The species Oryza sativa (rice) and Musa cavendishii (banana) are sources of cellulose-rich waste biomass in the Amazon region, Tocantins State. This research investigates the nanoscale production of cellulose through the interactions between three choline amino acid ionic liquids Ch[AA]IL and the respective fibers by pretreatment. To this end, the synthesis of three ILs was carried out: choline arginate Ch[Arg], choline glycinate Ch[Gly] and choline lysinate Ch[Lys], characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The samples resulting from the pretreatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was possible to infer from the SEM micrographs that Ch[Arg] caused greater fiber breakage than the other ILs. The TEM analyses identified fibers up to 16 nm in diameter. Positive effects were observed in the diffractograms, although no crystallinity was obtained in the pretreated samples. Thermogravimetry curves showed that the fibers treated with Ch[Arg] showed higher thermal stability. rice (rice banana (banana celluloserich rich region State ChAAIL Ch AA IL end out ChArg, ChArg Arg , ChGly Gly Ch[Gly ChLys, ChLys Lys Ch[Lys] FTIR. FTIR . (FTIR) SEM, (SEM) TEM, (TEM) Xray X ray XRD (XRD TGA. TGA (TGA) Ch[Arg 1 diameter diffractograms stability Ch[Lys (FTIR (SEM (TEM (TGA

Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) is an Amazonian fruit rich in antioxidants potential due to its phenolic compounds. Its seeds produce cupulate, a chocolate-like product, and the residue remains rich in biocompounds. This study aimed to optimize and compare microwave-assisted (MAE) and high pressure/temperature extraction (HPTE) of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds from cupuaçu seed by-products. A Box-Behnken 33 factorial design assessed the influence of extraction time, solid/liquid ratio, and ethanol concentration. Responses included total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and anti-radical power via the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) method. In optimum conditions, MAE had the highest total polyphenol content and HPTE for flavonoids. Optimal conditions for both methods were 65% (m/v) ethanol concentration, 45 min extraction time, and 0.03 g mL−1 solid/liquid ratio. MAE and HPTE achieved greater recovery of (−)-epicatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared to percolation. Both techniques proved viable for recovering polyphenols from cupuaçu seed by-products, in less time and with less solvent. Thus, cupuaçu by-products can be a sustainable and functional food source, with MAE and HPTE providing high yields and quality extracts rich in polyphenols. Theobroma Schum. Schum cupulate chocolatelike chocolate like product biocompounds microwaveassisted microwave assisted (MAE pressuretemperature pressure temperature (HPTE byproducts. byproducts by products. products BoxBehnken Box Behnken 3 solidliquid solid liquid ratio concentration antiradical anti radical 2,2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic 22azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobisethylbenzothiazolinesulphonic 2,2 azino bis ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonic 2 acid method flavonoids 65 m/v mv m v (m/v 4 003 0 03 0.0 mL1 mL 1 mL− −epicatechin epicatechin − −epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechingallate epigallocatechin gallate percolation byproducts, products, solvent Thus source 2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobis 22 2, 00 0.

The present work aims to extract and test cashew nut peel oil as a natural antioxidant in the oxidative stabilization of biodiesel. Therefore, determinations of the ideal time of Soxhlet and thermal extractions, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses, and evaluation of the oxidative stability by Rancimat method were carried out. FTIR analyses revealed that the 3rd cycle of extraction was sufficient to extract all the oil, with an average yield of 30.0%. For the thermal extraction of the laboratory technical cashew nut peel oil, the best extraction, based on statistical analysis, was 60 min, yielding 20.0%. The FTIR analysis of the extracted cashew nut peel oil showed characteristic peaks of phenolic groups and organic acids, showing differences in the intensities of the absorption bands. The oxidative stability showed induction period of 8 h 40 min for the hydraulic press extraction, 10 h 35 min for the Soxhlet extraction, and 10 h 65 min for the industrial technical extraction of the cashew nut peel oil. All values were below the 12-h limit established by the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). The technical cashew nut peel oil extracted in the laboratory presented an induction period of 11 h 12 min, close to that recommended by ANP, proving to be a promising natural antioxidant. Cardanol presented satisfactory results with 25 h 22 min, double that suggested by ANP. Thus, cashew nut peel oil showed important and promising results as a natural antioxidant for biodiesel. biodiesel Therefore extractions (FTIR out rd 300 30 0 30.0% 6 200 20 20.0% acids bands 4 1 3 12h Petroleum ANP . (ANP) 2 Thus 30.0 20.0 (ANP 30. 20.

In silico and in vitro tests can reveal promising anti-leishmania activity for natural products and their derivatives. The aim of this study was to investigate in silico the pharmacological activities of potential new chalcones and their leishmanicidal potential in vitro. The in silico study was carried out using the PASS, MolPredictX and Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 programs. Antiparasitic activity was assessed in axenic promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis. The cytotoxicity tests used the J77G8 cell line. The chalcones exhibited 50% cytotoxic concentration values (CC50) values > 50 μM. Chalcone 4 (named FERAI) presented the best activity with concentration for 50% of promastigotes and intracellular parasites forms (EC50) of 9.75 ± 1.7 and 10.13 ± 1.7 μM for promastigote and amastigote, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) testing presented increased ROS levels in the parasite at the FERAI concentrations of 10 μM (56.33%), 20 μM (61.76%) and 30 μM (67.13%). Molecular docking revealed interactions (binding energy) between FERAI and the enzymes UDP-glycosyl pyrophosphorylase (-56.8384), dihydroorotate-dehydrogenase (-132.276) and trypanothione-reductase (-151.281). Our results demonstrated the anti-leishmanial activity of chalcones, especially FERAI, with a noted raising of ROS levels in the parasite. Molecular docking revealed dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and trypanothione reductase as potential pharmacological targets for FERAI. antileishmania anti leishmania derivatives PASS 60 6 0 6. programs braziliensis JG J G J77G line CC50 CC (CC50 5 named EC50 EC (EC50 975 9 75 9.7 17 1 7 1. 1013 13 10.1 respectively (ROS 56.33%, 5633 56.33% , 56 33 (56.33%) 2 61.76% 6176 61 76 (61.76% 3 67.13%. 6713 67.13% . 67 (67.13%) binding energy UDPglycosyl UDP glycosyl 56.8384, 568384 56.8384 8384 (-56.8384) dihydroorotatedehydrogenase 132.276 132276 132 276 (-132.276 trypanothionereductase 151.281. 151281 151.281 151 281 (-151.281) antileishmanial leishmanial CC5 (CC5 EC5 (EC5 97 9. 101 10. 563 56.33 (56.33% 61.76 617 (61.76 671 67.13 (67.13% 56838 56.838 838 (-56.8384 132.27 13227 27 (-132.27 15128 151.28 15 28 (-151.281 (CC (EC 56.3 (56.33 61.7 (61.7 67.1 (67.13 5683 56.83 83 (-56.838 132.2 1322 (-132.2 1512 151.2 (-151.28 56. (56.3 61. (61. 67. (67.1 568 56.8 8 (-56.83 132. (-132. 151. (-151.2 (56. (61 (67. (-56.8 (-132 (-151. (56 (6 (67 (-56. (-13 (-151 (5 ( (-56 (-1 (-15 (-5 (-

Fruits of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi were investigated. A fast and efficient method for the simultaneous determination of 11 polyphenolic substances by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was applied. Limits of quantification ranged between 0.78 and 3.14 mg L-1. High concentrations of kaempferol were found. An exploratory evaluation was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) for fruit origin differentiation. Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 274 to 517 mg GAE 100 g-1; total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 101 to 283 mg QE 100 g-1. In vitro analyses showed that antioxidant capacity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranged from 1.7 to 7 µM DPPH 100 g-1. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect were also evaluated against: Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Candida albicans and C. glabrata, using broth microdilution assay. It can be inferred that S. terebinthifolia Raddi fruit has the potential to act as an ally in the search for new alternatives in the action against pathogens, and it can be used as a potential natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Metals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn) were also determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), with emphasis on high concentrations of Mg, Zn and Fe. investigated 1 chromatographydiode chromatography diode HPLCDAD HPLC DAD (HPLC-DAD applied 078 0 78 0.7 314 3 14 3.1 L1. L1 L 1. L-1 found PCA (PCA differentiation TPC (TPC 27 51 10 g1 g g-1 TFC (TFC 28 g1. 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 2,2 diphenyl picrylhydrazyl 2 (DPPH 17 subtilis B cereus aureus coli aeruginosa choleraesuis C glabrata assay S pathogens agent Cu, Cu (Cu Fe Mg FAAS, FAAS , (FAAS) 07 0. 31 3. L- 5 g- 2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22 2, (FAAS

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential. Malvaceae (Malvaceae antioxidant remedies medicines Gurke Malva Chapada. Chapada . Chapada” compounds 13 S (S 132S 132(S 17 ethoxyphaeophorbide decanol Z 3β25 3β 3β,2 diol 2 3β24 24 glucopyranoside quercetin acacetin kaempferol tiliroside 3,7,8,4 3784 7 8 4 tetramethoxyflavone 57 5, 3,8,4 384 methoxyflavone 5,7,4 574 38 3, MIC 51 mL1, mL1 , A mL1. content DPPH EC EC5 636 6 36 6.3 0029 0 029 0.02 1. 1 1) P 3β2 3β, 3,7,8, 378 3,8, 5,7, 63 6. 002 02 0.0 3,7,8 37 00 0. 3,7, 3,7

RESUMO O consumo de dióxido de carbono atmosférico pelo intemperismo tampona o efeito estufa na Terra em escala de tempo geológica. Esse mecanismo é chamado de sumidouro de carbono de silicato (SCS). Saprolito representa parte da frente de intemperismo do manto terrestre, mas historicamente não recebeu muita atenção dos geocientistas. Em escala global, o Brasil é o maior contribuinte para o SCS e o quarto maior contribuinte em número de publicações sobre saprolito. Neste estudo, a produção científica brasileira sobre o assunto de 1990 a 2022 foi avaliada, considerando publicações indexadas nas bases de dados Web of Science, SciELO e Scopus. Foram recuperados cento e oitenta artigos científicos. Na última década, sete artigos foram publicados por ano. Ao longo dos 32 anos considerados, o número de artigos sobre saprolito aumentou. A maioria dos estudos foi concentrada na região sudeste do Brasil, onde o estado de Minas Gerais liderou em termos de número de publicações (28,49%). As principais áreas em que os artigos foram publicados estavam relacionadas à ecologia, Terra e marinha; no entanto, foram citados por várias outras, incluindo as áreas de saúde e política. Uma comparação do número de publicações por bacia e o tamanho do SCS mostrou que havia menos estudos da Bacia Amazônica do que da Bacia do Paraná. Em conclusão, a fronteira geográfica para o estudo do saprolito no território brasileiro é a Bacia do Rio Amazonas, e a fronteira metodológica está relacionada à dinâmica de fluídos/gases e ao papel dos micróbios no intemperismo em profundidade. geológica SCS. . (SCS) terrestre geocientistas global 199 202 avaliada Science Scopus científicos década ano 3 considerados aumentou 28,49%. 2849 28,49% 28 49 (28,49%) ecologia marinha entanto outras política Paraná conclusão Amazonas fluídosgases fluídos gases profundidade (SCS 19 20 284 28,49 2 4 (28,49% 1 28,4 (28,49 28, (28,4 (28, (28 (2 (

ABSTRACT The consumption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by weathering buffers the greenhouse effect on Earth on a geological timescale. This mechanism is called the silicate carbon sink (SCS). Saprolite represents part of the weathering front of the Earth’s mantle, but historically, it has not received much attention from geoscientists. On a global scale, Brazil is the largest contributor to the SCS and the fourth largest contributor to the number of saprolite publications. In this study, Brazilian scientific production on the subject from 1990 to 2022 was assessed, considering publications indexed in the Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus databases. One hundred-eighty scientific articles were retrieved. In the last decade, seven articles were published per year. Over the 32 years under consideration, the number of articles on saprolite has increased. Most of the studies were concentrated in the southeastern region of Brazil, where the state of Minas Gerais led in terms of the number of publications (28.49%). The main areas in which the articles were published were related to ecology, Earth, and marine; however, they were cited by several others, including the areas of health and politics. A comparison of the number of publications per basin and the size of the SCS showed that there were fewer studies from the Amazon Basin than from the Paraná Basin. In conclusion, the geographical frontier for the study of saprolite in the Brazilian territory is the Amazon River Basin, and the methodological frontier is related to fluid/gas dynamics and the role of microbes in weathering at depth. timescale SCS. . (SCS) Earths s mantle historically geoscientists scale 199 202 assessed Science databases hundredeighty hundred eighty retrieved decade year 3 consideration increased 28.49%. 2849 28.49% 28 49 (28.49%) ecology marine however others politics conclusion fluidgas fluid gas depth (SCS 19 20 284 28.49 2 4 (28.49% 1 28.4 (28.49 28. (28.4 (28. (28 (2 (

RESUMO A estruvita (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O) é um fertilizante de liberação lenta obtido através da recuperação de fósforo e/ou nitrogênio de águas residuais geralmente pela adição de sais de magnésio. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade da substituição de fontes comerciais de magnésio por fontes alternativas no processo de precipitação de estruvita, em termos de remoção de amônio e fosfato, e quantificação e caracterização do cristal precipitado. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em escala de bancada sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado a pH 9,5 através da precipitação de uma solução de efluente sintético com quatro diferentes fontes de magnésio: MgCl2∙6H2O, MgSO4∙7H2O, MgO e magnesita (MgCO3). Após pré-acidificação, soluções derivadas de fontes alternativas de baixo custo de magnésio removeram acima de 55 e 90% de nitrogênio amoniacal e fosfato em solução, respectivamente, e alcançaram por volta de 10 g L-1 de cristais precipitados. A proximidade dos resultados obtidos com soluções derivadas de fontes comerciais de magnésio (46ꟷ56% de remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal, 97% de remoção de fosfato, e mais de 6 g L-1 de precipitado formado) indicou que reagentes alternativos puderam facilmente substituir os comerciais se submetidos ao prévio processo de digestão, a fim de tornar o magnésio disponível em solução. A análise qualitativa por difratometria de raios-X confirmou a presença de estruvita e newberyita na maioria dos precipitados. NH4MgPO4∙6H2O NH4MgPO46H2O NHMgPOHO NH4MgPO4 6H2O NH MgPO H O (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O eou ou sentido objetivouse objetivou 95 9 5 9, MgCl26H2O MgClHO MgCl2 MgCl MgCl2∙6H2O MgSO47H2O MgSOHO MgSO4 7H2O MgSO MgSO4∙7H2O MgCO3. MgCO3 MgCO . (MgCO3) préacidificação, préacidificação pré acidificação, acidificação pré-acidificação 90 respectivamente 1 L1 L L- precipitados 46ꟷ56% 46ꟷ56 ꟷ (46ꟷ56 97 formado digestão raiosX raios X NHMgPO NH4MgPO HO (MgCO3 46ꟷ5 (46ꟷ5 (MgCO 46ꟷ (46ꟷ

ABSTRACT Struvite (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O) is a slow-release fertilizer obtained through phosphorus and/or nitrogen recovery from wastewaters, usually by adding magnesium salts. In this sense, the aim was to evaluate the viability of replacing commercial magnesium sources with alternative ones in the struvite precipitation process regarding ammonium and phosphate removal and precipitated crystal quantification and characterization. Experiments were conducted on a bench scale in a completely randomized design at pH 9.5 by precipitation of synthetic wastewater solution with four magnesium sources: MgCl2∙6H2O, MgSO4∙7H2O, MgO, and magnesite (MgCO3). After pre-acidification, derived solutions from low-cost alternative sources of magnesium removed above 55 and 90% of ammonium nitrogen and phosphate in solution, respectively, and reached around 10 g L-1 of precipitated crystals. Results proximity obtained with solutions derived from commercial sources of magnesium (46ꟷ56% of ammonium nitrogen removal, 97% of phosphate removal, and more than 6 g L-1 of precipitate formed) indicated that alternative reagents could easily substitute commercial ones if submitted to the previous digestion process, making magnesium available in solution. Qualitative analysis by X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of both struvite and newberyite in most precipitates. NH4MgPO4∙6H2O NH4MgPO46H2O NHMgPOHO NH4MgPO4 6H2O NH MgPO H O (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O slowrelease slow release andor or wastewaters salts sense characterization 95 9 5 9. MgCl26H2O MgClHO MgCl2 MgCl MgCl2∙6H2O MgSO47H2O MgSOHO MgSO4 7H2O MgSO MgSO4∙7H2O MgO MgCO3. MgCO3 MgCO . (MgCO3) preacidification, preacidification pre acidification, acidification pre-acidification lowcost low cost 90 respectively 1 L1 L L- crystals 46ꟷ56% 46ꟷ56 ꟷ (46ꟷ56 97 formed Xray X ray precipitates NHMgPO NH4MgPO HO (MgCO3 46ꟷ5 (46ꟷ5 (MgCO 46ꟷ (46ꟷ

RESUMO A introdução da soja tolerante a 2,4-D (ENLIST®) oferece um novo potencial para a aplicação de herbicidas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo: (a) avaliar o efeito das combinações de herbicidas pós-emergentes no controle de Conyza spp., e (b) a seletividade da associação de herbicidas pós-emergentes em soja, garantindo uma aplicação eficaz sem comprometer a saúde da cultura. Um experimento de campo com soja tolerante ao 2,4-D utilizou um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 14 tratamentos em quatro repetições. Os tratamentos incluíram várias combinações de 2,4-D com glifosato, chlorimuron, cloransulam, imazethapyr, bentazona e imazamox. Estes foram aplicados como um único tratamento ou sequencialmente 15 dias após o tratamento (DAT) usando glufosinato de amônio, juntamente com dois controles sem aplicação de herbicida. Os resultados mostraram menos de 15% de fitotoxicidade em todos os tratamentos. Aos 21 DAT, apenas os tratamentos aplicados sequencialmente mostraram controle significativo, com eficácia superior a 80% contra Conyza spp. Em contraste, as aplicações únicas das combinações de herbicidas com 2,4-D foram ineficazes para o controle pós-emergência de Conyza spp. 2,4D 24D D 2,4 2 4 ENLIST® ENLIST (ENLIST® forma objetivo (a pósemergentes pós emergentes spp b (b cultura casualizados 1 repetições glifosato chlorimuron cloransulam imazethapyr imazamox DAT (DAT amônio herbicida significativo 80 contraste pósemergência emergência 4D 24 2, (ENLIST 8

ABSTRACT The introduction of 2,4-D-tolerant soybeans (ENLIST®) offers a new potential for herbicide application. Therefore, the present study aimed to (a) evaluate the effect of combinations of post-emergent herbicides on the control of Conyza spp. and (b) assess the selectivity of the post-emergent herbicide association in soybeans, ensuring effective application without compromising the health of the crop. A field experiment with 2,4-D-tolerant soybeans utilized a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments across four replications. Treatments included various combinations of 2,4-D with glyphosate, chlorimuron-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr, bentazon, and imazamox. These were applied either as a single treatment or sequentially 15 days after treatment (DAT) using glufosinate-ammonium alongside two controls without herbicide application. The results showed less than 15% control across all treatments. At 21 DAT, only the treatments applied sequentially showed significant control, with effectiveness exceeding 80% against Conyza spp. In contrast, the single applications of the herbicide combinations with 2,4-D were ineffective for post-emergence control of Conyza spp. 2,4Dtolerant 24Dtolerant Dtolerant 2,4 D tolerant 2 4 ENLIST® ENLIST (ENLIST® Therefore (a postemergent post emergent spp b (b crop 1 replications 2,4D 24D glyphosate chlorimuronethyl, chlorimuronethyl chlorimuron ethyl, ethyl chlorimuron-ethyl cloransulammethyl, cloransulammethyl cloransulam methyl, methyl cloransulam-methyl imazethapyr bentazon imazamox DAT (DAT glufosinateammonium glufosinate ammonium 80 contrast postemergence emergence 4Dtolerant 24 2, (ENLIST 4D 8

Serial numbers are marks present on several day-to-day objects, created by manufacturers for purposes such as quality control, product tracking and to prevent counterfeiting. In the case of firearms, these characters can be obliterated or damaged by natural processes or intentionally by criminals to prevent positive identification of stolen property. One non-destructive method employed by crime laboratories for the restoration of obliterated characters is the magnetic particle method. The present work aims to study the synthesis and application of waste-made magnetic nanoparticles in the recovery of adulterated markings. A set of analytical-grade materials and metallic waste magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized for comparison purposes. Chemical characterization tests by X-ray fluorescence, morphological tests by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetization tests by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were performed. The efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested on 1020 steel plates previously engraved and adulterated by sanding. Both homemade magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated superior performance compared to commercial magnetic particles. The application of homemade magnetic particles, especially using waste as the source of production, decreases the cost of the material and is environmentally friendly. The development of this material makes magnetic serial number restoration a better option for widespread use in forensic procedures. daytoday day objects control counterfeiting firearms property nondestructive non destructive wastemade made markings analyticalgrade analytical grade Xray X ray fluorescence SEM, SEM , (SEM) VSM (VSM performed 102 sanding particles production friendly procedures (SEM 10 1

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands for being the most serious epidemic (so far) of the 21st century. However, only a few computational studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neutralization of the spike protein by antibodies of different classes. Hence, bioinformatic methods were employed to unravel the factors contributing to the remarkable neutralization capacity exhibited by specific antibodies. Initially, crystallographic structures of IgA monomeric / dimeric, IgG, and IgM antibodies binding with the receptor-binding domain region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were retrieved. Subsequently, rigid molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed over 100 ns with explicit water solvation. Lastly, an energy decomposition was conducted to estimate the binding affinity using the last frames from molecular dynamics. The results revealed a higher binding affinity for both monomeric and dimeric forms of IgA antibodies against the spike protein. Additionally, a greater number of hydrogen bonds were observed during their interaction with the spike protein, as well as greater structural instability along the time and especially a more thermodynamically favorable interaction affinity. In this way, the research contributes a small piece to the complex puzzle of understanding the humoral immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 so far st century However classes Hence Initially IgG receptorbinding receptor SARS-CoV- retrieved Subsequently 10 solvation Lastly dynamics Additionally way virus (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV 1 (SARS-CoV

Bredemeyera Willd. is a genus of the Polygalaceae family, occurring in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal potential, in vitro and in silico, of Bredemeyera brevifolia extracts. The identification of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector showed that palmitic (36.55 mg g−1), margaric (3.66 mg g−1), linolelaidic (108.82 mg g−1), oleic (7.86 mg g−1), stearic (41.11 mg g−1), dihomo-γ-linolenic (85.48 mg g−1), and arachidic (209.00 mg g−1) acids are present in the hexane extract. From the chloroform extract, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone was isolated and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay with methanolic extract demonstrated antifungal activity against species of the genus Candida, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton for up to 96 h, with values ranging from 64-1024 μg mL−1. The in silico study with the chemical compounds of this species showed fungal inhibition potential of sterol-14-α-demethylase, highlighting 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which presented an affinity energy of -8.8 kcal mol−1, greater than that observed for fluconazole (−8.3 kcal mol−1). The fatty acids interacted with the active site of the enzyme but presented energies ≥ −7.4 kcal mol−1. Compounds isolated from this species have pharmacokinetic potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Willd family Brazil extracts chromatographymass chromatography mass chromatographyflame flame 36.55 3655 36 55 (36.5 g−1, g1 g g−1 , 1 3.66 366 3 66 (3.6 108.82 10882 108 82 (108.8 7.86 786 7 86 (7.8 41.11 4111 41 11 (41.1 dihomoγlinolenic dihomo γ linolenic 85.48 8548 85 48 (85.4 209.00 20900 209 00 (209.0 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone 1hydroxy37dimethoxyxanthone hydroxydimethoxyxanthone hydroxy 3,7 dimethoxyxanthone identified Candida Sporothrix 9 h 641024 64 1024 64-102 mL1 mL mL−1 sterol14αdemethylase, sterol14αdemethylase sterolαdemethylase sterol 14 α demethylase, demethylase sterol-14-α-demethylase 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone, dimethoxyxanthone, 8.8 88 8 -8. mol1 mol mol−1 −8.3 83 (−8. . mol−1) 74 4 −7. formulations 36.5 365 5 (36. g− 3.6 6 (3. 108.8 1088 10 (108. 7.8 78 (7. 41.1 411 (41. 85.4 854 (85. 209.0 2090 20 0 (209. 1hydroxy3 7dimethoxyxanthone 37 3, 64102 102 64-10 mL− αdemethylase 8. -8 mol− −8. (−8 −7 36. (36 3. (3 108. (108 7. (7 41. (41 85. (85 209. 2 (209 1hydroxy 6410 64-1 - −8 (− − ( (10 (4 (8 (20 641 64- (1 (2

RESUMO A salinidade é um fator abiótico que prejudica o crescimento e os mecanismos fisiológicos, bioquímicos e moleculares das plantas. Entre as plantas, a soja é uma cultura importante mundialmente, portanto, o manejo de fatores abióticos é essencial para mitigar os danos às plantas. No entanto, bioestimulantes, como a melatonina, estão sendo usados para aliviar o estresse causado por esses fatores. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento, os pigmentos fotossintéticos e as relações hídricas de plantas de soja aplicadas a níveis de salinidade e aplicação exógena de melatonina. A pesquisa foi realizada em área experimental pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural do SemiÁrido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (três níveis de salinidade na água de irrigação - 0.50, 3.00 e 5.00 dS m-1 e três concentrações de melatonina - 0, 0.5 e 1 mM), com três repetições. Aos 47 dias após o plantio, foram avaliados a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, comprimento radicular, teor de clorofila (a, b e total), conteúdo relativo de água, umidade foliar e extravasamento de eletrólitos. As plantas de soja toleraram os efeitos da salinidade nos aspectos de crescimento, nos pigmentos fotossintéticos e nas relações hídricas até 3,00 dS m-1, independentemente da concentração de melatonina. A aplicação exógena de melatonina mitigou os efeitos do estresse salino na clorofila b e no conteúdo relativo de água, no nível de salinidade de 5.00 dS m-1 e concentração de 1 mM. fisiológicos mundialmente portanto entanto bioestimulantes Portanto SemiÁrido Mossoró RN Brasil casualizados 050 0 50 0.50 300 00 3.0 500 5 5.0 m1 m m- 05 0. mM, mM , mM) repetições 4 plantio planta caule folhas radicular a, (a total, total total) eletrólitos 3,0 m1, 1, 30 3. 5. 3,

ABSTRACT Salinity is an abiotic factor that impairs the growth and physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of plants. Among plants, soybeans are an important crop worldwide, so managing abiotic factors is essential to mitigate plant damage. However, biostimulants, such as melatonin, are being employed to alleviate the stress caused by these factors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and water relations of soybean plants subjected to salinity levels and exogenous melatonin application. The research was conducted in experimental area belonging to the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme (three salinity levels in the irrigation water - 0.50, 3.00, and 5.00 dS m-1 and three melatonin concentrations - 0, 0.5, and 1 mM) with three replications. At 47 days after planting, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, chlorophyll content (a, b, and total), relative water content, leaf moisture, and electrolyte leakage were evaluated. Soybean plants tolerated the effects of salinity on growth aspects, photosynthetic pigments, and water relations up to 3.00 dS m-1, regardless of melatonin concentration. Exogenous application of melatonin mitigated the effects of salt stress on chlorophyll b and relative water content at salinity level of 5.00 dS m-1 and concentration of 1 mM. physiological biochemical worldwide damage However biostimulants Therefore pigments SemiArid Semi Arid Region Mossoró RN Brazil blocks 050 0 50 0.50 300 00 500 5 5.0 m1 m m- 05 0.5 mM replications 4 planting height diameter leaves length a, (a total, total , total) moisture evaluated aspects 3.0 m1, 1, 30 5. 0. 3.

RESUMO Os estresses abióticos, como as altas temperaturas, são potencializados pelas mudanças climáticas. O feijão-fava apresenta maior tolerância às altas temperaturas em comparação ao feijãocomum. O conhecimento dessa tolerância as altas temperaturas de germoplasma landraces de feijão-fava é importante para o desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento. Assim, objetivouse com este trabalho verificar a resposta de variedades crioulas de feijão-fava do Banco de germoplasma de Phaseolus da Universidade Federal do Piauí (BGP-UFPI, Brasil) às altas temperaturas, em dois ambientes. Foram avaliadas as cinco variedades crioulas com maior desempenho emissão de flores e vagens formadas (UFPI-945, UFPI1037, UFPI-876, UFPI-1036 e UFPI-1064) e dois ambientes de cultivo natural (29ºC) e controlado (37ºC), utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo uma planta por parcela. Realizou-se a análise de variância e o teste Turkey (P < 0,05) para as dozes variáveis quantitativas, seguidas pela correlação de Pearson. Há variabilidade genética em feijão-fava para tolerância à alta temperatura tanto em ambiente natural quanto controlado. Para os caracteres espessura e largura vagem, número de flores, abortamento de flor e de vagem destacaram-se tanto em ambiente natural quanto controlado o genótipo UFPI-1064. A correlação de Pearson aferiu que o ambiente natural, se sobresaiu com correlações positivas e de altas magnitudes em número e o abortamento de flores. Contudo, em ambiente controlado, o número de vagem e número de sementes por vagem também tiveram correlações de altas magnitudes. abióticos climáticas feijãofava feijão fava feijãocomum melhoramento Assim BGPUFPI, BGPUFPI BGP UFPI, UFPI (BGP-UFPI Brasil UFPI945, UFPI945 945, 945 (UFPI-945 UFPI1037 UFPI876, UFPI876 876, 876 UFPI-876 UFPI1036 1036 UFPI-103 UFPI1064 1064 UFPI-1064 29ºC ºC (29ºC 37ºC, 37ºC , (37ºC) utilizandose utilizando acaso repetições parcela Realizouse Realizou P 0,05 005 0 05 quantitativas destacaramse destacaram UFPI1064. 1064. Contudo UFPI94 94 (UFPI-94 UFPI103 UFPI87 87 UFPI-87 103 UFPI-10 UFPI106 106 UFPI-106 (37ºC 0,0 00 UFPI9 9 (UFPI-9 UFPI10 UFPI8 8 UFPI-8 10 UFPI-1 0, (UFPI- UFPI1 UFPI- 1 (UFPI

ABSTRACT Effects of abiotic stresses, such as high temperature, on plants are exacerbated by climate change. Lima beans exhibit higher tolerance to high temperatures than the common beans. Understanding the tolerance of lima bean landrace germplasm to high temperatures is important to improve their breeding. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the high temperature responses of lima bean landrace varieties obtained from the Phaseolus Germplasm Bank at Universidade Federal do Piauí (BGP-UFPI, Brazil) in two environments. Five landraces showing the best performance in emission of flowers and number of pods formed (UFPI-945, UFPI1037, UFPI-876, UFPI-1036, and UFPI-1064) were evaluated in two cultivation environments, natural (29 ºC) and controlled (37 ºC), using a completely randomized design with four replications, with each plot consisting of a single plant. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (P < 0.05) were performed for 12 quantitative traits, followed by Pearson’s correlation analysis. Lima beans exhibited genetic variability in high temperature tolerance in both natural and controlled environments. Specifically, UFPI-1064 exhibited superior performance with higher pod thickness and width and number of flowers and lower flower and pod abortion than the other varieties in both natural and controlled environments. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed positive and strong correlations between the number of flowers and flower abortion in the natural environment and number of pods and seeds per pod in the controlled environment. stresses change breeding Therefore study BGPUFPI, BGPUFPI BGP UFPI, UFPI (BGP-UFPI Brazil environments UFPI945, UFPI945 945, 945 (UFPI-945 UFPI1037 UFPI876, UFPI876 876, 876 UFPI-876 UFPI1036, UFPI1036 1036, 1036 UFPI-1036 UFPI1064 1064 29 (2 ºC 37 (3 ºC, , replications plant Tukeys Tukey s P 0.05 005 0 05 1 traits Pearsons Pearson Specifically UFPI-106 UFPI94 94 (UFPI-94 UFPI103 UFPI87 87 UFPI-87 103 UFPI-103 UFPI106 106 2 ( 3 0.0 00 UFPI-10 UFPI9 9 (UFPI-9 UFPI10 UFPI8 8 UFPI-8 10 0. UFPI-1 (UFPI- UFPI1 UFPI- (UFPI

RESUMO Compostos derivados de petróleo presentes no solo podem comprometer o crescimento das plantas e inibir o desenvolvimento da população microbiana. Esses contaminantes diminuem a porosidade do solo, dificultam a absorção de água e podem interromper processos metabólicos das plantas. Assim, nesta pesquisa buscou-se avaliar os efeitos da presença no solo de três hidrocarbonetos no solo sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento de espécies forrageiras e nos indicadores microbiológicos do solo. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em fatorial de 5×4, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelas espécies avaliadas (Pennisetum glaucum, Zea mays, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Panicum maximum e Sorghum bicolor), e o segundo fator correspondendo a presença dos contaminantes: benzeno, tolueno ou xileno e solo sem contaminante. As espécies foram cultivadas por 42 dias. A tolerância das espécies dependeu do tipo de contaminante presente no solo. A massa seca total da P. glaucum foi reduzida em 26%, 10% e 32% para o tolueno, benzeno e xileno, respectivamente. Z. mays teve o crescimento reduzido na presença do tolueno (13%) e do benzeno (21%). S. bicolor teve sua matéria seca aumentada em 58% com o xileno. B. ruziziensis e P. maximum foram tolerantes para todos os contaminantes. A magnitude dos efeitos dos contaminantes nos indicadores microbiológicos do solo dependeu da espécie cultivada. A tolerância das plantas e da comunidade microbiana do solo aos contaminantes depende da espécie forrageira utilizada e deve ser aspecto importante para a seleção de plantas para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Assim buscouse buscou se casualizados repetições 54 5 4 5×4 Pennisetum bicolor, , bicolor) dias P 26 26% 10 32 respectivamente Z 13% 13 (13% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) S 58 B cultivada degradadas 5× 2 1 3 (13 (21% (1 (21 ( (2

ABSTRACT Oil-derived compounds present in the soil can compromise plant growth and inhibit the development of the microbial population. These contaminants reduce soil porosity, hinder water absorption, and can disrupt plant metabolic processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the presence of three hydrocarbons in the soil on the growth and development of forage species and on soil microbiological indicators. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a 5×4 factorial, with the first factor consisting of the species evaluated (Pennisetum glaucum, Zea mays, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Panicum maximum and Sorghum bicolor) and the second factor corresponding to the presence of contaminants: benzene, toluene or xylene and soil without contaminants. The species were grown for 42 days. The tolerance of the species depended on the type of contaminant present in the soil. The total dry matter of P. glaucum was reduced by 26%, 10% and 32% for toluene, benzene and xylene, respectively. Z. mays had its growth reduced in the presence of toluene (13%) and benzene (21%). S. bicolor had its dry matter increased by 58% with xylene. B. ruziziensis and P. maximum were tolerant to all contaminants. The magnitude of the effects of contaminants on soil microbiological indicators depended on the species grown. The tolerance of plants and soil microbial community to contaminants depends on the forage species used and should be an important aspect when selecting plants to restore degraded areas. Oilderived Oil derived population porosity absorption processes replications 54 5 4 5× factorial Pennisetum days P 26 26% 10 32 respectively Z 13% 13 (13% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) S 58 B areas 2 1 3 (13 (21% (1 (21 ( (2