ABSTRACT Grain losses pose a threat to agricultural sustainability, particularly in developing countries. Mechanized harvesting is a key process in which losses occur; thus, its investigation is essential. Therefore, a systematic and meta-analytical review was conducted to encompass studies on quantitative soybean losses during harvesting in South America from the last two decades. The initial search yielded 1,094 scientific articles; however, only 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. This study provides an overview of technical aspects monitored on farms, guidelines to ensure efficient harvesting and literature gaps for further innovations. Because studies on soybean losses were predominantly based on continuous observational data and lacked methodological quality according to a quality scoring, only four studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed a significant relation between losses and the combine age, indicating that combines with over 10 years of use result in higher losses than newer ones (p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, operating at speeds exceeding 5 km h-1 did not lead to significant increases in soybean losses (p > 0.05). Many decisions can be taken at the farm-level to reduce losses, such as proper training of workers and adequation of combine harvesters according to each crop condition. The insights described here are timely for paving the way towards innovation in harvesting systems and minimizing grain losses by understanding the critical points within the context improving yields during soybean harvesting. sustainability countries occur thus essential Therefore metaanalytical meta analytical decades 1094 1 094 1,09 articles however 2 criteria farms innovations scoring metaanalysis. metaanalysis analysis. analysis age p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) Conversely h1 h h- farmlevel farm level condition 109 09 1,0 00 0.0 1, 0.

RESUMO As perdas de grãos ameaçam a sustentabilidade na agricultura, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento. A colheita mecanizada é um importante estágio em que as perdas ocorrem, sendo crucial investigá-la. Portanto, uma revisão sistemática e meta-analítica foi conduzida para analisar estudos das últimas duas décadas no tema de perdas quantitativas de soja durante a colheita mecanizada na América do Sul. A pesquisa inicial resultou em 1094 artigos científicos, entretanto, apenas 25 estudos foram selecionados devido ao critério de inclusão estabelecido. Essa revisão descreve uma visão ampla dos aspectos técnicos monitorados no campo, instruções para garantir uma colheita eficiente e lacunas da literatura para futuras inovações. Os estudos foram predominantemente baseados em dados contínuos e observacionais, além de possuírem falhas metodológicas de acordo com uma pontuação qualitativa. Assim, apenas quatro estudos foram incluídos na meta-análise. Os resultados mostraram uma relação significativa entre perdas relacionadas à idade da máquina, indicando que colhedoras com mais de 10 anos de uso produziram perdas maiores que as novas (p ≤ 0.05). Por outro lado, operar em velocidades maiores que 5 km h-1 não levou a um aumento significativo das perdas de grãos (p > 0.05). No campo, muitas decisões podem ser tomadas para reduzir as perdas, e.g., treinar operadores e configurar a colhedora de acordo com as condições da lavoura. As discussões apresentadas nessa revisão são importantes para guiar as inovações em sistemas de colheita e diminuir as perdas de grãos ao entender os pontos críticos em um conceito de maior lucratividade durante o processo. agricultura desenvolvimento ocorrem investigála. investigála investigá la. la investigá-la Portanto metaanalítica meta analítica Sul 109 científicos entretanto 2 estabelecido campo observacionais qualitativa Assim metaanálise. metaanálise análise. análise meta-análise máquina 1 p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) lado h1 h h- eg g e.g. lavoura processo 00 0.0 e.g 0.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the possibility of using golf as a metaphor for teaching finance. Study reports on a pilot experience of teaching finance using golf as a metaphor.Golf can be a means of promoting the engagement of finance students. Theoretical framework: a normative and positive economic decision theory is used as a framework. Sports can be a means of engaging students in finance education programs. Golf, in particular, can fulfill this role and serve as a powerful tool for building and maintaining social networks relevant to high-level professionals. Methods: thirty undergraduate students voluntarily participated in a pilot teaching program over five days. The program included sessions (in the field) on the fundamentals of golf and financial decisions, and students looked for synergies between these two domains. Participants showed a high level of interest in both the sports practice sessions and the finance activities. Results: the results suggest that psychological errors common to golf and financial behavior-for example, overoptimism, overconfidence, and emotional judgments-can be diagnosed and addressed through sports practice. In addition, the participants’ self-assessment indicates the possibility that the program can induce behaviors in line with the corporate environment. Conclusions: Despite golf’s contribution to the teaching of business subjects, it is still absent from formal curricula. metaphorGolf Golf framework programs particular highlevel professionals Methods days field decisions domains activities Results behaviorfor behavior example overoptimism overconfidence judgmentscan judgments addition participants selfassessment self assessment environment Conclusions golfs s subjects curricula

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a possibilidade do emprego do golfe como metáfora para o ensino de finanças. Este estudo relata uma experiência piloto de ensino de finanças com o emprego da prática do golfe como metáfora. O golfe pode ser um meio para promover o engajamento de estudantes de finanças. Marco teórico: teoria normativa e positiva da decisão econômica. A prática esportiva pode ser um meio de engajar estudantes em programas de ensino de finanças. O golfe, em especial, pode desempenhar esse papel, além de constituir uma poderosa ferramenta de construção e manutenção de redes sociais relevantes ao profissional de alto nível. Métodos: trinta estudantes, em nível de graduação, voluntariamente inscritos participaram do programa piloto de ensino ao longo de cinco dias, com sessões (em campo) de fundamentos do golfe e de decisões financeiras, buscando sinergias entre esses dois domínios. Constata-se o interesse elevado dos participantes tanto nas sessões de prática esportiva como nas atividades de finanças. Resultados: os resultados sugerem que erros psicológicos comuns ao golfe e ao comportamento financeiro, e.g., excesso de otimismo, excesso de confiança e julgamentos emocionais, podem ser diagnosticados e endereçados por meio da prática esportiva. Em adição, a autoavaliação realizada pelos participantes sugere a possibilidade de que o programa possa induzir comportamentos alinhados com o ambiente corporativo. Conclusões: em que pese a contribuição do golfe para o ensino de disciplinas da área de negócios, ele ainda é ausente dos currículos formais. Objetivo teórico econômica especial papel Métodos graduação dias campo financeiras domínios Constatase Constata se Resultados financeiro eg g e.g. otimismo emocionais adição corporativo Conclusões negócios formais e.g

ABSTRACT Soil legacy data is past information on soils available from various sources (e.g. survey reports and maps). When compiled and organized, data obtained through historical retrieval can be used as basic input or validation data for digital soil mapping. A bibliometric analysis of this topic can reveal research patterns, evolution, and scientific contribution, thus mapping the science produced in a specific period and determining the trend in research topics based on search terms. This article presents the characterization of international scientific production on soil legacy data using a set of bibliometric indicators. The study was developed with the bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus data platforms regarding the use of soil legacy data published online from 1979 to 2022. The following were extracted from the articles: authors and co-authors, year and country of publication, index words used, and abstracts, which were submitted to bibliometric analysis in R. Bibliometric analysis revealed publication of 242 scientific articles in 117 journals involving 1223 authors throughout the world in the last 43 years, with an average frequency of 12.66 citations per article. Australia (10.33 %), the USA (8.68 %), and Brazil (7.85 %) were the countries with the greatest scientific contributions. The most cited studies refer to databases, demonstrating the ease of access to information contributes significantly to new local studies. Due to pedometrics importance for soil science, there is constant revision to available legacy data for new hypotheses and research in soil science. And also, for the monitoring of soil attributes for the conservation and preservation of natural resources. e.g. eg e g (e.g maps. maps . maps) organized patterns evolution contribution terms indicators 197 2022 coauthors, coauthors co authors, co-authors abstracts R 24 11 122 4 years 1266 12 66 12.6 10.33 1033 10 33 (10.3 %, % , 8.68 868 8 68 (8.6 7.85 785 7 85 (7.8 contributions databases also resources e.g 19 202 2 1 126 6 12. 10.3 103 3 (10. 8.6 86 (8. 7.8 78 (7. 20 10. (10 8. (8 7. (7 (1 (

USE OF ARROWS IN THE CONTEXT OF LEARNING IN CHEMISTRY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF ITS SYMBOLISM. The representation of arrows in Chemistry learning is routinely applied in classrooms and textbooks. Arrows of different shapes like horizontal, curved, vertical, or wavy have been used as symbols since the beginning of ancient civilizations, representing elements or compounds. The arrow is one of the most used symbols in Chemistry, as different types have presented different functions, especially in chemical reactions, and because there is no consensus, their use has generated ambiguities and confusion when applying them. In this sense, the present work sought to present and differentiate the types of arrows used in Chemistry to provide a better understanding of this symbol in the learning process. Furthermore, a historical overview of the emergence of arrows in the world of chemistry and the process of acceptance as chemical symbolism in chemical reactions is provided. The use of arrows in some chemical phenomena (e.g., resonance, tautomerism, symmetry operations, and movement of electrons) is also detailed. This work reflects that arrows, as chemical symbolism, require an increasingly concrete standardized notation system to avoid ambiguities of concepts. Finally, when using them, let us consider why the arrow is being symbolized and, above all, what is the scientific concept behind its symbolism. SYMBOLISM textbooks horizontal curved vertical civilizations compounds functions consensus them sense Furthermore provided e.g., eg e g (e.g. resonance tautomerism operations electrons detailed concepts Finally all e.g. (e.g e.g

Abstract Objectives: to assess the association between pregnant women’s consumption of ultra-processed foods and newborn body weight. Methods: prospective study with pregnant women (n=214) selected from all Basic Health Units in the city of Pinhais, Paraná. Socioeconomic, demographic, and health data were collected. Food consumption data were assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall and tabulated with GloboDiet software. Daily relative energy intake of ultra-processed food was estimated and logistic regression analysis was utilized. The infuence of covariates on the association analysis was also explored (e.g., income and education). Results: ultra-processed foods contributed to 26.9% of pregnant women’s total energy intake. About 5.7% of newborns were classifed as small-for-gestational-age and 10.7% as large-for-gestational-age. A borderline statistically signifcant association was observed between large-for-gestational-age newborn weight and maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR= 1.027; p=0.048). Additionally, family income was associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR= 0.144; p=0.008). With each additional 1% consumption of ultra-processed foods, mothers’ likelihood of having large-for-gestational-age babies increased by about 2.7%. Conclusions: the study reveals a trend of positive association between the weight of large-for-gestational-age newborns and the consumption of ultra-processed foods by pregnant women, but not for small-for-gestational-age children. Objectives womens s ultraprocessed ultra processed Methods n=214 n214 n 214 (n=214 Pinhais Paraná Socioeconomic demographic collected 24hour hour 24 software utilized e.g., eg e g (e.g. education. education . education) Results 269 26 9 26.9 57 5 7 5.7 smallforgestationalage small gestational age 107 10 10.7 largeforgestationalage. largeforgestationalage large age. OR= OR (OR 1.027 1027 1 027 p=0.048. p0048 p p=0.048 0 048 p=0.048) Additionally 0.144 0144 144 p=0.008. p0008 p=0.008 008 p=0.008) mothers 27 2 2.7% Conclusions children n=21 n21 21 (n=21 e.g. (e.g 26. 5. 10. 1.02 102 02 p004 p=0.04 04 0.14 014 14 p000 p=0.00 00 2.7 n=2 n2 (n=2 e.g 1.0 p00 p=0.0 0.1 01 2. n= (n= 1. p0 p=0. 0. (n p=0 p=

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por gestantes e o peso de recém-nascidos. Métodos: estudo prospectivo com gestantes (n=214) selecionadas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde em Pinhais, Paraná. Dados socioeconômicos, demográfcos e de saúde foram coletados. Dados de consumo alimentar foram coletados por recordatório de 24-horas físico e entrados no software GloboDiet. O consumo diário relativo de energia proveniente de alimentos ultraprocessados foi estimado e a análise de regressão logística foi utilizada, considerando covariáveis como renda familiar e escolaridade. Resultados: o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados pelas gestantes representou 26,9% da energia total. Cerca de 5,7% de recém-nascidos foram classifcados como pequenos para idade gestacional (PIG) e 10,7% como grandes para idade gestacional (GIG). Foi observada uma associação estatisticamente signifcativa limítrofe entre o peso dos recém-nascidos GIG e o consumo materno de alimentos ultraprocessados (OR= 1,027; p=0,048). Além disso, a renda familiar esteve associada com o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (OR=0,144; p=0,008). A cada 1% adicional de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, a probabilidade de as mães terem recém-nascidos GIG aumentou cerca de 2,7%. Conclusões: o estudo revela uma tendência de associação positiva entre o peso de recém-nascidos GIG e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por mulheres grávidas, mas não para crianças PIG. Objetivos recémnascidos. recémnascidos recém nascidos. nascidos Métodos n=214 n214 n 214 (n=214 Pinhais Paraná socioeconômicos 24horas horas 24 GloboDiet utilizada escolaridade Resultados 269 26 9 26,9 total 57 5 7 5,7 PIG (PIG 107 10 10,7 GIG. . (GIG) OR= OR (OR 1,027 1027 1 027 p=0,048. p0048 p p=0,048 0 048 p=0,048) disso OR=0,144 OR0144 144 (OR=0,144 p=0,008. p0008 p=0,008 008 p=0,008) 27 2 2,7% Conclusões grávidas n=21 n21 21 (n=21 26, 5, 10, (GIG 1,02 102 02 p004 p=0,04 04 OR=0,14 OR014 14 (OR=0,14 p000 p=0,00 00 2,7 n=2 n2 (n=2 1,0 p00 p=0,0 OR=0,1 OR01 (OR=0,1 2, n= (n= 1, p0 p=0, OR=0, OR0 (OR=0, (n p=0 OR=0 (OR=0 p=

ABSTRACT Objective: The search for market expansion challenges Brazilian craft breweries. Based on coopetition strategies, many join in seeking to overcome these challenges. The challenge for gypsy breweries is even more significant, as they must produce beer in a non-gypsy brewery. Some tensions emerge from this relationship, such as space availability and costs. Methods: From the actor-network theory, we analyze the relationship between gypsy and non-gypsy breweries, deepening the analysis of their tensions. Based on a case study with craft breweries in Rio de Janeiro State. Results: As the results highlighted, the tension between them starts at a level not mentioned in the literature on coopetition. Conclusions: This extension expands the existing literature on coopetition by highlighting the influence of nonhuman elements (e.g., factory, resources, equipment, and operations) in shaping inter-organizational relationships, with the factory being the main generator of this tension. The study offers insights into how actors (human and nonhuman) navigate, interact, and negotiate tensions to achieve mutual goals. By applying ANT to analyze coopetition dynamics, the study contributes to the theoretical framework by demonstrating how this approach can enhance understanding of complex mechanisms, processes, and relationships through which coopetition dynamics unfold in practice. Objective strategies significant nongypsy non brewery costs Methods actornetwork actor network theory State Results highlighted Conclusions e.g., eg e g (e.g. resources equipment operations interorganizational inter organizational human navigate interact goals mechanisms processes practice e.g. (e.g e.g

Abstract Terminalia argentea tree, native to Brazil, is widely used in landscaping, recovering degraded areas, its wood, coal production, and the bark or leaf extracts has medicinal use. Despite of its importance, the arthropod fauna associated to this plant and its interspecific relationships still needs further studies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the arthropods, their ecological indices and the distribution in the leaf faces on T. argentea saplings. The numbers of phytophagous insects (e.g., Cephalocoema sp.), pollinators (e.g., Tetragonisca angustula), and natural enemies (e.g., Oxyopidae), and their ecological indices (e.g., species richness), were higher on the adaxial leaf faces on T. argentea saplings. Aggregated distribution of phytophagous insects (e.g., Aphis spiraecola), pollinators (e.g., Trigona spinipes), and natural enemies (e.g., Camponotus sp.) on T. argentea saplings was observed. Abundance, diversity, and species richness of natural enemies correlated, positively, with those of phytophagous and pollinators insects. Predators and tending ants followed their prey and sucking insects, respectively. Tending ants protected sucking insects against predators, and reduced chewing insects. The high number of Cephalocoema sp. on T. argentea saplings is a problem, because this insect can feed on leaves of this plant, but its preference for the adaxial leaf face favors its control. The aggregation behavior of arthropods on T. argentea saplings favors the control of potential pests of this plant. There seems to be competition between tending ants for space and food resources on T. argentea saplings. tree Brazil landscaping areas wood production use importance studies T e.g., eg e g (e.g. sp., sp , angustula, angustula angustula) Oxyopidae, Oxyopidae Oxyopidae) richness, richness) spiraecola, spiraecola spiraecola) spinipes, spinipes spinipes) observed Abundance diversity correlated positively respectively predators problem e.g. (e.g e.g

Resumo Terminalia argentea, árvore nativa do Brasil, é muito utilizada no paisagismo, na recuperação de áreas degradadas, sua madeira na produção de carvão e o extrato da casca ou das folhas tem uso medicinal. Apesar de sua importância, a fauna de artrópodes associada a esta planta e suas relações interespecíficas ainda carecem de estudos mais aprofundados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar os artrópodes, seus índices ecológicos e a distribuição nas faces foliares de mudas de T. argentea. O número de insetos fitófagos (ex.: Cephalocoema sp.), polinizadores (ex.: Tetragonisca angustula), e inimigos naturais (ex.: Oxyopidae), e seus índices ecológicos (ex.: riqueza de espécies), foram maiores nas faces adaxiais das folhas das mudas de T. argentea. Foi observada uma distribuição agregada de insetos fitófagos (ex.: Aphis spiraecola), polinizadores (ex.: Trigona spinipes) e inimigos naturais (ex.: Camponotus sp.) em mudas de T. argentea. A abundância, diversidade e riqueza de espécies de inimigos naturais correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com as de insetos fitófagos e polinizadores. Os predadores e as formigas cuidadoras seguiram as suas presas e os insetos sugadores, respectivamente. As formigas cuidadoras protegeram os insetos sugadores contra os predadores e reduziram os insetos mastigadores. O elevado número de Cephalocoema sp. em mudas de T. argentea é um problema, pois esse inseto pode se alimentar de folhas dessa planta, mas sua preferência pela face adaxial da folha favorece seu controle. O comportamento de agregação de artrópodes em mudas de T. argentea favorece o controle de potenciais pragas dessa planta. Parece haver competição entre as formigas cuidadoras por espaço e recursos alimentares nas mudas de T. argentea. Brasil paisagismo degradadas medicinal importância aprofundados T ex. ex (ex. sp., sp , angustula, angustula angustula) Oxyopidae, Oxyopidae Oxyopidae) espécies, espécies) spiraecola, spiraecola spiraecola) spinipes abundância correlacionaramse, correlacionaramse correlacionaram se, correlacionaram-se positivamente respectivamente mastigadores problema (ex

Abstract The gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa, poses a significant global threat to Eucalyptus cultivation, by causing substantial economic losses. The objective of this study was to differentiate between resistant and susceptible genotypes by morphological characteristics using image analysis based on the damage caused by the gall wasp. In addition, consensus sequences derived from transposable elements (TEs) and the genome of Eucalyptus spp. Were identified by in silico analysis. Furthermore, another objective was to discriminate Eucalyptus genotypes in response to Leptocybe invasa by conducting molecular analyses involving transposable elements and inter simple sequence markers. For image analysis, the GroundEye ® system was used to collect images of 60 leaves from six genotypes, three of which were resistant and three susceptible. Eucalyptus spp. sequences were obtained from the GenBank database by in silico analysis and pairwise alignments with TE sequences were conducted using BLASTN. Multiple sequence alignment was performed with Clustal Omega, followed by the identification of conserved regions in Jalview. A motif signature was generated using Weblogo. For molecular characterization using ISSR markers and TEs, samples of young leaves were obtained from a total of 80 Eucalyptus seedlings, of which 50 were classified as resistant and 30 as susceptible to L. invasa. It was possible to distinguish gall wasp susceptible and resistant genotypes by image analysis. In silico analysis enabled the identification of conserved regions in the Eucalyptus spp. genome, which were associated with proteins involved in secondary metabolite production, e.g., terpenes, which play a role in the response to L. invasa. The discrimination capacity of TEs and ISSR primers was demonstrated and bands were generated that could be used to identify resistant genotypes. However, increasing the number of markers required to discriminate genotypes in both cases is suggested. cultivation losses addition (TEs spp Furthermore 6 BLASTN Omega Jalview Weblogo 8 seedlings 5 3 L production eg e g e.g. terpenes However suggested e.g

Resumo A vespa-da-galha, Leptocybe invasa, representa uma ameaça global significativa para o cultivo de Eucalyptus, causando consideráveis prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi diferenciar entre genótipos resistentes e suscetíveis por meio de características morfológicas, usando análise de imagem com base nos danos causados pela vespa-da-galha. Além disso, sequências de consenso derivadas de elementos transponíveis (TEs) e do genoma de Eucalyptus spp. foram identificadas por análise in silico. Outro objetivo foi discriminar genótipos de Eucalyptus em resposta a L. invasa, por meio de análises moleculares envolvendo elementos transponíveis e marcadores de sequências simples intercaladas (ISSR). Para a análise de imagem, o sistema GroundEye® foi utilizado para coletar imagens de 60 folhas de seis genótipos, sendo três resistentes e três suscetíveis. Sequências de Eucalyptus spp. foram obtidas do banco de dados GenBank por análise in silico, e alinhamentos de sequências em pares com sequências de TE foram conduzidos usando o BLASTN. Alinhamento de múltiplas sequências foi realizado com Clustal Omega, seguido pela identificação de regiões conservadas no Jalview. Uma assinatura de motivo foi gerada usando o Weblogo. Para a caracterização molecular usando marcadores ISSR e TEs, amostras de folhas jovens foram obtidas de um total de 80 mudas de Eucalyptus, das quais 50 foram classificadas como resistentes e 30 como suscetíveis a L. invasa. Foi possível distinguir genótipos suscetíveis e resistentes à vespa-das-galhas por meio da análise de imagem. A análise in silico permitiu a identificação de regiões conservadas no genoma de Eucalyptus spp., associadas a proteínas envolvidas na produção de metabólitos secundários, como terpenos, que desempenham um papel na resposta a L. invasa. A capacidade de discriminação de TEs e iniciadores ISSR foi demonstrada, e bandas foram geradas que poderiam ser usadas para identificar genótipos resistentes. No entanto, sugere-se aumentar o número de marcadores necessários para discriminar genótipos em ambos os casos. vespadagalha, vespadagalha vespa galha, galha vespa-da-galha invasa econômicos morfológicas vespadagalha. galha. disso (TEs spp L ISSR. . (ISSR) GroundEye 6 BLASTN Omega Jalview Weblogo 8 5 3 vespadasgalhas galhas secundários terpenos demonstrada entanto sugerese sugere se casos (ISSR

Abstract The inclinometer probe is used to measure angle variations along a soil profile. These variations can be transformed into horizontal displacements along the profile depth, enabling the understanding of the deformation of geotechnical structures (e.g., tailings dams, embankment dams, rockfill dams, and excavations) and natural slopes. Such knowledge can guide preventive and corrective actions and mitigation measures to reduce the severity of socioeconomic and environmental impacts. In this study, a low-cost, reduced-dimension inclinometer probe was developed and validated. Accessible technologies (MEMS inclinometer sensor, microprocessor, logic level converters, communication module, and other electronic components) were used for the probe. The sensor reading programming was developed using Python language and interpreted using an Excel spreadsheet. The probe was calibrated on a three-dimensional measurement table with the aid of a mechanical device to stabilize its inclination and validated by comparison of its output with those of a commercial probe. The probe had a lower cost than commercial probes and generated similar readings, although the reading time was longer due to the increased number of measurements required. depth e.g., eg e g (e.g. dams excavations slopes impacts study lowcost, lowcost low cost, low-cost reduceddimension reduced dimension MEMS microprocessor converters module components spreadsheet threedimensional three dimensional readings required e.g. (e.g e.g

Considering the lack of consensus related to the impact of selective IL-6 receptor inhibition on bone remodeling and the scarcity of reports, especially on large bone defects, this study proposed to evaluate the biological impact of the selective inhibitor of interleukin-6 receptor (tocilizumab) in an experimental model of critical calvarial defect in rats. In this preclinical and in vivo study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=12/group): defect treated with collagen sponge (CG) and defect treated with collagen sponge associated with 2 mg/kg tocilizumab (TCZ). The defect in the parietal bone was created using an 8-mm diameter trephine drill. After 90 days, the animals were euthanized, and tissue samples (skull caps) were evaluated through micro-CT, histological, immunohistochemistry, cytokines, and RT-qPCR analyses. Tocilizumab reduced mononuclear inflammatory infiltration (P<0.05) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels (P<0.01) and down-regulated tissue gene expression of BMP-2 (P<0.001), RUNX-2 (P<0.05), and interleukin (IL)-6 (P<0.05). Moreover, it promoted a stronger immunostaining of cathepsin and RANKL (P<0.05). Micro-CT and histological analyses revealed no impact on general bone formation (P>0.05). The bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes) in the defect area were similar in both groups (P>0.05). Tocilizumab reduced inflammatory cytokines, decreased osteogenic protein, and increased proteases in a critical bone defect in rats. Ninety days after the local application of tocilizumab in the cranial defect, we did not find a significant formation of bone tissue compared with a collagen sponge. IL6 IL 6 IL- reports defects interleukin6 interleukin- (tocilizumab n=12/group n12group ngroup n 12 group (n=12/group) CG (CG mgkg mg kg TCZ. TCZ . (TCZ) 8mm mm 8 drill 9 euthanized skull caps microCT, microCT micro CT, CT micro-CT immunohistochemistry cytokines RTqPCR RT qPCR P<0.05 P005 P 0 05 (P<0.05 TNFα TNF α P<0.01 P001 01 (P<0.01 downregulated down regulated BMP2 BMP BMP- P<0.001, P0001 P<0.001 , 001 (P<0.001) RUNX2 RUNX RUNX- P<0.05, (IL)- P<0.05. Moreover MicroCT Micro P>0.05. P>0.05 (P>0.05) osteoblasts, osteoblasts (osteoblasts osteoclasts osteocytes protein 1 (n=12/group (TCZ P<0.0 P00 (P<0.0 P000 P<0.00 00 (P<0.001 (IL) P>0.0 (P>0.05 P<0. P0 (P<0. (P<0.00 (IL P>0. (P>0.0 P<0 (P<0 P>0 (P>0. P< (P< P> (P>0 (P (P>

ABSTRACT Experiments with artificial nests are widely used to gain insights into the behavioral and ecological factors affecting the survival of natural nests. Undesired effects on nest success may arise from variations in nest and egg characteristics (e.g., dimensions, texture, and color). Still, evaluating these potential factors is seldom considered in the design of artificial nest studies, particularly in tropical regions. We assessed the effect of two nest types (cup-shaped and dome-shaped) and two egg types (differing in size and color) on the survival of artificial nests. The egg types included smaller (22-25 mm), variously colored eggs of blue-breasted quails, Synoicus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) and larger (25-30 mm), white-spotted-with-brown eggs of Japanese quails, Coturnix japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1848. The experiment took place within a coastal shrubland (restinga) in southeastern Brazil, from August 16-31, 2017. This period coincides with the onset of the breeding season for most insectivorous bird species in the region. The nests were observed for 15 days to assess predation, revealing higher survival rates in dome-shaped nests than cup-shaped ones. Egg type, however, did not affect survival rates. This suggests that coastal shrubland nest survival is influenced by factors seen in other Neotropical environments, where dome-shaped nests are likewise less vulnerable to predation. Interestingly, egg color and size did not impact nest predation in this environment. We suggest that future studies on artificial nests should incorporate variations in nest types and validate the selection of egg types. e.g., eg e g (e.g. dimensions texture color. . Still regions cupshaped cup shaped domeshaped dome differing 2225 22 25 (22-2 mm, mm , mm) bluebreasted blue breasted quails Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1766 2530 30 (25-3 whitespottedwithbrown white spotted brown Schlegel 1848 restinga (restinga Brazil 1631, 1631 16 31, 31 16-31 2017 region 1 ones type however environments Interestingly environment e.g. (e.g 222 2 (22- 176 253 3 (25- 184 163 16-3 201 e.g (22 17 (25 18 16- 20 (2 (

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The type of questionnaire that aims to capture a patient’s perception/view of an aspect to be measured (e.g. pain intensity) is called Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM). One of the biggest challenges that clinicians and researchers often face is making a decision about which PROM to use for the assessment of their patient with pain, especially due to the lack of scientific literacy needed to understand the criteria and terms used in the field of measurement properties. Thus, the objectives of this narrative review (part I) were: (I) to introduce basic concepts about PROMs with a focus on the terminology and criteria defined through the COnsensus- based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN), and (2) to describe the measurement properties of the reliability domain. METHODS: This study was produced using a search for articles from the COSMIN initiative. As the subject is very extensive, the authors divided the text into two parts. RESULTS: This study described basic concepts about PROMs (purposes and constructs), the process of cross-cultural adaptation and the measurement properties of the reliability domain (reliability, error measure and internal consistency). In general, an instrument with adequate reliability quality should meet certain criteria, such as: intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.70, error measure < minimal clinically important change and Cronbach’s Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.70. CONCLUSION: The understanding on how to determine the quality of reliability can assist clinicians and researchers in choosing the best PROMs available. A checklist for assessing the quality of the measurement properties of PROMs is described in the part II of the manuscript. OBJECTIVES patients s perceptionview perception view e.g. eg e g (e.g intensity PROM. . (PROM) Thus I were (I COnsensus COSMIN, , (COSMIN) 2 (2 METHODS initiative extensive parts RESULTS purposes constructs, constructs constructs) crosscultural cross cultural reliability, (reliability consistency. consistency consistency) general as 070 0 70 ≥0.70 Cronbachs Cronbach 0.70 CONCLUSION available manuscript e.g (PROM (COSMIN ( 07 7 ≥0.7 0.7 ≥0. 0. ≥0

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O tipo de questionário que pretende captar a percepção/visão de um paciente sobre um aspecto a ser medido (ex: intensidade da dor) é chamado de Instrumento de Medida Baseado no Relato do Paciente (Patient Reported Outcome Measure - PROM). Um dos maiores desafios que clínicos e pesquisadores costumam enfrentar é quanto a tomar uma decisão sobre qual PROM utilizar para a avaliação de seu paciente com dor, especialmente devido à falta do letramento científico necessário para entender os critérios e termos empregados na área de propriedades de medida. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo (parte I) foram: (I) introduzir conceitos básicos sobre PROMs com enfoque na terminologia e critérios definidos através do COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN), e (2) descrever as propriedades de medida do domínio confiabilidade. MÉTODOS: Utilizando uma busca voltada para os artigos da iniciativa COSMIN, foi elaborado este estudo. Sendo o assunto muito extenso, os autores dividiram o texto em duas partes. RESULTADOS: O presente artigo descreveu conceitos básicos sobre PROMs (propósitos e construtos), o processo de adaptação transcultural e as propriedades de medida do domínio confiabilidade (confiabilidade, medida de erro e consistência interna). De forma geral, um instrumento com qualidade adequada de confiabilidade deveria atender a alguns critérios, tais como: coeficiente de correlação intraclasse ≥ 0,70, medida de erro < mínima mudança clinicamente importante e α de Cronbach ≥ 0,70. CONCLUSÃO: O entendimento sobre como determinar a qualidade da propriedade de medida de confiabilidade pode auxiliar os clínicos e pesquisadores na escolha dos melhores PROMs disponíveis. Um checklist para avaliação da qualidade das propriedades de medida de PROMs está descrita na parte II do artigo. OBJETIVOS percepçãovisão percepção visão ex (ex dor Patient PROM. . PROM) Assim I foram (I COnsensusbased COnsensus based COSMIN , (COSMIN) 2 (2 MÉTODOS extenso partes RESULTADOS propósitos construtos, construtos construtos) confiabilidade, (confiabilidade interna. interna interna) geral 070 0 70 0,70 CONCLUSÃO disponíveis (COSMIN ( 07 7 0,7 0,

Résumé Nous analysons comment les émotions sont incorporées au cadrage des médias de masse couvrant des manifestations à travers l'étude d'images publiées. A partir de l’articulation entre les théories de cadrage interprétatif et des émotions dans l’action collective, nous avons construit un modèle d’analyse visuelle fondé sur l’identification des cadrages dominants et les processus de saisie en trois dimensions : techniques photographiques, interactions, et émotions. Ce modèle a été appliqué à la couverture du journal Zero Hora de la manifestation du 20 juin 2013 à Porto Alegre. Les résultats indiquent que le journal incorpore des régimes émotionnels ambivalents : il associe la manifestation à des symboles de grandeur, de patriotisme et de festivité, qui ont tendance à être liés aux émotions morales (par exemple la fierté) et de loyauté et d’engagement (par exemple la confiance); d’autre part, les tactiques « violentes » sont associées au danger/risque et liées aux émotions réflexes (par exemple la peur) et aux émotions morales (par exemple l'indignation). Ces résultats introduisent des éléments visuels et émotionnels à la théorie des cadrages de l’action collective, avec la proposition d’un modèle analytique qui pourra être reproduit dans des études futures. létude l étude dimages d images publiées larticulation articulation laction action collective danalyse analyse lidentification identification photographiques interactions 2 201 Alegre grandeur festivité par fierté dengagement engagement confiance confiance) dautre autre part dangerrisque danger risque peur lindignation. lindignation indignation . l'indignation) dun futures l'indignation

Resumen Analizamos cómo se incorporan las emociones al encuadre de los medios de comunicación corporativos en los eventos de protesta a través del estudio de las imágenes publicadas. A partir de la articulación entre las teorías de encuadre interpretativo y de las emociones en la acción colectiva, se construyó un modelo de análisis visual basado en la identificación de encuadres dominantes y de procesos de refinamiento en tres dimensiones: técnicas fotográficas, interacciones y emociones. El modelo se aplicó a la cobertura del periódico Zero Hora de la protesta del 20 de junio de 2013 en Porto Alegre. Los resultados indican que el periódico incorpora regímenes emocionales ambivalentes: asocia la protesta con símbolos de grandiosidad, patriotismo y festividad, los cuales tienden a estar vinculados a emociones morales (p. ej. orgullo) y lealtad y compromiso (p. ej. confianza); por otro lado, las tácticas “violentas” se asocian con peligro / riesgo y están vinculadas a emociones reflejas (p. ej. miedo) y morales (p. ej. indignación). Esos resultados introducen elementos visuales y emocionales a la teoría de los encuadres de la acción colectiva, con la propuesta de un modelo analítico que podrá replicarse en estudios futuros. publicadas colectiva dimensiones fotográficas 2 201 Alegre ambivalentes grandiosidad festividad p. p (p ej orgullo confianza confianza) lado violentas “violentas miedo indignación. indignación . indignación) futuros

Abstract Through the study of published images, the present work analyzes how emotions are incorporated into mass media framing of protest events. By coordinating interpretive framing and emotion theories, we built a visual analysis model based on the identification of the dominant frames and keying processes in three dimensions: photographic techniques, interactions, and emotions. The model was used to analyze the newspaper Zero Hora’s coverage of the June 20, 2013 protest in Porto Alegre. The results indicate that the periodical incorporates ambivalent emotional regimes. On the one hand, it associates protesting with symbols of grandiosity, patriotism, and festivity, which tend to be related to moral emotions (e.g., pride) and affective commitment or loyalties (e.g., trust); on the other hand, “violent” tactics are associated with danger/risk and linked to reflex emotions (e.g., fear) and moral emotions (e.g., indignation). The model proved to be efficient and can be replicated in future studies. images events theories dimensions techniques interactions Horas Hora s 20 201 Alegre regimes hand grandiosity patriotism festivity e.g., eg e g (e.g. pride trust trust) violent “violent dangerrisk danger risk fear indignation. indignation . indignation) studies 2 e.g. (e.g e.g

Este artigo analisa como as emoções são incorporadas ao enquadramento pela mídia corporativa de eventos de protesto por meio do estudo de imagens. A partir da articulação entre as teorias do enquadramento interpretativo e das emoções na ação coletiva, construiu-se um modelo de análise visual baseado na identificação dos quadros dominantes e dos processos de refinamento do olhar em três dimensões: técnicas fotográficas, interações e emoções. O modelo foi aplicado à cobertura do jornal Zero Hora ao protesto de 20 de junho de 2013 em Porto Alegre. Os resultados indicam que o jornal incorpora regimes emocionais ambivalentes: associa o protesto a símbolos de grandiosidade, patriotismo e festividade, os quais tendem a vincular-se a emoções morais (ex.: orgulho) e de lealdade e compromisso (ex.: confiança); por outro lado, táticas “violentas” são associadas a perigo/risco, ligadas a emoções reflexas (ex.: medo) e morais (ex.: indignação). Tais achados introduzem elementos visuais e emocionais à teoria dos enquadramentos da ação coletiva, com a proposição de um modelo analítico que pode ser replicado em estudos futuros. imagens coletiva construiuse construiu se dimensões fotográficas 2 201 Alegre ambivalentes grandiosidade festividade vincularse vincular ex. ex (ex. orgulho confiança confiança) lado violentas “violentas perigorisco perigo risco perigo/risco medo indignação. indignação . indignação) futuros (ex

Abstract Maximum shear modulus (G0) has been used in various geotechnical jobs (e.g., seismic site assessment, machine vibration and pile driven). Laboratory and in situ determination of G0 is not a current practice in Brazil. G0 can be estimated from empirical correlations based on in situ tests like Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) in the preliminary design phase. Several empirical correlations to estimate G0 from SPT N value have been developed and are available in the literature. However, most of these correlations were established based on experience with well-behaved soils formed in temperate and glacial zones, which may not always be used for tropical soils. This paper assessed and discussed the applicability of some correlations for G0 estimative from SPT data in lateritic and saprolitic soils. The classical correlations for sedimentary soils underestimated G0 of tropical soils. After updating the database, the tropical soils correlations reasonably estimated G0 for the lateritic ones, which was not the case for the saprolitic soils. It was observed that differentiating the soils only as lateritic or saprolitic was not adequate for a good G0 estimate for the saprolitic sandy soils. It was found that only the lateritic soils correlation can be used with caution as a preliminary attempt to estimate G0 from SPT N value in soils with similar characteristics to the ones presented in this paper. G (G0 e.g., eg e g (e.g. assessment driven. driven . driven) Brazil (SPT CPT (CPT phase literature However wellbehaved well behaved zones database (G e.g. (e.g e.g

ABSTRACT: The use of molecular information in breeding programs contributed to important advances in the improvement of traits of economic interest in livestock production. The advent of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels applied to genome-wide selection (GWS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), along with computational advances (e.g., use of powerful software and robust analyses) allowed a better understanding of the genetic architecture of farm animals and increased the selection efficiency. In this context, the statistic method single-step GBLUP has been frequently used to perform GWS, and more recently GWAS analyses, providing accurate predictions and QTL detection, respectively. Nevertheless, in developing countries, species such as sheep and goats, whose genomic data are more difficult to be obtained, the use of data simulation has been efficient in the study of the major factors involved in the selection process, such as size of training population, density of SNP chips, and genotyping strategies. The effects of these factors are directly associated with the prediction accuracy of genomic breeding values. In this review we showed important aspects of the use of genomics in the genetic improvement of production traits of animals, the main methods currently used for prediction and estimation of molecular marker effects, the importance of data simulation for validation of those methods, as well as the advantages, challenges and limitations of the use of GWS and GWAS in the current scenario of livestock production. ABSTRACT (SNP genomewide genome wide (GWS GWAS, , (GWAS) e.g., eg e g (e.g. analyses efficiency context singlestep step detection respectively Nevertheless countries goats obtained process population chips strategies values advantages (GWAS e.g. (e.g e.g

RESUMO: Em programas de melhoramento genético, o uso de informações moleculares garantiu importantes avanços para a melhoria de características de interesse econômico, no âmbito da produção animal. O advento da tecnologia de painéis de SNPs aplicados à seleção genômica ampla (GWS) e associação genômica ampla (GWAS), aliado ao avanço computacional, com o uso de softwares e análises robustas, permitiram melhor compreensão sobre a arquitetura genética dos animais de produção e, consequentemente, maior eficiência na seleção. Nesse contexto, o método estatístico single-step GBLUP tem sido utilizado, frequentemente, na execução da GWS e, mais recentemente, em GWAS, possibilitando predições acuradas e detecção de QTLs, respectivamente. No entanto, em países em desenvolvimento e, em espécies como os ovinos e caprinos, que existe maior dificuldade para a aquisição de dados genômicos, o uso da simulação de dados tem se mostrado eficiente para estudar os principais fatores envolvidos no processo de seleção, como o tamanho da população de treinamento, densidade de chipde SNPs e estratégias de genotipagem, cujos efeitos estão diretamente associados à acurácia da predição de valores genéticos genômicos. Nesta revisão, serão abordados pontos importantes sobre o uso da genômica no melhoramento genético de características produtivas em animais, principais métodos de predição e estimação de efeitos de marcadores moleculares na atualidade, a importância da simulação de dados para a validação desses métodos, bem como as vantagens, os desafios e as limitações no cenário atual da produção animal com o uso da seleção e associação genômica ampla. RESUMO econômico (GWS GWAS , (GWAS) computacional robustas consequentemente contexto singlestep single step utilizado frequentemente recentemente QTLs respectivamente entanto caprinos genômicos treinamento genotipagem revisão atualidade vantagens (GWAS