'Ana, DG

; Osawa, EA

; Peixoto, E

; Arfelli, E

; Evaristo, EF

; Azeka, E

; Gomes, EP

; Wen, FH

; Ferreira, FG

; Lima, FG

; Mattos, FR

; Galas, FG

; Marques, FRB

; Tarasoutchi, F

; Mancuso, FJN

; Freitas, GR

; Feitosa-Filho, GS

; Barbosa, GC

; Giovanini, GR

; Miotto, HC

; Guimarães, HP

; Andrade, JP

; Oliveira-Filho, J

; Fernandes, JG

; Moraes Junior, JBMX

; Carvalho, JJF

; Ramires, JAF

; Cavalini, JF

; Teles, JMM

; Lopes, JL

; Lopes, LNGD

; Piegas, LS

; Hajjar, LA

; Brunório, L

; Dallan, LAP

; Cardoso, LF

; Rabelo, MMN

; Almeida, MFB

; Souza, MFS

; Favarato, MH

; Pavão, MLRC

; Shimoda, MS

; Oliveira Junior, MT

; Miura, N

; Filgueiras Filho, NM

; Pontes-Neto, OM

; Pinheiro, PAPC

; Farsky, OS

; Lopes, RD

; Silva, RCG

; Kalil Filho, R

; Gonçalves, RM

; Gagliardi, RJ

; Guinsburg, R

; Lisak, S

; Araújo, S

; Martins, SCO

; Lage, SG

; Franchi, SM

; Shimoda, T

; Accorsi, TD

; Barral, TCN

; Machado, TAO

; Scudeler, TL

; Lima, VC

; Guimarães, VA

; Sallai, VS

; Xavier, WS

; Nazima, W

; Sako, YK

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Ago 2013, Volume 101 Nº 2 Páginas 1 - 221

Resumo: Pt | Texto: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.2013S006 554620 downloads

First description of Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Rotavirus and Torque teno virus in water samples collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Vecchia, AD

; Fleck, JD

; Comerlato, J

; Kluge, M

; Bergamaschi, B

; Da Silva, JVS

; Da Luz, RB

; Teixeira, TF

; Garbinatto, GN

; Oliveira, DV

; Zanin, JG

; Van der Sand, S

; Frazzon, APG

; Franco, AC

; Roehe, PM

; Spilki, FR

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Mai 2012, Volume 72 Nº 2 Páginas 323 - 329

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Adenovírus (AdV), enterovírus (EV), rotavírus (GARV) e Torque teno vírus (TTV) são vírus não envelopados, excretados nas fezes, podendo, assim, contaminar corpos hídricos. No presente estudo, a detecção molecular desses agentes foi realizada em amostras de águas superficiais provenientes do Arroio Dilúvio, o qual cruza a cidade de Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas em três meses diferentes (janeiro, abril e setembro) do ano de 2009. A maior taxa de detecção viral foi observada para EV (64,28%), seguida por TTV (28,57%) e AdV (21,43%). Rotavírus não foi detectado. Foi verificada presença simultânea de dois grupos virais em cinco (35,71%) das 14 amostras analisadas. Janeiro foi o mês com a maior taxa de detecção viral, sendo todas as amostras, coletadas nesse mês, positivas para, no mínimo, um grupo viral em estudo. A correlação entre a detecção desses diferentes agentes virais e os fatores ambientais é discutida. Conforme conhecimento dos autores, essa é a primeira descrição de genomas virais em amostras de água provenientes do Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre, Brasil.

Adenovirus (AdV), enterovirus (EV), genogroup A rotaviruses (GARV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) are non-enveloped viral agents excreted in feces and so may contaminate water bodies. In the present study, the molecular detection of these viruses was performed in samples of surface water collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, a waterstream that crosses the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, receiving great volumes of non-treated sewage from a large urban area. Sampling was performed during 2009, in three different occasions (January, April and September). The highest detection rate was observed for EV (64.28%), followed by TTV (28.57%) and AdV (21.43%). Rotaviruses were not detected. More than on kind of tested virus was detected in five (35. 71%) of 14 samples. January was the month with the highest viral detection rate, being all samples, collected in this month, positive for at least one group of tested virus. The correlation between the detection of these different viral agents and environmental factors is discussed. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first description of viral genomes in water samples taken from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre (Brazil).

5748 downloads Citado 8 vezes em SciELO

10.

A morphometric and molecular study of Anastrepha pickeli Lima (Diptera: Tephritidae)
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Bomfim, ZV

; Lima, KM

; Silva, JG

; Costa, MA

; Zucchi, RA

Neotropical Entomology

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Out 2011, Volume 40 Nº 5 Páginas 587 - 594

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This study investigated the level of morphometric and genetic variability among populations of Anastrepha pickeli Lima from several localities in Brazil, one locality in Bolivia and one in Paraguay. Traditional and geometric morphometric analyses were used, as well as sequencing of a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase gene (COI). Six variables were measured from the aculeus for traditional morphometric analysis and 14 landmarks from the right wing were used for geometric analysis, using 10 specimes/population. The aculeus tip length, aculeus width at the end of the cloaca opening, and the serrate part length contributed with 62.7% for grouping. According to the results from traditional morphometry, there was no significant difference, but the multivariate tests showed that the canonical variables were statistically significant, indicating a difference in the wing conformation among populations. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that the populations clustered into three clades and revealed a high level of genetic variation within A. pickeli populations from various geographic regions. Anastrepha pickeli populations differed among them according to the methods used in this study, showing incongruence among the methods used.

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11.

Influência da densidade de ovos de Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) na capacidade de parasitismo de Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner e Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
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Polanczyk, RA

; Barbosa, WF

; Celestino, FN

; Pratissoli, D

; Holtz, AM

; Milanez, AM

; Cocheto, JG

; Silva, AF da

Neotropical Entomology

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Abr 2011, Volume 40 Nº 2 Páginas 238 - 243

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The effects of the egg density of Diaphania hyalinata (L.) on several biological parameters of Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner and T. pretiosum Riley were investigated. For that, 24h-old egg masses were isolated in glass tubes (15 replicates; 1 egg mass = 1 replicate), and offered to parasitization by a newly-emerged female of T. pretiosum or T. exiguum 24h at the proportion of one female to 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 eggs of D. hyalinata. The following parameters were evaluated: number of parasitized eggs, number of individuals per egg, viability and sex ratio. Trichogramma exiguum parasitized more eggs than T. pretiosum when more than 25 eggs were available per female. The percentage of emergence was satisfactory to T. pretiosum in densities up to 15 eggs/female and up to 20 eggs/female for T. exiguum. The number of individuals per egg was not statistically different in both species except in the density of 25 eggs/female. It can be concluded that T. exiguum performed better than T. pretiosum at larger clutch sizes, as T. exiguum parasitization capacity increased as a result of the size of the host clutch size.

2320 downloads

12.

Morphometric Analysis of Populations of Centris aenea Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Northeastern Brazil
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Ferreira, VS

; Aguiar, CML

; Costa, MA

; Silva, JG

Neotropical Entomology

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Fev 2011, Volume 40 Nº 1 Páginas 97 - 102

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Centris aenea Lepeletier is a solitary bee that has raised interest in management to pollinate crops, such as acerola, Malpighia emarginata. This study investigated the level of morphometric variability among populations of C. aenea from Northeastern Brazil. Traditional and geometric morphometric analyses were used. Head length, leg length, wing length, and wing shape were measured in samples (5-10 females) from eight localities. We did not find statistically significant differences among the populations (P > 0.01). The partial wing warps were similar in the populations and indicated that the bees were not morphometrically different. Our results suggest that C. aenea shows low population morphometric variability and highlight the need for further investigations on population variation in this species, preferably including populations sampled at the extremes of their geographic distribution. Significant insight into the population variation of C. aenea will probably require the use of molecular markers to allow a comparative approach between morphometric variability and genetic variability.

3121 downloads

13.

Cell-mediated immune response to Leishmania chagasi experimental infection of BALB/c immunosuppressed mice
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Machado, JG

; Hoffmann, JL

; Krause, VLK

; da Silva, AV

; Dias-Melicio, LA

; Langoni, H

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

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2010, Volume 16 Nº 1 Páginas 131 - 146

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Leishmaniasis, a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, presents a significant impact on immunosupressed patients. This study aimed to evaluate Leishmania chagasi infection in BALB/c mice immunosuppressed with dexamethasone. Spleen cells stimulated or not with L. chagasi were cultured for cytokine quantification (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10) by sandwich ELISA. Parasite loads in the spleen and liver were determined by means of culture microtitration. Immunosuppressed groups showed statistically lower spleen weight and CD4-cell percentage in blood on the day of infection and produced Th1 and Th2 cytokines on other days of the study. The other infected groups, weather immunosupressed or not, also produced Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Parasite loads in the spleen and liver were not statistically different among the groups. It was concluded that L. chagasi infection was not affected by dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression, probably due the reversible effect of the treatment.

1900 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

14.

Absence of experimental cross-protection induced by a Trypanosoma cruzi-like strain isolated from bats
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Nascentes, Gabriel Antonio Nogueira

; Meira, Wendell Sérgio Ferreira

; Lages-Silva, Eliane

; Ramírez, Luis Eduardo

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Abr 2008, Volume 41 Nº 2 Páginas 152 - 157

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este trabalho avaliou a possibilidade da inoculação e reinoculação de um tripanossomatídeo isolado de morcego, morfológica, biológica e molecularmente semelhante ao Trypanosoma cruzi, na proteção contra a infecção por cepas virulentas. Camundongos não-isogênicos foram divididos em 24 grupos, que receberam de zero a três inóculos da cepa RM1 de Trypanosoma cruzi-like, na presença ou ausência de adjuvante de Freund e desafiados com as cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi VIC ou JG. Acompanhou-se a parasitemia e a sobrevida e os camundongos foram sacrificados para análise histopatológica. Os animais imunizados com a cepa RM1 de Trypanosoma cruzi-like apresentaram redução da parasitemia, independente do número de inóculos ou presença de adjuvante. Apesar dessa redução, os animais não apresentaram proteção contra lesões histopatológicas e observaram-se intensos infiltrados eosinofílicos que foram correlacionados com o número de inóculos da cepa RM1 de Trypanosoma cruzi-like. Sugere-se que a inoculação prévia dessa cepa, ao invés de proteger contra a infecção, agravou o processo inflamatório tecidual.

This study evaluated the possibility of inoculation and reinoculation with a trypanosomatid isolated from bats that is morphologically, biologically and molecularly similar to Trypanosoma cruzi, to protect against infection by virulent strains. Non-isogenic mice were divided into 24 groups that received from zero to three inoculations of Trypanosoma cruzi-like strain RM1, in the presence or absence of Freund's adjuvant, and were challenged with the VIC or JG strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitemia and survival were monitored and animals were sacrificed for histopathological analysis. Animals immunized with Trypanosoma cruzi-like strain RM1 presented decreased parasitemia, independently of the number of inoculations or the presence of adjuvant. In spite of this reduction, these animals did not present any protection against histopathological lesions. Severe eosinophilic infiltrate was observed and was correlated with the number of inoculations of Trypanosoma cruzi-like strain RM1. These findings suggest that prior inoculation with this strain did not protect against infection but, rather, aggravated the tissue inflammatory process.

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15.

Fatty acid profile of eggs of semi-heavy layers fed feeds containing linseed oil
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Souza, JG

; Costa, FGP

; Queiroga, RCRE

; Silva, JHV

; Schuler, ARP

; Goulart, CC

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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Mar 2008, Volume 10 Nº 1 Páginas 37 - 44

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in chicken eggs by adding oils to the diets has been extensively studied. This experiment aimed at evaluating possible changes in the fatty acid profile of the eggs of layers fed diets supplemented with linseed and soybean oils. The experiment was performed using 192 29 week-old laying hens, distributed in a completely randomized design, into six treatments with four replicates of eight birds each. Treatments consisted of a control diet (no vegetable oil) and diets including 2% of vegetable oil. Linseed oil replaced 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% soybean oil in the diets, corresponding to 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% of linseed oil in the diet. A pool of two egg yolks from each treatment was submitted to lipid extraction and fatty acid methylation, and subsequent gas chromatography (GC) analysis to detect seven fatty acids. Saturated (myristic and palmitic) fatty acids concentration was affected by lipid dietary source, with the lowest concentration in birds were fed feeds containing linseed oil. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentration in the eggs was influenced by different levels of linseed oil inclusion. Linoleic acid egg content increased when linseed oil was used on diet as compared to the control diet. Linseed oil was considered an excellent source of linolenic acid incorporation in the eggs.

4383 downloads Citado 3 vezes em SciELO

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