ABSTRACT Exposing seeds to agents that elicit tolerance to abiotic stress, such as phytohormones and organic acids, during hydration and dehydration cycles can determine their response to later stimuli, e.g. exposure to salt stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of priming cycles with different eliciting agents of salt stress tolerance on seeds of the cowpea varieties Sempre Verde and Pingo de Ouro. The seeds were subjected to the following treatments: 0.0 mM NaCl (control); 100 mM NaCl (salt stress); salt stress + three seed-priming cycles (PC) in water; salt stress + PC in gibberellic acid; salt stress + PC in hydrogen peroxide; salt stress + PC in salicylic acid; salt stress + PC in ascorbic acid. The following variables were analysed: germination, growth, dry weight, salt tolerance index, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids and proline. Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) reduced germination, length and biomass accumulation in the Sempre Verde and Pingo de Ouro varieties. These showed the best response to the priming cycles with gibberellic and salicylic acids, which promoted greater germination potential, length and biomass under a salt stress of 100 mM NaCl, affording greater tolerance via osmotic regulation, especially in the Sempre Verde variety. stimuli eg e g e.g treatments 00 0 0. control (control) 10 stress) seedpriming seed (PC water acid peroxide analysed growth weight index sugars proline (10 potential regulation variety (control 1 (1 (

RESUMO As perdas de grãos ameaçam a sustentabilidade na agricultura, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento. A colheita mecanizada é um importante estágio em que as perdas ocorrem, sendo crucial investigá-la. Portanto, uma revisão sistemática e meta-analítica foi conduzida para analisar estudos das últimas duas décadas no tema de perdas quantitativas de soja durante a colheita mecanizada na América do Sul. A pesquisa inicial resultou em 1094 artigos científicos, entretanto, apenas 25 estudos foram selecionados devido ao critério de inclusão estabelecido. Essa revisão descreve uma visão ampla dos aspectos técnicos monitorados no campo, instruções para garantir uma colheita eficiente e lacunas da literatura para futuras inovações. Os estudos foram predominantemente baseados em dados contínuos e observacionais, além de possuírem falhas metodológicas de acordo com uma pontuação qualitativa. Assim, apenas quatro estudos foram incluídos na meta-análise. Os resultados mostraram uma relação significativa entre perdas relacionadas à idade da máquina, indicando que colhedoras com mais de 10 anos de uso produziram perdas maiores que as novas (p ≤ 0.05). Por outro lado, operar em velocidades maiores que 5 km h-1 não levou a um aumento significativo das perdas de grãos (p > 0.05). No campo, muitas decisões podem ser tomadas para reduzir as perdas, e.g., treinar operadores e configurar a colhedora de acordo com as condições da lavoura. As discussões apresentadas nessa revisão são importantes para guiar as inovações em sistemas de colheita e diminuir as perdas de grãos ao entender os pontos críticos em um conceito de maior lucratividade durante o processo. agricultura desenvolvimento ocorrem investigála. investigála investigá la. la investigá-la Portanto metaanalítica meta analítica Sul 109 científicos entretanto 2 estabelecido campo observacionais qualitativa Assim metaanálise. metaanálise análise. análise meta-análise máquina 1 p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) lado h1 h h- eg g e.g. lavoura processo 00 0.0 e.g 0.

ABSTRACT Grain losses pose a threat to agricultural sustainability, particularly in developing countries. Mechanized harvesting is a key process in which losses occur; thus, its investigation is essential. Therefore, a systematic and meta-analytical review was conducted to encompass studies on quantitative soybean losses during harvesting in South America from the last two decades. The initial search yielded 1,094 scientific articles; however, only 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. This study provides an overview of technical aspects monitored on farms, guidelines to ensure efficient harvesting and literature gaps for further innovations. Because studies on soybean losses were predominantly based on continuous observational data and lacked methodological quality according to a quality scoring, only four studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed a significant relation between losses and the combine age, indicating that combines with over 10 years of use result in higher losses than newer ones (p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, operating at speeds exceeding 5 km h-1 did not lead to significant increases in soybean losses (p > 0.05). Many decisions can be taken at the farm-level to reduce losses, such as proper training of workers and adequation of combine harvesters according to each crop condition. The insights described here are timely for paving the way towards innovation in harvesting systems and minimizing grain losses by understanding the critical points within the context improving yields during soybean harvesting. sustainability countries occur thus essential Therefore metaanalytical meta analytical decades 1094 1 094 1,09 articles however 2 criteria farms innovations scoring metaanalysis. metaanalysis analysis. analysis age p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) Conversely h1 h h- farmlevel farm level condition 109 09 1,0 00 0.0 1, 0.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a possibilidade do emprego do golfe como metáfora para o ensino de finanças. Este estudo relata uma experiência piloto de ensino de finanças com o emprego da prática do golfe como metáfora. O golfe pode ser um meio para promover o engajamento de estudantes de finanças. Marco teórico: teoria normativa e positiva da decisão econômica. A prática esportiva pode ser um meio de engajar estudantes em programas de ensino de finanças. O golfe, em especial, pode desempenhar esse papel, além de constituir uma poderosa ferramenta de construção e manutenção de redes sociais relevantes ao profissional de alto nível. Métodos: trinta estudantes, em nível de graduação, voluntariamente inscritos participaram do programa piloto de ensino ao longo de cinco dias, com sessões (em campo) de fundamentos do golfe e de decisões financeiras, buscando sinergias entre esses dois domínios. Constata-se o interesse elevado dos participantes tanto nas sessões de prática esportiva como nas atividades de finanças. Resultados: os resultados sugerem que erros psicológicos comuns ao golfe e ao comportamento financeiro, e.g., excesso de otimismo, excesso de confiança e julgamentos emocionais, podem ser diagnosticados e endereçados por meio da prática esportiva. Em adição, a autoavaliação realizada pelos participantes sugere a possibilidade de que o programa possa induzir comportamentos alinhados com o ambiente corporativo. Conclusões: em que pese a contribuição do golfe para o ensino de disciplinas da área de negócios, ele ainda é ausente dos currículos formais. Objetivo teórico econômica especial papel Métodos graduação dias campo financeiras domínios Constatase Constata se Resultados financeiro eg g e.g. otimismo emocionais adição corporativo Conclusões negócios formais e.g

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the possibility of using golf as a metaphor for teaching finance. Study reports on a pilot experience of teaching finance using golf as a metaphor.Golf can be a means of promoting the engagement of finance students. Theoretical framework: a normative and positive economic decision theory is used as a framework. Sports can be a means of engaging students in finance education programs. Golf, in particular, can fulfill this role and serve as a powerful tool for building and maintaining social networks relevant to high-level professionals. Methods: thirty undergraduate students voluntarily participated in a pilot teaching program over five days. The program included sessions (in the field) on the fundamentals of golf and financial decisions, and students looked for synergies between these two domains. Participants showed a high level of interest in both the sports practice sessions and the finance activities. Results: the results suggest that psychological errors common to golf and financial behavior-for example, overoptimism, overconfidence, and emotional judgments-can be diagnosed and addressed through sports practice. In addition, the participants’ self-assessment indicates the possibility that the program can induce behaviors in line with the corporate environment. Conclusions: Despite golf’s contribution to the teaching of business subjects, it is still absent from formal curricula. metaphorGolf Golf framework programs particular highlevel professionals Methods days field decisions domains activities Results behaviorfor behavior example overoptimism overconfidence judgmentscan judgments addition participants selfassessment self assessment environment Conclusions golfs s subjects curricula

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por gestantes e o peso de recém-nascidos. Métodos: estudo prospectivo com gestantes (n=214) selecionadas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde em Pinhais, Paraná. Dados socioeconômicos, demográfcos e de saúde foram coletados. Dados de consumo alimentar foram coletados por recordatório de 24-horas físico e entrados no software GloboDiet. O consumo diário relativo de energia proveniente de alimentos ultraprocessados foi estimado e a análise de regressão logística foi utilizada, considerando covariáveis como renda familiar e escolaridade. Resultados: o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados pelas gestantes representou 26,9% da energia total. Cerca de 5,7% de recém-nascidos foram classifcados como pequenos para idade gestacional (PIG) e 10,7% como grandes para idade gestacional (GIG). Foi observada uma associação estatisticamente signifcativa limítrofe entre o peso dos recém-nascidos GIG e o consumo materno de alimentos ultraprocessados (OR= 1,027; p=0,048). Além disso, a renda familiar esteve associada com o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (OR=0,144; p=0,008). A cada 1% adicional de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, a probabilidade de as mães terem recém-nascidos GIG aumentou cerca de 2,7%. Conclusões: o estudo revela uma tendência de associação positiva entre o peso de recém-nascidos GIG e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por mulheres grávidas, mas não para crianças PIG. Objetivos recémnascidos. recémnascidos recém nascidos. nascidos Métodos n=214 n214 n 214 (n=214 Pinhais Paraná socioeconômicos 24horas horas 24 GloboDiet utilizada escolaridade Resultados 269 26 9 26,9 total 57 5 7 5,7 PIG (PIG 107 10 10,7 GIG. . (GIG) OR= OR (OR 1,027 1027 1 027 p=0,048. p0048 p p=0,048 0 048 p=0,048) disso OR=0,144 OR0144 144 (OR=0,144 p=0,008. p0008 p=0,008 008 p=0,008) 27 2 2,7% Conclusões grávidas n=21 n21 21 (n=21 26, 5, 10, (GIG 1,02 102 02 p004 p=0,04 04 OR=0,14 OR014 14 (OR=0,14 p000 p=0,00 00 2,7 n=2 n2 (n=2 1,0 p00 p=0,0 OR=0,1 OR01 (OR=0,1 2, n= (n= 1, p0 p=0, OR=0, OR0 (OR=0, (n p=0 OR=0 (OR=0 p=

Abstract Objectives: to assess the association between pregnant women’s consumption of ultra-processed foods and newborn body weight. Methods: prospective study with pregnant women (n=214) selected from all Basic Health Units in the city of Pinhais, Paraná. Socioeconomic, demographic, and health data were collected. Food consumption data were assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall and tabulated with GloboDiet software. Daily relative energy intake of ultra-processed food was estimated and logistic regression analysis was utilized. The infuence of covariates on the association analysis was also explored (e.g., income and education). Results: ultra-processed foods contributed to 26.9% of pregnant women’s total energy intake. About 5.7% of newborns were classifed as small-for-gestational-age and 10.7% as large-for-gestational-age. A borderline statistically signifcant association was observed between large-for-gestational-age newborn weight and maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR= 1.027; p=0.048). Additionally, family income was associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR= 0.144; p=0.008). With each additional 1% consumption of ultra-processed foods, mothers’ likelihood of having large-for-gestational-age babies increased by about 2.7%. Conclusions: the study reveals a trend of positive association between the weight of large-for-gestational-age newborns and the consumption of ultra-processed foods by pregnant women, but not for small-for-gestational-age children. Objectives womens s ultraprocessed ultra processed Methods n=214 n214 n 214 (n=214 Pinhais Paraná Socioeconomic demographic collected 24hour hour 24 software utilized e.g., eg e g (e.g. education. education . education) Results 269 26 9 26.9 57 5 7 5.7 smallforgestationalage small gestational age 107 10 10.7 largeforgestationalage. largeforgestationalage large age. OR= OR (OR 1.027 1027 1 027 p=0.048. p0048 p p=0.048 0 048 p=0.048) Additionally 0.144 0144 144 p=0.008. p0008 p=0.008 008 p=0.008) mothers 27 2 2.7% Conclusions children n=21 n21 21 (n=21 e.g. (e.g 26. 5. 10. 1.02 102 02 p004 p=0.04 04 0.14 014 14 p000 p=0.00 00 2.7 n=2 n2 (n=2 e.g 1.0 p00 p=0.0 0.1 01 2. n= (n= 1. p0 p=0. 0. (n p=0 p=

Resumo Antecedentes O envelhecimento populacional e as consequências do isolamento social após a pandemia de COVID-19 tornaram relevante investigar a viabilidade, segurança e aderência de intervenções remotas e potenciais efeitos para prevenir declínios funcionais. Objetivo (1) Investigar a viabilidade, segurança e aderência de um protocolo remoto de exercícios físicos e cognitivos; (2) investigar os possíveis efeitos sobre variáveis de cognição e de bem-estar. Métodos Vinte e nove mulheres foram randomicamente divididas em grupo experimental (GE; n= 15) e grupo controle (GC; n= 14). O GE realizou sessões de 40 minutos de exercícios físicos e cognitivos e o GC, 20 minutos de alongamentos. Totalizaram 20 sessões por videoconferência e 20 pelo YouTube, duas vezes por semana. O Teste de Fluência Verbal, o Teste de Dígitos (ordem direta e inversa), a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) e o Índice de Bem-Estar (WHO-5) foram aplicados no pré e pós-intervenção, por telefone e formulário digital. Resultados A aderência geral média foi de 82,25% no GE e 74,29% no GC. A ocorrência de eventos adversos (dores musculares leves) foi de 33,3% no GE e 21,4% no GC. O GE teve melhora em fluência verbal e atenção (p ≤ 0.05) e ambos os grupos tiveram melhora significativa nos sintomas depressivos. Conclusão O presente estudo atendeu aos critérios preestabelecidos para a viabilidade, segurança e aderência do programa oferecido entre idosas. Os resultados sugerem que o protocolo combinado tenha maior potencial de aprimorar funções cognitivas. Ambas as intervenções foram benéficas para a percepção subjetiva de bem-estar. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 viabilidade funcionais 1 (1 2 (2 bemestar. bemestar bem estar. estar bem-estar (GE n 15 GC (GC 14. 14 . 14) 4 alongamentos YouTube semana Verbal ordem inversa, inversa , inversa) GDS (GDS BemEstar Bem Estar WHO5 WHO 5 (WHO-5 pósintervenção, pósintervenção pós intervenção, intervenção pós-intervenção digital 8225 82 25 82,25 7429 74 29 74,29 dores leves 333 33 3 33,3 214 21 21,4 p 0.05 005 0 05 depressivos idosas cognitivas COVID1 COVID- ( (WHO- 822 8 82,2 742 7 74,2 33, 21, 0.0 00 (WHO 82, 74, 0.

Abstract Background Population aging and the consequences of social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic make it relevant to investigate the feasibility of remote interventions and their potential effects on averting functional decline. Objective (1) To investigate the feasibility, safety, and adherence of a remote protocol involving physical and cognitive exercises for older women with normal cognition; (2) to examine its effects on cognitive and well-being variables. Methods Twenty-nine women (age ≥ 60 years old) were randomized into experimental group (EG; n= 15) and control group (CG; n= 14). The EG performed a 40-minute session of cognitive and physical exercises, and CG performed a 20-minute stretching session. Both groups performed 20 sessions via videoconference and 20 on YouTube twice a week. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Verbal Fluency Test, Digit Span (direct an inverse order), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Well-being Index (WHO-5) were applied in pre- and post-interventions by phone. Results Overall adherence was 82.25% in EG and 74.29% in CG. The occurrence of adverse events (mild muscle pain) was 33.3% in EG and 21.4% in CG. The EG improved verbal fluency and attention (p ≤ 0.05); both groups had improved depressive symptoms. Conclusion The present study met the pre-established criteria for feasibility, safety, and adherence to the remote exercise protocol among older women. The results suggest that a combined protocol has more significant potential to improve cognitive function. Both interventions were beneficial in improving the subjective perception of well-being. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 decline 1 (1 safety cognition 2 (2 wellbeing well being variables Twentynine Twenty nine age 6 old (EG n 15 (CG 14. 14 . 14) 40minute minute 40 20minute week MiniMental Mini Mental Examination Test direct order, order , order) GDS, GDS (GDS) Wellbeing Well WHO5 WHO 5 (WHO-5 pre postinterventions post phone 8225 82 25 82.25 7429 74 29 74.29 mild pain 333 33 3 33.3 214 21 4 21.4 p 0.05 005 0 05 0.05) symptoms preestablished established function wellbeing. being. COVID1 COVID- ( (GDS (WHO- 822 8 82.2 742 7 74.2 33. 21. 0.0 00 (WHO 82. 74. 0.

ABSTRACT Experiments with artificial nests are widely used to gain insights into the behavioral and ecological factors affecting the survival of natural nests. Undesired effects on nest success may arise from variations in nest and egg characteristics (e.g., dimensions, texture, and color). Still, evaluating these potential factors is seldom considered in the design of artificial nest studies, particularly in tropical regions. We assessed the effect of two nest types (cup-shaped and dome-shaped) and two egg types (differing in size and color) on the survival of artificial nests. The egg types included smaller (22-25 mm), variously colored eggs of blue-breasted quails, Synoicus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) and larger (25-30 mm), white-spotted-with-brown eggs of Japanese quails, Coturnix japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1848. The experiment took place within a coastal shrubland (restinga) in southeastern Brazil, from August 16-31, 2017. This period coincides with the onset of the breeding season for most insectivorous bird species in the region. The nests were observed for 15 days to assess predation, revealing higher survival rates in dome-shaped nests than cup-shaped ones. Egg type, however, did not affect survival rates. This suggests that coastal shrubland nest survival is influenced by factors seen in other Neotropical environments, where dome-shaped nests are likewise less vulnerable to predation. Interestingly, egg color and size did not impact nest predation in this environment. We suggest that future studies on artificial nests should incorporate variations in nest types and validate the selection of egg types. e.g., eg e g (e.g. dimensions texture color. . Still regions cupshaped cup shaped domeshaped dome differing 2225 22 25 (22-2 mm, mm , mm) bluebreasted blue breasted quails Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1766 2530 30 (25-3 whitespottedwithbrown white spotted brown Schlegel 1848 restinga (restinga Brazil 1631, 1631 16 31, 31 16-31 2017 region 1 ones type however environments Interestingly environment e.g. (e.g 222 2 (22- 176 253 3 (25- 184 163 16-3 201 e.g (22 17 (25 18 16- 20 (2 (

USE OF ARROWS IN THE CONTEXT OF LEARNING IN CHEMISTRY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF ITS SYMBOLISM. The representation of arrows in Chemistry learning is routinely applied in classrooms and textbooks. Arrows of different shapes like horizontal, curved, vertical, or wavy have been used as symbols since the beginning of ancient civilizations, representing elements or compounds. The arrow is one of the most used symbols in Chemistry, as different types have presented different functions, especially in chemical reactions, and because there is no consensus, their use has generated ambiguities and confusion when applying them. In this sense, the present work sought to present and differentiate the types of arrows used in Chemistry to provide a better understanding of this symbol in the learning process. Furthermore, a historical overview of the emergence of arrows in the world of chemistry and the process of acceptance as chemical symbolism in chemical reactions is provided. The use of arrows in some chemical phenomena (e.g., resonance, tautomerism, symmetry operations, and movement of electrons) is also detailed. This work reflects that arrows, as chemical symbolism, require an increasingly concrete standardized notation system to avoid ambiguities of concepts. Finally, when using them, let us consider why the arrow is being symbolized and, above all, what is the scientific concept behind its symbolism. SYMBOLISM textbooks horizontal curved vertical civilizations compounds functions consensus them sense Furthermore provided e.g., eg e g (e.g. resonance tautomerism operations electrons detailed concepts Finally all e.g. (e.g e.g

ABSTRACT Soil legacy data is past information on soils available from various sources (e.g. survey reports and maps). When compiled and organized, data obtained through historical retrieval can be used as basic input or validation data for digital soil mapping. A bibliometric analysis of this topic can reveal research patterns, evolution, and scientific contribution, thus mapping the science produced in a specific period and determining the trend in research topics based on search terms. This article presents the characterization of international scientific production on soil legacy data using a set of bibliometric indicators. The study was developed with the bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus data platforms regarding the use of soil legacy data published online from 1979 to 2022. The following were extracted from the articles: authors and co-authors, year and country of publication, index words used, and abstracts, which were submitted to bibliometric analysis in R. Bibliometric analysis revealed publication of 242 scientific articles in 117 journals involving 1223 authors throughout the world in the last 43 years, with an average frequency of 12.66 citations per article. Australia (10.33 %), the USA (8.68 %), and Brazil (7.85 %) were the countries with the greatest scientific contributions. The most cited studies refer to databases, demonstrating the ease of access to information contributes significantly to new local studies. Due to pedometrics importance for soil science, there is constant revision to available legacy data for new hypotheses and research in soil science. And also, for the monitoring of soil attributes for the conservation and preservation of natural resources. e.g. eg e g (e.g maps. maps . maps) organized patterns evolution contribution terms indicators 197 2022 coauthors, coauthors co authors, co-authors abstracts R 24 11 122 4 years 1266 12 66 12.6 10.33 1033 10 33 (10.3 %, % , 8.68 868 8 68 (8.6 7.85 785 7 85 (7.8 contributions databases also resources e.g 19 202 2 1 126 6 12. 10.3 103 3 (10. 8.6 86 (8. 7.8 78 (7. 20 10. (10 8. (8 7. (7 (1 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effects on peripheral neural regeneration of the end-to-side embracing repair technique compared to the autograft repair technique in Wistar rats. Methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into three groups with five animals each: denervated group (GD), autograft group (GA), and embracing group (EG). For the evaluation, the grasping test, electroneuromyography (ENMG), and muscle weight assessment were used. Results: Muscle weight assessment and ENMG did not show significant neural regeneration at the end of 12 weeks in the DG and GE groups, but only in GA. The grasping test showed an increase in strength between the surgery and the fourth week in all groups, and only the GA maintained this trend until the 12th week. Conclusions: The present study indicates that the neural regeneration observed in the end-to-side embracing neurorrhaphy technique, in the repair of segmental neural loss, is inferior to autograft repair in Wistar rats. Purpose endtoside side Methods each GD, GD , (GD) GA, (GA) EG. EG . (EG) evaluation ENMG, (ENMG) used Results 1 th Conclusions loss (GD (GA (EG (ENMG

ABSTRACT Objective: The search for market expansion challenges Brazilian craft breweries. Based on coopetition strategies, many join in seeking to overcome these challenges. The challenge for gypsy breweries is even more significant, as they must produce beer in a non-gypsy brewery. Some tensions emerge from this relationship, such as space availability and costs. Methods: From the actor-network theory, we analyze the relationship between gypsy and non-gypsy breweries, deepening the analysis of their tensions. Based on a case study with craft breweries in Rio de Janeiro State. Results: As the results highlighted, the tension between them starts at a level not mentioned in the literature on coopetition. Conclusions: This extension expands the existing literature on coopetition by highlighting the influence of nonhuman elements (e.g., factory, resources, equipment, and operations) in shaping inter-organizational relationships, with the factory being the main generator of this tension. The study offers insights into how actors (human and nonhuman) navigate, interact, and negotiate tensions to achieve mutual goals. By applying ANT to analyze coopetition dynamics, the study contributes to the theoretical framework by demonstrating how this approach can enhance understanding of complex mechanisms, processes, and relationships through which coopetition dynamics unfold in practice. Objective strategies significant nongypsy non brewery costs Methods actornetwork actor network theory State Results highlighted Conclusions e.g., eg e g (e.g. resources equipment operations interorganizational inter organizational human navigate interact goals mechanisms processes practice e.g. (e.g e.g

Abstract The inclinometer probe is used to measure angle variations along a soil profile. These variations can be transformed into horizontal displacements along the profile depth, enabling the understanding of the deformation of geotechnical structures (e.g., tailings dams, embankment dams, rockfill dams, and excavations) and natural slopes. Such knowledge can guide preventive and corrective actions and mitigation measures to reduce the severity of socioeconomic and environmental impacts. In this study, a low-cost, reduced-dimension inclinometer probe was developed and validated. Accessible technologies (MEMS inclinometer sensor, microprocessor, logic level converters, communication module, and other electronic components) were used for the probe. The sensor reading programming was developed using Python language and interpreted using an Excel spreadsheet. The probe was calibrated on a three-dimensional measurement table with the aid of a mechanical device to stabilize its inclination and validated by comparison of its output with those of a commercial probe. The probe had a lower cost than commercial probes and generated similar readings, although the reading time was longer due to the increased number of measurements required. depth e.g., eg e g (e.g. dams excavations slopes impacts study lowcost, lowcost low cost, low-cost reduceddimension reduced dimension MEMS microprocessor converters module components spreadsheet threedimensional three dimensional readings required e.g. (e.g e.g

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of endodontic treatment with photobiomodulation on oral health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Material and Methods: Seventy participants with single-rooted teeth and a diagnosis of asymptomatic apical periodontitis were selected and randomized into two groups: control group (CG, n = 35), root canal treatment without additional treatment, and experimental group (EG, n = 35), root canal treatment associated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and low-level laser therapy. OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP-14) at baseline and 7 and 30 days after treatment. Data were subjected to Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney tests, and linear regression using the generalized estimating equation model, using the Statistical Package for Social Science software with a significance level of 5%. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between groups regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (p>0.05). There was also no difference in the OHRQoL between the CG and EG (p>0.05). However, there was a statistical difference in OHIP-14 scores between baseline and the 7- and 30-day follow-up intervals in both groups for all domains (p<0.05). Conclusion: Root canal treatment, with or without photobiomodulation, significantly improved the OHRQoL of participants after 7 and 30 days of treatment. Objective healthrelated health related HRQoL. HRQoL . (HRQoL) Methods singlerooted single rooted CG, (CG 35, 35 , 35) EG, (EG lowlevel low OHIP14 OHIP 14 (OHIP-14 3 Wilcoxon MannWhitney Mann Whitney tests model 5 5% Results p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 0 05 (p>0.05) However OHIP-1 30day day followup follow up p<0.05. p<0.05 (p<0.05) Conclusion (HRQoL OHIP1 1 (OHIP-1 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 OHIP- p<0.0 (p<0.05 (OHIP- p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 (OHIP p>0 (p>0. p<0 (p<0. p> (p>0 p< (p<0 (p> (p< (p

Resumo Introdução: A insuficiência venosa crônica (IVC) é uma alteração no sistema venoso que pode ser causada por disfunção na musculatura do tríceps sural. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito agudo da eletroestimulação neuromuscular e da cinesioterapia sobre a flexibilidade articular do tornozelo, radiação infravermelha e força do tríceps sural de indivíduos com IVC. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo comparativo, no qual foram avaliadas a flexibilidade do tornozelo, força de dorsiflexão e flexão plantar e variações térmicas da panturilha. Realizou-se uma sessão de eletroestimulação (corrente Aussie de 1kHz, burst = 2ms) no membro inferior direito (GE - grupo eletroestimulação) e cinesioterapia no membro inferior esquerdo (GC - grupo cinesioterapia), com alongmentos e exercícios metabólicos envolvendo o tornozelo. Resultados: Foram avaliados 19 pacientes do sexo feminino. A análise da flexibilidade do tornozelo não demonstrou alterações significantes. Na avaliação da força muscular não houve diferença intergrupos e na avaliação intragrupos apenas o GC apresentou aumento para dorsiflexão (antes do tratamento: 11,6 ± 3,5; 24h após: 13,5 ± 3,0; p = 0,02), e para flexão plantar (antes: 11,8 ± 6,3; 24h após: 14,4 ± 5,06; p = 0,04). Em relação à termografia, não houve diferença intragrupo, enquanto na avaliação intergrupo o GC apresentou aumento da temperatura imediatamente e 24h após (0,44 ± 0,68, p = 0,01 e 0,25 ± 0,83, p = 0,07, respectivamente). Quando analisada a correlação entre força de dorsiflexão e flexão plantar de ambos os membros inferiores com a amplitude do arco total do tornozelo direito e esquerdo, observou-se correlação positiva apenas entre a força de flexão plantar imediatamente após e 24h após com com amplitude de movimento e tornozelo no GC (r = 0,49, p = 0,03 e r = 0,51, p = 0,03, respectivamente). Conclusão: Não houve diferenças significantes entre a cinesioterapia e a eletroterapia quando analisada a flexibilidade e força muscular, porém a cinesioterapia foi superior no incremento de temperatura da panturrilha antes e após 24h da intervenção. Introdução IVC (IVC Objetivo Métodos Tratase Trata se comparativo panturilha Realizouse Realizou corrente 1kHz kHz 2ms ms GE cinesioterapia, , cinesioterapia) Resultados 1 feminino tratamento 116 11 6 11, 3,5 35 3 5 h 135 13 13, 3,0 30 0 0,02, 002 0,02 02 0,02) 118 8 6,3 63 144 14 4 14, 5,06 506 06 0,04. 004 0,04 . 04 0,04) termografia intragrupo 0,44 044 44 (0,4 068 68 0,68 001 01 0,0 025 25 0,2 083 83 0,83 007 07 0,07 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) observouse observou 049 49 0,49 003 03 051 51 0,51 Conclusão intervenção 3, 00 6, 5,0 50 0,4 (0, 0,6 0, 2 08 0,8 05 0,5 5, (0 (

Abstract Introduction: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a change in the venous system that can be caused by dysfunction in the triceps surae muscles. Objective: To evaluate the acute effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and kinesio-therapy on ankle joint flexibility, infrared radiation and triceps surae strength in individuals with CVI. Methods: We conducted a comparative study, in which ankle flexibility, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion strength and thermal variations of the calf were evaluated. An electrical stimulation session (1 kHz Aussie current with burst = 2 ms) was performed on the right lower limb (EG - electrostimulation group) and kinesio-therapy on the lower limb left (KG - kinesiotherapy group), with stretching and metabolic exercises involving the ankle. Results: Nineteen female patients were evaluated. Analysis of ankle flexibility did not demonstrate significant changes. In the assessment of muscle strength, there was no difference between groups, and in the intragroup assessment, only KG showed an increase for dorsiflexion (before treatment: 11.6 ± 3.5; 24 h after: 13.5 ± 3.0; p = 0.02), and for plantar flexion (before: 11.8 ± 6.3; 24 h later: 14.4 ± 5.06; p = 0.04). Regarding thermography, there was no intragroup difference, while in the intergroup assessment, KG showed an increase in temperature immediately and 24 h later (0.44 ± 0.68, p = 0.01 and 0.25 ± 0.83, p = 0.07, respectively). When analyzing the correlation between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion strength of both lower limbs with total range of motion of the right and left ankle, a positive correlation was observed only between the plantar flexion strength immediately after and 24 h later with range of motion and ankle in KG (r = 0.49, p = 0.03 and r = 0.51, p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: There were no significant differences between kinesiotherapy and electrotherapy when analyzing joint flexibility and muscle strength, but kinesiotherapy was superior in increasing calf temperature before and after 24 h of intervention. Introduction CVI (CVI muscles Objective kinesio therapy Methods study evaluated 1 ( ms EG group group, , Results changes groups treatment 116 11 6 11. 3.5 35 3 5 135 13 13. 3.0 30 0 0.02, 002 0.02 02 0.02) 118 8 6.3 63 144 14 4 14. 5.06 506 06 0.04. 004 0.04 . 04 0.04) thermography 0.44 044 44 (0.4 068 68 0.68 001 01 0.0 025 25 0.2 083 83 0.83 007 07 0.07 respectively. respectively respectively) 049 49 0.49 003 03 051 51 0.51 Conclusion intervention 3. 00 6. 5.0 50 0.4 (0. 0.6 0. 08 0.8 05 0.5 5. (0

Resumo Terminalia argentea, árvore nativa do Brasil, é muito utilizada no paisagismo, na recuperação de áreas degradadas, sua madeira na produção de carvão e o extrato da casca ou das folhas tem uso medicinal. Apesar de sua importância, a fauna de artrópodes associada a esta planta e suas relações interespecíficas ainda carecem de estudos mais aprofundados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar os artrópodes, seus índices ecológicos e a distribuição nas faces foliares de mudas de T. argentea. O número de insetos fitófagos (ex.: Cephalocoema sp.), polinizadores (ex.: Tetragonisca angustula), e inimigos naturais (ex.: Oxyopidae), e seus índices ecológicos (ex.: riqueza de espécies), foram maiores nas faces adaxiais das folhas das mudas de T. argentea. Foi observada uma distribuição agregada de insetos fitófagos (ex.: Aphis spiraecola), polinizadores (ex.: Trigona spinipes) e inimigos naturais (ex.: Camponotus sp.) em mudas de T. argentea. A abundância, diversidade e riqueza de espécies de inimigos naturais correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com as de insetos fitófagos e polinizadores. Os predadores e as formigas cuidadoras seguiram as suas presas e os insetos sugadores, respectivamente. As formigas cuidadoras protegeram os insetos sugadores contra os predadores e reduziram os insetos mastigadores. O elevado número de Cephalocoema sp. em mudas de T. argentea é um problema, pois esse inseto pode se alimentar de folhas dessa planta, mas sua preferência pela face adaxial da folha favorece seu controle. O comportamento de agregação de artrópodes em mudas de T. argentea favorece o controle de potenciais pragas dessa planta. Parece haver competição entre as formigas cuidadoras por espaço e recursos alimentares nas mudas de T. argentea. Brasil paisagismo degradadas medicinal importância aprofundados T ex. ex (ex. sp., sp , angustula, angustula angustula) Oxyopidae, Oxyopidae Oxyopidae) espécies, espécies) spiraecola, spiraecola spiraecola) spinipes abundância correlacionaramse, correlacionaramse correlacionaram se, correlacionaram-se positivamente respectivamente mastigadores problema (ex

Abstract Terminalia argentea tree, native to Brazil, is widely used in landscaping, recovering degraded areas, its wood, coal production, and the bark or leaf extracts has medicinal use. Despite of its importance, the arthropod fauna associated to this plant and its interspecific relationships still needs further studies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the arthropods, their ecological indices and the distribution in the leaf faces on T. argentea saplings. The numbers of phytophagous insects (e.g., Cephalocoema sp.), pollinators (e.g., Tetragonisca angustula), and natural enemies (e.g., Oxyopidae), and their ecological indices (e.g., species richness), were higher on the adaxial leaf faces on T. argentea saplings. Aggregated distribution of phytophagous insects (e.g., Aphis spiraecola), pollinators (e.g., Trigona spinipes), and natural enemies (e.g., Camponotus sp.) on T. argentea saplings was observed. Abundance, diversity, and species richness of natural enemies correlated, positively, with those of phytophagous and pollinators insects. Predators and tending ants followed their prey and sucking insects, respectively. Tending ants protected sucking insects against predators, and reduced chewing insects. The high number of Cephalocoema sp. on T. argentea saplings is a problem, because this insect can feed on leaves of this plant, but its preference for the adaxial leaf face favors its control. The aggregation behavior of arthropods on T. argentea saplings favors the control of potential pests of this plant. There seems to be competition between tending ants for space and food resources on T. argentea saplings. tree Brazil landscaping areas wood production use importance studies T e.g., eg e g (e.g. sp., sp , angustula, angustula angustula) Oxyopidae, Oxyopidae Oxyopidae) richness, richness) spiraecola, spiraecola spiraecola) spinipes, spinipes spinipes) observed Abundance diversity correlated positively respectively predators problem e.g. (e.g e.g

Resumo A vespa-da-galha, Leptocybe invasa, representa uma ameaça global significativa para o cultivo de Eucalyptus, causando consideráveis prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi diferenciar entre genótipos resistentes e suscetíveis por meio de características morfológicas, usando análise de imagem com base nos danos causados pela vespa-da-galha. Além disso, sequências de consenso derivadas de elementos transponíveis (TEs) e do genoma de Eucalyptus spp. foram identificadas por análise in silico. Outro objetivo foi discriminar genótipos de Eucalyptus em resposta a L. invasa, por meio de análises moleculares envolvendo elementos transponíveis e marcadores de sequências simples intercaladas (ISSR). Para a análise de imagem, o sistema GroundEye® foi utilizado para coletar imagens de 60 folhas de seis genótipos, sendo três resistentes e três suscetíveis. Sequências de Eucalyptus spp. foram obtidas do banco de dados GenBank por análise in silico, e alinhamentos de sequências em pares com sequências de TE foram conduzidos usando o BLASTN. Alinhamento de múltiplas sequências foi realizado com Clustal Omega, seguido pela identificação de regiões conservadas no Jalview. Uma assinatura de motivo foi gerada usando o Weblogo. Para a caracterização molecular usando marcadores ISSR e TEs, amostras de folhas jovens foram obtidas de um total de 80 mudas de Eucalyptus, das quais 50 foram classificadas como resistentes e 30 como suscetíveis a L. invasa. Foi possível distinguir genótipos suscetíveis e resistentes à vespa-das-galhas por meio da análise de imagem. A análise in silico permitiu a identificação de regiões conservadas no genoma de Eucalyptus spp., associadas a proteínas envolvidas na produção de metabólitos secundários, como terpenos, que desempenham um papel na resposta a L. invasa. A capacidade de discriminação de TEs e iniciadores ISSR foi demonstrada, e bandas foram geradas que poderiam ser usadas para identificar genótipos resistentes. No entanto, sugere-se aumentar o número de marcadores necessários para discriminar genótipos em ambos os casos. vespadagalha, vespadagalha vespa galha, galha vespa-da-galha invasa econômicos morfológicas vespadagalha. galha. disso (TEs spp L ISSR. . (ISSR) GroundEye 6 BLASTN Omega Jalview Weblogo 8 5 3 vespadasgalhas galhas secundários terpenos demonstrada entanto sugerese sugere se casos (ISSR

Abstract The gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa, poses a significant global threat to Eucalyptus cultivation, by causing substantial economic losses. The objective of this study was to differentiate between resistant and susceptible genotypes by morphological characteristics using image analysis based on the damage caused by the gall wasp. In addition, consensus sequences derived from transposable elements (TEs) and the genome of Eucalyptus spp. Were identified by in silico analysis. Furthermore, another objective was to discriminate Eucalyptus genotypes in response to Leptocybe invasa by conducting molecular analyses involving transposable elements and inter simple sequence markers. For image analysis, the GroundEye ® system was used to collect images of 60 leaves from six genotypes, three of which were resistant and three susceptible. Eucalyptus spp. sequences were obtained from the GenBank database by in silico analysis and pairwise alignments with TE sequences were conducted using BLASTN. Multiple sequence alignment was performed with Clustal Omega, followed by the identification of conserved regions in Jalview. A motif signature was generated using Weblogo. For molecular characterization using ISSR markers and TEs, samples of young leaves were obtained from a total of 80 Eucalyptus seedlings, of which 50 were classified as resistant and 30 as susceptible to L. invasa. It was possible to distinguish gall wasp susceptible and resistant genotypes by image analysis. In silico analysis enabled the identification of conserved regions in the Eucalyptus spp. genome, which were associated with proteins involved in secondary metabolite production, e.g., terpenes, which play a role in the response to L. invasa. The discrimination capacity of TEs and ISSR primers was demonstrated and bands were generated that could be used to identify resistant genotypes. However, increasing the number of markers required to discriminate genotypes in both cases is suggested. cultivation losses addition (TEs spp Furthermore 6 BLASTN Omega Jalview Weblogo 8 seedlings 5 3 L production eg e g e.g. terpenes However suggested e.g