RESUMO Este estudo avaliou o uso de óleos essenciais (OE) de alecrim (Lippia sidoides) (OELS), capim-limão (Cymbopogon flexuosus) (OECF) e zinziba (Lippia javanica) (OELJ) para sedação e anestesia de acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare). Uma concentração de 10 µL L-1 de todos os OE causou sedação. A concentração ideal para anestesia de OOLS foi de 100 µL L-1, enquanto para OECF foi de 500 µL L-1. OELJ não alcançou tempos ideais de anestesia mesmo com 500 µL L-1. Todos os OE testados foram efetivos, sem causar mortalidade por até 72h após os experimentos. Em conclusão, os OE deste estudo podem ser usados para sedação dos peixes em uma concentração de 10 µL L-1, e, para anestesia dos peixes, é recomendado OELS (100 µL L-1), uma vez que ele foi mais efetivo que os demais OE. (OE Lippia sidoides OELS, , (OELS) capimlimão capim limão Cymbopogon flexuosus (OECF javanica (OELJ acarábandeira acará bandeira Pterophyllum scalare. scalare . scalare) 1 L1 L L- L1, 1, 50 L1. 1. efetivos h experimentos conclusão (10 L-1) (OELS 5 (1 (

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a composição de macro e microminerais, além de quantificar os teores de ácido cianídrico e realizar uma triagem fitoquímica qualitativa em três variedades de palma forrageira cultivadas no semiárido brasileiro. Os cladódios subterminais das variedades Miúda, IPA-Sertânia e Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) foram colhidos com aproximadamente dois anos de idade, no Agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil. Os teores médios de cálcio variaram de 21,15 a 34,02g/kg de matéria seca (MS), nas variedades IPA-Sertânia e Miúda, respectivamente. Por outro lado, todas as variedades de palma apresentaram baixo teor de fósforo. Níveis elevados de magnésio e potássio foram observados nas diferentes variedades de palma forrageira. No entanto, a concentração de sódio foi de 0,13g/kg de MS, independentemente da variedade. As concentrações de cobre e ferro foram de 30,98 e 555,89mg/kg de MS na variedade OEM. Já a variedade Miúda apresentou 52,74 e 605,60mg/kg de MS de zinco e manganês, respectivamente. Foram detectados níveis de ácido cianídrico, e a triagem fitoquímica demonstrou presença de grande diversidade de compostos bioativos. A palma forrageira (Opuntia e Nopalea) apresenta desequilíbrio macromineral e altos teores de microminerais. Além disso, contém diversas substâncias bioativas, com diferentes capacidades. microminerais brasileiro IPASertânia IPA Sertânia OEM (OEM idade Pernambuco Brasil 2115 21 15 21,1 3402gkg gkg 34 02g kg g , (MS) respectivamente lado fósforo entanto 013gkg 0 13g 3098 30 98 30,9 55589mgkg mgkg 555 89mg mg 5274 52 74 52,7 60560mgkg 605 60mg manganês bioativos Opuntia Nopalea disso bioativas capacidades 211 2 1 21, 3 (MS 309 9 30, 55 527 5 7 52, 60 6

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de espécies de palma forrageira, em dietas para cordeiros confinados, sobre o consumo, a absorção aparente e a retenção de macrominerais. Trinta e seis cordeiros Santa Inês, machos, não castrados, com peso médio de 22,0±2,87kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos [dieta contendo feno de Tifton-85 como volumoso exclusivo (controle), dieta à base de palma miúda ou palma orelha-de-elefante-mexicana (OEM)] e 12 repetições. Os consumos de cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg) (via dieta e total) foram maiores (P=0,001) para os animais alimentados com dietas suplementadas com palma forrageira miúda. A palma forrageira, independentemente da espécie, causou diminuição média de 45,4% na ingestão de sódio (P=0,001). Houve perda líquida de Ca pelos cordeiros alimentados com palma OEM (P=0,001). A absorção e a retenção de P foram maiores com a dieta controle em comparação à dieta OEM (P<0,05). A quantidade aparentemente absorvida e a retenção corporal de Mg foram maiores nos cordeiros alimentados com palma miúda (P=0,001). Portanto, a dieta contendo palma miúda aumenta o consumo e a retenção corporal de Ca e Mg por cordeiros. No entanto, o uso de palma OEM pode ser insustentável a longo prazo. confinados macrominerais Inês machos castrados 220287kg kg 22 0 2 87kg 22,0±2,87kg acaso Tifton85 Tifton 85 Tifton-8 controle, , (controle) orelhadeelefantemexicana orelha elefante mexicana (OEM) 1 repetições (Ca (Mg via total P=0,001 P0001 001 (P=0,001 espécie 454 45 4 45,4 P=0,001. . P<0,05. P005 P<0,05 05 (P<0,05) Portanto entanto prazo Tifton8 8 Tifton- (controle (OEM P=0,00 P000 00 (P=0,00 45, P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 P=0,0 (P=0,0 P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P=0, (P=0, P<0 (P<0, P=0 (P=0 P< (P<0 P= (P= (P< (P

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of spineless cactus species in diets of feedlot lambs on intake, apparent absorption and retention of macrominerals. Thirty-six uncastrated male Santa Inês lambs presenting an average body weight of 22.0±2.87 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments [diet containing Tifton-85 hay as exclusive roughage (control), Miúda cactus cladodes-based diet or Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) cactus cladodes-based diet] and twelve replicates. The calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) intakes (from feed and total) were higher (P=0.001) for animals fed diets supplemented with Miúda spineless cactus. The spineless cactus, regardless of species, caused a mean decrease of 45.4% in sodium intake (P=0.001). There was a net loss of Ca by lambs fed OEM spineless cactus (P=0.001). The absorption and retention of P was higher in control diet compared to the OEM diet (P<0.05). The amount apparently absorbed, and body retention of Mg were higher for lambs fed Miúda spineless cactus-diet (P=0.001). Therefore, the diet containing Miúda spineless cactus increases the intake and body retention of Ca and Mg in lambs. However, the use of OEM spineless cactus may be unsuitable for a long-term. macrominerals Thirtysix Thirty six 220287 22 0 2 87 22.0±2.8 Tifton85 Tifton 85 Tifton-8 control, , (control) cladodesbased cladodes based (OEM replicates (Ca (Mg from total P=0.001 P0001 001 (P=0.001 454 45 4 45.4 P=0.001. . P<0.05. P005 P<0.05 05 (P<0.05) absorbed cactusdiet Therefore However longterm. longterm long term. term long-term 22028 8 22.0±2. Tifton8 Tifton- (control P=0.00 P000 00 (P=0.00 45. P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 2202 22.0±2 P=0.0 (P=0.0 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 220 22.0± P=0. (P=0. P<0 (P<0. 22.0 P=0 (P=0 P< (P<0 22. P= (P= (P< (P

Brain glucose hypometabolism and neuroinflammation are early pathogenic manifestations in neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation may also disrupt leptin signaling, an adipokine that centrally regulates appetite and energy balance by acting on the hypothalamus and exerting neuroprotection in the hippocampus. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) animal model used to investigate diabetes-associated molecular mechanisms without obesity jeopardizing effects. Wistar and GK rats received the maintenance adult rodent diet. Also, an additional control group of Wistar rats received a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHS) provided by free consumption of condensed milk. All diets and water were provided ad libitum for eight weeks. Brain glucose uptake was evaluated by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose under basal (saline administration) or stimulated (CL316,243, a selective β3-AR agonist) conditions. The animals were fasted for 10-12 h, anesthetized, and euthanized. The brain was quickly dissected, and the hippocampal area was sectioned and stored at -80°C in different tubes for protein and RNA analyses on the same animal. GK rats exhibited attenuated brain glucose uptake compared to Wistar animals and the HFHS group under basal conditions. Also, the hippocampus of GK rats displayed upregulated leptin receptor, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression and IL-1β and the subunit of the transcription factor NF-κB (p-p65) protein expression. No significant alterations were detected in the hippocampus of HFHS rats. Our data indicated that a genetic predisposition to T2DM has significant brain deteriorating features, including brain glucose hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, and leptin signaling disruption in the hippocampal area. disorders GotoKakizaki Goto Kakizaki (GK nonobese non obese TDM T DM (T2DM diabetesassociated associated effects Also highfat high fat highsugar sugar (HFHS milk weeks 2deoxy2fluorine18 deoxyfluorine deoxy fluorine 18 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18 fluoroDglucose fluoro D saline administration CL316,243, CL316243 CL CL316 243 (CL316,243 β3AR βAR β3 AR β agonist conditions 1012 10 12 10-1 h anesthetized euthanized dissected 80°C 80C C 80 receptor IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β IL6 6 IL- NFκB NF κB pp65 pp p p65 (p-p65 features 2deoxy2fluorine1 1 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-1 CL316,243 CL31624 CL31 24 (CL316,24 101 10- 8 pp6 p6 (p-p6 2deoxy2fluorine 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine- CL316,24 CL3162 CL3 (CL316,2 (p-p 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine CL316,2 (CL316, CL316, (CL316 (CL31 (CL3 (CL

Abstract Although there are reports that polyphenol resveratrol (Rsv) may cause muscle hypertrophy in basal conditions and attenuate muscle wasting in catabolic situations, its mechanism of action is still unclear. Our study evaluated the ex vivo effects of Rsv on protein metabolism and intracellular signaling in innervated (sham-operated; Sham) and 3-day sciatic denervated (Den) rat skeletal muscles. Rsv (10-4 M) reduced total proteolysis (40%) in sham muscles. Den increased total proteolysis (~40%) in muscle, which was accompanied by an increase in the activities of ubiquitin-proteasome (~3-fold) and lysosomal (100%) proteolytic systems. Rsv reduced total proteolysis (59%) in Den muscles by inhibiting the hyperactivation of ubiquitin-proteasome (50%) and lysosomal (~70%) systems. Neither Rsv nor Den altered calcium-dependent proteolysis in muscles. Mechanistically, Rsv stimulated PKA/CREB signaling in Den muscles, and PKA blockage by H89 (50μM) abolished the antiproteolytic action of the polyphenol. Rsv reduced FoxO4 phosphorylation (~60%) in both Sham and Den muscles and Akt phosphorylation (36%) in Den muscles. Rsv also caused a homeostatic effect in Den muscles by returning their protein synthesis rates to levels similar to Sham muscles. These data indicate that Rsv directly inhibits the proteolytic activity of lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasome systems, mainly in Den muscles through, at least in part, the activation of PKA/CREB signaling. (Rsv situations unclear shamoperated operated (sham-operated 3day day 3 (Den 104 10 4 (10- M 40% 40 (40% ~40% (~40% ubiquitinproteasome ubiquitin proteasome ~3fold 3fold fold ~3 (~3-fold 100% 100 (100% systems 59% 59 (59% 50% 50 (50% ~70% 70 (~70% calciumdependent calcium dependent Mechanistically PKACREB CREB H H8 50μM μM (50μM FoxO ~60% 60 (~60% 36% 36 (36% through part 1 (10 (40 ~40 (~40 ~ (100 5 (59 (50 ~70 7 (~70 ~60 6 (~60 (36 (1 (4 ~4 (~4 (5 ~7 (~7 ~6 (~6 (3 ( (~

Abstract Reintroducing apprehended wild animal in a natural environment is a complex process that involves many steps, including rehabilitating individuals and ensuring viable populations for reproduction; as such, the proportion between males and females to be reintroduced need to be considered carefully. The need of specialized techniques to identify sex on species that do not present discernible sexual dimorphisms can be a hardship to a successful reintroduction. Amazona aestiva, one of the most apprehended species on Brazil, is an example of such case, as sexing techniques employed for it often involves molecular or surgical procedures. Some authors, however, describe potential sexual dimorphisms that could be discernible to the human eye, one of those being an iris color dichromatism between males and females that could present a more conventional way to discern sex on this species. We analyzed the viability of sex identification by direct observation of iris sexual dichromatism, comparing suggestions by professionals familiarized with the species to molecular sexing by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and measuring color similarity between individuals using digital colorimetry. We found no significant correspondence between sex indication based on direct observation and molecular sexing results, and no relationship between iris color and sex by colorimetric analysis.

Objectives: To estimate the current prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the diagnosis rate of this disorder ascertained by psychiatrists in training. Methods: We interviewed 200 adults under treatment in a university mental health outpatient clinic. The PTSD diagnoses obtained using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV) were compared with the patients’ medical records. Results: Forty-one patients (20.5%) were diagnosed with current PTSD, but only one of them (2.4%) had previously received this diagnosis. This study confirms that although PTSD is highly prevalent among mental health outpatients, it is remarkably underdiagnosed in teaching hospitals. Conclusions: These findings suggest that psychiatrists in training may be failing to investigate traumatic events and their consequences and strongly indicate that trauma-related issues should be given more prominence in psychiatry curricula and psychiatrist training.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de plantas daninhas em arroz irrigado por inundação, em função do sistema de plantio e do manejo de herbicidas na safra anterior. O experimento foi instalado em campo, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, com oito repetições. O fator A foi o sistema de cultivo, sendo sistema convencional, cultivo mínimo ou plantio direto, associados à aplicação (manejo tradicional) ou não (sistema semiecológico) de herbicidas (Fator B). Um ano após o cultivo do arroz, precedendo o novo plantio, foram efetuadas as avaliações fitossociológicas das comunidades infestantes. Foram avaliadas a infestação geral e a composição de espécies infestantes nos tratamentos, que foram classificadas pela sua densidade, frequência e dominância relativas de ocorrência. Foram ainda estimados os coeficientes de diversidade de Simpson e Shannon Weiner, bem como a sustentabilidade de Shannon; os tratamentos foram agrupados pela similaridade de ocorrência das espécies infestantes. Os sistemas de cultivo de arroz (tradicional ou semiecológico) promovem diferenças marcantes na ocorrência de plantas daninhas. O controle com base em herbicidas seleciona plantas companheiras específicas, mas a rotação de culturas ou coberturas de inverno não parece ser condição sine qua non para o sucesso desses sistemas, desde que o programa de manejo herbicida seja adequado. Para o sistema semiecológico, a rotação de culturas e espessa camada vegetal de cobertura de inverno, bem como sua associação com o pastejo animal, parecem essenciais para o manejo de plantas daninhas no curto, médio e longo prazos.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of weeds in flooded rice areas, as a function of planting system and herbicide programmes in the previous cropping year. The experiment was installed in field conditions, in randomized complete blocks design, arranged in factorial scheme 3 x 2, with eight replications. In factor A, treatments consisted on conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no till cropping systems, coupled to the application (traditional control) or not (semi-ecological system) of herbicides (Factor B). One year after rice cultivation, preceding the planting of the next cropping season, phytosociological evaluations of the weed communities present in the treatments were carried out. We assessed the overall infestation level and weed species composition, which were classified by their respective density, frequency and dominance abilities. We also estimated the diversity coefficients of Simpson and Shannon Weiner, and the sustainability coefficient of Shannon; treatments were also grouped by similarity in weed species composition. Rice growing systems (traditional or semi-ecological) promote remarkable differences in weed occurrence. Herbicide-based crops select specific companion weed species, but crop rotation or winter cover crops are not a sine qua non condition for success since a good herbicide programme is planned. For the Semi ecological system, crop rotation, thick winter soil mulching and association with animal presence and grazing are essential for the short, medium and long-term inhibition of weeds.

We investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion combined with a 2-wk sprint interval training (SIT) on training-induced reductions in body adiposity. Twenty physically-active men ingested either 5 mg/kg of cellulose as a placebo (PLA, n=10) or 5 mg/kg of caffeine (CAF, n=10) 60 min before each SIT session (13×30 s sprint/15 s of rest). Body mass and skinfold thickness were measured pre- and post-training. Energy expenditure was measured at rest, during exercise, and 45 min after exercise in the first SIT session. Body fat was similar between PLA and CAF groups at pre-training (P>0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in body fat after training in the CAF group (−5.9±4.2%, P<0.05) but not in PLA (1.5±8.0%, P>0.05). There was no difference in energy expenditure at rest and during exercise between PLA and CAF groups (P>0.05), but the post-exercise energy expenditure was 18.3±21.4% greater in the CAF than in the PLA group (P<0.05). In conclusion, caffeine ingestion before SIT sessions induced a body fat loss that may be associated with higher post-exercise energy expenditure.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a protocol of aquatic exercises in postural control of elderly subjects with overweight and the influence of body mass and body mass index in variables of the center of pressure. Method: Each participant was positioned on the force platform, without shoes, feet apart on the same alignment of the upper limbs along the body. For the collection, the subjects were instructed to stay on in bipedal support on the force platform with eyes fixed on the bright spot for 60 s. Results: Results indicated a notable difference in the variables root mean square-mediolateral and COP area after aquatic exercise practice. However, visual condition analyzed indicates significant differences in the variables root mean square-anteroposterior and speed anteroposterior. Conclusion: Aquatic exercise had positive effects when analyzing the sensory condition suggesting maintenance of postural control. However, when analyzed post aquatic exercise in closed eyes condition and the interaction effects of visual condition did not improve postural stability. In obese elderly, body mass index resulted in a functional adaptation in control of upright stance, suggesting that the balance was preserved in the population studied.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do protocolo de exercícios aquáticos no controle postural de idosos com excesso de peso, e a influência de variáveis de massa corporal e índice de massa corporal no centro de pressão. Método: Cada participante foi posicionado sobre a plataforma de força, sem sapatos, pés alinhados, braços ao longo do corpo. Durante a coleta, os indivíduos foram orientados a permanecer sobre a plataforma de força, com os olhos fixos no ponto brilhante durante 60 segundos. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram uma diferença significativa nas variáveis: área do centro de pressão e média quadrática-mediolateral, após a prática de exercício aquático. No entanto, a análise da condição visual sugere diferenças significativas nas variáveis: média quadrática anteroposterior e velocidade anteroposterior. Conclusão: Os exercícios aquáticos tiveram efeitos positivos sobre a análise sugerido pela condição da manutenção do controle postural. No entanto, quando analisados em condição de olho fechado após o exercício aquático e os efeitos da interação da condição visual, não melhoram a estabilidade postural. Em obesos idosos, o índice de massa corporal resultou numa adaptação funcional para controlar a posição vertical, o que sugere que o equilíbrio foi mantido na população estudada.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de un protocolo de ejercicios acuáticos en el control postural de sujetos de edad avanzada con exceso de peso y la influencia de masa corporal y el índice de masa corporal en las variables del centro de presiones. Método: Cada participante se posicionó en la plataforma de fuerza sin zapatos, los pies separados con la misma alineación de las extremidades superiores a lo largo del cuerpo. Para el análisis, los sujetos fueron instruidos para permanecer en apoyo bípedo sobre la plataforma de fuerza con los ojos fijos en un punto brillante durante 60 segundos. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron una diferencia notable en las variables: Media Cuadrática-Mediolateral y el Área descrita por el desplazamiento del centro de presiones, después de la práctica de ejercicio acuático. Sin embargo, la condición visual analizada indica diferencias significativas en las variables: Media Cuadrática Anteroposterior y Velocidad Anteroposterior. Conclusión: El ejercicio acuático tuvo efectos positivos en el análisis de la condición sensorial sugiriendo el mantenimiento del control postural. Sin embargo, cuando se analizan la condición de ojo cerrado tras el ejercicio acuático y los efectos de la interacción de la condición visual no mejoró la estabilidad postural. En obesos de edad avanzada, el índice de masa corporal resultó en una adaptación funcional en el control de la postura vertical, lo que sugiere que el equilibrio se conservó en la población estudiada.

Bacterial infections occur worldwide and are a major public health problem. Among pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus is the main causative agent of bacterial diseases in the world. This study aimed to evaluate which components of the immune system could act protectively against a S. aureus infection in intradermally immunized mice. C57BL/6 and A/j mice were immunized intradermally with S. aureus inactivated by heat and then challenged with viable strains in an air pouch model. At 6, 12, and 24 h after the challenge, euthanasia was performed, and the cellular profile of the inflammatory infiltrate, cytokines, and the bacterial load were evaluated in the air pouch lavages. Immunized mice demonstrated that the intradermal immunization with S. aureus promoted protection in C57BL/6 mice by reducing the bacterial, which was correlated with increased serum concentration of IgG antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a) against S. aureus. The increase in IgG2a antibody levels was correlated with a decrease of bacterial load in intradermally immunized C57BL/6 mice, along with production of IL-17A at the inflammation site, as well as IgG1consumption. Similar results were not found in the A/j lineage. In conclusion, a vaccine against S. aureus should focus more on the individual characteristics of the host because it is a determinant factor for the success of the immunization.

O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de glicina+serina (gli+ser) total em dietas de baixa proteína bruta (PB) sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte de um a 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 750 aves, distribuídas em cinco tratamentos, cinco repetições e 30 aves por unidade experimental. As dietas utilizadas continham 190g/kg de PB e níveis de gli+ser de 16,7; 19,2; 21,7 e 24,2g/kg; a dieta controle continha 230g/kg de PB. Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos níveis de glicina+serina sobre o desempenho e composição de carcaça. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e os resultados obtidos com as dietas de baixos níveis proteicos com diferentes níveis de gli+ser foram comparados à dieta controle pelo teste de Dunnett. Os níveis de gli+ser apresentaram efeito linear sobre a conversão alimentar, ganho de peso e peso aos 21 dias, sendo o nível de 24,2g/kg de gli+ser com resultado semelhante à dieta controle. A redução proteica aumentou o conteúdo de extrato etéreo na carcaça.

A completely randomized experimental design was carried out to evaluate the effects of total gly+ser levels in low crude protein diets on performance and body composition of male broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Seven hundred and fifty broiler chickens were used in each one of the production phases. The birds were randomly allotted to five treatments and five replicates. The diets contained 190g/kg crude protein (CP) and total gly+ser levels of 16.7; 19.2; 21.7 and 24.2g/kg; and a control diet with 230 g/kg CP. The effect of glycine+serine levels on performance and body composition was evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the results obtained with the diets of low crude protein levels with different levels of Gly + Ser were compared to the control diet by Dunnett's test. The gly+ser levels improved the feed linearly: weight gain ratio; weight gain and final weight. The broilers fed 24.2g/kg gly+ser diet showed a performance similar to broilers fed control diets. The carcass fat increased with CP reduction.

Um cobaio foi atendido com claudicação de membro pélvico esquerdo após trauma desconhecido. Radiografias revelaram fratura completa oblíqua da diáfise do terço distal da tíbia e fíbula esquerdas. O cobaio foi tratado cirurgicamente com um pino intramedular. No dia seguinte à cirurgia, o paciente utilizava o membro confortavelmente (grau 1/5 de claudicação). Calo ósseo foi obtido 21 dias após a cirurgia, sem complicações.

A guinea pig was presented with left pelvic limb lameness after unknown trauma. Radiographs revealed complete oblique diaphyseal fracture of the distal third of the left tibia and fibula. The guinea pig was treated surgically with an intramedullary pin. The day after surgery the guinea pig was using the limb comfortably (grade 1/5 lameness). Callus formation was obtained 21 days after surgery without complications.

Hoodia gordonii is a plant species used traditionally in southern Africa to suppress appetite. Recently, it has been associated with a significant increase in blood pressure and pulse rate in women, suggesting sympathomimetic activity. The present study investigated the possible antidepressant-like effects of acute and repeated (15 days) administration of H. gordonii extract (25 and 50 mg/kg, po) to mice exposed to a forced swimming test (FST). Neurochemical analysis of brain monoamines was also carried out to determine the involvement of the monoaminergic system on these effects. Acute administration of H. gordonii decreased the immobility of mice in the FST without accompanying changes in general activity in the open-field test during acute treatment, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. The anti-immobility effect of H. gordonii was prevented by pretreatment of mice with PCPA [an inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis], NAN-190 (a 5-HT1A antagonist), ritanserin (a 5-HT2A/2C antagonist), ondansetron (a 5-HT3A antagonist), prazosin (an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist), SCH23390 (a D1 receptor antagonist), yohimbine (an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist), and sulpiride (a D2 receptor antagonist). A significant increase in 5-HT levels in the striatum was detected after acute administration, while 5-HT, norepinephrine and dopamine were significantly elevated after chronic treatment. Results indicated that H. gordonii possesses antidepressant-like activity in the FST by altering the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems.

O presente trabalho relata o isolamento de Salmonella enterica em órgãos de um pombo doméstico de vida livre. No exame clínico foi observada a presença de fezes pericloacal na região ventral, caquexia, incoordenação motora e opistótono. Antes de iniciar um protocolo terapêutico, a ave foi a óbito, e, em seguida, foi realizada uma necropsia para remoção do baço, fígado, rim e intestino para exame bacteriológico e teste de sensibilidade a antibióticos. Foi isolado Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (O:4,5:i-) e Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Typhimurium do fígado e intestino, e o teste de sensibilidade demonstrou que essas cepas são sensíveis a vários antimicrobianos.

The present study reports the isolation of Salmonellaenterica in organs of free-living domestic pigeons. In the clinic examination, the presence of feces in the peri-cloacal and abdominal regions were observed, as well as symptoms such as cachexy, incoordination and opisthotonos. Before any therapeutic protocol was applied the bird died and a necropsy was then performed for the removal of spleen, liver, kidney and intestine for bacteriological examination and antibiotic sensitivity test. Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica (O:4,5:i-) and Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium were isolated from the liver and intestine and the sensitivity test demonstrated that these strains are sensitive to several antibiotics.