ABSTRACT: Aerobic respiration declines in the root tissue of soybean plants exposed to waterlogged soil with a low oxygen content, causing metabolic disorders that negatively affect gas exchange and photosynthetic activity, hampering growth and production. As such, this study to investigated daytime gas exchange, relative chlorophyll content, specific leaf area (SLA) and photosynthetic activity curves in response to photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in soybean plants grown under different conditions: no stress (control), shading, waterlogged soil, and waterlogged soil + shading. Soybean plants exposed to either waterlogging or shading and both conditions simultaneously exhibited reduced photosynthesis linked to lower stomatal opening. Plants submitted to shading showed an increase in SLA, quantum yield and photosynthetic rates, while those grown in waterlogged soil, in full sun, exhibited chlorotic leaves and low apparent quantum yield, resulting in low photosynthetic rates under shading and high light levels. Thus, waterlogging and shading in isolation or combined, compromise daytime gas exchange and alter photosynthetic activity in plants. ABSTRACT content production such SLA (SLA PPFD (PPFD control, control , (control) opening sun levels Thus combined (control

RESUMO: Os tecidos radiculares de plantas de soja em solo encharcado, com baixo teor de oxigênio, apresentam reduzida atividade da respiração aeróbica, causando desordens metabólicas que afetam negativamente as trocas gasosas e atividade fotossintética, prejudicando o crescimento e produção. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo investigar as trocas gasosas ao longo do dia, teor relativo de clorofila, área foliar específica e curvas de atividade fotossintética em resposta à densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos de plantas de soja desenvolvendo em condições ambientais distintas: sem estresse, com restrição luminosa, em solo encharcado, e em solo encharcado + restrição luminosa. As plantas de soja expostas ao encharcamento do solo e a restrição luminosa de forma isolada ou em conjunto apresentaram redução da fotossíntese associada à menor abertura estomática. Plantas submetidas a restrição luminosa apresentaram folhas com incremento na área foliar específica, maior eficiência quântica aparente e incremento nas taxas fotossintéticas em ambiente com baixa luminosidade. Plantas em solo encharcado, a pleno sol, apresentaram folhas cloróticas e baixa eficiência quântica aparente e consequentemente apresentaram baixas taxas fotossintéticas sob luminosidade baixa e luminosidade elevada. Desta forma, o encharcamento do solo e restrição luminosa de forma isolada ou conjunta prejudicam as trocas gasosas ao longo do dia e causam alterações na atividade fotossintética das plantas. RESUMO oxigênio aeróbica produção Assim clorofila distintas estresse estomática sol elevada

ABSTRACT. The use of multispectral images has great potential to assess seed quality and represents a significant technological advance in the search for fast and non-destructive analysis techniques. However, the devices currently available are expensive. Thus, this study aimed to propose a low-cost method for acquisition and processing of multispectral images of soybean seeds and to evaluate their potential for rapid determination of seed physiological potential. The study was conducted in three steps: implementation of the multispectral image acquisition system, development of an algorithm for automatic image processing, and evaluation of the relationship between the data obtained through image analysis and the results of standard tests used to evaluate seed physiological potential. A total of 43 variables were assessed, eight related to seed physiological potential (germination and vigor) and 35 obtained from the analysis of the multispectral images. Of the variables obtained from multispectral images, 21 were related to pixel values in the images in the different bands evaluated (green, red, and infrared) and 14 associated with seed morphometric characteristics. The proposed system is efficient in obtaining multispectral images and the algorithm developed was efficient to extract morphometric characteristics and pixel information from the images. The parameters obtained from the NIR spectrum region showed a good relationship with the physiological potential of soybean seeds. ABSTRACT nondestructive non destructive techniques However expensive Thus lowcost low cost steps 4 assessed germination vigor 3 2 green, green (green red infrared 1

Abstract This study aimed to apply selection indexes in situations in which F2 populations and their parents are evaluated simultaneously in field trials to predict population genotypic values and selecting the best populations. Fifteen F2 soybean populations were evaluated for number of days to flowering and to maturity and grain yield. The data was analyzed using restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction (REML/BLUP) to obtain genotypic effects, variance components and accuracies. Four selection methods were compared: genotypic values of the F2 populations (gF2), combined index with the mean genotypic value of parents and F2 population (Ia) and two indexes that add (to gF2 and to Ia) and consider genetic variability within populations (Ib and Ic). The index Ia presented a result similar to that obtained with the gF2 selection method. Selection indexes (Ib and Ic) based on several sources of information were more efficient than selection based on gF2 values only. F yield likelihoodbest likelihood REML/BLUP REMLBLUP REML BLUP (REML/BLUP effects accuracies compared gF2, gF , (gF2) (Ia Ib Ic. Ic . method only (gF2 (gF

ABSTRACT: Microbial biodiversity of an environment can contribute to plant growth and increase crop yield. Plant extracts from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) were investigated on soybean plants grown after inoculation with these extracts. Soil samples were collected from two important Brazilian soybean-growing regions to produce the extracts used in the experiments. The extracts were produced with material collected from aboveground biomass and rhizosphere of soybean plants cultivated in a controlled greenhouse (phase 1). The extracts produced in phase 1 were applied in a sequential experiment (phase 2). Phase 2 was conducted to examine the plant microbiome after the microbial alteration process in the greenhouse through seed inoculation with the extracts produced previously. Samples of aboveground biomass were collected to determine root dry matter and crop yield. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequences were processed to determine the final microbial content of soybean. The inoculated treatments had lower species diversity; however, the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were more abundant in the treatments than in the non-inoculated treatment. The soybean plant stem in the inoculated treatment also had a positive response to enrichment of the bacterial classes Betaproteobacteria, Bacilli and Flavobacteria. Inoculation affected the microbial composition of soybean plants. The alteration of microbiome changes revealed differences for crop yield between the inoculated and non-inoculated treatments, with up to 93.5 % higher crop yields per plant according to the extract applied.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a capacidade geral e a específica de combinação (CGC e CEC, respectivamente) de seis genitores de soja (Glycine max), para identificar aqueles que são promissores e suas melhores combinações para o desenvolvimento de linhagens superiores quanto à precocidade e à produção de grãos, bem como à melhor época de avaliação. Seis genitores e seus 15 híbridos foram avaliados em blocos ao acaso, durante o inverno de 2014 e o verão de 2015/2016, em casa de vegetação. Os dados obtidos para número de dias para florescimento, ciclo e produção foram analisados pelo método 2 de Griffing, modelo 1. Resultados contrastantes foram obtidos para as duas épocas, com ciclo mais curto e maior produtividade no verão. A maior CGC quanto ao ciclo é observada nos progenitores 'MSOY6101' e 'MSOY9144RR', com sinal negativo e positivo, respectivamente. 'TMG123RR' apresenta a maior CGC quanto à produção de grãos. A maior CEC quanto ao número de dias para o florescimento e ao ciclo está associada aos cruzamentos 'SYN9078RR' x 'MSOY9144RR' e 'TMG123RR' x 'MSOY9144RR', respectivamente. No entanto, a maior CEC quanto à produção de grãos é observada em 'MSOY6101' x 'MSOY9144RR', com valor positivo, e 'TMG801' x 'MSOY9144RR', com valor negativo, durante o verão.

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA, respectively) of six soybean (Glycine max) parents, in order to identify the promising ones and their best combinations for the development of superior lines for earliness and grain yield, as well as the best evaluation season. Six parents and their 15 hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, during the 2014 winter and 2015/2016 summer, in a greenhouse. The data obtained for number of days to flowering, cycle, and grain yield were analyzed by Griffing’s method 2, model 1. Contrasting results were obtained for the two seasons, with a shorter cycle and a higher yield in the summer. The highest GCA for cycle is observed for the 'MSOY6101' and 'MSOY9144RR' parents, with negative and positive signs, respectively. 'TMG123RR' shows the highest GCA for grain yield. The highest SCA for days to flowering and cycle is associated with the 'SYN9078RR' × 'MSOY9144RR' and 'TMG123RR' × 'MSOY9144RR' crosses, respectively. However, the highest SCA for grain yield is observed for 'MSOY6101' × 'MSOY9144RR', with a positive value, and for 'TMG801' × 'MSOY9144RR', with a negative value, during the summer.

Resumo: A técnica de análise de imagens multiespectrais para detecção da fluorescência de clorofila (FC) em sementes de soja foi estudada com o objetivo de avaliar a relação entre os sinais da FC e o seu potencial fisiológico. Para dois cultivares, BMX Desafio RR 8473 RSF e 96R10 IPRO, foram utilizados oito tratamentos correspondendo a 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% e 14% de sementes esverdeadas, os quais foram submetidos a diferentes testes de qualidade. Inicialmente, a FC das sementes foi determinada utilizando-se espectros de 660 nm e 730 nm e com as mesmas sementes foram realizados os testes de germinação, condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada de NaCl, tetrazólio e análise computadorizada de imagens de plântulas (Vigor-S). Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com as repetições de cada tratamento. Com o software R®, os dados dos testes de germinação, de vigor e de FC das sementes foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e as médias agrupadas pelo teste de Skott-Knott (p ≤ 0,05). Os coeficientes de correlação linear de Pearson (r) foram calculados para todas as combinações entre as avaliações com significância dos valores r, determinados pelo teste t (p ≤ 0,05) e procedeu-se a análise multivariada de componentes principais. Aumentos proporcionais de sementes esverdeadas contribuem para o aumento nos sinais de fluorescências de clorofila e tem correlação negativa com a qualidade fisiológica das sementes, de modo que níveis acima de 4% de sementes esverdeadas nas amostras resultam em perdas acentuadas no potencial fisiológico. Portanto, a fluorescência de clorofila detectada por intermédio de imagens multiespectrais tem relação inversa com o potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja.

Abstract: The multispectral image analysis technique to detect chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) in soybean seeds was studied to assess the relationship between CF signals and seed physiological potential. Eight treatments, corresponding to 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% green seeds, were used on two cultivars, BMX Desafio RR 8473 RSF and 96R10 IPRO, which passed through different seed quality tests. Initially, the CF of the seeds was determined using 660 nm and 730 nm spectra, and then the germination, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging with saturated NaCl solution, tetrazolium, and computerized seedling image analysis (Vigor-S) tests were performed on the same seeds. A completely randomized design was used, as well as replications of each treatment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the data from germination, vigor, and CF tests using the R® software, and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). Pearson’s linear correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for all combinations among the evaluations with significance of the r values determined by the t-test (p ≤ 0.05), and multivariate analysis of the principal components was performed. Proportional increases in green seeds contribute to an increase in chlorophyll fluorescence signals and have a negative correlation with seed physiological quality; levels above 4% green seeds in the samples result in marked losses in physiological potential. Therefore, the chlorophyll fluorescence detected through multispectral images is inversely related to the physiological potential of soybean seeds.

Resumo Painéis OSSB (Oriented Structural Straw Board) são compósitos produzidos com palha proveniente de resíduos agrícolas e utilizando de adesivo sem formaldeído, cuja principal aplicação se volta para a construção civil como material de fechamento e forros. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do teor de poliuretano no adesivo sobre propriedades físicas e mecânicas do OSSB produzido com SbS (palha de soja) localmente disponível. Quatro composições de poliuretano à base de óleo de mamona (6%, 9%, 12% e 15%, em relação à massa de palha) foram testadas. Painéis OSSB foram avaliados de acordo com os padrões europeus para compósitos à base de madeira; também, uma caracterização física e química da SbS foi realizada. A SbS possui formato irregular, o que reduziu o desempenho mecânico do OSSB devido à baixa densificação do compósito e ao desenvolvimento de trincas transversais na SbS após o processo de fabricação do compósito. O desempenho em testes de flexão estática e inchamento de espessura do OSSB não foi melhorado pelo aumento do teor de adesivo de poliuretano. A SbS apresentou baixo teor de cinzas (menos que 4.3%) e pH neutro, isto indica que estas propriedades químicas provavelmente não afetaram na cura do adesivo.

Abstract Oriented Structural Straw Board (OSSB) panels are composites made from straw originally from agricultural residues and non-formaldehyde based adhesive, whose main application is for construction as a closing and ceiling material. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the polyurethane adhesive content on physical and mechanical properties of OSSB produced with locally available SbS (soybean straw). Four castor oil based polyurethane ratios (6%, 9%, 12% and 15%, by mass of the SbS) were tested. OSSB was evaluated according to European standards for wood-based composites; also, a physical and chemical characterization of the SbS was performed. SbS has an irregular shape, which reduced the OSSB mechanical performance due to the low densification of the composite and the development of transversal cracks on the SbS after the OSSB manufacturing process. The static bending and thickness swelling performance of SbS OSSB was not improved by the increase of polyurethane adhesive content. SbS low ash content and neutral pH extractives indicates that probably its chemical properties should not affect the setting of the adhesive.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the nutritional quality, yield, and storage protein modulation in soybean grains in response to levels and sources of sulfur (S) in a dystrophic Ultisol. We used five levels of S (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg –1 ) and four sources of S (elemental S pastille - ESPA, gypsum - GY, gypsite - GI and elemental S powder - ESPO). Plants treated with 50 mg kg –1 of GY, GI, and ESPO and 200 mg kg –1 of ESPA had the largest grain yield values. Low S supply resulted in lower yields for all S sources tested. Sulfur deficiencies were observed at all levels for ESPA, resulting in lower concentrations of globulin and higher concentration of glutelin and albumin in the grains, possibly because the S content in the leaf was below the range adequate for soybean, leading to in lower yield values. In general, the application of S sources (GY, GI, and ESPO) increased all protein fractions. The results show that proper application of S is essential to optimize soybean yield and increase storage proteins in the grains. The granulometry of ESPA and ESPO fertilizers was a key factor for the availability of S to soybean plants. This study presents relevant information on S fertilization of soybeans, which could provide better grain nutritional quality and increased storage proteins with benefits to animal health.

RESUMO: O manejo do mofo branco (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) tem sido um dos principais limitantes de produção enfrentados por produtores de soja. Tendo em vista a complexidade do manejo desta doença e da estrutura de resistência do patógeno, o presente trabalho foi conduzido nos municípios de Guarapuava e Palmas - Paraná visando o manejo do mofo branco na cultura da soja utilizando palhadas de cereais de inverno, aveia, centeio e triticale. Inicialmente, cultivou-se os diferentes cereais de inverno, simultaneamente, nas duas áreas de estudo (Guarapuava e Palmas - PR). Avaliou-se a produção de palhada, a altura de plantas, a massa verde e seca da parte aérea. Posteriormente, semeou-se soja ‘BMX Apolo’ sobre as palhadas de cereais e avaliou-se a incidência e a severidade do mofo branco. No experimento in vitro, adicionou-se 20 escleródios cobertos por uma camada de palhas (aveia, centeio e triticale) e após 98 dias, observou-se germinação carpogênica somente no tratamento testemunha. Independentemente do local de estudo, o centeio destacou-se com maiores altura e massa verde. O cultivo sobre palhada de cereais de inverno reduziu a incidência e severidade de mofo branco com destaque para a palhada de centeio, reduzindo a incidência da doença em 77,7% e 76,6%, em Palmas e Guarapuava, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT: The management of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) De Bary) has been one of the main production limitations faced by soybean (Glycine max L.) producers. Considering the complex management of this disease and resistance structure of the pathogen, the present study was conducted in the municipalities of Guarapuava and Palmas in Paraná with the objective of managing the white mold of soybean using straws of winter cereals, such as oat, rye, and triticale. Initially, the three winter cereals were cultivated simultaneously in both the study areas. Straw production, plant height, and shoot fresh and dry weight were evaluated. Subsequently, BMX Apollo soybean was cultivated on cereal straws, and the incidence and severity of white mold were evaluated. In the in vitro experiment, 20 sclerotia covered by a layer of cereal (oat, rye, and triticale) straws were added and carpogenic germination was observed only in the control treatment after 98 days. Regardless of the study site, rye presented greater height and fresh weight than the remaining two cereals. Soybean cultivation on winter cereal straw reduced the incidence and severity of white mold. Cultivation on rye straw reduced mold incidence by 77.7% and 76.6% in Palmas and Guarapuava, respectively.

ABSTRACT: Successive cycles of water absorption and loss favor weathering deterioration, one of the main factors that affect the quality of soybean seeds. This study evaluated the physiological, physical, and morpho-anatomical changes in soybean seeds under weathering deterioration at the pre-harvest phase. Six soybean cultivars (BMX Apolo, DM 6563, NS 5959, NA 5909, BMX Potência, and TMG 1175) were produced in a greenhouse and underwent weathering deterioration through a rainfall simulation system, applying 0, 60, 120, and 180 mm of precipitation at pre-harvest phase. Each rainfall level was divided into two applications at an interval of 72 h: 60 mm (30 + 30), 120 mm (60 + 60), and 180 mm (90 + 90). After harvest, the seeds were evaluated for germination, vigor, physical and morpho-anatomical properties. Weathering deterioration induced by simulated rainfall at the pre-harvest phase contributes to the reduction in soybean seed germination and vigor and is conditioned by the soybean genotype. The increase in intensity of simulated rainfall led to a more significant weathering damage in seeds, as evidenced by the X-ray and tetrazolium test. Cultivars DM 6563 and BMX Potência were more susceptible, while NA 5909 was less susceptible to weathering deterioration (especially at the highest level; 120 mm and 180 mm). Anatomical changes caused by weathering deterioration lead to cell compaction and rupture, mainly in the cell layers of the hourglass and parenchyma, forming intracellular spaces. The presence of weathering damage caused a reduction in physiological soybean seed quality.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do remineralizador de solo finos de mica xisto (FMS) na fisiologia, na produtividade e na qualidade de grãos de soja (Glycine max) em diferentes regimes hídricos (RHs), no Cerrado brasileiro. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo durante dois anos, tendo-se utilizado quatro RHs e três tratamentos: mica xisto, adubação convencional e controle. Em 2017 e 2018, foram avaliados os seguintes RHs: RH1, RH2, RH3 e RH4, que correspondiam ao valor médio de 100, 65, 44 e 28% da reposição da evapotranspiração da cultura, respectivamente. A fotossíntese, a condutância estomática, a transpiração, a concentração interna de CO2, o rendimento quântico efetivo do fotossistema II (FSII) (Fv’/Fm’), o rendimento quântico (FSII) (ᶲFSII) e a taxa de transporte de elétrons reduziram em função do avanço da fase fenológica da soja e da redução do RH. A qualidade dos grãos foi afetada apenas pelo RH. O mica xisto foi estatisticamente semelhante à adubação convencional e ao controle em 2017 e 2018. A produtividade reduziu devido à antecipação da idade fenológica da soja e do RH, mas não houve diferenças entre os três tratamentos em 2017 e 2018. A redução da produtividade da soja é atribuída ao fechamento estomático, à perda da capacidade fotoprotetora e aos danos ao maquinário fotossintético causados pela seca.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the soil remineralizer fine-graded mica schist (FMS) on soybean (Glycine max) physiology, yield, and grain quality under different water regimes (WRs) in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was conducted under field conditions for two years, using four WRs and three treatments: mica schist, conventional fertilization, and control. In 2017 and 2018, the following WRs were evaluated: WR1, WR2, WR3, and WR4, corresponding to a mean value of 100, 65, 44, and 28% of crop evapotranspiration replacement, respectively. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv’/Fm’), quantum yield (PSII) (ᶲFSII), and electron transport rate reduced as a function of the advanced phenological stage of soybean and the reduction in WR. Grain quality was only affected by the WR. The mica schist was statistically similar to conventional fertilization and the control in 2017 and 2018. Yield decreased due to the anticipation of soybean phenological age and WR, but there were no differences between the three treatments in 2017 and 2018. The reduction in soybean yield is attributed to stomatal closure, loss of photoprotective capacity, and damage to the photosynthetic machinery caused by drought.

RESUMO A baixa disponibilidade de água no solo pode alterar atributos morfológicos e processos fisiológicos em soja, limitando o seu desenvolvimento, principalmente em semeaduras tardias. Avaliaram-se trocas gasosas foliares e acúmulo de fitomassa seca em cultivares de soja sob condições de baixa disponibilidade hídrica, em semeadura tardia. Um Latossolo Vermelho de textura muito argilosa foi usado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 × 3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram cinco tensões de água (10 kPa, 15 kPa, 25 kPa, 40 kPa e 60 kPa) combinadas com três cultivares de soja (BRS Favorita, BRSMG 820 e BRSMG 850). As variáveis respostas foram mensuradas aos 55 dias após a emergência. Os valores de condutância estomática, transpiração, taxa de fotossíntese, concentração intercelular de CO2 e eficiência de carboxilação instantânea foram reduzidos significativamente (p < 0,05) com o aumento da tensão de água no solo. As trocas gasosas nas plantas de soja também foram reduzidas com o aumento da tensão da água no solo, e as mais críticas foram observadas a partir de 25 kPa. BRSMG 850 apresentou o melhor desempenho para produção de matéria seca de raízes nesta tensão de água no solo.

ABSTRACT A low availability of water in the soil may alter morphological traits and physiological processes in soybean, limiting its development, mainly at late sowings. This study aimed to evaluate the leaf gas exchanges and dry matter accumulation in soybean cultivars under low water availability at late sowing. An Oxisol with a very clayey texture was employed. A completely randomized design, in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications, was used. The treatments were five water tensions (10 kPa, 15 kPa, 25 kPa, 40 kPa and 60 kPa) combined with three soybean cultivars (BRS Favorita, BRSMG 820 and BRSMG 850). The response variables were measured at 55 days after the emergence. The values for stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with the increase of the water tension in the soil. The gas exchanges in the soybean plants were also reduced with the increase of the water tension in the soil, being the most critical ones observed from 25 kPa. BRSMG 850 showed the best performance for production of root dry matter in this water tension in the soil.

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta um estudo da prestação de serviços sociais básicos do Poder Público pelo setor sem fins lucrativos como política neoliberal que impede o desenvolvimento nacional. De início, aborda a Constituição Econômica e o Estado Social e em seguida mostra o crescimento vertiginoso do setor sem fins lucrativos e das parcerias - voltadas à prestação de serviços públicos essenciais - firmadas entre o setor sem fins lucrativos e o Poder Público no Brasil nos últimos anos. Identifica o caminho da política pública brasileira para uma direção contrária ao desenvolvimento e expõe essa interligação e involução, além de abordar a administração burocrática, sua eficiência e a implementação desse modelo no Brasil. Ao final, defende o fortalecimento do Estado Social, por meio da prestação de serviços públicos sociais básicos diretamente pelo Poder Público como medida necessária a se alcançar o desenvolvimento. O estudo utiliza o método dedutivo com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo como referencial teórico a teoria da burocratização de Max Weber, o conceito de desenvolvimento como liberdade de Amartya Sen e a obra do filósofo André Barata, responsável pela introdução do Estado Social como instrumento frente à austeridade e garantia para sair da crise.

Abstract The paper presents a study on the realization of basic social services of the public power by the non-profit sector as a neoliberal policy that impede the national development. It begins by addressing the Economic Constitution and the Welfare State, and continues to show the rapid growth of the non-profit sector and the partnerships - focused on providing essential public services - established between the non-profit sector and the Public Power in Brazil in recent years. It identifies the path of Brazilian public policy towards a direction contrary to development and exposes this interconnection and involution, besides addressing bureaucratic administration, its efficiency and the implementation of this model in Brazil. In the end, it is advocated the realization of basic social public services directly by the Government as a necessary measure to achieve development. The study was done using the deductive method from bibliographical and documentary research, having as theoretical reference the theory of bureaucratization of Max Weber and the work of the philosopher André Barata, responsible for introducing the Welfare State as an instrument against austerity and guarantee to get out of the crisis.

This article reports a novel virtual screening algorithm seeking the rational identification of novel lead anticoagulants. Seven 5-(3-methyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-tetrazoles and seven novel 1-aryl-4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazoles were obtained in three steps starting from arylhydrazine hydrochlorides as raw materials in good yields: 50-72% and 50-85%, respectively. All compounds were submitted to an in silico target-base pipeline named integrated multiplex analysis virtual screening (IMA-VS), which comprises the evaluation of their (i) fitting physicochemical properties to the chemical environment of the target enzyme; (ii) active-site homing electrostatic potential to the target enzyme; (iii) structural fitting to the target active site through molecular docking; and (iv) overall absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profile. After the virtual selection of potential anticoagulant hits, all molecules were synthesized and candidates were evaluated in vitro for their anticoagulant and hemolytic profile. The most promising candidate pointed out by IMA-VS was compound 1-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole that shown to display factor Xa (FXa)-specific inhibitory activity in vitro, acting as an uncompetitive inhibitor with an inhibition constant (Ki) = 61.16 ± 12.96 µM, in addition to the lowest hemolytic activity of the series. Further experiments revealed the antithrombotic activity of this compound in an in vivo model of arterial thrombosis induced by FeCl3.

Salmonella spp. causes diseases in fowls, when species-specific serovars (Salmonella Pullorum and S.Gallinarum) are present in flocks, and public health problems, when non-typhoid serovars are isolated, as well as possible bacterial resistance induced by the preventive and therapeutic use of antimicrobials in animal production. This study describes the serovars and bacterial resistance of 280Salmonella spp. strains isolated from turkey and broiler carcasses in Southern Brazil between 2004 and 2006. SalmonellaEnteritidis was the most prevalent serovar (55.7%), followed by Heidelberg (5.0%), Agona (4.3%), Bredeney (3.9%), Hadar (3.2%), and Typhimurium (2.9%). Tennessee and S. Enterica subspecies enterica(O: 4.5) were isolated only in turkeys, and Hadar (18.6%) was the most prevalent serovar in this species. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed in 178 isolates (43 from turkeys and 135 from broilers). All isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, polymyxin B, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin, and were resistant to bacitracin and penicillin. Broiler carcass isolates showed resistance to nalidixic acid (48.9%), nitrofurantoin (34.3%), neomycin (9.6%), tetracycline (5.2%), and kanamycin (8.9%); and turkey carcass isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (62.8%), tetracycline (34.9%), and neomycin (30.2%), with a significant difference in turkeys when compared to broiler carcass isolates. These results indicate the need for judicious use of antimicrobials in livestock production, given that the serovars identified are potential causes of food poisoning.