RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o padrão de distribuição espacial dos casos de hepatite causada pelo vírus B (HBV) e a mortalidade atribuída a esse agravo em todo o território nacional, nos anos de 2005, 2016 e 2017. Métodos : Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de análise espacial, utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Sistema Nacional de Mortalidade. Analisaram-se as taxas de detecção e mortalidade de HBV. A análise espacial no período de 2005 a 2017 foi realizada por meio do Índice Global de Moran para os dados globais e dos Indicadores Locais de Associação Espacial (Lisa) para os 5.564 municípios do país. Resultados : A região Norte destaca-se pelas maiores taxas de detecção e mortalidade de HBV do país. O Índice Global de Moran revelou uma correlação espacial dos casos de HBV no Brasil, e o Lisa Map evidenciou a presença de bolsões (tipo high-high), principalmente na região Norte e também em alguns municípios de Santa Catarina, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito Santo, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Conclusão : A análise espacial do padrão de distribuição do HBV no Brasil revela áreas com grande concentração de casos, particularmente no Norte do país e em outros pontos distribuídos pelo território nacional. Esses dados reforçam a urgência de ações de intervenção relativas a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da hepatite B.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the pattern of spatial distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) cases and the mortality attributed to this disease throughout the Brazilian territory, in 2005, 2016 and 2017. Methods: This is an ecological study of spatial analysis, using data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases and the Brazilian Mortality Information System. HBV detection and mortality rates were analyzed. The spatial analysis from 2005 to 2017 was held through the Global Moran’s Index (I) for global data and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) for the 5,564 municipalities of the country. Results: The North region stands out with the highest HBV detection and mortality rates in the country. The Global Moran’s I showed a spatial correlation of HBV cases in Brazil, and the LISA Map evidenced the presence of hotspots or spatial clusters (high-high type), mainly in the North region and also in some municipalities of Santa Catarina, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito Santo, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Conclusion: The spatial analysis of the HBV distribution pattern in Brazil shows areas with a large concentration of cases, particularly in the North of the country and in other points distributed throughout the national territory. These data reinforce the urgency of intervention actions related to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o padrão de distribuição espacial dos casos de hepatite causada pelo vírus B (HBV) e a mortalidade atribuída a esse agravo em todo o território nacional, nos anos de 2005, 2016 e 2017. Métodos : Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de análise espacial, utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Sistema Nacional de Mortalidade. Analisaram-se as taxas de detecção e mortalidade de HBV. A análise espacial no período de 2005 a 2017 foi realizada por meio do Índice Global de Moran para os dados globais e dos Indicadores Locais de Associação Espacial (Lisa) para os 5.564 municípios do país. Resultados : A região Norte destaca-se pelas maiores taxas de detecção e mortalidade de HBV do país. O Índice Global de Moran revelou uma correlação espacial dos casos de HBV no Brasil, e o Lisa Map evidenciou a presença de bolsões (tipo high-high), principalmente na região Norte e também em alguns municípios de Santa Catarina, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito Santo, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Conclusão : A análise espacial do padrão de distribuição do HBV no Brasil revela áreas com grande concentração de casos, particularmente no Norte do país e em outros pontos distribuídos pelo território nacional. Esses dados reforçam a urgência de ações de intervenção relativas a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da hepatite B.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the pattern of spatial distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) cases and the mortality attributed to this disease throughout the Brazilian territory, in 2005, 2016 and 2017. Methods: This is an ecological study of spatial analysis, using data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases and the Brazilian Mortality Information System. HBV detection and mortality rates were analyzed. The spatial analysis from 2005 to 2017 was held through the Global Moran’s Index (I) for global data and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) for the 5,564 municipalities of the country. Results: The North region stands out with the highest HBV detection and mortality rates in the country. The Global Moran’s I showed a spatial correlation of HBV cases in Brazil, and the LISA Map evidenced the presence of hotspots or spatial clusters (high-high type), mainly in the North region and also in some municipalities of Santa Catarina, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito Santo, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Conclusion: The spatial analysis of the HBV distribution pattern in Brazil shows areas with a large concentration of cases, particularly in the North of the country and in other points distributed throughout the national territory. These data reinforce the urgency of intervention actions related to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B.

The cotton plant, Gossypium hirsutum, hosts various pests that damage different structures. Among these pests, Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) and Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are considered important. The objectives of this study were to characterize and to quantify the potential damage of S. eridania and S. cosmioides feeding on different structures of cotton plants. For this purpose, newly-hatched larvae were reared on the following plant parts: leaf and flower bud; leaf and boll; flower bud or boll; and leaf, flower bud and boll. The survival of S. cosmioides and S. eridania was greater than 80% and 70% for larvae fed on cotton plant parts offered separately or together, respectively. One larva of S. eridania damaged 1.7 flower buds, but did not damage bolls, while one larva of S. cosmioides damaged 5.2 flower buds and 3.0 cotton bolls. Spodoptera eridania and S. cosmioides can be considered species with potential to cause economic damage to cotton plants because they can occur throughout cotton developmental stages causing defoliation and losses of reproductive structures. Therefore, the results validate field observations that these two species of Spodoptera are potential pests for cotton.

In this work, the survey of simuliid species and the study of their spatial distribution in four streams of a small watershed situated in Londrina, Paraná State, were carried out from January to October 2007. Changes in the species composition of the breeding sites were also checked along the sampling months. Seventeen black fly species were found, being Simulium botulibranchium Lutz, Simulium travassosi d'Andretta & d'Andretta, Simulium anamariae Vulcano, Simulium brachycladum Lutz & Pinto and Simulium metallicum s. l. Bellardi new records for Paraná State. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that the environmental variables most correlated to the species distribution among sample sites were water conductivity and those linked to physical dimensions of the breeding sites, like width, depth and water velocity. The matrix of faunistic similarity among collecting dates was negatively correlated to the time interval of sampling matrix for three of the water bodies studied, showing the existence of temporal changes in the species composition. According to Multiple Regression Analysis, temporal abundance variation of Simulium perflavum Roubaud, Simulium inaequale Paterson & Shannon and Simulium lutzianum s. l. Pinto was not linked to air temperature, photoperiod and rainfall, suggesting the influence of other factors, probably those directly associated to specific breeding site conditions. The results indicate that differences in physical and chemical characteristics among water bodies may affect the taxonomic composition of simuliids in this watershed.