ABSTRACT Banana is a climacteric fruit with short post-harvest shelf-life, undergoing significant changes during ripening. Refrigerated storage is considered the most efficient method to preserve the quality of fruit by slowing down their metabolism. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate physical and chemical characteristics of 'BRS-Princesa' bananas stored under refrigeration, focusing on determining their post-harvest shelf-life. The fruit were stored in a cold chamber at temperature of 14±1 °C and relative air humidity of 75±1% for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. They were removed from the cold chamber after each period and kept at 25±1 °C in a climate-controlled environment (CCE) until they presented a fully yellow peel (ripening stage 6). The fruit were evaluated immediately after removal from the cold chamber and when they reached the ripening stage 6. Refrigeration affected all physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit evaluated after removal from the cold chamber. However, when the fruit were fully ripe, pulp yield, soluble solids content, and total soluble sugars presented no significant difference, indicating a similar ripening to the control group. Fruit stored for 21 and 28 days showed chilling injury. 'BRS-Princesa' bananas can be stored at 14 °C for up to 14 days, without losses in fruit appearance and quality, thus extending the time for fruit consumption by 8 days when compared to fruit stored in the CCE (25±1 °C). postharvest post harvest shelflife, shelflife shelf life, life shelf-life metabolism Thus BRSPrincesa BRS Princesa 'BRS-Princesa refrigeration shelflife. life. 141 1 14± C 751 75 75±1 0 7 2 251 25 25± climatecontrolled climate controlled (CCE 6 . 6) However ripe yield content difference group injury (25± °C. °C) 75± (25 (2 (

RESUMO A banana é um fruto climatérico de vida pós-colheita curta e que sofre mudanças acentuadas durante seu amadurecimento. O armazenamento refrigerado é considerado a forma mais eficaz de preservar a qualidade dos frutos, diminuindo seu metabolismo. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físicoquímicas de bananas 'BRS-Princesa' armazenadas sob refrigeração, visando determinar o período de vida útil pós-colheita. Os frutos foram armazenados em câmara fria, em temperatura de 14±1 ºC e 75±1% UR por períodos de 0, 7,14, 21 ou 28 dias. Após cada período, os frutos foram retirados da câmara fria e mantidos em temperatura ambiente (25±1 ºC) até apresentarem coloração da casca completamente amarela (estádio 6 de maturação). As avaliações foram realizadas logo após a retirada dos frutos da refrigeração e quando os frutos atingiram o estádio 6. A refrigeração afetou todas as variáveis de qualidade físico-química dos frutos avaliados após a retirada da câmara fria. Porém, quando os frutos atingiram o completo amadurecimento, as variáveis rendimento da polpa, sólidos solúveis e açúcares solúveis totais não apresentaram diferença significativa, indicando um amadurecimento semelhante ao controle. Frutos armazenados por 21 e 28 dias apresentaram índices de injúrias por frio. As bananas 'BRS-Princesa' podem ser armazenadas a 14 °C por um período de até 14 dias, sem prejuízo à boa aparência e qualidade dos frutos, com incremento de 8 dias na possibilidade de consumo dos frutos, quando comparados ao controle. póscolheita pós colheita metabolismo Assim BRSPrincesa BRS Princesa 'BRS-Princesa póscolheita. colheita. 141 1 14± 751 75 75±1 0 714 7 7,14 2 25±1 251 25 (25± maturação. maturação . maturação) físicoquímica físico química Porém polpa significativa controle frio C 75± 71 7,1 25± (25 7, (2 (

Guanine was investigated as a potential green corrosion inhibitor to API 5L X65 carbon steel in HCl 0.1 mol.dm-3 solution, at pH = 2.0, under hydrodynamic conditions using electrochemical, weight loss and Raman spectroscopy experiments. Cyclic voltammetry and potentiodynamic polarization curves suggested that Guanine does not change the metal/solution interface appreciably and weight loss tests confirmed the low inhibition efficiency (IE) of Guanine in protecting the X65 steel in this corrosive medium. An IE = 22% was determined after 48 h of exposure, a value lower than that reported in the literature on the mild steel/Guanine/HCl system. Raman spectroscopy was employed to gain insight on the nature of the steel/Guanine interaction and the results pointed out to a weak physisorption of the molecule, thus explaining the very low IE values obtained. L X X6 01 0 1 0. mol.dm3 moldm3 moldm mol.dm 3 mol dm mol.dm- solution 20 2 2.0 electrochemical experiments metalsolution metal (IE medium 22 4 exposure steelGuanineHCl system steelGuanine molecule obtained dm3 2.

Hematological problems are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respiratory impairment is the higher point studied, although without experimental studies related to the oxygen transport performed by erythrocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate if erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients have their functionality changed. The case-control study included hospitalized patients with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result admitted to University Hospital. Volunteers (negative RT-PCR results) were recruited as a control group. Thus, we assessed different erythrocytes parameters, oxidative stress markers, and biophysical studies using whole blood and isolated hemoglobin. We found a decrease of 51% in oxygen uptake and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Raman spectrometry showed structural changes in the hemoglobin and lipids of the erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients; thus, these results were consolidated with an increase in Young’s modulus in erythrocytes followed by morphology changes. Besides, isolated hemoglobin from COVID-19 patients has a distinct interaction profile using a ligand model compared to the control. COVID-19 leads to structural, functional, and morphological damage to human erythrocytes. Our data showed structural and molecular changes and induction of oxidative stress in erythrocytes by COVID-19, a new perspective on the contribution of erythrocytes to a respiratory commitment in COVID-19. 201 COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19 . (COVID-19) studied Therefore COVID-1 changed casecontrol case realtime real time RTPCR RT PCR (RT-PCR Hospital negative group Thus parameters markers 51 controls thus Youngs Young s Besides functional COVID19, 19, 19. 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-19 COVID- 5 2 (COVID-1 (COVID- (COVID

Abstract Capillaria Zeder, 1800, parasitizes the organs and tissues of several hosts, including the domestic duck Cairina moschata (Linnaeus). This article describes a new species of Capillaria in domestic ducks identified based on morphological studies and molecular analyses of the ribosomal RNA gene. Thirty-eight specimens of C. moschata from the municipality of Soure, Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil. The organs of the birds' digestive tract were analyzed under a stereomicroscope to confirm the parasitic infection, after which the collected nematodes were identified by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular analysis. Capillariids parasitized the intestine and cecum of the examined birds. These parasites had three bacillary bands and a pair of elongated precloacal papillae on the tail. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the new species formed a sister clade with Capillaria spinulosa (Linstow, 1890), as described in Indonesia and Japan. Based on morphological distinctions and molecular data, Capillaria cairina n. sp. can be considered a new parasite species of C. moschata in the Brazilian Amazon. Zeder 1800 hosts Linnaeus. Linnaeus . (Linnaeus) gene Thirtyeight Thirty eight C Soure Island Pará Brazil birds infection microscopy tail Linstow, Linstow (Linstow 1890, 1890 , 1890) Japan data n sp Amazon 180 (Linnaeus 189 18 1

Resumo Capillaria Zeder, 1800 parasitam órgãos e tecidos de diversos hospedeiros, incluindo o pato doméstico Cairina moschata (Linnaeus). Este artigo descreve uma nova espécie de Capillaria em patos domésticos, identificada com base em estudos morfológicos e análises moleculares do gene do RNA ribossomal. Trinta e oito espécimes de C. moschata oriundo dos no município de Soure, Ilha de Marajó, Pará, Brasil. Os órgãos do aparelho digestivo das aves foram analisados em estereomicroscópio para confirmar a infecção parasitária. Após, os nematódeos coletados foram identificados por microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análises moleculares. Os capilarídeos parasitaram intestino e ceco das aves examinadas. Esses parasitas apresentaram três bandas bacilares e um par de papilas pré-cloacais alongadas na cauda. A análise filogenética indicou que a nova espécie formou um clado irmão com Capillaria spinulosa (Linstow, 1890), conforme descrito na Indonésia e no Japão. Com base na distinção morfológica e dados moleculares, Capillaria cairina n. sp. pode ser considerada uma nova espécie de parasita de C. moschata na Amazonia brasileira. Zeder 180 hospedeiros Linnaeus. Linnaeus . (Linnaeus) domésticos ribossomal C Soure Marajó Pará Brasil parasitária Após luz examinadas précloacais pré cloacais cauda Linstow, Linstow (Linstow 1890, 1890 , 1890) Japão n sp brasileira 18 (Linnaeus 189 1

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the factors related to the mental health of Community Health Workers (ACS) in the COVID-19 context. A total of 1,935 ACS from four Northeastern capitals and four cities in the inland region of Ceará participated. The following data were collected: sociodemographic; professional; SRQ-20; WHOQOL-Bref, exposure to violence, General Self-Efficacy Scale (EAEG), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), COVID-19-related information, and the coronavirus anxiety scale (EAC). Approximately 40.5% had SRQ > 7, signaling high levels of Common Mental Disorders (CMD)/mental health issues. We adopted the Multiple linear (backward) regression. We observed that the increased risk of CMD was influenced by exposure to violence, EAC, not knowing they had COVID-19, not knowing the variables that reduced the risk, the physical and psychological domains of the WHOQOL-Bref, not having increased working hours, and not having had COVID-19. The data reveal the multidimensional dynamics of mental health and help understand the relationship between community violence, COVID-19, quality of life, age, and ESF working time with the mental health of ACS. (ACS COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 context 1935 1 935 1,93 participated collected sociodemographic professional SRQ20 20 SRQ-20 WHOQOLBref, WHOQOLBref WHOQOL Bref, Bref WHOQOL-Bref violence SelfEfficacy Self Efficacy EAEG, EAEG , (EAEG) MSPSS, MSPSS (MSPSS) COVID19related COVIDrelated information EAC. EAC . (EAC) 405 40 5 40.5 7 CMD/mental CMDmental /mental issues backward (backward regression COVID19, 19, hours COVID19. 19. life age COVID1 COVID- 193 93 1,9 SRQ2 2 SRQ-2 (EAEG (MSPSS (EAC 4 40. 9 1, SRQ-

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores relacionados à saúde mental dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) no contexto da COVID-19. Participaram 1.935 ACS de quatro capitais nordestinas e de quatro cidades do interior do Ceará. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e profissiográficos; SRQ-20; WHOQOL-Bref; exposição à violência; Escala de Autoeficácia Geral (EAEG); Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido (MSPSS); informações relacionadas à COVID-19 e Escala de Ansiedade para Coronavírus (EAC). 40,5% exibiram SRQ > 7, sinalizando altos níveis de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC)/problemas de saúde mental. Utilizou-se a regressão linear múltiplas (backward). Observou-se que o aumento de risco de TCM foi influenciado pelos seguintes fatores: exposição à violência; EAC; não saber se teve COVID-19; desconhecer as variáveis que diminuíam o risco; os domínios físico e psicológico do WHOQOL-Bref; não ter aumento da jornada de trabalho; e não ter tido COVID-19. Os dados revelam a dinâmica multidimensional da saúde mental e ajudam a compreender a relação entre violência comunitária, COVID-19, qualidade de vida, idade e tempo de atuação na ESF com a saúde mental dos ACS. (ACS COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 1935 1 935 1.93 Ceará profissiográficos SRQ20 20 SRQ-20 WHOQOLBref WHOQOL Bref WHOQOL-Bref EAEG (EAEG) MSPSS (MSPSS) COVID-1 EAC. EAC . (EAC) 405 40 5 40,5 7 TMC/problemas TMCproblemas TMC /problemas problemas Utilizouse Utilizou backward. backward (backward) Observouse Observou trabalho comunitária COVID19, 19, vida COVID1 193 93 1.9 SRQ2 2 SRQ-2 (EAEG (MSPSS COVID- (EAC 4 40, (backward 9 1. SRQ-

ABSTRACT In Brazil, the Steppe Savanna and associated vegetation types, typical of the Chaco, are in the Pantanal biome. Land use in this region has caused the suppression of natural vegetation and the emission of greenhouse gases. The knowledge of the phytophysiognomies of the Chaco and its importance for the mitigation and adaptation to climate change can contribute to conservation and protection policies in this region, including specific public policies to support the sustainable use of biodiversity and carbon stock (C). In this work, we present an estimate of the balance between CO2 emissions and removals associated with land use and land cover changes for the Brazilian Chaco, considering the annual average of C loss or gain in living biomass and dead organic matter in three different periods: 1990 to 2000, 2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2019. The methodology followed the one recommended by the Fourth National Communication of Brazil to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, with adaptations. The results show that the natural vegetation of the Brazilian Chaco has been replaced by pasture throughout the studied period (1990-2019). The Savanna Formations had the greatest reduction in area in this period. The balance points to a net emission of 0.12, 0.05, and 0.03 MgCO2 ha-1 year-1, respectively, in 1990-2000, 2000-2010, and 2010-2019. CO2 removals predominate especially in the Kadiweu Indigenous Land, and emissions prevail in the Chaco South region. types biome gases C. . (C) work CO periods 199 200 201 2019 Change adaptations 19902019. 19902019 (1990-2019) 012 0 12 0.12 005 05 0.05 003 03 0.0 MgCO ha1 ha 1 ha- year1, year1 year 1, year-1 respectively 19902000, 19902000 1990-2000 20002010, 20002010 2010, 2000-2010 20102019. 20102019 2010-2019 (C 19 20 1990201 (1990-2019 01 0.1 00 0. year- 1990200 1990-200 2000201 2000-201 2010201 2010-201 2 199020 (1990-201 1990-20 200020 2000-20 201020 2010-20 19902 (1990-20 1990-2 20002 2000-2 20102 2010-2 (1990-2 1990- 2000- 2010- (1990- (1990 (199 (19 (1 (

RESUMO No Brasil, a Savana Estépica e formações associadas, típicas do Chaco, encontram-se inseridas no bioma Pantanal. O uso da terra nessa região tem provocado a supressão da vegetação natural e a emissão de gases de efeito estufa. O conhecimento das fitosionomias do Chaco e de sua importância para a mitigação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas pode contribuir para políticas de conservação e proteção dessa região, incluindo políticas públicas específicas que apoiem o uso sustentável da biodiversidade e do estoque de carbono (C). No presente trabalho é apresentada a estimativa do balanço de CO2 devido a mudanças no uso da terra para o Chaco brasileiro, considerando a média anual das emissões e remoções relativas às mudanças dos estoques de C na biomassa viva e matéria orgânica morta, em três diferentes períodos: 1990 a 2000; 2000 a 2010 e 2010 a 2019. A metodologia seguiu a preconizada pelo Quarta Comunicação Nacional do Brasil à Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima, com adaptações. Os resultados mostram que a vegetação natural do Chaco brasileiro vem sendo substituída por pastagem ao longo do período estudado (1990-2019). A Formação Savânica teve a maior redução em área nesse período. O balanço aponta para emissões líquidas de 0,12, 0,05 e 0,03 MgCO2 ha-1 ano-1, respectivamente, nos períodos 1990-2000, 2000-2010 e 2010-2019. As remoções de CO2 predominam especialmente na Terra Indígena Kadiwéu, e as emissões, no sul da região. associadas encontramse encontram se Pantanal estufa C. . (C) CO morta 199 200 201 2019 ConvençãoQuadro Convenção Quadro Clima adaptações 19902019. 19902019 (1990-2019) 012 0 12 0,12 005 05 0,0 003 03 MgCO ha1 ha 1 ha- ano1, ano1 ano 1, ano-1 respectivamente 19902000, 19902000 2000, 1990-2000 20002010 2000-201 20102019. 20102019 2010-2019 Kadiwéu (C 19 20 1990201 (1990-2019 01 0,1 00 0, ano- 1990200 1990-200 2000201 2000-20 2010201 2010-201 2 199020 (1990-201 1990-20 200020 2000-2 201020 2010-20 19902 (1990-20 1990-2 20002 2000- 20102 2010-2 (1990-2 1990- 2010- (1990- (1990 (199 (19 (1 (

Ursolic acid (UA) is being investigated due to its anti-inflammatory potential, and structural modifications can enhance its biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the ursolic acid derivatives (UAD) in macrophages and in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of UA or UAD (1-18). Nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and cellular viability were measured. 30 min before the carrageenan-induced paw edema, the UAD1 and UAD2 (200 mg kg-1) were administered intraperitoneally. The results showed that UAD2-4, UAD7, UAD9-11 had half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) greater than 90 µM and were able to reduce NO, NF-κB and TNF production. Moreover, UAD1 and UAD2 reduced paw edema and IL-6 production. In conclusion, the results obtained demonstrated a variation in the response between the derivatives due to the chemical modifications, showing potential to reduce the inflammatory mediators, deserving further investigations. (UA antiinflammatory anti activities (UAD carrageenaninduced carrageenan induced model RAW2647 RAW RAW264 7 RAW264. 118. 118 1 18 . (1-18) NO , (NO) NFκB, NFκB NF κB (NF-κB) TNF, (TNF) measured 3 200 (20 kg1 kg kg-1 intraperitoneally UAD24, UAD24 4, 4 UAD2-4 UAD7 UAD911 UAD9 11 UAD9-1 IC50 IC (IC50 9 production Moreover IL6 IL 6 IL- conclusion mediators investigations RAW26 (1-18 (NO (NF-κB (TNF 20 (2 kg- UAD2- UAD91 UAD9- IC5 (IC5 RAW2 (1-1 2 ( (IC (1- (1

Abstract To control urban pests, especially cockroaches of the Periplaneta americana species, various pesticides have been developed that are increasingly potent and effective. However, the unrestrained application of pesticides has had negative consequences, such as the disappearance of some useful insect species and, consequently, the appearance of new pests, both in the countryside and cities. Due to the current scenario, it was necessary to search for new alternatives for the control of these insects. Among the species studied, Copaíba stood out. The oils were analyzed using GC-MS, b-caryophyllene and a-bergamotene being the predominant compounds. Repellency tests were performed with three different concentrations of C. officinalis and C. reticulata, 500 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, in triplicate. It can be observed that the oil of C. officinalis was more repellent to the nymphs at concentrations of 500 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL, however, when the behavior in nymphs exposed to the concentration of 125 μg/mL was compared, it was noted that C. reticulata oil was more repellent at this concentration. Copaifera has shown promising activity as a repellent against arthropods owing to the complex chemical composition of its oils. pests effective However consequences consequently cities scenario insects studied out GCMS, GCMS GC MS, MS GC-MS bcaryophyllene b caryophyllene abergamotene bergamotene compounds C 50 μgmL μg mL 25 12 triplicate however compared 5 2 1

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores relacionados à saúde mental dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) no contexto da COVID-19. Participaram 1.935 ACS de quatro capitais nordestinas e de quatro cidades do interior do Ceará. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e profissiográficos; SRQ-20; WHOQOL-Bref; exposição à violência; Escala de Autoeficácia Geral (EAEG); Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido (MSPSS); informações relacionadas à COVID-19 e Escala de Ansiedade para Coronavírus (EAC). 40,5% exibiram SRQ > 7, sinalizando altos níveis de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC)/problemas de saúde mental. Utilizou-se a regressão linear múltiplas (backward). Observou-se que o aumento de risco de TCM foi influenciado pelos seguintes fatores: exposição à violência; EAC; não saber se teve COVID-19; desconhecer as variáveis que diminuíam o risco; os domínios físico e psicológico do WHOQOL-Bref; não ter aumento da jornada de trabalho; e não ter tido COVID-19. Os dados revelam a dinâmica multidimensional da saúde mental e ajudam a compreender a relação entre violência comunitária, COVID-19, qualidade de vida, idade e tempo de atuação na ESF com a saúde mental dos ACS.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the factors related to the mental health of Community Health Workers (ACS) in the COVID-19 context. A total of 1,935 ACS from four Northeastern capitals and four cities in the inland region of Ceará participated. The following data were collected: sociodemographic; professional; SRQ-20; WHOQOL-Bref, exposure to violence, General Self-Efficacy Scale (EAEG), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), COVID-19-related information, and the coronavirus anxiety scale (EAC). Approximately 40.5% had SRQ > 7, signaling high levels of Common Mental Disorders (CMD)/mental health issues. We adopted the Multiple linear (backward) regression. We observed that the increased risk of CMD was influenced by exposure to violence, EAC, not knowing they had COVID-19, not knowing the variables that reduced the risk, the physical and psychological domains of the WHOQOL-Bref, not having increased working hours, and not having had COVID-19. The data reveal the multidimensional dynamics of mental health and help understand the relationship between community violence, COVID-19, quality of life, age, and ESF working time with the mental health of ACS.

Resumo O baiacu amazônico Colomesus psittacus é um peixe de importância comercial para a aquariofilia, além de ser capturado como bycacth e descartado morto no ambiente nas pescarias artesanais que ocorrem nos estuários da região Norte do Brasil. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se identificar e descrever nematódeos do gênero Huffmanela em baiacus oriundos da ilha de Marajó, bem como as alterações histopatológicas causadas por eles. Cinquenta e cinco peixes foram analisados, e trinta e cinco espécimes apresentaram o parasita nas branquias. Características morfológicas sugerem tratar-se de uma nova espécie do gênero Huffmanela, e os exames histopatológicos demonstraram uma inflamação edematosa na lamela secundária e presença de ovos desse nematódeo. Esse fato se torna o primeiro registro desse gênero parasito em C. psittacus no Brasil.

Abstract The puffer fish Colomesus psittacus, is not commercialized on Marajó Island. They are captured as bycacth and discarded dead in the environment in artisanal fisheries that occur in the estuaries of northern Brazil. In this sense, the objective was to identify the parasites present in the gills and to evaluate the histopathological alterations caused by these nematodes of the genus Huffmanela. Fifty-five fish were analyzed, and thirty-five specimens showed the parasite in the gills. Morphological characteristics suggest that it is a new species of the genus Huffmanela, and the histopathological exams showed an edematous inflammation in the secondary lamella and the presence of eggs of this nematode, which is the first record of this parasite in C. psittacus in Brazil.

Abstract Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a steel degradation that occurs in heat recovery steam generators in the power industry. The mechanism of this corrosion comprises an electrochemical dissolution of the semi-protective magnetite layer (Fe3O4) that is formed within the pipes employed in the boilers. The FAC is influenced by different factors such as fluid velocity, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration. In this context, Rotating Cage tests were used to evaluate the influence of pH and dissolved oxygen content on FAC of A210, P11 and P22 steels. General corrosion was lower for P11 and P22 steels, an effect consistent with the presence of chromium in their compositions. General corrosion was most critical at pH 8.5. The corrosion intensity decreased for the three steels when the dissolved oxygen concentration increased, at 2 m/s. This behavior is coherent considering the most effective precipitation of Fe2O3 inside the pores of the Fe3O4 layer in a more oxidizing environment. For 3 m/s, the corrosion intensity increased for both materials when oxygen increased, showing the shear stress effect. These behaviors were more significant at pH 8.5. About pitting corrosion, the analyzes show localized attack in the majority of coupons, however with very low number of pits.

Abstract Objective This article presents a clinical and cytogenomic approach that focuses on the diagnosis of syndromic oral clefts (OCs). Methods The inclusion criteria were individuals with OC presenting four or more minor signs and no major defects (non-syndromic oral clefts [NSOCs]) as well as individuals with OC presenting at least another major defect, regardless of the number of minor signs (syndromic oral clefts [SOCs]). The exclusion criteria included NSOC with less than four minor signs, SOC with known etiology, as well as atypical oral clefts. Results Of 1647 individuals with OC recorded in the Brazilian Database of Craniofacial Anomalies, 100 individuals were selected for chromosome microarray analysis (CMA). Among these, 44 individuals were clinically classified as NSOC and 56 as SOC. CMA was performed for both groups, and abnormal CMA was identified in 9%, all previously classified as SCO. The clinical and CMA data analyses showed a significant predominance of abnormal CMA in individuals classified as SOC (p = 0.0044); prematurity, weight, length, and head circumference at birth were significantly lower in the group with abnormal CMA. Besides, minor signs were significantly higher in this group (p = 0.0090). Conclusion The rigorous selection of cases indicates that the significant variables could help in early recognition of SOC. This study reinforces the importance of applying the CMA technique to establish the diagnosis of SOC. This is an important and universal issue in clinical practice for intervention, care, and genetic counseling.

Abstract The use of creep feeding for preweaning piglets is important to improve the performance of the piglets. The objective of this experiment was evaluate the effect of using or altering the position of piglet’s creep feeder during lactation on piglet’s performance and on behavior of piglets and sows kept in a hot climate environment. Forty-five sows and their litters at 10 days of lactation were randomly distributed into three treatments: front feeder (FF) - near the side of the sow’s head; back feeder (BF) - near the side of the rump of the sow; and no feeder (NF). All piglets were weighed individually to evaluate the average weight, weight gain and coefficient of variation of the weight. Behavior assessments of the piglets and sows were recorded in 3 period. At 15 and 21 d, piglets of the FF treatment were heavier (P ≤ 0.0001) than piglets of the other treatments. At 10-21d piglets of FF treatment had 76.2% less belly nosing behavior than the NF piglets (P=0.015). The treatments had no impact on behavior of the sows. The creep feeders positioned in the front of the farrowing crate increased piglet growth rate and decreased frequency of belly nosing behavior.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to obtain, through the tree pruning pyrolysis, coal to be used in the removal of pollutants present in gray waters. The coal obtained during the process was used in a gray water filtration column and dye adsorption test. In this investigation it was proposed the treatment of gray water by the following series steps: (a) coagulation/ flocculation, (b) decantation, (c) sand filtration and (d) coal filtration column. The maximum coal yield was 60.10% obtained at 360 ºC and heating rate of 30 ºC/min. The gray water polishing using the coal obtained from the tree pruning pyrolysis process was efficient in the removal of the studied analytical parameters. For turbidity, COD, total solids and residual chlorine parameters, the removal values were 99, 98, 71 and 100 %, respectively. The charcoal from the filtration column was responsible for removing organ matter of gray water.

Abstract This study inventoried and characterized the richness of galling insects based on gall morphotypes and their host plants in two Cerrado sensu stricto areas of Caetité municipality in Bahia State, Brazil, to aid the identification of galling insects and their host plants, as well as to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of local biodiversity. The survey was conducted in the Moita dos Porcos archaeological site and João Barroca Farm site, adopting the random walking methodology for sampling, during 12 months. We recorded 98 gall morphotypes on 42 plant species belonging to 36 genera and 22 families. Leguminosae, Malpighiaceae and Myrtaceae demonstrated the greatest richness of galls, and the Copaifera langsdorffii was the super-host species, with 16 gall morphotypes. Most galls occur on leaves, and may be globoid, glabrous, grouped, and are usually unilocular, and brown. The galling insects identified belonged to Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Thysanoptera. Eight plant host species and eight gall morphotypes were recorded for the first time in Cerrado areas in Brazil. The areas surveyed demonstrated high richness of gall morphotypes and host plants, evidencing the importance of studying and preserving different areas of the same biome.