RESUMO No setor de produção de sementes, é imprescindível o uso de equipamentos rápidos e práticos que auxiliem nos processos de tomada de decisão. Assim, o uso de sensores que podem capturar informações para auxiliar na agricultura tem contribuído significativamente para o cultivo da soja em todo o mundo, sendo utilizado em diversas etapas, seja em pré ou pós-colheita. Objetivou-se desenvolver um protótipo de um etilômetro com sensor MQ-3 e avaliar seu tempo de estabilização quando utilizado em lotes de sementes de soja submetidos à hipóxia. A pesquisa foi realizada com 10 lotes de sementes de soja, oriundas de cinco cultivares (NS 8383 RR, SOY Peso RR, M 8372 IPRO, M8644 IPRO e M8808 IPRO), a qual foi dividida em duas etapas, a primeira correspondendo ao desenvolvimento do equipamento de aferição do etanol com o sensor MQ-3 e a segunda relacionada ao tempo de estabilização do sensor (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 e 30 s) em sementes de soja submetidas ao processo de anaerobiose. O equipamento, bem como o sensor MQ-3 apresentaram estabilidade de aferição média aos 16 s após seu acionamento, sendo recomendado esse tempo para o uso do etilômetro em sementes de soja. Por meio desse mesmo sensor MQ-3, é possível, com eficiência, a detecção de etanol presente no ar liberado por sementes de soja durante o processo de anaerobiose.

ABSTRACT In the seed production sector, it is essential to use fast and practical equipment to help decision-making processes. Thus, the use of sensors that can capture information to assist in agriculture has contributed significantly to soybean cultivation worldwide, being used in several stages, whether pre-harvest or post-harvest. Thus, this study aimed to develop a prototype of ethylometer with an MQ-3 sensor and to evaluate its stabilization time when used in soybean seed lots submitted to hypoxia. The research was carried out with 10 lots of soybean seeds from five cultivars (NS 8383 RR, SOY Peso RR, M 8372 IPRO, M8644 IPRO and M8808 IPRO) and was divided into two stages. The first one corresponds to the development of the ethanol measuring equipment with an MQ-3 sensor, and the second one to measurement of the sensor’s stabilization time (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 s) in soybean seeds submitted to anaerobiosis. The equipment and the MQ-3 sensor showed the stability of average measurement at 16 s after activation. This time is recommended for use of the ethylometer in soybean seeds. Through the MQ-3 sensor, it is possible to efficiently detect ethanol present in the air released by soy seeds during the anaerobic process.

Abstract: COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world in an unprecedented outbreak with a massive number of infected and fatalities. The pandemic was heavily discussed and searched on the internet, which generated big amounts of data related to it. This led to the possibility of attempting to forecast coronavirus indicators using the internet data. For this study, Google Trends statistics for 124 selected search terms related to pandemic were used in an attempt to find which keywords had the best Spearman correlations with a lag, as well as a forecasting model. It was found that keywords related to coronavirus testing among some others, such as “I have contracted covid”, had high correlations (≥0.7) with few weeks of lag (≤4 weeks). Besides that, the ARIMAX model using those keywords had promising results in predicting the increase or decrease of epidemiological indicators, although it was not able to predict their exact values. Thus, we found that Google Trends data may be useful for predicting outbreaks of coronavirus a few weeks before they happen, and may be used as an auxiliary tool in monitoring and forecasting the disease in Brazil.

Resumo Cepas patogênicas de Escherichia coli podem invadir o tecido subcutâneo das aves e provocar celulite aviária e este patógeno pode provocar lesões nos órgãos internos, como o fígado. Desta forma, objetivou-se correlacionar a presença de Escherichia coli e os genes de virulência característicos de Escherichia coli Patogênica para Aves (APEC) nas lesões de celulite e nos fígados dos frangos. Entre agosto de 2013 a janeiro de 2014, foram retiradas 100 carcaças da linha de produção por apresentarem lesões de celulite em um matadouro avícola da Bahia (Brasil). Foram coletadas amostras de celulite e fígados de frango assepticamente para quantificação de E. coli pelo método rápido de contagem Petrifilm™ (3M Company) (AOAC 998.8). Em seguida foi realizada a pesquisa dos genes de virulência iss e iutA nos isolados de E. coli utilizando a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Escherichia coli foi isolada em 82,00% das aves retiradas da linha de produção e a bactéria foi detectada concomitantemente nas lesões de celulite e fígado em 40,00% das aves. As contagens de E. coli variaram de 1,00 a 4,73 log UFC/g nos fígados e de 2,00 a 9,00 log UFC/g nas lesões de celulite. Os genes de virulência iutA e iss foram encontrados em 97,56% e 89,02% dos isolados de E. coli, respectivamente. A análise genotípica revelou a amplificação concomitante dos genes iutA e iss em 60,00% (n=40) das amostras de lesões de celulite e fígado nas quais houve o isolamento simultâneo de E. coli. Foi observada correlação positiva e significativa (r=0,22; p<0,05) entre as variáveis ocorrência de E. coli isolada das amostras dos fígados e ocorrência E. coli isolada das lesões de celulite e, nos casos em que foi detectada a ocorrência de E. coli isolada em fígado e lesões de celulite, correlações positivas e significativas também foram evidenciadas entre as populações de E. coli dos isolados dos fígados e das lesões de celulite, (r=0,46; p<0,05). Assim ficou evidenciada a relação entre E. coli presente nas lesões de celulite e no fígado e uma possível infecção sistêmica, desta forma, sugere-se que a presença de lesões de celulite seja utilizada como critério para o descarte total da carcaça.

Abstract Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli may invade the subcutaneous tissue of poultry and cause cellulitis, whilst the pathogen may also cause lesions in internal organs such as the liver. Current paper co-relates Escherichia coli and virulence genes characteristic of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in broilers´ cellulitis and liver lesions. One hundred carcasses were retrieved from the production chain in an avian abattoir in the state of Bahia, Brazil, between August 2013 and January 2014, due to detection of cellulitis lesions. Cellulitis and liver samples were retrieved aseptically to quantify E. coli by Petrifilm™ count fast method (3M Company) (AOAC 998.8). Virulent genes iss and iutA were removed from E. coli isolates by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli was isolated from 82.0% of broilers removed from the production chain and the bacterium was concomitantly detected in cellulitis and liver lesions in 40.0% of broilers. E. coli counts ranged between 1.00 and 4.73 log CFU/g in liver lesions and between 2.00 and 9.00 log UFC/g in cellulitis lesions. Virulent genes iutA and iss were detected in 97.56% and 89.02% of E. coli isolates, respectively. Genotype analysis demonstrated the concomitant amplification of genes iutA and iss in 60.0% (n=40) of samples of cellulitis and liver lesions in which the simultaneous isolation of E. coli occurred. There was a positive and significant co-relationship (r=0.22; p<0.05) between the variables occurrence of E. coli isolated from liver samples and the occurrence of E. coli isolated from cellulitis lesions. There were also positive and significant co-relationships between populations of E. coli from liver isolates and cellulitis lesions (r=0.46; p<0.05) when E. coli isolated in the liver and in cellulitis lesions was detected. Since results showed a relationship between E. coli in cellulitis and liver lesions and possible systemic infection, the occurrence of cellulitis lesions as a criterion for total discarding of carcass may be suggested.

Abstract In order to evaluate the impact of oil palm cultivation on dung beetles in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, comparisons were made of communities in oil palm plantations and native forest. Pitfall traps baited with human feces were buried to soil level in plantations and surrounding forests. Fifty traps were used in each type of vegetation, placed at 50 m intervals along five transects. Dung beetle communities in oil palm plantations have lower species richness (18 spp.) than in surrounding tropical rainforest (48 spp.), as well as altered species composition. Total abundance of individuals was not significantly different between the two habitats, but species composition was greatly different. Species evenness was greater in the forest. Forest corridors for the preservation of dung beetle species may need to be much wider than current designs. The erosion of biodiversity in dung beetles due to oil palm monoculture parallels what has been seen in other animal taxa in tropical tree plantations.

RESUMO Uma das possíveis alternativas para potencializar a utilização de recursos hídricos é a utilização de polímeros hidrorretentores. Objetivou-se avaliar como níveis de irrigação e doses de solução hidrorretentora interferem na produção da alface crespa, cultivar Vanda. O experimento foi realizado de dezembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, sob canteiros em ambiente protegido na área experimental do Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO (17º 29’ 10” S de latitude, 48º 12’ 38” O de longitude e 697 m de altitude). Testaram-se quatro níveis de irrigação (50, 75, 100 e 125%) da evaporação obtida diariamente pelo micrômetro de gancho e cinco doses de solução de hidrogel (0, 50, 100 e 200 g planta-1). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso e esquema de parcelas subdivididas e quatro blocos. Foram avaliadas massa fresca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea, altura de plantas, número de folhas e produtividade. Verificou-se incremento de 29,24% da massa seca da parte aérea comparando as doses de solução hidrorretentora de 0 e 169,28 g e acréscimo de 14,36% da altura de plantas quando comparados os níveis de irrigação de 50 e 125%. O uso de solução hidrorretentora proporciona aumento significativo em todos os parâmetros produtivos avaliados. Os níveis de irrigação utilizados influenciam as variáveis massa fresca da parte aérea, altura de planta e produtividade. A produtividade aumentou 18,42% para os níveis de irrigação utilizados, e os maiores valores estimados foram com a dose de solução hidrorretentora de 157,49 g (14,46 t ha-1).

ABSTRACT One of the potential alternatives to improve the use of water resources is the use of hydro retainer polymer applied to the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate how irrigation levels and doses of hydro retainer polymer interfere in the production of ’Vanda’ lettuce. The experiment was carried out from December 2017 to January 2018 under protected environment in the Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí Campus, Goiás State, GO, Brazil (17º 29’ 10” S of latitude, 48º 12’ 38” W of longitude and 697 m of altitude). The work tested four irrigation levels of 50, 75, 100 and 125% of the evaporation obtained daily by the hook micrometer and five doses of hydrogel polymer (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g plant-1). The experimental design was a randomized block design in a scheme of split-plot and four blocks. Canopy fresh and dry mass, plant height, number of leaves and productivity were evaluated. There was 29.24% increase in the dry mass comparing the hydro retainer polymer doses of 0 and 169.28 g and an increase of 14.36% of the height of plants when compared with the irrigation levels of 50 and 125%. The use of a hydro retainer polymer provided a significant increase in all the evaluated productive variables. The irrigation levels influence the fresh mass from aerial part, plant height and productivity. The productivity increased 18.42% for the irrigation levels used and the highest estimated values were presented in the dose of 157.49 g (14.46 t ha-1) hydro retainer polymer.

Unexpectedly high uranium concentrations, up to 930 µg L-1, approximately thirty times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidance level, were observed in groundwater samples from the mountainous region near Rio de Janeiro City, the so-called “Região Serrana”, approximately 60 km from the city. This region is characterized by a large number of tourist activities and water-related industries, such as mineral water and breweries that can be impacted by these findings. In addition, the water supplies in small communities of this region are partially or entirely based on groundwater sources. Uranium contamination was observed in 7 of the 16 counties in this region. Based on these data, this study concluded that the probability of obtaining uranium-contaminated groundwater is high in some specific areas of this region. In addition, high 222Rn concentrations were verified, with levels reaching 1570 Bq L-1. Furthermore, a maximum level of 4.6 Bq L-1 210Pb was also measured, which has a WHO guidance level of 0.1 Bq L-1. Based on the present findings, it is suggested that any artesian well deeper than 80 m in this region should be tested for uranium and 222Rn.

This study aimed to optimize the acid hydrolysis of glycosylated flavonols, to apply the optimum conditions for hydrolyzing Inga edulis extract (IEE), rich in glycosylated flavonols, and evaluating its impact on the antioxidant capacity. To evaluate the influence of three independent variables on the aglycone obtained after the reaction, the response surface methodology was applied using myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (M3R) as a pure compound. The phenolic compound profile and antioxidant capacity were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, respectively. The maximum content of the aglycone myricetin (81.15%) occurred with 2.5 M HCl at 75 ºC for 60 min. Under these conditions, the IEE produced the aglycones myricetin, quercetin and cyanidin. The TEAC values of the M3R samples and IEE before and after acid hydrolysis did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the hydrolytic process is effective to produce aglycone flavonoids from leaf extracts of I. edulis, and probably for other plant extracts rich in M3R.

RESUMO Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar a influência da heterogeneidade espacial dos fatores abióticos sobre os padrões espaciais da estrutura da vegetação do componente lenhoso e sua regeneração em uma área de caatinga, no sertão de Pernambuco. O estudo foi realizado em uma área de caatinga localizada no Parque Estadual da Mata da Pimenteira, município de Serra Talhada, Pernambuco. A amostragem foi dividida em dois ambientes, um próximo ao curso d'água com vegetação mais densa (I) e outro a 100 m do curso d'água com vegetação mais aberta (II). Em cada ambiente foram instaladas quatro parcelas permanentes de 20 × 50 m subdivididas em 10 parcelas de 10 × 10 m, nas quais foram medidos os indivíduos vivos com diâmetro do caule ao nível do solo (DNS) ≥ 3 cm e altura total ≥ 1 m. Em um dos vértices de cada parcela foi plotada uma subparcela de 2 × 2 m para medir a altura e o diâmetro dos indivíduos das espécies amostradas no componente lenhoso com DNS entre 0,5 e 2,9 cm (regeneração). Foram calculados os descritores fitossociológicos gerais da comunidade dos diferentes ambientes e avaliada a distribuição de indivíduos em histogramas, tanto do componente lenhoso como para a regeneração. Após verificação da normalidade pelo teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, os valores dos descritores fitossociológicos por parcela foram comparados entre os ambientes. Nos dados com distribuição normal, foi empregada a análise de variância (ANOVA) de um critério. Dados sem distribuição normal foram analisados pelo teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Os ambientes apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto ao número de indivíduos (4047,5 versus 3332,5 ind.ha-1) e área basal (23,6 versus 17,6 m2. ha-1), com valores significativamente superiores no ambiente I, padrão oposto ao da regeneração em que o número de indivíduos e a área basal foram maiores no ambiente II (9187,5 versus 10937,5 ind.ha-1) e (1,9 versus 2,5 m2. ha-1), respectivamente. No total foram amostradas 50 espécies (incluindo o componente arbóreo e regenerante), havendo diferenças significativas em termos de diversidade entre os ambientes nos diferentes estratos, embora a similaridade seja superior a 80%. A maioria das variáveis químicas e texturais dos solos não diferiram estatisticamente, com exceção dos teores de Al3+ que apresentou teores superiores no ambiente I. Das demais variáveis edáficas, apenas a pedregosidade diferiu entre os ambientes I e II (3,87 versus 1,47%). A distinção fisionômica da vegetação entre os ambientes é resultado da presença de populações com indivíduos de maiores alturas e diâmetros no ambiente I. A heterogeneidade espacial das variáveis ambientais encontrada nos ambientes estudados, explicou parte das variações das características florístico-estrutural da vegetação.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the influence of spatial heterogeneity of abiotic factors on the spatial patterns of vegetation structure of the woody component and of its regeneration; it was carried out in an area of "caatinga" located in the Parque Estadual Mata of Pimenteira, municipality of "Serra Talhada", interior of Pernambuco State, Brazil. The sample was divided into two environments, one near the watercourse with denser vegetation (I) and another at 100 meters away from the watercourse with more open vegetation (II). In each environment, four permanent plots of 20×50 m were installed and divided into ten plots of 10×10 m; alive individuals with stem ground level diameter (GD) of ≥3 cm and total height of ≥1 m were measured. In one corner of each plot, a sub-plot of 2×2 m was allocated to measure the individuals' height and diameter of the sampled species in woody component with GD from 0.5 to 2.9 cm (regeneration). Community's general phytosociological descriptors of the different environments were calculated and the individuals' distribution in histograms was evaluated for the woody component as for regeneration. After testing for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, values of phytosociological descriptors per plot were compared between the environments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of a criterion was used for data with normal distribution. Data without normal distribution were analyzed by non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Environments showed significant differences in the number of individuals (4047.5 versus 3332.5 ind.ha-1) and basal area (23.6 versus 17.6 m2. ha-1) with significantly higher values in environment I; this pattern was opposite to the regenerating pattern in which the number of individuals and basal area were higher in the environment II (9187.5 vs. 10937.5 ind.ha-1 and 1.9 vs. 2.5 m2.ha-1, respectively). In total, fifty species, including woody and regenerating component, were sampled; significant differences in diversity were found between environments in the different strata, although the similarity was more than 80%. Most chemical and textural soil variables did not differ statistically, except for levels of Al3+, which showed higher levels in the environment I. Among other edaphic variables, only the stony variables differed between environments I and II (3.87 versus 1.47%). The vegetation physiognomic distinction between the environments is result from populations' presence of individuals with greater heights and diameters in the environment I. The spatial heterogeneity of environmental variables found in the studied environments explained part of changes in floristic and structural characteristics of the vegetation.

Testicular and epididymal appendages are embryologic remnants of the mesonephric duct and paramesonephric, respectively. These appendices are subject to a torsion causing condition known as acute scrotal syndrome. This study aimed to determine the variations of testicular and epididymal appendices, registering its presence and size. We studied 30 cadavers of adult individuals, Brazilians, aged 18 and 70, fixed in formaldehyde 40%, provided by the Laboratory of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Brazil. By dissecting these, the presence of the respective appendixes were identified, which were measured with a manual caliper (Metrica), recording its length and width. The testicular appendices were observed in 41 testes (68.3%) and epididymal appendices in 15 cases (25%). The average length was 4.9 mm (SD=1.7) for the appendix testis and epididymis to 5.2 mm (SD=2.4). With respect to the width of the appendices, the average recorded were 3.2 mm (SD=1.7) and 2.6 mm (SD=0.9) for testicular and epididymal, respectively. The data obtained can be used as morphological support in urological clinical and testicular surgery.

Los apéndices testiculares y epididimarios son remanescentes embriológicos del conducto paramesonéfrico y del conducto mesonéfrico, respectivamente. Estos apéndices pueden sufrir torsión causando un cuadro conocido como escroto agudo. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar las variaciones de los apéndices testicular y epididimario, registrando su forma y tamaño. Se utilizaron 30 cadáveres de indivíduos adultos, Brasileños, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 70 años, fijados en formaldehído 40%, facilitados por el Laboratorio de Anatomía Descriptiva y Topográfica de la Universidad Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Brasil. A través de disección se identificó la presencia de los respectivos apéndices, los que fueron medidos con un caliper manual (MetricaR), registrando su longitud y anchura. Los apéndices testiculares fueron observados en 41 testículos (68,3%) y los apéndices epididimarios en 15 casos (25%). El promedio de la longitud fue de 4,9 mm (DE=1,7) para el apéndice testicular y de 5,2 mm (DE=2,4) para el epididimario. Con respecto a la anchura de los apéndices, el promedio registrado fue de 3,2 mm (DE=1,7) para el testicular y de 2,6 mm (DE=0,9) para el epididimario. Los datos obtenidos puede ser utlizados como soporte morfológico a la clínica urológica y cirugía testicular.

A dupla perovsquita Ca2MnReO6 na forma policristalina foi preparada utilizando o método do tubo de quartzo encapsulado. A pressão parcial de oxigênio dentro do tubo de quartzo mostrou-se ser um parâmetro crucial para a produção de uma amostra estrutural monofásica. Esse parâmetro foi controlado usando a relação entre o conteúdo dos precursores ReO2 e ReO3 e o parâmetro fator de preenchimento (razão entre a massa e o volume interno total do tubo de quartzo).A morfologia e a composição química foi investigada através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios X . Os parâmetros de estrutura cristalina foram determinados através da análise do padrão de difração tomado com luz síncrotron de alta resolução. Finalmente, os parâmetros cristalinos foram comparados com os resultados oriundos dos cálculos de Bond-Valence Method oriundos do programa SPuDS. Como resumo, a análise indicou que a amostra é um composto monofásico com uma estrutura cristalina monoclínica (grupo espacial P21/c) com a=5,44445(2) Å; b=5,63957(3) Å; c=7,77524(3) Å; and β = 90,18(1)º.

The Ca2Mn1Re1O6 double perovskite has been prepared in polycrystalline form by using the encapsulated quartz tube method. The partial oxygen pressure inside the quartz tube revealed this to be a crucial synthesis parameter for the production of a single structural phase sample. This parameter was controlled using the ratio between ReO2 and ReO3 content and the filling factor parameter (ratio between mass and total inner volume of the quartz tube). The morphology and chemical composition was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The crystal structure parameters were determined by analysis of the synchrotron high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction pattern. The analysis indicates that the sample is an ideal single-phase compound with a monoclinic crystal structure (space group P2(1)/n) with a = 5.44445(2) Å; b = 5.63957(3) Å; c = 7.77524(3) Å; and β = 90.18(1)º. Computer simulations were performed considering two cation valence configurations, namely, (i) Mn2+Re6+ or (ii) Mn3+Re5+, for the Ca2Mn1Re1O6 compound. XANES analysis measurements indicated +2.3 for the average valence of Mn (a mixture of Mn2+ and Mn3+) and +5.7 for the effective valence of Re (an intermediate valence between Re4+ (ReO2) and Re6+ (ReO3)). As a summary, we concluded there is a mixed valence configuration for Mn and Re in Ca2Mn1Re1O6 , taken into account the oxygen content of 6.0±0.1.

The purpose of this work was to study the morphology and morphometry of the mental foramen (MF), as well as to evaluate its morphological configuration; in addition to taking measures of its localization using as a parameter the distances of the foramen to the inferior border of the mandible and at the alveolar ridge. 80 dry mandibles were analyzed using the test of Qui-square and T test, with 5% of significance. Its average distance, on the right side, at the inferior edge of the mandible (IEM) was of 12.96(±1 .57) mm and of the alveolar ridge (AR) was of 12.82(±3.4) mm. On the left side it was found distant of IEM 12.96(±1.32) mm and of the AR 12.82(± 3.22)mm. The largest horizontal diameter found was of 3.32 (± 0.91) mm to the right and 3.25 (± 0.86) mm to the left side while the largest vertical diameter was of 2.38 (± 0.63) mm on the right and of 2.39 (± 0.58) mm on the left side. It was predominantly found in the oval form, on the right side, of which 98.3% presented as a larger diameter the horizontal (type I). On the left side, all the oval foramens were classified as of type I. 76 (95%) appeared single on both sides. As to the localization related to the mandibular dentition, it was localized in similar statistic proportions between the 1st and 2nd premolars and above the 2nd premolar, in 45.17% of the mandibles, on the right side. On the left side it was predominantly found between the 1st and 2nd premolars 48.48% of the mandibles. The study of the MF is of vital importance to the acupuncture practice, as well as to modern surgical procedures, like anesthesia, requiring a detailed and precise study of the morphology and morphometry of the area.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la morfología y morfometría del foramen mentoniano (FM), así como evaluar su configuración morfológica; tomar las medidas de su localization usando como parámetro la distancia del foramen hacia el borde inferior de la mandíbula y el reborde alveolar. 80 mandíbulas secas se analizaron mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y prueba t, con un 5% de significancia. Su distancia media, en el lado derecho, hasta el borde inferior de la mandíbula (BIM) fue de 12,96 (± 1,57) mm y del reborde alveolar (RA) fue de 12,82 (± 3,4) mm. En el lado izquierdo se encuentro una distancia del BIM de 12,96 (± 1,32) mm y del RA de 12,82 (± 3,22) mm. El mayor diámetro horizontal encontrado fue de 3,32 (± 0,91) mm a la derecha y 3,25 (± 0,86) mm a la izquierda, mientras que el mayor diámetro vertical fue de 2,38 (± 0,63) mm a la derecha y de 2,39 (± 0,58) mm en el lado izquierdo. Se encuentra principalmente en forma oval en el lado derecho, de los cuales 98,3% presenta un diámetro mayor horizontal (tipo I). En el lado izquierdo, todos los forámenes ovales fueron clasificados como de tipo I. 76 (95%) aparecieron solamente en ambos lados. En cuanto a la localization en relación con la dentición mandibular, fue localizado en la misma proporción estadística entre el 1er y 2d° premolar y por encima del 2ª premolar en el 45,17% de las mandíbulas en el lado derecho. En el lado izquierdo se encuentran principalmente entre los l ros y 2ros premolares en el 48,48% de las mandíbulas. El estudio del FM, es de vital importancia para la práctica de la acupuntura, así como para los modernos procedimientos quirúrgicos, como la anestesia, que requieren un estudio detallado y preciso de la morfología y morfometría de la zona.

Commercial exploitation of the Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) was virtually non-existent in Brazilian waters until 2000 when foreign trawlers initiated their operations on slope grounds as part of a government-induced chartering program. Since then, the species has been included among the targets of a developing slope trawl fishing off southeastern and southern Brazil. Biological samples were collected from commercial catches of 25 national and seven foreign (chartered) trawlers between 23°-33°S and 170-740 m depth. These samples represent two periods of the commercial exploitation of Illex argentinus in Brazil: 2001-2003, when both chartered and national trawlers operated simultaneously, and 2006-2007, when only national vessels continued to exploit I. argentinus along with other slope stocks. Catches contained immature and ma-turing squid throughout the year, as well as at least two distinct, fully mature, spawning groups: one composed of small-sized males and females present year-round on the shelf-break/ upper slope (< 400 m), and the other consisting of large squid present only in austral winter-spring in southern (26°-29°S ) and deep fishing grounds (400-700 m). The latter group has sustained the large winter catches reported since 2000 and the large sizes and concentrations of the specimens sparked the interest of the fishing industry as a potential target of the slope fishery. The reproductive attributes and temporal/ spatial distribution patterns of winter spawners support the hypothesis that relates this group to migrating concentrations of a north Patagonian shelf stock. If confirmed, the present data would underscore the need to consider multinational shared stock management strategies in the SW Atlantic.

La explotación comercial del calamar argentino (Illex argentinus) no existía en aguas brasilenas hasta el año 2000, cuando buques extranjeros iniciaron sus operaciones en el talud como parte de un programa gubernamental de arrendamiento. Desde entonces la especie forma parte de un conjunto de recursos que han motivado el desarrollo de una pesquería de arrastre en el talud del sur y sureste de Brasil. Se colectaron muestras biológicas de las capturas comerciales de 25 buques arrastreros nacionales y siete extranjeros entre los paralelos 23°-33°S y en profundidades de 170 a 740 m. Estas muestras representaron dos periodos de la explotación comercial de I. argentinus en Brasil: 2001-2003, cuando buques nacionales y extranjeros operaron simultáneamente, y 2006-2007 cuando sólo buques nacionales permanecieron explotando el calamar argentino en conjunto con otros recursos del talud. Las capturas estuvieron constituidas por calamares inmaduros y en-maduración a lo largo de todo el año, así como al menos dos grupos distintos de individuos maduros y desovantes: un grupo constituido por machos y hembras de pequeño tamaño que están presentes en todas las estaciones del año en el borde de la plataforma continental y talud superior (< 400 m), y otro grupo, constituido por calamares de gran tamaño, presente solamente durante el invierno-primavera australes en areas surenas (26°-29°S ) y profundidad (400-700 m). Este grupo ha sostenido las grandes capturas invernales reportadas desde 2000 y, dado su largo tamaño y concentración, ha justificado el interés de la industria pesquera como un potencial recurso para la pesca en el talud. Características reproductivas y patrones de distribución temporales/ espaciales de los desovantes de invierno corroboran la hipótesis que les relaciona a concentraciones migratorias de stock del norte de la plataforma Patagónica. Si se confirma esta hipótesis, estos datos resaltan la importancia de considerar estrategias de manejo dirigidas a stocks compartidos en el Atlántico SW.

O solo aluvial da Ilha de Assunção, localizada no Rio São Francisco, em Cabrobó (PE), tem sido intensamente cultivado com culturas anuais sob irrigação. O nível de produtividade atual não é satisfatório em razão do uso de práticas agrícolas inadequadas para a continuidade da atividade agrícola. Objetivou-se realizar um levantamento das propriedades químicas dos solos numa área de 1.131 ha, por meio da coleta de 1.053 amostras de solo, na profundidade de 0-30 cm. As amostras foram caracterizadas quimicamente e os dados analisados por técnicas estatísticas descritivas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram haver maior variabilidade para os teores de alumínio, potássio, fósforo e para a percentagem de saturação por sódio e menor variabilidade para pH, não havendo distribuição normal dos dados. As amostras de solo apresentaram, em sua maioria, baixos teores de alumínio, de matéria orgânica e de fósforo; valores de pH e CTC e teores de cálcio + magnésio e potássio adequados para a maioria das culturas e foram classificadas como normais em relação à percentagem de saturação por sódio.

The alluvial soil of the Assunção Island, in the São Francisco River, Cabrobó, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, has been intensively cultivated with annual crops under irrigation. The present yields are unsatisfactory due to the use of inadequate agricultural practices that are not sustainable. This study aimed to survey the soil chemical properties in an area of 1,131 ha by collecting 1,053 samples in the 0-0.30 m surface soil layer. The samples were analyzed for chemical properties and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The obtained results indicated that there was higher variability for aluminum, potassium and phosphorus concentration and for the percentage of sodium saturation. The lowest variability was observed for soil pH. The data did not present a normal distribution. Most soil samples presented low aluminum, organic matter, and phosphorus concentrations. The soil pH, CEC, calcium, magnesium, and potassium concentration were interpreted as appropriate for most crops and were classified as normal regarding the percentage of sodium saturation.

RESUMO A família Monimiaceae engloba 30 gêneros e cerca de 400 espécies de árvores ou arbustos distribuídos pelas regiões tropicais e subtropicais, especialmente do Hemisfério Sul. Está representada no Brasil por seis gêneros e cerca de 95 espécies, sendo os gêneros mais ricos em espécies Mollinedia e Siparuna. Macropeplus, gênero endêmico do Brasil, ocorre em áreas florestadas nos campos rupestres, cerrados e mata atlântica, acima de 1.000 m de altitude, nos estados da Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Desde a sua criação, no final do século passado, e até o presente estudo era considerado monoespecífico e compreendendo oito variedades. O presente estudo reconhece quatro táxons, que foram elevados à categoria de espécie: Macropeplus dentatus (Perkins) I.Santos & Peixoto, M. friburgensis (Perkins) I.Santos & Peixoto, M. ligustrinus (Tul.) Perkins e M. schwackeanus (Perkins) I.Santos & Peixoto. As espécies são distintas predominantemente com base na margem e consistência das folhas bem como na coloração que adquirem quando secas, tanto em campo quanto em laboratório; utilizou-se também, como caracteres diferenciais, comprimento do pedúnculo, do pedicelo, dos lobos florais e o número de estames. M. ligustrinus é a espécie de maior área de distribuição, ocorrendo na Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás e Distrito Federal; M. friburgensis é exclusiva da Serra do Mar, no Rio de Janeiro, ocorrendo nos municípios de Nova Friburgo e Teresópolis; M. schwackeanus é endêmica de Minas Gerais, ocorrendo na Serra de Ouro Preto e Serra do Caparaó; M. dentatus ocorre na Serra do Mar e na Serra da Mantiqueira, no Rio Janeiro e São Paulo. Durante o presente estudo foram localizadas nove populações no campo: cinco de M. ligustrinus, uma de M. friburgensis e três de M. dentatus. Não se pode localizar ainda nenhuma população de M. scwackeanus no campo.

ABSTRACT The Monimiaceae family includes 30 genera and about 400 trees or shrubs species distributed in tropical and undertropical regions, mainly in the South Hemisphere. In Brazil, it’s represented by 6 genera and about 95 species,Mollinedia and Siparuna are richest genera in species.Macropeplus a brasilian endemic genus, is restricted to high land areas, about a thousand meters of altitude, in stunted sparse forests, topical savannas and Atlantic forests located in the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Since it’s creation, in the end of the last century, and until this work, it was considered monoespecific and an eight-variety genus. The present work recognizes 4 taxons that were raised to specie category: Macropeplus dentatus (Perkins) I. Santos & Peixoto, M. friburgensis (Perkins) I.Santos & Peixoto, M. ligustinus (Tul.) Perkins and M. schwackeanus (Perkins) I.Santos & Peixoto. The species are mainly distinct by leaves’ border consistence, as well as the dry leaves coloration, obtained in field or in laboratory. The floral laps length, the number of stames and the peduncle and pedicel length were also considered. M. ligustrinus the most distributed specie, occurring at Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás and Distrito Federal; M. friburgensis is restricted to Serra do Mar in the state of Rio de Janeiro, occurring at Nova Friburgo and Teresópolis municipal districts; M. schwackeanus is endemic of the state of Minas Gerais, occurring at Serra de Ouro Preto and Caparaó; M. dentatus occurs at Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira, in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. During the present work 9 field populations were located: 5 of M. ligustrinus, 1 of M. friburgensis and 3 of M. dentatus. No M. schwackeanus population can still be located in field.