RESUMO Objetivo: comparar sinais sugestivos de estresse entre crianças com transtornos de aprendizagem (com e sem intervenção fonoaudiológica) e em crianças sem qualquer dificuldade escolar, além de verificar sinais sugestivos de estresse entre os grupos de acordo com o sexo dos participantes. Métodos: participaram do estudo 25 crianças com transtorno de aprendizagem, 10 com diagnóstico, porém sem intervenção e 15 em intervenção fonoaudiológica, e 25 crianças sem queixas de aprendizagem. Em todos os grupos foi aplicada uma escala de estresse infantil. Resultados: observou-se que 43% das crianças com transtorno de aprendizagem sem intervenção, 56% das crianças com transtorno de aprendizagem em terapia e 83% das crianças sem o transtorno, apresentaram sinais de alerta. Estas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significantes. Também não foi encontrada esta diferença entre os sexos. Conclusão: nos dois grupos houve alta frequência de sinais de alerta para o estresse infantil, mostrando que este pode não ser um fator determinante no desempenho escolar na amostra estudada.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to compare suggestive signs of stress in children with learning disorders (with and without speech-language intervention) and in children without learning problems, and to identify suggestive signs of stress among groups according to the gender of the participants. Methods: the study included 25 children with learning disorder. Of these children, 10 were diagnosed, but without intervention and 15 children were receiving speech-language intervention. Also 25 children without any learning problems participated in the study. In all groups, a children's stress scale was applied. Results: it was observed that 43% of children with learning problems without intervention, 56% of children with learning problems in intervention and 83% of children without learning problem, showed warning signs for child stress. These differences were not statistically significant. In addition, were not found differences between genders. Conclusion: in all groups, there was a high frequency of warning signs for child stress, showing that this may not be a determining factor in academic achievement in the study sample.

Background Electrical stimulation is commonly recommended to treat urinary incontinence in women. It includes several techniques that can be used to improve stress, urge, and mixed symptoms. However, the magnitude of the alleged benefits is not completely established. Objectives To determine the effects of electrical stimulation in women with symptoms or urodynamic diagnoses of stress, urge, and mixed incontinence. Search Strategy: Our review included articles published between January 1980 and January 2012. We used the search terms “urinary incontinence”, “electrical stimulation”, “intravaginal”, “tibial nerve” and “neuromodulation” for studies including female patients. Selection Criteria We evaluated randomized trials that included electrical stimulation in at least one arm of the trial, to treat women with urinary incontinence. Data Collection and Analysis Two reviewers independently assessed the data from the trials, for inclusion or exclusion, and methodological analysis. Main Results A total of 30 randomized clinical trials were included. Most of the trials involved intravaginal electrical stimulation. Intravaginal electrical stimulation showed effectiveness in treating urge urinary incontinence, but reported contradictory data regarding stress and mixed incontinence. Tibial-nerve stimulation showed promising results in randomized trials with a short follow-up period. Sacral-nerve stimulation yielded interesting results in refractory patients. Conclusions Tibial-nerve and intravaginal stimulation have shown effectiveness in treating urge urinary incontinence. Sacral-nerve stimulation provided benefits in refractory cases. Presently available data provide no support for the use of intravaginal electrical stimulation to treat stress urinary incontinence in women. Further randomized trials are necessary to determine the magnitude of benefits, with long-term follow-up, and the effectiveness of other electrical-stimulation therapies.

Resumo: A Bacia do Amazonas compreende uma área de aproximadamente 500.000 km2 abrangendo parte dos estados do Pará e Amazonas. A região estudada localiza-se na porção sudoeste da bacia, próximo à cidade de Itaituba (PA), e contém rochas da cobertura sedimentar fanerozóica e do embasamento aflorante na Província Amazônia-Central. A análise estrutural multiescala consistiu da integração da análise de imagens (interpretação de lineamentos em imagens SRTM, com auxílio de dados aeromagnetométricos) e dados de campo para determinação do arcabouço estrutural e caracterização das fases de deformação pós-paleozóicas locais. A partir dos dados das falhas e sistemas de juntas, zonas de cisalhamento, estrias e steps descritos foram realizadas análises estruturais descritivas e cinemáticas. A aplicação de métodos para determinação de paleotensão permitiu estabelecer diferentes direções de esforços compressivos e distensivos. Os resultados indicam pelo menos três fases de deformação atuantes a partir do fnal do Paleozóico. A primeira fase (F1) apresenta cinemática destral e posição das principais estruturas N60-70E. A tensão máxima (σ1) é compatível com sua deformação compressiva, embora ainda em contexto transcorrente e pode ser relacionada às orogenias responsáveis pela formação do Pangea ao fnal do Permiano. A fase F2 caracterizada pela presença de falhas normais de direção NE coincide com a direção geral dos diques cartografados na região e, provavelmente, tem ligação com o magmatismo Penatecaua de idade Jurássica. A fase F3 está relacionada a um sistema conjugado composto pelas estruturas N50-70W (sinistral) e N60-70E (destral) com direção de σ1 E-W. Somente esta fase parece ter afetado rochas cenozóicas e, possivelmente, corresponde à propagação de tensões da subducção na região dos Andes.

Abstract: The Amazon Basin has an area of approximately 500.000 km2 covering part of the states of Pará and Amazonas. The region studied is located in the southwest portion of the basin (near of Itaituba - PA city) and contains sedimentary rocks of the Fanerozoic cover and the basement in the Amazon Central Province. Structural analysis consisted of multiscale analysis and integration of images analysis (recognition of morphotectonics features in images SRTM, using data from aeromagnetometria) and using data from the feld to determine structural framework and defne the stages of post-paleozoic strain that hit the area. From the data of failures and systems of joints, shear zones, slickenside and steps found in outcrops, were developed the structural and kinematic analysis. The application of the method to determin the paleostress could to set the position of stress. The results indicate at least 3 stages of strain active at the end of the Paleozoic. The frst phase (F1) has dextral kinematic and structure frontal position N60-70E, for maximum stress (σ1), allows the compressive stresses, although in a transcurrent context, correlated to the orogeny responsible for the formation of Pangea at the end of the Permian. The second phase (F2) is characterized by the presence of normal faults of NE direction coincident with the positioned dikes in the region, may be related to magmatism Penatecaua. The third phase (F3) would be related to a system composed of the combined structures N50-70W (sinistral) and N60-70E (dextral) with direction of σ1 E-W. Only this phase appears to have affected the cenozoic rocks, and probably is related to the spread of strains of Andean subduction.