Resumo Introdução: A cocaína é uma das drogas psicoativas mais usadas no mundo, é extraída das folhas da Erytroxylus coca. Seu uso abusivo pode desencadear inúmeras consequências para o corpo humano, inclusive na cavidade oral. Objetivo: Identificar quais as alterações orais mais comumente encontradas nos indivíduos que fazem uso abusivo de cocaína, além das principais formas de diagnóstico e tratamento. Método: Fez-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Lilacs, BBO, LIS, Medline, Sci-ELO, Science Direct e PubMed. Foram usados os descritores ‟cocaína”, ‟boca”, ‟palato” e ‟odontologia” junto de seus sinônimos e variações em inglês, retirados do DeCS e MeSH. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos originais, artigos nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, estudos que envolveram pessoas e sem restrição quanto ao ano de publicação. Foram excluídos estudos feitos em animais, revisões da literatura, capítulos de livros, teses e dissertações. Resultados: Foram identificados 1.373 registros. Desses, 22 artigos foram selecionados para compor a revisão. Diversas alterações orais causadas por uso abusivo de cocaína foram encontradas. As principais foram perfuração do palato, predisposição para doenças periodontais, desordens temporomandibulares, bruxismo, danos aos tecidos orais, cárie dentária, lesões destrutivas da linha média facial, xerostomia e ageusia. Entre as formas de diagnóstico usadas pelos profissionais, a anamnese, exames físicos intraorais e a tomografia computadorizada da região da cabeça e pescoço foram as mais mencionadas. Como tratamento, nos pacientes com perfuração palatina, é feita a reconstrução da área afetada ou o uso de obturadores protéticos. Conclusão: O manejo desses pacientes não é tarefa fácil, pois muitos usuários sequer procuram ajuda profissional. Os profissionais da saúde devem ser capazes de reconhecer tais alterações e manifestações para que sejam feitos diagnósticos e planejamentos de tratamentos oportunos e precisos. DESTAQUES Revisão integrativa que visa detectar alterações orais em usuários de cocaína. Identificaram-se as principais manifestações orais, formas de diagnóstico e tratamento. Necessidade da feitura de boa anamnese e profissionais da saúde capacitados.

Abstract Introduction: Cocaine is one of the most often used psychoactive drugs worldwide, being extracted from the leaves of Erytroxylus coca plant. Its abusive use can trigger several consequences for the human body, including the oral cavity. Objective: To identify the oral disorders that are most commonly found in individuals who abuse cocaine, in addition to the main diagnostic and treatment methods. Methods: An integrative review was carried out on the databases: LILACS, BBO, LIS, MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct and PubMed. The following keywords were used: ‟Cocaína”, ‟Boca”, ‟Palato” and ‟Odontologia”, together with their synonyms and variations in English, obtained from DeCS andMeSH. The inclusion criteria were original articles, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, studies involving individuals, without restriction related to the year of publication. Animal studies, literature reviews, book chapters, theses and dissertations were excluded. Results: In total, 1373 records were identified. Of these, 22 articles were selected to comprise the review. Several oral alterations caused by cocaine abuse were found, primarily perforation of the palate, predisposition to periodontal diseases, temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, damage to oral tissues, dental caries, destructive lesions of the facial midline, xerostomia and ageusia. Among the diagnostic methods used by the professionals, anamnesis, intraoral examinations and head and neck computed tomography were the most frequently mentioned. As for treatment, in patients with palatal perforation, the reconstruction of the affected area or the use of prosthetic obturators is carried out. Conclusion: The management of these patients is not an easy task, as many of the users do not even seek professional help. The health professionals must be able to recognize these manifestations and alterations to establish timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. © 2021 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). HIGHLIGHTS Integrative review aiming to detect oral changes in cocaine abusers. The main oral changes, methods of diagnosis and treatment were identified. Good anamnesis and qualified health professionals are necessary.

Abstract In this study, we investigated the influence of the olfactive stimulus on visual attention. Two groups of 30 subjects participated in two experiments. Both experiments presented two arrays of fruits stimulus intercalated by an olfactive intervention. The stimulus was received in the form of images by the first group and in the form of words by the second group. An eye-tracking device monitored the timekeeping of visual attention dispensed in each stimulus. The results showed that olfactive priming influenced visual attention in both cases but with a greater degree in the images stimulus group. This study shows for the first time that image information is more susceptible to priming olfactive information than wording information. This effect may be associated with the formation of mental images in working memory, aroused by fragrances. 3 intervention eyetracking eye tracking memory fragrances

RESUMO Objetivo: este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia de dois métodos de magnificação visual (microscópio cirúrgico e lupa de pala) para remoção da resina residual em torno de braquetes ortodônticos metálicos. Material e Métodos: os braquetes foram colados no centro da coroa clínica de 60 pré-molares humanos bem preservados. Metade da amostra foi colada com Transbond XT convencional (3M UnitekTM, EUA), enquanto a outra metade foi colada com TransbondTM Plus Color Change (3M-UnitekTM, EUA). Para cada tipo de resina, a escolha do método para remover o resíduo foi determinada por meio da distribuição aleatória dos dentes nos seguintes subgrupos: A (remoção a olho nu, n = 10), B (remoção com a ajuda de lupa de pala, sob uma ampliação de 4x, n = 10) e C (remoção com auxílio de um microscópio cirúrgico, sob uma ampliação de 40x, n = 10). Os braquetes foram descolados e os dentes, levados a um microscópio eletrônico de varredura (SS-X-550, Shimadzu, Japão) para visualização de sua superfície vestibular. A quantificação da resina residual foi realizada por meio do software Image Pro Plus, onde os valores foram comparados utilizando-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste post-hoc de Dunn, ao nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a remoção da resina ortodôntica pigmentada com o auxílio da lente de aumento de pala provou, em geral, ser mais vantajosa, em comparação aos outros métodos testados. Conclusão: não houve vantagem em se usar a TransbondTM Plus Color Change sozinha. Estudos adicionais são necessários para se chegar a uma conclusão definitiva sobre os benefícios da utilização de microscópio cirúrgico.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods of visual magnification (operating microscope and light head magnifying glass) for removal of composite flash around orthodontic metal brackets. Material and Methods: Brackets were bonded in the center of the clinical crown of sixty well-preserved human premolars. Half of the sample was bonded with conventional Transbond XT (3M Unitek TM, USA), whereas the other half was bonded with Transbond TM Plus Color Change (3M Unitek TM, USA). For each type of composite, the choice of method to remove the flash was determined by randomly distributing the teeth into the following subgroups: A (removal by naked eye, n = 10), B (removal with the aid of light head magnifying glass, under 4x magnification, n = 10), and C (removal with the aid of an operating microscope, under 40x magnification, n = 10). Brackets were debonded and teeth taken to a scanning electron microscope (SS-x-550, Shimadzu, Japan) for visualization of their buccal surface. Quantification of composite flash was performed with Image Pro Plus software, and values were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post-hoc test at 5% significance level. Results: Removal of pigmented orthodontic adhesive with the aid of light head magnifying glass proved, in general, to be advantageous in comparison to all other methods. Conclusion: There was no advantage in using Transbond TM Plus Color Change alone. Further studies are necessary to draw a more definitive conclusion in regards to the benefits of using an operating microscope.

OBJETIVO: o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar alterações das tábuas ósseas vestibulares e linguais decorrentes da expansão rápida da maxila (ERM), em pacientes na dentição mista, por meio de tomografia computadorizada (TC). MÉTODOS: a amostra foi constituída por exames de TC helicoidal, realizados de 22 pacientes com dentição mista, dos 6 aos 9 anos de idade (média de 8,1 anos), com atresia maxilar, tratados com expansores do tipo Haas. Os pacientes foram submetidos a tomografia computadorizada helicoidal antes da expansão e após o período de ativação de parafuso expansor, com 30 dias de intervalo entre as fases T1 e T2. A reconstrução multiplanar foi usada para medir a espessura da tábua óssea vestibular e lingual e a altura da crista óssea alveolar dos dentes posteriores decíduos e dos dentes permanentes. As alterações induzidas pela expansão foram avaliadas usando o teste t pareado (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: a espessura das tábuas ósseas vestibular e lingual dos dentes posteriores permaneceu inalterada durante o período de expansão, com exceção dos segundos molares decíduos, que mostraram uma ligeira redução da espessura do osso na região distal. Deiscências ósseas vestibulares não foram observadas nos dentes de suporte após a expansão. CONCLUSÃO: a ERM, realizada na dentição mista, não produziu efeitos imediatos indesejáveis sobre os tecidos ósseos periodontais.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at evaluating buccal and lingual bone plate changes caused by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in the mixed dentition by means of computed tomography (CT). METHODS: The sample comprised spiral CT exams taken from 22 mixed dentition patients from 6 to 9 years of age (mean age of 8.1 years) presenting constricted maxillary arch treated with Haas-type expanders. Patients were submitted to spiral CT scan before expansion and after the screw activation period with a 30-day interval between T1 and T2. Multiplanar reconstruction was used to measure buccal and lingual bone plate thickness and buccal bone crest level of maxillary posterior deciduous and permanent teeth. Changes induced by expansion were evaluated using paired t test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Thickness of buccal and lingual bone plates of posterior teeth remained unchanged during the expansion period, except for deciduous second molars which showed a slight reduction in bone thickness at the distal region of its buccal aspect. Buccal bone dehiscences were not observed in the supporting teeth after expansion. CONCLUSION: RME performed in mixed dentition did not produce immediate undesirable effects on periodontal bone tissues.

INTRODUÇÃO: o aparelho ortodôntico fixo é considerado um fator causador de traumas na mucosa bucal. Com o intuito de controlar o desconforto no tecido mole, diversos ortodontistas recomendam a utilização de uma pequena quantidade de cera utilidade sobre os braquetes como forma de proteção. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, o atrito gerado por dois tipos de protetores de braquetes (protetor de acetato e de resina - PPA e PRT) durante os estágios iniciais do tratamento ortodôntico. MÉTODOS: o atrito gerado pelos protetores no fio ortodôntico foi avaliado em unidades de teste de modelos experimentais. Esses modelos foram ligados a uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos que simulava o alinhamento do canino superior. A comparação intergrupos foi realizada pela ANOVA, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: a fricção apresentada pelo grupo PRT foi estatisticamente maior do que a do grupo controle ao nível de 6mm. Para o atrito máximo, a média do grupo PRT foi estatisticamente maior do que a dos grupos controle e PPA. CONCLUSÃO: o protetor de acetato demonstrou não interferir no atrito entre o fio e a ranhura do braquete ortodôntico.

INTRODUCTION: Fixed orthodontic appliances have been regarded as a common causative factor of oral lesions. To manage soft tissue discomfort, most orthodontists recommend using a small amount of utility wax over the brackets in order to alleviate trauma. This in vitro study aimed at evaluating friction generated by two types of bracket protectors (customized acetate protector [CAP] and temporary resin protector [TRP]) during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment. METHODS: An experimental model (test unit) was used to assess friction. In order to measure the friction produced in each test, the model was attached to a mechanical testing machine which simulated maxillary canines alignment. Intergroup comparison was carried out by one-way ANOVA with level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: The friction presented by the TRP group was statistically higher than that of the control group at 6 mm. It was also higher than in the control and CAP groups in terms of maximum friction. CONCLUSION: The customized acetate protector (CAP) demonstrated not to interfere in friction between the wire and the orthodontic bracket slot.

Objective: This prospective study assessed the stability of Class II treatment with the Bionator, followed by fixed appliances, 10 years after treatment. Material and Methods: The experimental group comprised 23 patients of both sexes (10 boys, 13 girls) at a mean initial age of 11.74 years (late mixed or early permanent dentitions), treated for a mean period of 3.55 years who were evaluated at three stages: initial (T1), final (T2) and long-term posttreatment (T3). A total of 69 lateral cephalograms were evaluated and 69 dental casts were measured using the PAR index. The difference between initial and final PAR indexes, the percentage of occlusal improvement obtained with therapy and the percentage of relapse were calculated, using the PAR index. The variables were compared by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey tests. Results: The significant improvement in apical base relationship, the palatal inclination of the maxillary incisors and the labial inclination of the mandibular incisors, and the significant improvement in molar relationship and reduction of overjet and overbite, obtained with treatment, remained stable in the long-term posttreatment period. There was also significant improvement in the occlusal relationships which remained stable in the long-term posttreatment period. The percentage of occlusal improvement obtained was of 81.78% and the percentage of relapse was of 4.90%. Conclusions: Treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusions with the Bionator associated with fixed appliances showed to be stable in the long-term posttreatment period.

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two manual toothbrushes (conventional and orthodontic). The following clinical parameters were used: VPI (visible plaque index) and GBI (gingival bleeding index). Patients, 64 total (30 males and 34 females), in the permanent dentition, with a mean age of 17.8 years, were randomly selected from a practice specializing in orthodontics. Each participant received audio-visual instructions on oral hygiene as well as a kit of materials containing two manual toothbrushes (orthodontic and conventional). Each toothbrush was randomly allocated to one side of the mouth (split-mouth design) and used for a period of approximately 4 weeks. The VPI and GBI were measured by a single calibrated examiner before (T0) and after (T1) the implementation of interventions. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the VPI values between the groups, and the Student t-test for independent samples was used to compare GBI values. The level of significance was set at 5%. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups at T0 for both VPI and GBI, and at T1 for the GBI. The manual orthodontic toothbrush produced a statistically lower VPI (P < 0.05) at T1, but this did not seem to be of clinical importance.