ABSTRACT Purpose: Sling as a therapeutic option for male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has been reviewed in the last two decades, as it is a relatively simpliest surgery compared to artificial urinary sphincter and has the ability to modulate urethral compression. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy, rate of complications, quality of life and the effects on bladder emptying of the Argus T® compressive and ajustable sling in moderate and severe male SUI treatment. Materials and Methods: Men eligible for stress urinary incontinence treatment after radical prostatectomy were recruited and prospectively evaluated, from March 2010 to November 2016. It was selected outpatient men with moderate and severe SUI, after 12 months of radical prostatectomy, who have failed conservative treatment. All patients had a complete clinical and urodynamic pre and post treatment evaluation, by means of clinical history, physical examination, urine culture, 1-hour pad test and ICIq-SF questionnaire. The UDS was performed after 12, 18 and 24 months postoperatively. Results: Thirty-seven men underwent sling surgery, 19 patients (51.4%) with moderate and 18 (48.6%) with severe SUI. The minimum follow-up time was 5 years. Overall, we had a success rate of 56.7% at 60 months follow-up. After surgery, we did not observe significant changes in the urodynamic parameters evaluated during the follow-up. No patient had urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) after sling implantation. Readjustment of the Argus T® sling was performed in 16 (41%) of the patients and 51% of the patients reported some adverse event. Conclusion: We demonstrate a long-term efficacy and safety of Sling Argus T® as an alternative to moderate and severe male SUI treatment. Furthermore, in our study bulbar urethra compression does not lead to bladder outlet obstruction. Purpose (SUI decades complications T Methods 201 2016 1 evaluation history examination culture 1hour hour ICIqSF ICIq SF questionnaire 2 postoperatively Results Thirtyseven Thirty seven 51.4% 514 51 4 (51.4% 48.6% 486 48 6 (48.6% followup follow up years Overall 567 56 7 56.7 followup. up. BOO (BOO implantation 41% 41 (41% event Conclusion longterm long term Furthermore 20 51.4 (51.4 48.6 (48.6 56. (41 51. (51. 48. (48. (4 (51 (48 ( (5

This investigation describes the synthesis of eugenol analogs presenting 1,2,3-triazole fragments and evaluation of their antileishmanial activity. The alkylation of guaiacol (1) with allyl bromide afforded 1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene (2) (93% yield). The Claisen rearrangement conducted with 1 gave ortho eugenol (3) (82% yield). Alkylation procedures performed with 3 produced 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (4) (73% yield) and 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(pent-4-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (6) (53% yield). The copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions involving alkynes 4 and 6 with different benzylic azides afforded twenty-two eugenol analogs with 1,2,3-triazole functionalities (48-93% yield). We screened the compounds at 10 μmol L 1 against Leishmania braziliensis intracellular amastigotes during macrophage infection. The action of these compounds was compared with the known leishmanicidal drug amphotericin B. None of the analogs were toxic to macrophages at 10 μmol L-1. The cytotoxic concentration at 50% (CC50), effective concentration at 50% (EC50), and selectivity index (SI) were determined to the best compounds 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8c) and 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8h). They showed a significant leishmanicidal effect, with EC50 of 28.09 µmol L-1 (8c) and 52.03 µmol L-1 (8h). The SIs were 9.7 for 8c and > 5.7 for 8h. These compounds have the potential as new leishmanicidal agents against L. braziliensis and may represent a starting point for the development of alternative treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis. 1,2,3triazole 123triazole triazole 1,2,3 2 activity (1 1allyloxy2methoxybenzene allyloxymethoxybenzene allyloxy methoxybenzene (2 93% 93 (93 yield. yield . (3 82% 82 (82 1allyl3methoxy2prop2yn1yloxybenzene allylmethoxypropynyloxybenzene methoxy prop yn yloxy benzene (4 73% 73 (73 1allyl3methoxy2pent4yn1yloxybenzene allylmethoxypentynyloxybenzene pent (6 53% 53 (53 copperIcatalyzed copper I catalyzed alkyneazide alkyne azide CuAAC (CuAAC twentytwo twenty two 4893% 4893 48 (48-93 infection B L1. L1 1. 50 CC50, CC50 CC , (CC50) EC50, EC (EC50) SI (SI 42allyl6methoxyphenoxymethyl14chlorobenzyl1 allylmethoxyphenoxymethylchlorobenzyl phenoxymethyl chlorobenzyl 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)- H1,2,3triazole H123triazole Htriazole H c (8c 42allyl6methoxyphenoxymethyl14trifluoromethoxybenzyl1 allylmethoxyphenoxymethyltrifluoromethoxybenzyl trifluoromethoxybenzyl 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)- 8h h (8h) effect EC5 2809 28 09 28.0 L- 5203 52 03 52.0 97 9 7 9. 57 5 5. leishmaniasis 3triazole 123 1,2, ( (9 8 (8 yloxybenzene (7 (5 489 (48-9 CC5 (CC50 (EC50 methoxyphenoxymethyl 42allyl6methoxyphenoxymethyl14chlorobenzyl 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl) H1 42allyl6methoxyphenoxymethyl14trifluoromethoxybenzyl 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl) (8h 280 0 28. 520 52. 12 1,2 (48- (CC5 (EC5 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl 1, (48 (CC (EC

RESUMO Com a expansão da produção agrícola, há a substituição de áreas de Cerrado nativo por outras formas de uso do solo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar alterações no fracionamento físico do carbono orgânico em áreas submetidas a diferentes usos do solo no Cerrado. Os tratamentos, com cinco repetições, corresponderam às seguintes formas de uso: área sob plantio convencional, área sob plantio de pastagem, área sob plantio de eucalipto e área sob vegetação nativa de Cerrado nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 e 15-20 cm no munícipio de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, BA. Os maiores teores e estoques de carbono foram encontrados para a área de eucalipto, iguais à área sob vegetação nativa de Cerrado. Já os estoques de carbono particulado foram superiores na área sob pastagem na profundidade de até 10 cm, não diferenciando da área sob Cerrado nativo. A pastagem e o eucalipto apresentaram efeito positivo no índice de manejo do carbono, independentemente da profundidade.

ABSTRACT With the expansion of agricultural production, native Cerrado areas are replaced with other forms of land use. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the physical fractionation of organic carbon (C) in areas under different forms of land use in the Cerrado. The treatments, with five repetitions, corresponded to the following forms of use: area under conventional tillage, area under pasture plantation, area under eucalyptus plantation and area under native Cerrado vegetation, at the depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm in the municipality of Luis Eduardo Magalhães, BA, Brazil. The highest C contents and stocks were found in the eucalyptus area, which were equal to those of the area under native Cerrado vegetation, while particulate C stocks were higher in the area under pasture at the depth up to 10 cm, not differing from the area under native Cerrado. Pasture and eucalyptus had positive effect on C management index, regardless of depth.

RESUMO O solo representa um importante componente no ciclo biogeoquímico do carbono (C) e do nitrogênio (N). Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, avaliar as mudanças provocadas por diferentes formas de uso do solo sobre os estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em áreas de Cerrado em profundidade de até 60 cm: área sob plantio convencional, plantio direto, pastagem, eucalipto e área sob vegetação nativa de Cerrado na região de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, BA. O maior teor de C foi encontrado para área de plantio direto na camada superficial até 10 cm; porém, houve decréscimo em seu teor ao longo das profundidades. Áreas sob plantio convencional apresentaram valores menores de estoque de C na camada superficial (0-5 cm) e abaixo de 20 cm. Entre estas, os estoques de C foram significativamente inferiores em comparação à utilização de pastagem e eucalipto na profundidade de até 40 cm. Considerando a profundidade de 0-60 cm, o maior estoque de C foi encontrado nas áreas sob vegetação nativa, com 62,81 Mg ha-1, seguida pela área sob cultivo de eucalipto, com 60,70 Mg ha-1. Os menores estoques de C foram encontrados nas áreas sob uso convencional, com 44,87 Mg ha-1. O plantio convencional reduziu os estoques de N em até 61 e 56% em relação às áreas sob vegetação nativa de Cerrado e plantio de eucalipto, respectivamente, ambas na profundidade de até 10 cm. Portanto, práticas de uso do solo como eucalipto e plantio direto contribuem para armazenar carbono e nitrogênio ao longo do tempo.

ABSTRACT The soil is an important component in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes caused by different types of land use on the C and N stocks in areas of Cerrado at different depths: area under conventional tillage, no-tillage, grazing, eucalyptus and area under native vegetation of Cerrado in the municipality of Luis Eduardo Magalhães, BA, Brazil. The highest C content was found for no-tillage area in the surface layer up to 10 cm; however, there was a decrease in its content along the depths. Areas under no-tillage had lower values of C in the surface layer (0-5 cm) and below 20 cm. Among these, C stocks were significantly lower compared to the use of grass and eucalyptus at the depth of up to 40 cm. Considering the depth of 0-60 cm, the highest C stock was found in areas under native vegetation, 62.81 Mg ha-1, followed by the area under cultivation with eucalyptus, 60.70 Mg ha-1. The lowest C stocks were found in areas under conventional use, 44.87 Mg ha-1. Conventional planting reduced N stocks by up to 61 and 56% when compared to areas under native Cerrado vegetation and eucalyptus plantations, respectively, both at a depth of up to 10 cm. Therefore, land use practices such as eucalyptus cultivation and no-tillage contribute to C and N storage over time.

Niobium, in fact, is an essential element for Brazil. Their applications are so many and so special that they put it as one of the subjects treated by the wikiLeaks site as strategic and that it should be treated in the USA. It is one of the elements most exported by Brazil and is mainly used in the production of special alloys for use in gas pipelines, air turbines, among other applications. It is believed that niobium-based materials can be obtained for applications with higher added value and in equally strategic areas. Research to obtain active and selective drugs, materials to maximize the use of renewable energy, and new nanostructured materials to improve the performance of different components are ongoing and promise a revolution for the next few years.

RESUMO A falta de informações técnicas sobre as exigências agroclimáticas e ecofisiológicas de espécies florestais, principalmente na fase inicial, limitam a produção de mudas de qualidade, o planejamento e a otimização de viveiros. Determinou-se a evapotranspiração, coeficientes de cultivo (kc) e os fatores de sensibilidade hídrica (ky) de mudas de ipê-amarelo amazônico em diferentes condições de sombreamento e níveis de reposição de água no subtrato, no período seco (julho a outubro de 2016), na região de transição Cerrado-Amazônia de Mato Grosso. O experimento avaliou os níveis de sombreamento em pleno sol e com telas poliefinas pretas de 35, 50, 65 e 80% de sombreamento, e os níveis de reposição hídrica no substrato de 25, 50, 75 e 100% da ETc, com fracionamentos de rega estabelecidos em função da capacidade máxima de retenção de água do substrato em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. O consumo de água do ipê-amarelo amazônico foi de 239,2; 228,6; 204,1; 185,7 e 136,3 mm para as condições de pleno sol e sombreamentos de 35, 50, 65 e 80%, respectivamente. A ETc média foi de 3,37; 3,22; 2,87; 2,61 e 1,92 mm d-1, enquanto que os valores de kc foram 1,13; 1,15; 1,05; 0,90 e 0,60 para os níveis de sombreamento supracitados. Os valores de ky variaram de 0,89 a 1,28, com redução pelo aumento da reposição hídrica e aumento para maiores percentuais de sombreamento.

ABSTRACT The scarcity of information on the agroclimatic and ecophysiological requirements of forest species, especially in the initial phase, limits the production of quality seedlings, the planning and optimization of nurseries. The potential evapotranspiration, crop coefficients (kc) and water sensitivity coefficients (ky) of Amazonian yellow ipe seedlings were determined under different shading conditions and levels of water replacement to the substrate, in the dry period (July to October 2016), in the Cerrado-Amazon Rainforest transition region of the Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The experiment evaluated the full sun and black polyester nets with 35, 50, 65 and 80% shading, and the levels of water replacement to the substrate of 25, 50, 75 and 100% ETc in a split-plot scheme, with irrigation fractions established according to the maximum water retention capacity of the substrate. The water consumption of Amazonian yellow ipe was 239.2, 228.6, 204.1, 185.7 and 136.3 mm for cultivation under full sun and shading levels of 35, 50, 65 and 80%, respectively. The daily means of ETc were 3.37, 3.22, 2.87, 2.61 and 1.92 mm d-1, whereas the kc means were 1.13, 1.15, 1.05, 0.90 and 0.60 for the above-mentioned shading levels. ky values ranged from 0.89 to 1.28, with reduction due to the increase of water replacement and increase for higher shading percentage.

The benzophenones are synthetic and natural compounds presenting a variety of activities, including photoprotective, cytotoxic and antiviral. It is herein described the preparation of a series of twenty-seven benzophenone derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole functionalities and the evaluation of their photoprotective, cytotoxic and antiviral on Zika Virus (ZIKV) activities. The compounds were prepared in three steps, namely reduction of benzophenone, alkylation of diphenylmethanol and CuAAC reactions. The in vitro evaluation of the photoprotective activity revealed that the most active derivative 4-((benzhydryloxy)methyl)-1-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (4k) displayed UVB sun protection factor equal to 6,9±0,53, which make this compound a possible candidate to be used in formulations for photoprotective applications. In terms of cytotoxicity, the compounds were evaluated against MDA-MB-231 and B16F10 cell lines. It was observed that the compounds were more active against MDA-MB-231 cells and three of them were capable of reducing cell viability by approximately 55% at 100 µmol L-1. In the antiviral screening against ZIKV, compound 4-(3-benzhydryloxy)propyl)-1-(3-methylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (5j) was the most effective in mantaining Vero cell viability.

New composite based on polypyrrole (PPy) and bismuth oxide (α-Bi2O3) was investigated as supercapacitor electrode. The α-Bi2O3 was obtained by hydrothermal route at 500 ºC for 2 h. Cyclic voltammetry was used to electropolymerize PPy on graphite electrode (GE) or on GE/α-Bi2O3. The X-ray diffraction profile of Bi2O3 revealed the α-Bi2O3 monoclinic structure with space group P21/c.The scanning and transmission electron microscopy images showed that PPy coated α-Bi2O3. Raman spectra showed that PPy inhomogeneously coated α-Bi2O3, but it was still possible to obtain a α-Bi2O3 @PPy core-shell hybrid composite with highly ordered α-Bi2O3 with electronic interaction between the oxide and the polymer chain of the polymer. The GE/α-Bi2O3@PPy composite electrode (type I supercapacitor) displayed a predominantly capacitive profile with low impedance values and good electrochemical stability after 50 charge and discharge cycles. The specific capacitance of α-Bi2O3 @PPy composite was found in the range of 634 to 301 F g-1 to gravimetric current of 3 and 10 A g-1, respectively.

In the present investigation, a collection of twenty two nerol derivatives, containing 1,2,3-triazolic appendages, was synthesized and screened in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against HL60, Nalm6, and Jurkat human leukemia cells as well as against B16F10 (melanoma cell line). In most cases, derivatives were able to reduce cell viability. The most potent compound (Z)-4-(((3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)oxy)methyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)-1H-1,2,3 triazole showed antiproliferative activity against Jurkat cells and reduced B16F10 cell migration. Physicochemical properties of the compounds were calculated in order to evaluate their potential for drug development. Most of the evaluated physicochemical parameters seemed to be favorable for drug development. In addition, for a better understanding of the biological activity results, 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies were carried out. 3D-QSAR studies indicate that the anticancer activities observed for the cell lines HL60 and Jurkat may occur by a similar mechanism of action and the same was found for the Nalm6 and B16F10 cell lines.

Abstract Olive production (Olea europaea L.) is a recent activity in Brazil and studies on the adaptability of olive trees varieties in the States are required. One of the problems that can hamper the development of olive trees is the incidence of pests, such as scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha). In this study, the associated scale insect species were found in ten varieties in an olive grove located at the Research Center of the Serra do Sudeste Region (30º33’15”S, 52º23’45”W) in Brazil. The surveys were carried out twice in each season (2013-2014). Six species of armored scale insect (Diaspididae) and two soft scales (Coccidae) were determined. Saissetia oleae (Coccidae) with 88.15% and Aspidiotus nerii (Diaspididae) with 5.85% occurred in all varieties of olive trees. The varieties Arbequina, Frantoio and Cipressino were with greater richness of scale insects, the highest values of diversity occurred in Frantoio, Arbequina and Picual; in Alfafara, Arbosana and Coratina there was a high dominance of one species (S. oleae).

RESUMO Buscando subsidiar projetos e manejos de irrigação para hortaliças na região do Médio-Norte de Mato Grosso, determinou-se a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), os coeficientes de cultivo (Kc) e a função de resposta hídrica da abobrinha cv. Italiana (Curcubita pepo) em diferentes condições de cultivo. Os plantios foram conduzidos na estação seca da região (julho a outubro de 2016), com uso de 2,5 kg m-2 de palhadas de milheto (gramínea) e crotalária (leguminosa) e solo descoberto. A ETc foi obtida pelo balanço hídrico do solo por tensiometria, enquanto que os valores de Kc foram dados pela razão entre ETc e a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) obtida por Penman-Monteith FAO-56. Para a função de resposta hídrica foram aplicadas as lâminas de 40, 60, 80, 100 e 120% da ETc, sendo que nesse caso, empregou-se o método do tanque classe A para obtenção da ETo. As diferentes coberturas do solo não influenciaram na ETc, Kc e soma térmica acumulada nas fenofases da abobrinha. Os valores de Kc foram de 0,1; 0,25; 0,38 e 0,41, para as fenofases de I a IV, com durações médias de 8, 46, 16 e 20 dias, respectivamente. O aumento da lâmina irrigada não influenciou nas taxas de emissão de flores masculinas e femininas, mas afetou a produtividade e diminuiu a eficiência do uso da água, independentemente da cobertura do solo.

ABSTRACT Aiming to support projects and managements of irrigation for vegetables in the Mid-North region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil, this paper determined crop evapotranspiration (ETc), crop coefficients (Kc) and water response function of summer squash (Curcubita pepo) cv. ‘Italiana’ under different cultivation conditions. The plantations were conducted in the dry season of the region (July to October 2016), using 2.5 kg m-2 of millet straw (grass) and crotalaria straw (legume) and bare soil. ETc was obtained by soil water balance through tensiometry, whereas Kc values were given by the ratio between ETc and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) obtained by the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. For the water response function, the rates of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% ETc were applied, in which case the Class A pan method was used to obtain ETo. The different soil covers did not influence the ETc, Kc and accumulated thermal sum in the phenological stages of the summer squash. Kc values were 0.1, 0.25, 0.38 and 0.41, for the phenological stages I to IV, with average durations of 8, 46, 16, and 20 days, respectively. Increase in irrigation depths did not influence the rates of production of male and female flowers, but affected yield and decreased water use efficiency, regardless of soil cover.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, determinar a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) e os coeficientes de cultivo (Kc) de mudas florestais tropicais, ao longo de 135 dias de ciclo, nas condições climáticas da transição Cerrado-Amazônia. Foram avaliadas cinco espécies nativas (Tabebuia impetiginosa, Tabebuia roseoalba, Handroanthus chrysotrichus, Parkia pendula e Parkia platycephala) e uma exótica (Adenanthera pavonina) em sete condições de sombreamento: telas poliolefinas pretas de 35, 50 e 80%; frontinet verde, chromatinet vermelha e chromatinet azul a 50% sombreamento e pleno sol. A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) foi obtida pelo método de Penman-Monteith FAO-56 e a evapotranspiração real das mudas (ETc) foi dada por pesagem diária. Os valores de Kc foram obtidos pela razão entre ETo e ETc; aos 135 dias após o transplantio realizou-se a análise destrutiva para determinação da área foliar. Nas condições de pleno sol a ETc variou de 3,9 (P. pendula) a 5,0 mm d-1 (T. roseoalba). O aumento do percentual de sombreamento proporciona diminuição da área foliar, da ETc e do Kc; enfim, as telas coloridas com 50% de sombreamento geram demandas hídricas semelhantes.

ABSTRACT The objective was to determine the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficients (Kc) of tropical forest seedlings over a 135-day cycle, in the climatic conditions of the Cerrado-Amazon transitional region (11º 51’ 08 “S; 55º 30’ 56” W; altitude of 371 m). Five native species (Tabebuia impetiginosa, Tabebuia roseoalba, Handroanthus chrysotrichus, Parkia pendula and Parkia platycephala) and one exotic species (Adenanthera pavonina) were evaluated in seven shading conditions: 35, 50 and 80% black nets (Polyolefin); green Frontinet®, red ChromatiNet® and blue ChromatiNet® of 50% shading; and full sun. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was obtained by the Penman-Monteith FAO-56 method and the crop evapotranspiration of the seedlings (ETc) was given by daily weighing. The Kc values were obtained by dividing ETo by ETc. At 135 DAT, destructive analysis was performed to determine the leaf area. In full sun conditions, ETc varied from 3.9 (P. pendula) to 5.0 mm d-1 (T. roseoalba). The increase in the shading percentage promotes reduction in leaf area, ETc and Kc. Colored nets with 50% shading generate similar water demands.

The technological bottleneck for the application of heterogeneous photocatalysis with titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the retention and reuse of the catalyst, which brings opportunities for studying techniques for its immobilization on solid supports. The main objective of this paper was to test different methods to effectively immobilize TiO2 on granular activated carbon (GAC), crushed ceramic material (CCM) and zeolite (ZEO) in order to use the catalyst for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal from aqueous solutions. For this, three TiO2 immobilization methods (1-immersion of the support in TiO2 slurry; 2-covering by sol-gel synthesis using titanium isopropoxide; 3- impregnating the support with white wall paint doped with TiO2) were tested and the resulting catalyst were characterized and evaluated for SMX removal. The results showed that GAC was the best support and that its immersion in a 50% (w/v) TiO2 suspension was the best immobilization method. Photodegradation assays with such catalyst carried out with 10 mg.L-1 of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) led to 90% of removal of this pharmaceutical after 3.5 hours, which was ~38% higher than the UV photolysis at the same contact time.

Wetlands are common in the Cerrado (Brazilian savannas) biome, however flooding of these wetlands impairs growth and development of most plants. We evaluated flood tolerance of typical Cerrado trees. Seedlings of Aspidosperma macrocarpon (Apocynaceae), Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae), Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Bignoniaceae), Myracrodruon urundeuva (Anacardiaceae), Kielmeyera coriacea (Calophyllaceae) and Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae) were flooded up to the stem base for 30 days. Stems with cortical cracks, secondary aerenchyma and hypertrophic lenticels were observed in flooded plants of M. urundeuva,H. chrysotrichus and T. rosea while adventitious roots were formed in flooded plants of T. rosea and H. chrysotrichus. However, only T. rosea developed aerenchyma in the root cortex. K. coriacea and A. macrocarpon were the most sensitive to flooding, showing a decrease in survival and necrosis of the leaves and roots. C. langsdorffii and M. urundeuva were less sensitive to flooding, although reductions in root biomass and symptoms of necrosis of the roots were noticeable in flooded seedlings. Flooded M. urundeuva seedlings also had a decrease in total leaf area, leaf biomass, total biomass and in stem growth. Flooding affected root development and reduced stem growth of H. chrysotrichus with symptoms of necrosis of the leaves and roots. T. rosea was the only species where symptoms of injury from flooding were not evident.

Os líquidos iônicos (ILs) são sais líquidos a baixas temperaturas, tipicamente com pontos de fusão abaixo de 100 ºC. Nos últimos anos, as propriedades de vários ILs têm sido extensivamente estudadas e, em casos específicos, podem ser considerados como solventes verdes capazes de substituir solventes orgânicos tradicionais. Neste trabalho, ILs derivados de triazol tem sido sintetizados e a solubilidade em diferentes solventes aumenta com a constante dieléctrica dos solventes considerados. Três novos ILs 1,2,3-triazólicos foram utilizados para o pré-tratamento do bagaço de cana. O efeito deste pré-tratamento da biomassa lignocelulósica foi analisado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, mostrando um aumento da superfície de exposição das amostras de bagaço como alterações estruturais na fibra.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts which are liquid at low temperatures, typically with melting points under 100 ºC. In recent years, the properties of many ILs have been extensively studied and have been considered as green solvents capable of replacing traditional organic solvents. Herein, ILs derived from triazole have been synthesized, thus solubility in different solvents increases with the dielectric constant of the considered solvents. Three novel 1,2,3-triazolium-based were used for the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. The effect of this pretreatment on lignocellulosic biomass was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, showing an increase in the exposure surface of the bagasse samples as structural changes in the fiber.