Nitrocarburized coating by plasma electrolytic saturation, PEN/C coatings, have been proposed to increase the corrosion and wear resistance of steel by using a process of low-temperature hydrostatic plasma. The objective of this work is to analyse the wear and corrosion resistance of PEN/C coatings on SAE 1045 steel, using the electrochemical slurry erosion wear test (ESEWT). This test allows the evaluation of the simultaneous effect of erosion wear and electrochemical behaviour on this coating. Thus, it was possible to evaluate the erosive and corrosive effect and the synergy of these phenomena on the PEN/C coated SAE 1045 mass loss rates. ESEWT tests were performed at different times and under different electrochemical conditions: under cathodic protection and open circuit potential (OCP). The PEN/C coating increased the corrosion resistance of SAE 1045. Synergy between the erosive wear and corrosion was the main factor in the mass loss rates of both analysed systems. The synergistic mechanism of the substrate occurred by removing the corrosion product and by activating the surface generated by the erosive process of the particles. The synergistic mechanism of the PEN/C coating occurred with the removal of inherent surface irregularities through the erosive process, combined with localized corrosion. saturation PENC PEN C lowtemperature low temperature 104 ESEWT. . (ESEWT) Thus conditions OCP. OCP (OCP) systems particles 10 (ESEWT (OCP 1

Abstract The present work aimed to develop a new method for assessing the content of mixtures of polymorphic forms I and II of the drug Efavirenz (EFV) by vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Middle (MIR) and Near (NIR) infrared and Raman, using multivariate calibration models. Benchtop and handheld instruments were used for NIR and Raman and a benchtop instrument for MIR. In addition, VIP scores and iPLS, variable selection methods were employed. The infrared techniques showed the best models, with Root Mean Squares Error (RMSE) around 5% (w/w). When MIR and portable NIR instruments were used, this value was lowered to 4% (w/w) with selection of variables by iPLS. Raman spectroscopy showed higher error, even with selection of variables, possibly due to the spot laser size used by instruments and the lack of uniformity of the particle size in the samples. The infrared methods developed were shown to be effective in quantifying polymorphic mixtures of EFV. Given the ease of use of handheld instruments, they may be applied as tools of process analytical technology for monitoring quality control during industrial processing. EFV (EFV (MIR (NIR models addition iPLS employed RMSE (RMSE 5 w/w. ww w/w . w 4 (w/w error samples processing

Organophosphates are prevalent in agrochemicals and chemical warfare agents, posing significant health and safety concerns. These compounds are known for their high chemical stability and to address this issue, nucleophilic catalysts have emerged as a promising solution for their degradation. Herein, we focus on a novel material created through the combined effects of imidazole and crumpled graphene (CG) to develop a nanocatalyst for the neutralization (i.e., degradation) of organophosphates (OPs). The strategy involves the covalent functionalization of CG with imidazole groups without disrupting the three-dimensional structure of CG. This unique combination results in a synergistic effect between neighboring imidazole groups within CG, significantly enhancing the catalytic performance. The catalytic increment (kCAT/kH2O) achieved is in the order of 104, demonstrating the remarkable efficiency of this catalyst. The pioneering and promising use of functionalized CG for addressing concerns with chemical security can boost and be broadened to other applications. agents issue degradation Herein (CG i.e., ie i e (i.e. OPs. OPs . (OPs) threedimensional three dimensional performance kCAT/kH2O kCATkH2O kCATkHO kCAT kH2O kH O (kCAT/kH2O 104 catalyst applications i.e. (i.e (OPs kCATkH kHO 10 i.e 1

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral conditions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents with blood coagulation disorders and hemoglobinopathies (BCDH). The study was cross-sectional and included 61 individuals aged 2 to 18 years with BCDH. Exams for dental caries (dmft/DMFT index), oral hygiene (simplified oral hygiene index – OHI-S), and gingival health (modified gingival index – MGI) were performed. The pediatric quality of life inventory™ (PedsQL™) generic core scale and oral health scale were used to measure HRQoL and OHRQoL. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (ρ) and the Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05) were conducted to assess the relationship between covariates and the PedsQL™ oral health scale. The mean PedsQL™ oral health scale score was 76.66 (SD = 21.36). Worse OHRQoL was correlated with poor oral hygiene (ρ = -0.383; p: 0.004), poor gingival health (ρ = -0.327; p = 0.014), and better HRQoL (ρ = 0.488; p < 0.001). Greater untreated dental caries experience was associated with worse OHRQoL (p = 0.009). Worse oral health status in children and adolescents with BCDH negatively impacts OHRQoL, and OHRQoL and quality of life analyzed from a generic perspective are positively correlated constructs in this population. healthrelated related (HRQoL (OHRQoL . (BCDH) crosssectional cross sectional 6 1 dmft/DMFT dmftDMFT dmft DMFT index, , index) simplified OHIS, OHIS OHI S OHI-S) modified MGI performed inventory PedsQL (PedsQL™ Spearmans Spearman s ρ MannWhitney Mann Whitney α 0.05 005 0 05 7666 76 66 76.6 SD 21.36. 2136 21.36 21 36 21.36) 0.383 0383 383 -0.383 0.004, 0004 0.004 004 0.004) 0.327 0327 327 -0.327 0.014, 0014 0.014 014 0.014) 0.488 0488 488 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 0.009. 0009 0.009 009 0.009) population (BCDH OHI-S (PedsQL 0.0 00 766 7 76. 213 21.3 3 0.38 038 38 -0.38 000 0.00 0.32 032 32 -0.32 0.01 01 0.48 048 48 0. 21. 0.3 03 -0.3 0.4 04 4 -0. -0 -

Abstract The aim was to investigate the differences between maize hybrids for their agronomic yield and their agro-energy potential. The study was conducted in Palotina and Assis Chateaubriand, Paraná, Brazil. The treatments were composed of 10 maize hybrids (DKB290 [non-GMO], DKB315, DKB340, DKB290, Formula, Defender, Status, 2B810, 30F53, BG7330), which were evaluated for grain moisture and yield, starch content, total soluble solids content, ethanol content in the juice and ethanol yield. The important factors for the result are related to grain yield and the quality of the harvested grains, and agronomic performance of these hybrids may differ according to each crop year. Hybrid 30F53 stood out positively for all variables. Hybrid DKB315 showed the highest ethanol yield and high grain yield, and insignificant grain quality was not enough to result in a decline in ethanol yield. agroenergy agro energy potential Chateaubriand Paraná Brazil 1 DKB290 DKB (DKB29 nonGMO, nonGMO non GMO , [non-GMO] DKB340 Formula Defender Status 2B810 B F BG7330, BG7330 BG BG7330) grains year 30F5 variables DKB31 DKB29 (DKB2 [non-GMO DKB34 2B81 BG733 30F DKB3 DKB2 (DKB 2B8 BG73 2B BG7

ABSTRACT Insects are fundamental to biodiversity conservation in almost all ecosystems, and their population decline, and extinction directly result from environmental impacts. These facts are aggravated by the lack of knowledge of insect biodiversity, the so-called biodiversity deficits, especially the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls. In freshwater ecosystems, biodiversity loss is higher among aquatic insects, and caddisflies comprise one of the most vulnerable orders. In this way, research focusing on describing new caddisfly species and understanding their distribution ranges will increase knowledge of caddisfly biodiversity. In the past 14 years, the team from the Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática “Prof. Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich” (LEAq, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil) and collaborators have been addressing these issues, resulting in 55 described species of caddisflies. Taxa in other insect orders have also received attention and an additional 16 species have been described (eight mayflies, four stoneflies, four neuropteran spongillaflies, and antlions). Here, eight caddisfly species are described and illustrated (Atopsyche froehlichi sp. nov., Austrotinodes zeferina sp. nov., Cernotina kariri sp. nov., Neoathripsodes froehlichi sp. nov., Notalina claudiofroehlichi sp. nov., Oecetis marcus sp. nov., Phylloicus froehlichi sp. nov., and Polycentropus claudioi sp. nov.), five of them in honor of LEAq’s patron. In addition, new distributional data are presented for 10 known species. A checklist of the caddisfly fauna of Bahia state is also presented, with 138 species, around 75% and 30% of them recorded and described by the LEAq team, respectively. Currently, for caddisflies, Bahia is the fifth most species-rich state in Brazil, and the first in the Brazilian Northeast region. ecosystems decline impacts socalled so called deficits shortfalls insects way 1 years Prof. Prof “Prof Dr Froehlich LEAq, (LEAq Brazil issues 5 mayflies stoneflies spongillaflies antlions. antlions . antlions) Here Atopsyche sp nov nov. , nov.) LEAqs s patron addition 13 75 30 respectively Currently speciesrich rich region 7 3

ABSTRACT Strategies for conserving natural resources and reducing agricultural inputs are the great challenge for agriculture, such as sustainable alternatives to control agricultural pests of high economic impact, e.g. plant-parasitic nematodes. This work aimed to evaluate phytonematode’s population dynamics in common bean cultivation grown under crop rotations and no-tillage system. The maize was seeded under pearl millet straw and intercropped with three different crops systems: i) exclusive maize system, ii) maize intercropped with brachiaria and, iii) maize intercropped with crotalaria. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three treatments (crops systems) and 4 blocks (5 subsamples each block). The common bean was seeded on the straw of exclusive or intercropped maize. The phytonematode population was evaluated in the soil and in the roots in seven moments: (i) fallow; (ii) pearl millet flowering; (iii) pearl millet maturity; (iv) maize flowering; (v) maize maturity; (vi) common bean flowering; and (vii) common bean maturity. The greatest control of the phytonematodes species described in the area was in the maize intercropped with crotalaria treatment, as the phytonematodes population decreased 2.49-fold in this treatment when compared to exclusive maize, resulting in an increase of 11.27% in common bean yield. Therefore, maize intercropped with crotalaria is a viable alternative to reduce phytonematodes infestation in common bean crop.

Abstract This study aimed to formulate a milk protein concentrate (MPC) and evaluate the effect of this MPC supplementation on body composition, lipid profile, and product acceptability in resistance training (RT) practitioners. The physical, chemical and sensory properties were then analyzed. To evaluate the effect of the MPC supplementation on resistance training practitioners, 30 males were divided into two groups: a control group and an intervention group. Then the participants in the intervention group were supplemented with 500 mL of the MPC (250 mL pre-RT and 250 mL post-RT). Body composition (weight, height, and skinfolds) and biochemical markers (cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured at baseline and at 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment. Body composition results showed that the MPC supplementation during a RT program significantly (p < 0.05) reduced body fat percentage and fat mass, and increased lean mass in RT practitioners. Characterization of the MPC revealed low fat (3.32 ± 0.08%) and carbohydrates (4.58 ± 0.59%), and high protein (18.51 ± 0.51%) concentrations. Additionally, the product showed satisfactory acceptability index (> 71%). Thus, the MPC supplementation contributed to reduction of fat percentage, fat mass, and increase of lean mass in RT practitioners, without lipid profile alterations.

Abstract Introduction: The increase in the incidence of pancreatic and biliary cancers has attracted the search for methods of early detection of diseases and biomarkers. The authors propose to analyze new findings on the association between microbiota and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) or Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Methods: This systematic review was carried out according to the items of Preferred Reports for Systematic Reviews and Protocol Meta-Analysis (PRISMA-P). This study was registered by the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), identification code CRD42020192748 before the review was carried out. Articles were selected from the PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Results: Most studies (86.67%) used 16s rRNA as a sequencing method. The main comorbidities found were diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Many studies were limited by the small number of participants, but the biases were mostly low. There was very little concordance about the composition of the microbiome of different sites, for both case and control groups when compared to other studies’ results. Bile sample analysis was the one with a greater agreement between studies, as three out of four studies found Escherichia in cases of CCA. Conclusion: There was great disagreement in the characterization of both the microbiota of cases and control groups. Studies are still scarce, making it difficult to adequately assess the data in this regard. It was not possible to specify any marker or to associate any genus of microbiota bacteria with PDAC or CCA.

Abstract Banana tree bacterial wilt is caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum Moko ecotype. These strains vary in their symptom progression in banana, and are classified as typical Moko variants (phylotype IIA and IIB strains from across Central and South America), Bugtok variant (Philippines), and Sergipe facies (the states of Sergipe and Alagoas, Brazil). This study used comparative genomic and phylogenomic approaches to identify a correlation between the symptom progression of the Moko ecotypes based on the analysis of 23 available genomes. Average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a high correlation (>96% and >78%, respectively) between the genomes of Moko variants. Pan-genome analysis identified 21.3% of inheritable regions between representatives of the typical Moko and Sergipe facies variants, which could be traced to an abundance of exclusive homolog clusters. Moko ecotype genomes shared 1,951 orthologous genes, but representatives with typical symptoms did not display unique orthologues. Moreover, Bugtok disease and Sergipe facies genomes did not share any unique genes, suggesting convergent evolution to a shared symptom progression. Overall, genomic and phylogenomic analyses were insufficient to differentiate the Moko variants based on symptom progression.

Abstract The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of dextrose-prolotherapy with other substances for pain relief in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. The literature screening was done in January 2021 through Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Database of the National Institute of Health based on the following criteria: randomized clinical trials that subjected patients with primary knee osteoarthritis who underwent treatment with dextrose-prolotherapy and other substances for pain relief. Paired reviewers independently identified 3381 articles and included 8 trials that met the eligibility criteria. According to the findings of this review, participants that underwent dextrose-prolotherapy showed improvements between baseline and posterior assessments and when compared to saline injections, but when compared to other substances, the results were not clear. Although dextrose-prolotherapy is a useful treatment method by itself, it is still not possible to clearly affirm that it is superior or inferior to its counterparts. There is an urgent need for further studies to bring more evidence to the field. HIGHLIGHTS Dextrose injections promote deposition of collagen into injured structures through growth factors and inflammatory cells. Dextrose-prolotherapy is a useful treatment method, but it is not superior or inferior to its counterparts.

Resumo: Apresentamos a primeira lista de espécies de Odonata (Insecta) para o estado do Acre no Brasil, adicionando aspectos ecológicos e notas sobre o seu estado de conservação. O Acre é um dos estados com o menor esforço de coleta da região Norte do Brasil e uma área de importância geográfica, pois é uma transição entre os Andes e a Amazônia. Foram realizadas coletas em 35 riachos, distribuídos em nove municípios e também complementados com informações de dados secundários de revisão na literatura e bases de dados de coleções biológicas. Registramos 140 espécies, distribuídas em 55 gêneros, das quais 16 espécies são novos registros para o estado, tornando-o o segundo em número de espécies na região Norte do Brasil. Das espécies registradas, 113 estão classificadas dentro de alguma categoria de ameaça da lista vermelha da IUCN e 110 na lista nacional do ICMBio. Analisando as informações do conhecimento das espécies, o conhecimento das fêmeas e larvas ainda muito limitado e na maioria das vezes disponíveis apenas para os machos adultos. Pela primeira vez é registrada a ocorrência da Drepanoneura loutoni von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2008) no Brasil, também apresentamos fotos das principais estruturas, com comentários sobre sua biologia. Nosso trabalho mostra a importância da realização de estudos de biodiversidade em áreas ainda pouco estudadas como a do estado do Acre e serve como base para futuras expedições na região.

Abstract: Here we present the first Odonata (Insecta) species list for the state of Acre, Northern Brazil, adding ecological aspects and notes on its taxonomy and conservation status. Regarding Odonata samplings, Acre is one of the least explored states in the northern region of Brazil and an area of geographic importance, as it is a transition between the Andean and Amazon regions. Collections were carried out in 35 streams, distributed in nine municipalities. We also supplemented our database from the review of secondary literature and data from biological collections. We recorded 140 species, distributed in 55 genera, of which 16 species are new records for the state, making Acre state the second in the number of recorded species in northern Brazil. Of the recorded species, 113 are classified within some threat category of the IUCN red list and 110 in the ICMBio national list. Analyzing the taxonomic information on each recorded species, knowledge of females and larvae is still very limited and, most of the time, only available to adult males. For the first time, the occurrence of Drepanoneura loutonivon Ellenrieder & Garrison (2008) is reported for Brazil, and we also present photos of its main morphological characters, with comments on its biology. Our study shows the importance of conducting biodiversity research in poorly studied areas; such as the state of Acre, and serves as a basis for future expeditions in the region.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de polpa cítrica na silagem de milho sobre a composição química e parâmetros de fermentação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: Silagem de milho sem polpa cítrica (0%); silagem de milho com 10% 39 de polpa cítrica; silagem de milho com 20% de polpa cítrica; silagem de milho com 30% de polpa cítrica; silagem de milho com 40% de polpa cítrica e silagem de milho com 50% de polpa cítrica. O pH diminuiu linearmente com à inclusão de polpa cítrica, gerando valores distantes do considerado adequado (3,8 a 4,2). Por outro lado, é possível inferior que nem todos os parâmetros fermentativos foram comprometidos, uma vez que, com a inclusão de 33% de polpa cítrica, é possível estimar 30,82 g/kg total N. Com a utilização 45 de 49% de polpa cítrica, é possível obter 95,16 g/kg de proteína bruta. De 21% a 22% de polpa cítrica, foi obtido 549,89 g/kg de fibra em detergente neutro e 678,11 g/kg de nutrientes digestíveis totais. A inclusão de até 30% de polpa cítrica melhorará significativamente a composição química da silagem de milho, devido à redução nos valores de carboidrato estrutural e aumentos nos nutrientes digestíveis totais e proteína.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of including citrus pulp in maize silage on chemical composition and fermentation parameters. The experimental design was fully randomized with four replicates. Maize silage consisting of 0–50% citrus pulp was produced and analyzed. The pH linearly decreased with the increased inclusion of citrus pulp (3.49 at 50% citrus pulp), which is far below what is considered adequate (3.8–4.2). However, not all fermentation parameters were compromised. At 33% citrus pulp, we estimated 30.82 g/kg total nitrogen. At 49% citrus pulp, we estimated 95.16 g/kg of crude protein. At 21% and 22% citrus pulp, we estimated 549.89 g/kg of neutral detergent fiber and 678.11 g/kg of total digestible nutrients, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the inclusion of up to 30% citrus pulp improves the complete chemical composition of maize silage owing to the reduction in structural carbohydrate values and increases in total digestible nutrient and protein content.

Abstract: COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world in an unprecedented outbreak with a massive number of infected and fatalities. The pandemic was heavily discussed and searched on the internet, which generated big amounts of data related to it. This led to the possibility of attempting to forecast coronavirus indicators using the internet data. For this study, Google Trends statistics for 124 selected search terms related to pandemic were used in an attempt to find which keywords had the best Spearman correlations with a lag, as well as a forecasting model. It was found that keywords related to coronavirus testing among some others, such as “I have contracted covid”, had high correlations (≥0.7) with few weeks of lag (≤4 weeks). Besides that, the ARIMAX model using those keywords had promising results in predicting the increase or decrease of epidemiological indicators, although it was not able to predict their exact values. Thus, we found that Google Trends data may be useful for predicting outbreaks of coronavirus a few weeks before they happen, and may be used as an auxiliary tool in monitoring and forecasting the disease in Brazil.

Abstract Banana vascular wilt or Moko is a disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. This study aimed to sequence, assemble, annotate, and compare the genomes of R. solanacearum Moko ecotypes of different sequevar strains from Brazil. Average nucleotide identity analyses demonstrated a high correlation (> 96%) between the genome sequences of strains CCRMRs277 (sequevar IIA-24), CCRMRs287 (IIB-4), CCRMRs304 (IIA-24), and CCRMRsB7 (IIB-25), which were grouped into phylotypes IIA and IIB. The number of coding sequences present in chromosomes and megaplasmids varied from 3,070 to 3,521 and 1,669 to 1,750, respectively. Pangenome analysis identified 3,378 clusters in the chromosomes, of which 2,604 were shared by all four analyzed genomes and 2,580 were single copies. In megaplasmids, 1,834 clusters were identified, of which 1,005 were shared by all four genomes and 992 were identified as single copies. Strains CCRMRsB7 and CCRMRs287 differed from the others by having unique clusters in both their chromosomes and megaplasmids, and CCRMRsB7 possessed the largest genome among all Moko ecotype strains sequenced to date. Therefore, the genomic information obtained in this study provides a theoretical basis for the identification, characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of R. solanacearum Moko ecotypes.