ABSTRACT Introduction: As coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) spread worldwide and social restrictions were intensified, difficulties in blood supply were expected to result in a shortage of blood donors, logistic issues and a change in blood consumption. Consequences could be detrimental to the meeting of the blood supply demand, especially in a decentralized blood bank in the State of São Paulo responsible for providing blood to more than 100 hospitals, mostly of the public health system. Aiming to minimize negative effects and focusing on maintenance of the blood supply, a different approach was discussed and adopted. Materials and methods: Briefly, strategies were related to monitoring and promoting measures to achieve a positive RBC unit balance. Thus, the number of donors, transfusions, RBC unit inventory, RBC unit loss and RBC units within up to 5 days from the expiration date were evaluated. Results: Several strategies were adopted to ensure sufficient availability of RBC units: blood donation was improved with social media and extra blood collections, a restrictive transfusion protocol was implemented, a new logistic process to use RBC units closer to the expiration date was established and non-isogroup transfusions were avoided. Conclusion: Altogether, described strategies were crucial to optimize blood storage during the pandemic. Investing in monitoring and logistics contributed to a positive RBC unit balance and conserving these strategies could be useful.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os gastos públicos em saúde destinados aos serviços ambulatoriais em Fonoaudiologia nas cinco Regiões Federativas do Brasil. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo ecológico realizado por meio da busca de dados secundários disponíveis em uma plataforma virtual de domínio público, DATASUS (Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde). Os dados coletados referiram-se aos valores aprovados para os procedimentos da Fonoaudiologia no período de 2009 a 2018 nas cinco Regiões Federativas. Adotou-se análise descritiva dos dados e exposição dos resultados em valores absolutos, relativos e taxas de crescimento. Resultados Verificou-se que o investimento médio em reais (R$), por ano, nos serviços de Fonoaudiologia no Brasil foi de, aproximadamente, R$ 223.952.639.232,00; sendo 47,2% dos recursos destinados à Região Sudeste. Dentre as grandes áreas de especialização, a Audiologia foi responsável por 95,4% do investimento, seguida pelas áreas da Linguagem (4,0%), Motricidade Orofacial (0,5%) e Voz (0,1%). Conclusão Os serviços fonoaudiológicos demandam considerável parcela dos recursos públicos, sendo a área da Audiologia responsável por quase metade desses gastos, seguida pelas grandes áreas da Linguagem, Motricidade Orofacial e Voz.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze public spending on health services to outpatient services in Speech Therapy in the five federative regions of Brazil. Methods This is an ecological study carried out through the search for secondary data available on a public domain virtual platform, DATASUS. The collected data refer to the values approved for the Speech Therapy procedures in the period from 2009 to 2018 in the five federative regions. Descriptive analysis of data and exposure of results in absolute and relative values and growth rates were adopted. Results It was found that the average investment in reais, per year, in speech therapy services in Brazil was approximately R$ 223,952,639,232.00, with 47.2% of the resources destined for the Southeast region. Among the major areas of specialization, Audiology accounted for 95.4% of the investment, followed by Language (4.0%), Orofacial Motricity (0.5%) and Voice (0.1%). Conclusion The findings indicate that speech therapy services demand a considerable portion of public resources, with the area of Audiology being responsible for almost half of these expenses, followed by the large area of Language, Orofacial Motricity and Voice.

Resumo Introdução: O metaborreflexo, ativado pelo acúmulo de metabólitos durante o exercício, ocasiona vasoconstrição periférica, resultando em elevação da pressão arterial. Indivíduos obesos apresentam redução da endurance muscular inspiratória, sugerindo um acúmulo precoce de metabólitos e, consequentemente, alterações no metaborreflexo inspiratório. Objetivo: Comparar as respostas hemodinâmicas mediadas pelo metaborreflexo inspiratório em indivíduos obesos e em eutróficos. Método: Participaram do estudo vinte indivíduos obesos (31 ± 6 anos, dez homens, 37,5 ± 4,7 kg/m 2 ) e vinte eutróficos (29 ± 8 anos, dez homens, 23,2 ± 1,5 kg/m 2 ) submetidos a avaliação da força muscular respiratória através de manovacuometria. O metaborreflexo inspiratório foi induzido através de exercício resistido a 60% da pressão inspiratória máxima mantido até a exaustão. O protocolo controle consistiu na respiração sem resistência inspiratória (zero cmH 2 O) mantida durante 30 minutos. A pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca foram mensuradas ao longo dos protocolos, realizados em dias distintos e em ordem randomizada. Resultados: O protocolo de indução do metaborreflexo inspiratório induziu aumento das pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média, bem como da frequência cardíaca semelhante em indivíduos obesos e eutróficos. Conforme esperado, no protocolo controle as variáveis hemodinâmicas permaneceram inalteradas. Conclusão: A força muscular inspiratória não variou (p = 0,814) entre indivíduos obesos e eutróficos. Este estudo sugere que indivíduos obesos apresentam respostas hemodinâmicas, induzidas pelo metaborreflexo inspiratório, semelhantes aos indivíduos eutróficos.

Abstract Introduction: Metaboreflex, activated by the accumulation of metabolites during exercise, leads to peripheral vasoconstriction, increasing the blood pressure. Obese individuals have decreased inspiratory muscle endurance, which suggests an early accumulation of metabolites and, consequently, alterations in inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. Objective: To compare the hemodynamic responses mediated by the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex in obese and eutrophic individuals. Method: Twenty obese (31 ± 6 years old, ten males, 37.5 ± 4.7 kg/m2) and twenty eutrophic individuals (29 ± 8 years old, ten males, 23.2 ± 1.5 kg/m2) were included in this study and submitted to respiratory muscle strength evaluation through manovacuometry. Inspiratory muscle metaboreflex was induced by resistive exercise at 60% maximal inspiratory pressure sustained until exhaustion. The control protocol consisted of breathing without inspiratory resistance (zero cmH2O) sustained for 30 minutes. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured throughout the protocols, on different days and in a randomized order. Results: The inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation induction protocol led to a similar increase in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, as well as heart rate in obese and eutrophic individuals. As expected, the hemodynamic variables remained unaltered in the control protocol. Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle strength did not differ (p = 0.814) between obese and eutrophic individuals. This study suggests that obese individuals present hemodynamic responses induced by the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex, similar to eutrophic individuals.

Resumen Introducción: El metaborreflejo, activado por el acúmulo de metabolitos durante el ejercicio, lleva a la vaso constricción periférica resultando en aumento de la presión arterial. Individuos obesos presentan menor resistencia muscular inspiratoria, lo que sugiere un acúmulo precoz de metabolitos y, consecuentemente, alteraciones en el metaborreflejo inspiratorio. Objetivo: Comparar las respuestas hemodinámicas mediadas por el metaborreflejo inspiratorio en individuos obesos y eutróficos. Método: Se incluyeron en este estudio veinte individuos obesos (31 ± 6 años, 10 hombres, 37,5 ± 4,7 kg/m2) y veinte individuos eutróficos (29 ± 8 años, 10 hombres, 23,2 ± 1,5 kg/m 2 ), los cuales se sometieron a evaluación de la fuerza muscular respiratoria mediante manovacuometría. El metaborreflejo inspiratorio se indujo mediante ejercicio resistido al 60% de la presión inspiratoria máxima sostenida hasta el agotamiento. El protocolo de control consistió en respirar sin resistencia inspiratoria (cero cmH 2 O) mantenida durante 30 minutos. La presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca se midieron a lo largo de los protocolos, que se realizaron en días diferentes y en orden aleatorio. Resultados: El protocolo de inducción del metaborreflejo inspiratorio llevó a un aumento similar en las presiones sistólica, diastólica y media, así como a la frecuencia cardíaca en individuos obesos y eutróficos. Como esperado, las variables hemodinámicas permanecieron inalterables en el protocolo de control. Conclusión: La fuerza muscular inspiratoria no difirió (p = 0,814) entre individuos obesos y eutróficos, lo que apunta que los individuos obesos presentan respuestas hemodinámicas inducidas por el metaborreflejo inspiratorio similares a los individuos eutróficos.

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi investigar na literatura a associação entre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e violência física, com ênfase em identificar o preditor entre eles. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, adotando como descritores: “violence”, “alcohool drinking” e “adolescent”. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2014, e que analisassem a associação entre o consumo de álcool e a violência física, usando análise multivariada. Do total de 1667 artigos, 29 se enquadravam nos critérios de inclusão. O consumo de álcool foi a variável mais investigada como preditora do envolvimento em violência física, quando o adolescente é o perpetrador ou a vítima da violência, com associação significativa em 19 estudos. No entanto, quando a vitimização foi investigada como preditora (7 estudos), na maioria destes (6) houve associação significativa com a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas. O consumo de bebida alcoólica se mostrou preditor da violência física, tanto para o adolescente perpetrador quanto para aquele vítima da violência. Entretanto, ter sido vítima de violência na infância e na adolescência também pode levar o adolescente ao consumo do álcool.

Abstract The scope of this integrative review was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence in the literature, with an emphasis on identifying the predictor between them. A search was conducted in the Lilacs, Medline and SciELO databases, adopting “violence,” “alcohool drinking” and “adolescent” as descriptors. It included articles published between 2005 and 2014 that analyzed the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence using multivariate analysis. Of the total of 1667 articles located, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Alcohol consumption was investigated more as a predictor of involvement in physical violence when the teenager is the perpetrator or the victim of violence, with a significant association found in 19 studies. However, when victimization was investigated as a predictor (7 studies), most of these (6) revealed no significant association with the intake of alcoholic beverages. The consumption of alcohol has proven to be the predictor of physical violence for both the teen perpetrator and for the adolescent victim of violence. However, having been the victim of violence in childhood and adolescence may also lead adolescents to alcohol consumption.

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi investigar na literatura a associação entre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e violência física, com ênfase em identificar o preditor entre eles. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, adotando como descritores: “violence”, “alcohool drinking” e “adolescent”. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2014, e que analisassem a associação entre o consumo de álcool e a violência física, usando análise multivariada. Do total de 1667 artigos, 29 se enquadravam nos critérios de inclusão. O consumo de álcool foi a variável mais investigada como preditora do envolvimento em violência física, quando o adolescente é o perpetrador ou a vítima da violência, com associação significativa em 19 estudos. No entanto, quando a vitimização foi investigada como preditora (7 estudos), na maioria destes (6) houve associação significativa com a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas. O consumo de bebida alcoólica se mostrou preditor da violência física, tanto para o adolescente perpetrador quanto para aquele vítima da violência. Entretanto, ter sido vítima de violência na infância e na adolescência também pode levar o adolescente ao consumo do álcool.

Abstract The scope of this integrative review was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence in the literature, with an emphasis on identifying the predictor between them. A search was conducted in the Lilacs, Medline and SciELO databases, adopting “violence,” “alcohool drinking” and “adolescent” as descriptors. It included articles published between 2005 and 2014 that analyzed the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence using multivariate analysis. Of the total of 1667 articles located, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Alcohol consumption was investigated more as a predictor of involvement in physical violence when the teenager is the perpetrator or the victim of violence, with a significant association found in 19 studies. However, when victimization was investigated as a predictor (7 studies), most of these (6) revealed no significant association with the intake of alcoholic beverages. The consumption of alcohol has proven to be the predictor of physical violence for both the teen perpetrator and for the adolescent victim of violence. However, having been the victim of violence in childhood and adolescence may also lead adolescents to alcohol consumption.

Abstract Ungulate tetraparvovirus 2 (UTV2) , formerly known as porcine hokovirus due to its discovery in Hong Kong, is closely related to a Primate tetraparvovirus (human PARV-4) and Ungulate tetraparvovirus 1 (bovine hokovirus). Until now, UTV2 was detected in European, Asian and North American countries, but its occurrence in Latin America is still unknown. This study describes the first report of UTV2 in Brazil, as well as its phylogenetic characterization. Tissue samples (lymph node, lung, liver, spleen and kidney) of 240 piglets from eight different herds (30 animals each herd) were processed for DNA extraction. UTV2 DNA was detected by PCR and the entire VP1/VP2 gene was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. All pigs from this study displayed postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). UTV2 was detected in 55.3% of the samples distributed in the variety of porcine tissues investigated, as well as detected in almost all herds, with one exception. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Brazilian UTV2 sequences were more closely related to sequences from Europe and United States.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o cronograma de amostragem de plantas de alface hidropônica, para ajuste de curvas de crescimento durante o período vegetativo. Foram realizados dois cultivos de alface, variedade Regina, de 8/9/2004 a 19/11/2004 (primavera/verão) e 22/2/2005 a 24/5/2005 (verão/outono), em estufas de plástico do Dep. de Fitotecnia, da UFSM, Santa Maria, RS. A partir do ajuste do modelo co-seno com amostragem diária, registrada como padrão, diferentes intervalos entre as amostragens foram simulados para o ajuste do mesmo modelo. A fim de se encontrar o intervalo adequado, foi comparada a variância de falta de ajuste do modelo de amostragem diária com as variâncias de falta de ajuste dos modelos com diferentes intervalos de amostragens pelo teste F. Os cronogramas de amostragens para ajuste de curvas de crescimento de plantas de alface sob hidroponia, para experimentos de primavera/verão e verão/outono, possuem intervalos iguais a dois dias, para fitomassa seca total da planta e da folha; intervalos de quatro dias, para fitomassa de raiz; e, diariamente, para área foliar.

The objective of this work was to determinate a sampling chronology to adjust lettuce hidroponic growth curves during its vegetative development. The variety Regina was grown from September 8, 2004 until November 19, 2004 (spring/summer) and February 22, 2005 until May 24, 2005 (summer/fall). Plants were placed inside a plastic covered greenhouse in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Based on the adjusted cosine model, daily samples were taken as standard and different sampling intervals were simulated in order to better adjust the same model. To estimate de adequate sampling interval a comparison was conducted between the variance of lack of adjustment of the daily sampling with the variance of lack of adjustment of different samplings intervals using an F test. Sampling chronograms for adjusting crop growth curves of hydroponics lettuce plants for both spring/summer and summer/fall seasons present a time interval of two days for total plant or leaf dry weight and four days intervals for root dry weight or leaf area.