The understanding and interpretation of the phenomenon involved in the development of the Leiden jar integrated different scholars and perspectives, as the device challenged 18th century theories about electricity, leading natural philosophers to intense debate and experimental productions. In this work, we compare the assumptions of Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), Franz Ulrich Theodosius Aepinus (1724–1802) and Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700–1770), to explain how and why the bottle supplied electricity. With the analysis of the three explanations, we can compare their similarities and mainly differences, explaining the different methods used to construct each theory. We understand that this type of historical study contributes to discussions necessary for Science Teaching regarding the complexity of scientific knowledge. perspectives th electricity productions work 1706–1790, 17061790 1706–1790 , 1706 1790 (1706–1790) 1724–1802 17241802 1724 1802 (1724–1802 JeanAntoine Jean Antoine 1700–1770, 17001770 1700–1770 1700 1770 (1700–1770) explanations differences theory knowledge 1706179 1706–179 170 179 (1706–1790 1724–180 1724180 172 180 (1724–180 1700177 1700–177 177 (1700–1770 170617 1706–17 17 (1706–179 1724–18 172418 18 (1724–18 170017 1700–17 (1700–177 17061 1706–1 1 (1706–17 1724–1 17241 (1724–1 17001 1700–1 (1700–17 1706– (1706–1 1724– (1724– 1700– (1700–1 (1706– (1724 (1700– (1706 (172 (1700 (170 (17 (1 (

A compreensão e interpretação do fenômeno envolvido no desenvolvimento da garrafa de Leiden integrou diferentes estudiosos e perspectivas, uma vez que o dispositivo desafiou as teorias sobre eletricidade do século XVIII, levando os filósofos naturais a um intenso debate e produções experimentais. Neste trabalho, trazemos um comparativo dos pressupostos de Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), Franz Ulrich Theodosius Aepinus (1724–1802) e Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700–1770), para explicar como e por que a garrafa fornecia eletricidade. Com a análise das três explicações, podemos comparar suas semelhanças e principalmente diferenças, explicitando os diferentes métodos utilizados para construção de cada teoria. Entendemos que este tipo de estudo histórico contribui em discussões necessárias ao Ensino de Ciências quanto à complexidade do conhecimento científico. perspectivas XVIII experimentais trabalho 1706–1790, 17061790 1706–1790 , 1706 1790 (1706–1790) 1724–1802 17241802 1724 1802 (1724–1802 JeanAntoine Jean Antoine 1700–1770, 17001770 1700–1770 1700 1770 (1700–1770) explicações diferenças teoria científico 1706179 1706–179 170 179 (1706–1790 1724–180 1724180 172 180 (1724–180 1700177 1700–177 177 (1700–1770 170617 1706–17 17 (1706–179 1724–18 172418 18 (1724–18 170017 1700–17 (1700–177 17061 1706–1 1 (1706–17 1724–1 17241 (1724–1 17001 1700–1 (1700–17 1706– (1706–1 1724– (1724– 1700– (1700–1 (1706– (1724 (1700– (1706 (172 (1700 (170 (17 (1 (

Abstract Acrocomia aculeata pulp (ACP) is a source of oleic acid, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids that protect against diseases and improve antioxidant capacity. We evaluated whether regular intake of ACP, in combination with a standard diet, improves the antioxidant system and physiological parameters. Male Wistar rats were divided into: control (C), 250 mg/kg ACP, and 500 mg/kg ACP groups. Rats received either water or the respective A. aculeata solution doses for 28 days. We observed increased food intake, lower carcass protein levels, and higher carcass lipid levels in the 500 mg/kg ACP group than in the other groups. Postprandial glucose, oral glucose tolerance test results, and the area under the curve were greater, while urea was lower in the 500 mg/kg ACP group. Total liver lipids were increased, and PPAR-α, PPARγ, and carbonylated protein levels were reduced in the 500 mg/kg ACP group. NRF2 contents and glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were increased in the 500 mg/kg ACP group. In the 250 mg/kg ACP group, only glutathione system activity increased. Thus, ACP intake improved the enzymatic antioxidant system in the liver at the evaluated doses, although the 500 mg/kg dose induced alterations in lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism. (ACP acid compounds capacity diet parameters into C, C , (C) 25 mgkg mg kg 50 groups A 2 days results greater PPARα, PPARα PPAR α, α PPAR-α PPARγ NRF reductase dismutase Thus metabolism (C 5

RESUMO Dermoide é a presença de pele normal em local inadequado. Um gato, sem raça definida, macho, com quatro meses de idade, apresentou histórico de desconforto ocular no olho direito. O exame oftálmico do olho direito revelou lacrimejamento, blefarospasmo, desconforto ocular e hiperemia conjuntival. Observou-se uma massa com pelos de 5mm de diâmetro na parte temporal da conjuntiva bulbar. A excisão cirúrgica da massa foi recomendada. A histopatologia do tecido excisado confirmou o diagnóstico de dermoide. Não houve recidiva da lesão 12 meses após a cirurgia. No presente caso, a excisão cirúrgica completa do dermoide foi curativa. Embora raros, os dermoides devem ser incluídos no diagnóstico diferencial de afecções conjuntivais em gatos. inadequado gato definida macho idade lacrimejamento blefarospasmo conjuntival Observouse Observou se mm bulbar recomendada 1 cirurgia caso curativa raros gatos

ABSTRACT A dermoid is the presence of normal skin in an abnormal place. A mixed-breed, male, 4-month-old cat was presented with a history of ocular discomfort in the right eye. Ophthalmic examination on the right eye revealed lacrimation, blepharospasm, ocular discomfort and mild conjunctival hyperaemia. A mass with hair with a diameter of 5 mm on the temporal part of the bulbar conjunctiva was observed. Surgical excision of the mass was recommended. Histopathology of the excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid. There was no evidence of lesion recurrence 12 months after surgery. In the present case, complete surgical excision of the dermoid was curative. Although rare, dermoid should be included in the differential diagnosis of conjunctival disorders in cats. place mixedbreed, mixedbreed mixed breed, breed mixed-breed male 4monthold monthold 4 month old lacrimation blepharospasm hyperaemia observed recommended 1 surgery case curative rare cats

ABSTRACT Artisanal cheese production involves a centuries-old tradition in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, playing an important historical and social role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of artisanal Minas cheeses from seven regions certified for their production in relation to their physical-chemical and centesimal composition to identify parameters that are useful to differentiate them. There were differences among the cheeses from different regions for the soluble nitrogen variables, extension and depth of ripening indexes, ash, oxidation, fat and pH. The highest values for the ripening length and depth index were observed in the Cerrado region. The cheeses from the Canastra region were different due to the higher moisture content, and the cheeses from Campo das Vertentes presented higher pH and nitrogen compound values. Despite the similarities among cheeses in each region, they had dispersed positions in the principal components analysis. There are differences in the physicochemical and centesimal composition among the artisanal Minas cheeses from the distinct regions in Minas Gerais, and the analyzed parameters can be used to differentiate them. The contents of ash, fat, oxidation index, soluble nitrogen and pH were the parameters that were associated with greater differences in cheeses. centuriesold centuries old Brazil role physicalchemical physical chemical them variables indexes ash content analysis

RESUMO A produção artesanal de queijos envolve uma tradição secular no estado de Minas Gerais, no Brasil, exercendo importante papel histórico e social. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar as características de queijos minas artesanal de sete regiões certificadas para sua produção em relação à sua composição físico-química e centesimal, a fim de se identificarem parâmetros que sejam úteis para diferenciá-los. A composição físico-química e centesimal revelou diferença entre os queijos das diferentes regiões para as variáveis nitrogênio solúvel, índices de extensão e profundidade de maturação, cinzas, oxidação, gordura e pH. Os maiores valores para os índices de extensão e profundidade de maturação foram observados na região do Cerrado. Os queijos da região da Canastra se mostraram diferentes daqueles das demais regiões em razão do maior teor de umidade, assim como os queijos de Campo das Vertentes, que apresentaram maiores valores de pH e compostos nitrogenados. Apesar das semelhanças entre os queijos em cada região, esses apresentaram posicionamentos dispersos na análise de componentes principais. Existem diferenças na composição físico-química e centesimal entre os queijos minas artesanais oriundos das distintas regiões em Minas Gerais, e os parâmetros analisados podem ser utilizados para diferenciá-los. Os teores de cinzas, gordura, índice de oxidação, teores de nitrogênio solúvel e pH foram os parâmetros que estiveram associados a maiores diferenças dos queijos conforme sua região de origem. Gerais Brasil social Objetivouse, Objetivouse Objetivou se, Objetivou-se estudo físicoquímica físico química diferenciálos. diferenciálos diferenciá los. los diferenciá-los cinzas oxidação Cerrado umidade Vertentes nitrogenados principais origem

Abstract In this study we investigate the niche interaction between the frogs Physalameus cuvieri and Physalaemus kroyeri that occur in syntopy in water bodies of the Atlantic Forest located in the eastern Bahia State, Brazil. We investigated the niche width and overlap in the calling activity time, microhabitat use, diet composition, advertisement call, and body size. Both species preferred the same substrate and calling substrate categories, and showed low niche width values and high spatial niche overlap values. The pseudocommunity analysis revealed the absence of competition in space use. Ants and termites were the most important items in the diet of both species with the pseudocommunity analysis indicating an absence of competition in the diet. The two species demonstrate a greater similarity in body proportions and a high overlap in the calling activity time. However, they showed divergence in acoustic parameters, especially in the dominant frequency and call duration. Our results reinforce the role of advertisement call as a relevant attribute for anuran coexistence and highlight the importance of analyzing the various axes of the multidimensional niche for the most reliable description of the existence and magnitude of niche partitioning. State Brazil time use composition size categories However parameters duration partitioning

Abstract A fibrinolytic enzyme from the microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta was produced under mixotrophic conditions using different corn steep liquor (CSL) concentrations ( 0 ≤ CLS ≤ 0.75%), purified using a combination of salting out and ion-exchange chromatography, and then biochemical characterized. Cultivation of this microalga using 0.5% CSL led to the highest maximum cell concentration (1.960±0.010 mg L-1) and cell productivity (0.140g L-1 day-1), besides a high fibrinolytic activity of the extract obtained by the homogenization method (102 ±1 U mL-1). The enzyme extracted from the microalgal biomass was 5-fold purified with a 20% yield and was found to have a specific activity of 670 U mg-1. The enzyme, whose molecular weight determined by fibrin zymography was 10 kDa, was shown to be stable at pH 3.0–9.0 and up to 70°C with optimal pH and temperature values of 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. When compared to other fibrinolytic enzymes, this protease stood out for its high fibrinolytic activity, which was enhanced by Fe2+, inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, and strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting that it belongs to the serine metalloprotease family. Moreover, thanks to its thermal stability, the enzyme may be easily preserved and activated under high-temperature conditions. (CSL 0.75%, 075 0.75% , 75 0.75%) ionexchange ion exchange chromatography characterized 05 5 0.5 1.960±0.010 19600010 1 960 010 (1.960±0.01 L1 L 0.140g 0140g g 140g L- day1, day1 day day-1) 102 (10 ± mL1. mL1 mL . mL-1) 5fold fold 20 67 mg1. mg1 1. mg-1 kDa 3090 3 9 3.0–9. 70C C 70 80 8 8. 50C 50 50°C respectively enzymes Fe2 Fe Fe2+ Zn2 Zn Zn2+ Cu2 Cu Cu2+ Mg2 Mg Mg2+ Ca2 Ca Ca2+ fluoride family Moreover stability hightemperature 07 0.75 7 0. 1.960±0.01 1960001 96 01 (1.960±0.0 day-1 (1 mL-1 2 6 mg- 309 3.0–9 0.7 1.960±0.0 196000 (1.960±0. day- mL- 30 3.0– 1.960±0. 19600 (1.960±0 3.0 1.960±0 1960 (1.960± 3. 1.960± 196 (1.960 1.960 19 (1.96 1.96 (1.9 1.9 (1.

ABSTRACT: Porcine enzootic pneumonia (PES), mainly caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is the main cause of respiratory problems in pigs. Infection by M. hyopneumoniae leads to production losses and the predisposition of affected animals to secondary infections, which may result in the condemnation of carcasses and organs due to lung lesions at the time of slaughter. The objective of the research was to evaluate the infection by M. hyopneumoniae in pigs submitted to slaughter in São Luís Island/MA, using molecular and histopathological diagnostic methods. One hundred fifty lung samples were collected from inspected (n=65) and non-inspected (n=85) slaughter pigs on São Luís Island, Maranhão, from July 2019 to August 2021. Of the 150 DNA samples collected, 121 showed an amplified product for Cyt B in the PCR assay. Thus, 121 samples were submitted to qPCR of M. hyopneumoniae, of which 44 (36.36%) showed positive results. The mean amount of bacterial load ranged from 1.20 × 101 to 7.20 × 104, with a mean of 1.73 × 104 copies. Of the reagent samples, 81.81% (36 samples) were obtained from non-inspected slaughter, while 18.18% (8 samples) were obtained from slaughterhouses. In the histopathological analysis, 44 positive qPCR samples were evaluated, of which 28 (63.63%) presented results compatible with the main inflammatory process associated with the presence of M. hyopneumoniae, that is, bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia (BALT). Three samples that showed the highest bacterial load (qPCR: 5.63 × 10³, 2.19 × 104 and 7.23 × 104) showed more evident lesions in this study. The microscopic findings associated with the quantifications indicated a relationship between the amount of bacterial load and the presence of microscopic lesions; higher bacterial load in lung tissue is associated with increased histopathologic staining for BALT hyperplasia. In conclusion, the results point to the circulation of the etiological agent in the sampled animals and the need for preventive measures on pig farms in Maranhão with the involvement of producers, sanitary defense and inspection agencies. ABSTRACT PES, PES , (PES) M infections IslandMA Island MA Island/MA methods n=65 n65 n 65 (n=65 noninspected non n=85 n85 85 (n=85 201 2021 15 12 assay Thus 4 36.36% 3636 36 (36.36% 120 1 20 1.2 10 720 7 7.2 173 73 1.7 copies 8181 81 81.81 (3 1818 18 18.18 8 ( slaughterhouses analysis evaluated 2 63.63% 6363 63 (63.63% bronchialassociated bronchial BALT. . (BALT) (qPCR 563 5 5.6 10³ 219 19 2.1 723 23 study conclusion producers agencies (PES n=6 n6 6 (n=6 n=8 n8 (n=8 202 36.36 363 3 (36.36 1. 72 7. 17 818 81.8 181 18.1 63.63 636 (63.63 (BALT 56 5. 21 2. n= (n= 36.3 (36.3 81. 18. 63.6 (63.6 (n 36. (36. 63. (63. (63 (6

RESUMO: A pneumonia enzoótica suína (PES), causada principalmente pela bactéria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, é a principal causa de problemas respiratórios em suínos. A infecção por M. hyopneumoniae leva a perdas produtivas e a predisposição dos animais acometidos a infecções secundárias, o que pode resultar em condenação de carcaças e órgãos por lesões pulmonares no momento do abate. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a infecção por M. hyopneumoniae em suínos submetidos ao abate na Ilha de São Luís, por meio de métodos diagnósticos moleculares e histopatológicos. Para isso, foram coletadas 150 amostras de pulmão de suínos de abate inspecionado (n=65) e não inspecionado (n=85) na Ilha de São Luís/Maranhão, no período de julho de 2019 a agosto de 2021. Das 150 amostras de DNA coletadas, 121 apresentaram produto amplificado para Cyt B no ensaio de PCR. Assim, 121 amostras foram submetidas à qPCR de M. hyopneumoniae, das quais 44 (36,36%) apresentaram resultados positivos. A quantidade média de carga bacteriana variou de 1,20 × 101 a 7,20 × 104, com média de 1,73 × 104 cópias. Das amostras reagentes, 81,81% (36 amostras) foram obtidas de abate não inspecionado, enquanto 18,18% (8 amostras) foram obtidas em abatedouro. Na análise histopatológica, foram avaliadas 44 amostras positivas para qPCR, das quais 28 (63,63%) apresentaram resultados compatíveis com o principal processo inflamatório associado à presença de M. hyopneumoniae, ou seja, hiperplasia do tecido linfóide associado ao brônquio (BALT). Três amostras que apresentaram maior carga bacteriana (qPCR: 5,63 × 10³, 2,19 × 104 e 7,23 × 104) foram mais evidentes neste estudo. Os achados microscópicos associados às quantificações indicaram uma relação entre a quantidade de carga bacteriana e a presença de lesão microscópica; a maior carga bacteriana no tecido pulmonar está associada a maior alteração histopatológica para hiperplasia BALT. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos sinalizam para a circulação do agente etiológico nos animais amostrados e a necessidade de medidas preventivas nas criações de suínos do estado do Maranhão com envolvimento dos produtores, órgãos de defesa sanitária e inspeção. RESUMO PES, PES , (PES) M secundárias Luís histopatológicos isso 15 n=65 n65 n 65 (n=65 n=85 n85 85 (n=85 LuísMaranhão Luís/Maranhão 201 2021 12 PCR Assim 4 36,36% 3636 36 (36,36% positivos 120 1 20 1,2 10 720 7 7,2 173 73 1,7 cópias reagentes 8181 81 81,81 (3 1818 18 18,18 8 ( abatedouro 2 63,63% 6363 63 (63,63% seja BALT . (BALT) (qPCR 563 5 5,6 10³ 219 19 2,1 723 23 estudo microscópica conclusão produtores inspeção (PES n=6 n6 6 (n=6 n=8 n8 (n=8 202 36,36 363 3 (36,36 1, 72 7, 17 818 81,8 181 18,1 63,63 636 (63,63 (BALT 56 5, 21 2, n= (n= 36,3 (36,3 81, 18, 63,6 (63,6 (n 36, (36, 63, (63, (63 (6

Islet transplantation represents a therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Long-term viability of transplanted islets requires improvement. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed as adjuvants for islet transplantation facilitating grafting and functionality. Stem cell aggregation provides physiological interactions between cells and enhances the in situ concentration of modulators of inflammation and immunity. We established a hanging-drop culture of adult human skin fibroblast-like cells as spheroids, and skin spheroid-derived cells (SphCs) were characterized. We assessed the potential of SphCs in improving islet functionality by cotransplantation with a marginal mass of allogeneic islets in an experimental diabetic mouse model and characterized the secretome of SphCs by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. SphCs were characterized as multipotent progenitors and their coculture with anti-CD3 stimulated mouse splenocytes decreased CD4+ T cell proliferation with skewed cytokine secretion through an increase in the Th2/Th1 ratio profile. SphCs-conditioned media attenuated apoptosis of islets induced by cytokine challenge in vitro and importantly, intratesticular SphCs administration did not show tumorigenicity in immune-deficient mice. Moreover, SphCs improved glycemic control when cotransplanted with a marginal mass of allogeneic islets in a diabetic mouse model without pharmacological immunosuppression. SphCs' protein secretome differed from its paired skin fibroblast-like counterpart in containing 70% of up- and downregulated proteins and biological processes that overall positively influenced islets such as cytoprotection, cellular stress, metabolism, and survival. In summary, SphCs improved the performance of transplanted allogeneic islets in an experimental T1D model, without pharmacological immunosuppression. Future research is warranted to identify SphCs-secreted factors responsible for islets' endurance. T1D. TD . D (T1D) Longterm Long term improvement MSCs (MSCs immunity hangingdrop hanging drop fibroblastlike fibroblast like spheroids spheroidderived spheroid derived (SphCs spectrometrybased spectrometry based proteomics antiCD3 antiCD anti CD3 CD anti-CD CD4 Th2Th1 ThTh Th2 Th1 Th Th2/Th profile SphCsconditioned conditioned importantly immunedeficient immune deficient mice Moreover immunosuppression 70 up cytoprotection stress metabolism survival summary SphCssecreted secreted endurance (T1D Th2Th 7

ABSTRACT: This study describes the epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of outbreaks of avian pox diagnosed in poultry associated with fungal co-infections. A retrospective study was carried out, and cases of avian pox with suspected associated fungal infection were selected. The slides were subjected to routine and special histochemical staining in cases of suspected fungal infection, in addition to performing the immunohistochemical technique. Macroscopically, there were nodular lesions with crust formation, and histologically, the lesions were characterized by hyperplasia of the spinous layer associated with multiple eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions. In seven cases, morphologically compatible structures with fungi were verified through black impregnation with GMS and strongly stained in pink with PAS. The morphotintorial aspects were suggestive of fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus sp. and Candida sp. The diagnosis of fungal co-infections was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, with positive immunostaining for fungi of the genus Aspergillus sp. (five cases) and Candida sp. (two cases). It is concluded that the occurrence of fungal co-infections secondary to the cutaneous lesions of avian pox represents a complicating factor of the disease, favoring the weakness of these animals and death. Therefore, the investigation of associated secondary agents is necessary. ABSTRACT clinicalpathological clinical pathological coinfections. coinfections co infections. infections out selected technique Macroscopically formation histologically inclusions PAS sp immunohistochemistry five two cases. . disease death Therefore necessary

RESUMO: Este artigo descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de surtos de varíola aviária diagnosticada em aves domésticas associados a coinfecções fúngicas. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e selecionados os casos de varíola aviária com suspeita de infecção fúngica associada. As lâminas foram submetidas às colorações histoquímicas de rotina e especiais, nos casos de suspeita de infecção fúngica, além de realização da técnica de imuno-histoquímica. Macroscopicamente, haviam lesões nodulares com formação de crostas, e histologicamente, as lesões caracterizavam-se por hiperplasia da camada espinhosa associada a múltiplas inclusões intracitoplasmáticas eosinofílicas. Em sete casos verificou-se a presença de estruturas morfologicamente compatíveis com fungos, através de impregnação em preto por GMS e coradas fortemente em rosa por PAS. Os aspectos morfotintoriais foram sugestivos de fungos pertencentes aos gêneros Aspergillus sp. e Candida sp. O diagnóstico das coinfecções fúngicas foi confirmado através da imuno-histoquímica, com imunomarcação positiva para fungos dos gêneros Aspergillus sp. (cinco casos) e Candida sp. (dois casos). Através desses dados, pode-se concluir que a ocorrência de coinfecções fúngicas secundárias às lesões cutâneas de varíola aviária representam um fator complicador da doença, favorecendo a debilidade desses animais e óbito. Sendo assim, é necessária a investigação de agentes secundários associados. RESUMO clínicopatológicos clínico patológicos especiais imunohistoquímica. imunohistoquímica imuno histoquímica. histoquímica imuno-histoquímica Macroscopicamente crostas histologicamente caracterizavamse caracterizavam se eosinofílicas verificouse verificou PAS sp imunohistoquímica, histoquímica, cinco dois casos. . dados podese pode doença óbito assim

ABSTRACT: This study discusses the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of two outbreaks of ocular infection in ostriches (Struthio camelus) caused by the trematode Philophthalmus sp. The outbreaks occurred in the states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte in Northeast Brazil. Ostrich farming was categorized as semi-intensive farming with free access to the weir and river. The clinical symptoms for infection included nictitating membrane inflammation, epiphora (tearing), eyelid edema, ocular congestion, eyeball destruction, emaciation, and death, and the infection period ranged from 8 to 16 months. Macroscopically, thickening of the eyelids and conjunctiva were observed, with orange parasites infestation. Histologically, the lesions were characterized as lymphoplasmacytic and heterophilic, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, chronic conjunctivitis associated with hyperplasia and ectasia of the Harderian gland, and numerous parasites. The parasites were oval and flattened with an oral suction cup, acetabulum, and thick cuticle containing spicules. The diagnosis of philophthalmiasis was based on epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings associated with the morphological characteristics of the parasites present in the conjunctival sacs which were similar to the trematode Philophthalmus sp. Philophthalmiasis can occur in ostriches raised on urban and rural properties in Northeastern Brazil, probably associated with the contact of birds with contaminated water, and is characterized by severe conjunctivitis that can result in the loss of the eyeball and death of the animals. ABSTRACT epidemiological Struthio camelus sp Brazil semiintensive semi intensive river inflammation tearing, tearing , (tearing) edema congestion destruction emaciation 1 months Macroscopically observed infestation Histologically heterophilic coalescing moderate gland cup acetabulum spicules water animals (tearing

RESUMO: Descrevem-se as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e patológicas de dois surtos de infecção ocular pelo trematódeo Philophthalmus sp. em avestruzes ocorridos nos estados do Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte no Nordeste do Brasil. As propriedades tinham em comum, a criação semi-intensiva e livre acesso a açude e rio. Os sinais clínicos incluíam protrusão da membrana nictante, lacrimejamento, edema palpebral, congestão ocular, destruição do globo ocular, emagrecimento e morte. A evolução clínica variou de oito a 16 meses. Macroscopicamente, observou-se espessamento das pálpebras e conjuntivas associado a numerosas estruturas parasitárias alaranjadas. No segundo surto, as lesões eram mais graves e consistiam em perda do globo ocular direito e anexos. Histologicamente, as lesões caracterizavam-se por conjuntivite linfoplasmocítica e heterofílica, multifocal a coalescente, moderada, crônica associada a hiperplasia e ectasia da glândula de Harderian e numerosas estruturas parasitárias. Os parasitas eram ovalados, achatados com ventosa oral e acetábulo e cutícula espessa contendo espículas. O diagnóstico de filoftalmíase foi realizado com base nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos associadas as características morfológicas dos parasitas presentes nos sacos conjuntivais compatíveis com o trematódeo Philophthalmus sp. A filoftalmíase pode ocorrer em avestruzes criados em propriedades urbanas e rurais no Nordeste do Brasil, provavelmente associado ao contato das aves com água contaminada e caracteriza-se por quadros de conjuntivite grave que pode resultar com a perda do globo ocular e morte dos animais. RESUMO Descrevemse Descrevem se epidemiológicas sp Brasil comum semiintensiva semi intensiva rio nictante lacrimejamento palpebral 1 meses Macroscopicamente observouse observou alaranjadas surto anexos Histologicamente caracterizavamse caracterizavam heterofílica coalescente moderada ovalados espículas epidemiológicos caracterizase caracteriza animais

This paper shows the importance of performing probabilistic analyses in open pits, especially for mine planning, which can lead to more efficient ore extraction and meeting the acceptability criteria for safety in mine slopes. Three-dimensional stability analyses were performed to evaluate the future geometry of a large open pit for iron ore extraction in Brazil. The strength parameters of the lithologies were calibrated using ruptures in the pit walls. After determining the factors of safety (FoSs) from the calibrated parameters, probabilistic analyses were performed using the total range of values of each parameter under different field conditions to verify the reliability of the initial analysis. In this sense, it was possible to plot the probability of failure (PoF) and the FoS on the graph of slope height versus slope interramp angle (IRA) for the future pit in each lithology. IRA recommendations are made for two scenarios: (1) the best scenario: dry without ubiquitous joints and (2) the worst scenario: the water table at 10 m depth with ubiquitous joints in the most unfavourable direction. The results show that probabilistic evaluation is an important tool for establishing alert mechanisms in slopes that can be termed stable.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of L-glutamine + glutamic acid and/or L-arginine on the productive performance, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal morphological of weaned piglets. Sixty-four 28-day-old weaned piglets were distributed in four treatments: DC - control diet; DG - glutamine diet (1% L-glutamine + glutamic acid); DA - arginine diet (1% L-arginine); and DGA - glutamine + arginine diet (0.5% L-glutamine + glutamic acid and 0.5% L-arginine) with eight replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The addition of 1% L-arginine to the piglet diet improved weight gain and feed conversion over 28 to 35 days of age. In the period of 28 to 49 days of age, supplementation with 1% L-glutamine + glutamic acid increased the animals’ weight gain and reduced the incidence of diarrhea. Supplementation with amino acids in combination had a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of the intestinal mucosa compared to the control diet. Supplementation with 1% L-glutamine + glutamic acid increased the number of anti-PCNA+ cells and goblet cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that supplementation with L-glutamine + glutamic acid and L-arginine can improve the productive performance and enhance the integrity of the intestinal mucosa of weaned piglets.

Abstract This work focuses on characterizing the role of different triblock copolymers on the dispersion of nanoparticles in an epoxy matrix and in the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites, using Poly (ethylene glycol) - block-poly (propylene glycol) - block-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG-b-PPG- b-PEG) with 30% PEG, and poly (propylene glycol) - block-poly (ethylene glycol) - block-poly (propylene glycol) (PPG-b-PEG-b-PPG) with 50% PEG. The nanoparticles employed have different geometries: carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets and carbon black (spherical). Both copolymers were miscible in epoxy. The results suggest that the copolymers viscosity may be interfering with the dispersion of the nanoparticles in the matrix: the PPG-b- PEG-b-PPG50% copolymer has a higher viscosity than the PEG b-PPG-b-PEG30%, which facilitates their dispersion and an increase in mechanical properties. The PEG fraction was an important factor in the dispersion of nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix. The higher the PEG content in the copolymer block, the greater the synergy shown in the mechanical properties, since the nanoparticles inhibited the plasticizing effect of the block copolymer.

Geotechnical monitoring plays an important role in the detection of operational safety issues in the slopes of open pits. Currently, monitoring companies offer several solutions involving robust technologies that boast highly reliable data and the ability to control risky conditions. The monitoring data must be processed and analysed so as to allow the results to be used for several purposes, thereby providing information that can be used to manage operational actions and optimize mining plans or engineering projects. In this work we analysed monitoring data (pore pressure and displacement) and its correlation with the tension and displacement of the mass of an established failure slope calculated using the finite element method. To optimize the back-analysis, a Python language routine was developed using input data (point coordinates, parameter matrix, and critical section) to use software with the rock mass parameters (cohesion, friction angle, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio). For the back-analysis, the Mohr-Coulomb criterion was applied with the shear strength reduction technique to obtain the strength reduction factor. The results were consistent with both the measured displacements and the maximum deformation contours, revealing the possible failure mechanism, allowing the strength parameters to be calibrated according to the slope failure conditions, and providing information about the contribution of each variable (parameter) to the slope failure in the study area.

RESUMO Defeitos ósseos constituem um problema de saúde global. O sistema Rigenera permite a extração de microenxertos ricos em células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs). Objetivou-se avaliar o processo de regeneração óssea por enxertos obtidos pelo sistema Rigenera em defeitos críticos na calvária de ratos. Foram utilizados 18 ratos Wistar, machos, pesando 285±29g, distribuídos em três grupos (n=6), sendo cada animal controle de si mesmo, denominados G15-Controle e G15-Tratado (15 dias); G30-Controle e G30-Tratado (30 dias) e G60-Controle e G60-Tratado (60 dias). Foram realizadas duas lesões de 5mm de diâmetro em cada antímero da calvária. Nos grupos tratados, foram utilizados microenxertos autólogos de cartilagem xifoide, obtidos pelo sistema Rigenera. O defeito contralateral serviu como controle em todos os animais. Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 15, 30 e 60 dias após a cirurgia, e as amostras foram processadas para a histoquímica. Nos grupos controle, não foram observados sinais de regeneração óssea, enquanto nos grupos tratamento foram verificadas áreas de formação óssea e tecido mesenquimal ativado. O sistema Rigenera foi eficiente na obtenção de microenxertos autólogos, para terapia celular em defeito crítico de calvária de ratos. Com o aprimoramento do protocolo, o sistema Rigenera poderá ser amplamente utilizado no tratamento de lesões ósseas.

ABSTRACT Bone defects are a global health problem. The Rigenera system allows the extraction of micro grafts rich in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration process by grafts obtained by the Rigenera system in defects in the rats calvarian. Eighteen male Wistar rats were used, weighing 285 ± 29g, distributed in three groups (n = 6), where each animal was treatment and control, called G15-Control and G15-Treated (15 days); G30-Control and G30-Treated (30 days) and G60-Control and G60-Treated (60 days). Two 5mm diameter lesions were performed on each calvaria side. In the treated groups, autologous micrograft from xiphoid cartilage, obtained by the Rigenera system, were used. The other defect served as a control in all animals. The animals were euthanized at 15, 30 and 60 days after the surgery and the samples were processed for histochemistry. In the control groups, no signs of bone regeneration were observed, while in the treatment groups, areas of bone formation and activated mesenchymal tissue were verified. The Rigenera system was efficient in obtaining autologous micrograft for cell therapy in a critical calvaria defect in rats. Rigenera system can be widely used in the treatment of bone injuries.