RESUMO Este relato descreve um cão com anemia e TIM associada ao fenobarbital, tratado com prednisolona, e boa resposta após associação com três transplantes de 2,5x106 células-tronco mesenquimais alogênicas. Após o primeiro transplante, o número de plaquetas melhorou, mas começou a regredir após três semanas. Contudo, pode-se reduzir a dose de corticosteroide. Após a segunda e terceira administrações, observaram-se novos aumentos. A contagem de plaquetas variou de 102.000 a 365.000 até o final do acompanhamento, sem necessidade de aumentar as doses de prednisolona. Embora a terapia com fenobarbital seja associada à trombocitopenia, não foi possível alterar a terapia anticonvulsivante. A resposta à corticoterapia foi parcial. A terapia celular foi associada à melhora na contagem plaquetária, sem efeitos adversos relacionados e, dessa forma, pode ser considerada segura. Efeitos na contagem de plaquetas foram transitórios, mas, até o final do acompanhamento, não se observou trombocitopenia severa. Com base na observação de que o número de plaquetas caiu poucas semanas após a terapia celular, mais aplicações seriam benéficas, no intuito de manter a contagem de plaquetas mais alta. prednisolona 25x106 x 2 5x106 2,5x10 célulastronco células tronco alogênicas transplante melhorou Contudo podese corticosteroide administrações observaramse observaram aumentos 102000 102 000 102.00 365000 365 365.00 acompanhamento anticonvulsivante parcial plaquetária forma segura transitórios severa benéficas alta 25x10 5x10 2,5x1 10200 10 00 102.0 36500 36 365.0 25x1 5x1 2,5x 1020 1 0 102. 3650 3 365. 25x 5x

ABSTRACT This report describes a dog with anemia and ITP, associated with phenobarbital, treated with prednisolone with a good response after association with three intravenous transplantations of 2.5x106 allogenic Mesenchymal Stem-Cells. After the first transplantation, the number of platelets had an improvement, but started to decrease after three weeks. However, the dose of corticosteroid could be reduced. After the second and third administrations, new increases were observed. The platelet count varied from 102,000 to 365,000 until the end of follow-up and without increase of prednisolone doses. Although phenobarbital therapy has been associated with thrombocytopenia, it was not possible to change the anti-convulsant therapy. The response to corticosteroid-based therapy was partial. Cell therapy was followed by an improvement in platelet count with no observed side effects and therefore could be considered safe. Effects on platelet count were transitory, but until the end of follow-up, no severe thrombocytopenia was observed. Based on the observation that platelet numbers dropped a few weeks after cell therapy, more applications would be beneficial in order to maintain higher platelet counts. ITP 25x106 x 2 5x106 2.5x10 StemCells. StemCells Stem Cells. Cells Stem-Cells transplantation However reduced administrations 102000 102 000 102,00 365000 365 365,00 followup follow up doses anticonvulsant anti convulsant corticosteroidbased based partial safe transitory followup, up, counts 25x10 5x10 2.5x1 10200 10 00 102,0 36500 36 365,0 25x1 5x1 2.5x 1020 1 0 102, 3650 3 365, 25x 5x

RESUMO A hepatite crônica (HC) é caracterizada pela substituição dos hepatócitos por tecido fibrótico após injúria, em vez de regeneração do parênquima funcional, e a terapia não é curativa. A terapia com células-tronco tem mostrado potencial para reduzir a fibrose hepática. Este relato descreve o manejo de um cão com HC com abordagem baseada em células mesenquimais. Uma cadela de 13 anos foi atendida com perda de peso, êmese, diarreia e letargia. Previamente, fora diagnosticada com HC. Exames de sangue mostraram hipoalbuminemia, aumento das atividades da alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e fosfatase alcalina (FA), e anemia. Três transfusões de 2,5x106 células mesenquimais derivadas foram realizadas. Após a primeira transfusão, o tutor relatou melhora nos sinais clínicos. A bioquímica sérica evidenciou redução na atividade da FA. Após a segunda administração, houve redução nas atividades séricas da ALT e da FA, que continuaram caindo após a terceira transfusão. Houve aumento nas concentrações de albumina e proteína plasmática total. Após seis meses, o cão retornou para controle. Foram observados avanço na melhora dos sinais clínicos, nova redução na atividade da ALT e leve aumento da FA. A terapia baseada em células-tronco pode ser considerada alternativa promissora para doenças hepáticas crônicas. Neste relato, demonstrou segurança e eficácia. (HC injúria funcional curativa célulastronco tronco hepática 1 peso êmese letargia Previamente hipoalbuminemia (ALT FA , (FA) anemia 25x106 x 2 5x106 2,5x10 realizadas transfusão clínicos administração total meses controle crônicas eficácia (FA 25x10 5x10 2,5x1 25x1 5x1 2,5x 25x 5x

ABSTRACT Chronic hepatitis (CH) is characterized by the replacement of hepatocytes for fibrotic tissue after injury, and treatment is not curative. Stem cell therapy has shown potential to reduce liver fibrosis. This report describes the management of a dog with CH with a mesenchymal cell-based approach. A 13-year old dog was presented with weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. She was previously diagnosed with CH. Blood analysis showed hypoalbuminemia, increased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and anemia. Three 2.5x106 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells transplantations were performed. After the first transplantation, the owner reported an improvement in clinical signs. Biochemistry evidenced a reduction in ALP activity. After the second administration, serum biochemistry showed a decrease in serum ALT and ALP activities, which kept falling after the third transplantation. There was an increase in albumin and total plasmatic proteins concentration. After six months, the dog came back for control and further improvement in clinical signs, new decrease in ALT activity and a mild increase in ALP concentration was observed. Increase in total and plasmatic protein were also observed. Stem cell-based therapy may be considered a promising alternative for liver diseases. It was safe and showed efficacy in this report. (CH injury curative fibrosis cellbased based approach 13year year 13 loss vomiting diarrhea lethargy hypoalbuminemia (ALT ALP, , (ALP) anemia 25x106 x 2 5x106 2.5x10 marrowderived marrow derived performed transplantation signs administration months observed diseases 1 (ALP 25x10 5x10 2.5x1 25x1 5x1 2.5x 25x 5x

RESUMO Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) é um dos parasitas que mais impactam a pecuária de países tropicais e subtropicais, incluindo o Brasil, com perdas em torno de US$ 3,24 bilhões por ano. Ocorrências de populações resistentes a diferentes classes de acaricidas e suas associações têm sido amplamente diagnosticadas em todo o Brasil. Para isso, bioensaios utilizando o teste de pacote larval (LPT) impregnado com cipermetrina e diazinon em diferentes concentrações foram realizados para caracterizar a resistência fenotípica (nível de resistência, RL), a resistência molecular (mutação no domínio III - S6 T2134A) e o metabolismo enzimático do diazinon e da cipermetrina em algumas populações de R. (Boophilus) microplus coletadas em diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo. Dentre as 40 propriedades analisadas, 18 delas apresentaram fatores de resistência à cipermetrina, sendo RL I (53%) e RL II (47%). A mutação do domínio III T2134A foi encontrada pela primeira vez no Brasil, em sete fazendas. Larvas heterozigotas foram constatadas em seis delas, e larvas homozigotas resistentes em quatro. Nenhuma diferença (P>0,05) na atividade enzimática de α-esterase e β-esterase foi observada em testes com larvas vivas e mortas em uma concentração de cipermetrina de 409,6μg/cm2. Noventa por cento das propriedades apresentaram resistência ao agente ativo diazinon: RL I em 6%, RL II em 30% e RL III em 64%. Houve diferenças significativas (P<0,05) na atividade enzimática na concentração mais elevada (3,2μg/cm2) entre os grupos de larvas vivas e mortas.

ABSTRACT Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the parasites that has an impact on livestock farming in Brazil. Bioassays using the larval packet test (LPT) impregnated with cypermethrin and diazinon at different concentrations were performed to characterize phenotypic resistance (resistance level, RL), molecular resistance (mutation in domain III - S6 T2134A) and enzymatic metabolism of diazinon and cypermethrin in some populations of R. microplus that were collected in different regions of the state of São Paulo. Among the 40 farms analyzed, 18 of them presented resistance factors for cypermethrin, with RL I (53%) and RL II (47%). Mutation of domain III T2134A was found for the first time in Brazil, on seven farms. Heterozygous larvae were found on six of them and resistant homozygous larvae on four. No differences (p>0.05) in enzymatic activity of α-esterase and β-esterase were found in tests with live and dead larvae at a cypermethrin concentration of 409.6μg/cm2. Ninety percent of the farms showed resistance to the active agent diazinon: RL I in 6%, RL II in 30% and RL III in 64%. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in enzymatic activity at the highest concentration (3.2μg/cm2).

RESUMO Objetivou-se estimar parâmetros genéticos para dados simulados de peso corporal (PC), largura abdominal (LA), comprimento abdominal (CA) e oviposição (OV). A simulação foi conduzida com base em dados reais, coletados em apiários da região do Campo das Vertentes, Minas Gerais. As estimativas das análises genéticas foram realizadas por modelos uni e bicaracterísticos, sendo os componentes de (co) variância estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita. As herdabilidades para PC, LA, CA e OV foram de 0,54, 0,47, 0,31 e 0,66 respectivamente. As correlações genéticas foram positivas e de alta magnitude para PC e LA (0,80), PC e OV (0,69), LA e OV (0,82) e CA e OV (0,96). Para PC e CA (0,11) e LA e CA (0,26), as correlações genéticas foram moderadas e de baixa magnitude. As correlações fenotípicas foram positivas e de alta magnitude para PC e LA (0,97), PC e CA (0,96) e LA e CA (0,98). Para OV e CA (0,02), OV e LA (-0,02) e OV e PC (-0,03), foram encontradas correlações fenotípicas de magnitude baixa e próximas de zero. Novos estudos devem ser realizados em populações com dados biológicos, a fim de se observar o impacto da seleção em características de interesse econômico.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for simulated data of body weight (BW), abdominal width (AW), abdominal length (AL), and oviposition. Simulation was performed based on real data collected at apiaries in the region of Campo das Vertentes, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Genetic evaluations were performed using single- and two-trait models and (co)variance components were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method. The heritability for BW, AW, AL and oviposition were 0.54, 0.47, 0.31 and 0.66, respectively. Positive genetic correlations of high magnitude were obtained between BW and AW (0.80), BW and oviposition (0.69), AW and oviposition (0.82), and AL and oviposition (0.96). The genetic correlations between BW and AL (0.11) and between AW and AL (0.26) were considered moderate and low. In contrast, the phenotypic correlations were positive and high between BW and AW (0.97), BW and AL (0.96), and AW and AL (0.98). Phenotypic correlations of low magnitude and close to zero were obtained for oviposition with AL (0.02), AW (-0.02), and BW (-0.03). New studies involving these characteristics should be conducted on populations with biological data in order to evaluate the impact of selection on traits of economic interest.

Abstract The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves of Vitex agnus-castus and Ocimum campechianum, and from fresh inflorescences of Ocimum carnosum were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The major components of V. agnus-castus essential oil were identified as 1,8-cineole (47.9%), terpinyl α-acetate (11.6%), sabinene (11.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.7%), while in the O. campechianum essential oil were eugenol (72.1%), β-elemene (6.8%), (E)-caryophyllene (6.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.2%). Linalool (79.0%), α-epi-cadinol (5.4%), terpinen-4-ol (3.2%) and 1,8-cineole (2.8%) were the major constituents in the O. carnosum essential oil. The essential oils were subsequently evaluated for their larvicidal and cytotoxic activities. Larval bioassay against Aedes aegypti of V. agnus-castus, O. campechianum and O. carnosum essential oils showed LC50 values of 97.55 ± 0.35, 81.45 ± 0.35 and 109.49 ± 0.35 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the essential oils has been evaluated on breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), lung carcinoma (NCI-H292), pro-myelocytic leukemia (HL-60), and cervical adenocarcinoma (HEP-2) human cell lines, and pro-myelocytic leukemia cells lines (HL-60) were found to be the most sensitive to all the essential oils tested than the others. This is the first report on larvicidal and cytotoxic activities of these essential oils.

RESUMO: É notória a importância do casco na saúde dos equinos, mas o conhecimento em nível celular é pouco entendido. Estudos envolvendo o cultivo de queratinócitos equinos são escassos. Sabe-se que o desenvolvimento de cultivos de queratinócitos in vitro é uma condição para estudos sobre a biologia molecular, crescimento e diferenciação celular. Alguns métodos já estão estabelecidos, como para cultivo de queratinócitos de pele, mas poucas metodologias são encontradas para queratinócitos lamelares. O objetivo desse estudo foi padronizar o cultivo de queratinócitos provenientes de casco equino visando futuramente associar ao estudo da medicina regenerativa para assim estabelecer um modelo experimental in vitro e indicar o uso criterioso de terapias regenerativas para a laminite equina. Desta forma, o cultivo em monocamada e a caracterização de queratinócitos lamelares foram realizados. Para isso, o método de cultura primária utilizado foi através de explantes obtidos de três regiões do casco (dorso-medial, dorsal e dorso-lateral). As células foram caracterizadas para os marcadores anti pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), vimentin (V9), p63 (4A4) e Ki-67 (MIB-1) nos cultivos e nos explantes. As células foram cultivadas até terceira passagem, tendo marcação positiva para pan-CK, p63 e Ki-67 e fraca marcação para vimentina. Já as lâminas epidermais não tiveram marcação de vimentin e Ki-67, porém marcaram acentuadamente para pan-CK e p63. Este estudo demonstrou a exiquibilidade do uso de explantes lamelares do casco de equinos, como forma de isolamento de queratinócitos em cultivos primários, bem como caracterizou a habilidade de proliferação desses queratinócitos em monocamada.

ABSTRACT: The importance of the hoof to the horse health is clear, and the current knowledge regarding the cellular aspects of hoof keratinocytes is poor. Studies on equine keratinocyte culture are scarce. Developing keratinocyte cultures in vitro is a condition for studies on molecular biology, cell growth and differentiation. Some methods have already been established, such as those for skin keratinocyte culture. However, few methodologies are found for lamellar keratinocytes. The objective of this study was to standardize the equine hoof keratinocyte isolation and cultivation, and then characterize the cell immunophenotype. For this, the primary culture method used was through explants obtained from three regions of the equine hoof (medial dorsal, dorsal, and lateral dorsal). After the cell isolation and cultivation, the cell culture and its explants were stained with anti-pan cytokeratin (pan-CK) (AE1/AE3), vimentin (V9), p63 (4A4), and Ki-67 (MIB-1) antibodies. Cells were grown to third passage, were positive for pan-CK, p63 and Ki-67, and few cells had vimentin positive expression. As for the explants, the epidermal laminae were not stained for vimentin or Ki-67. However, some cells presented positive pan-CK and p63 expression. This study demonstrated the viability of lamellar explants of equine hooves as a form of isolating keratinocytes in primary cultures, as well as characterized the proliferation ability of such keratinocytes in monolayers.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a vitalidade e a função pulmonar de cordeiros prematuros. Vinte e sete cordeiros foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo I (n= 6), cordeiros prematuros/controle; grupo II (n= 9), cordeiros prematuros nascidos de mães tratadas com dexametasona antes do parto; grupo III (n= 6), cordeiros prematuros tratados com surfactante; e grupo IV (n= 6), cordeiros prematuros tratados com surfactante e nascidos de mães tratadas com dexametasona antes do parto. O escore APGAR foi realizado após o nascimento (T0) e 15 minutos depois (T1/4). Os parâmetros vitais, hemogasometria, espirometria e capnometria foram avaliados após o nascimento até 48 horas. As radiografias torácicas foram realizadas em T0, T24 e T48. Interações significativas de temperatura retal ocorreram em T1 e T6, dependendo do tipo de tratamento utilizado. Todos os animais apresentaram valores de pH baixos, que foram associados com altos valores de pCO2 e valores de HCO3 que aumentaram ao longo do tempo. Os maiores valores de volume corrente foram observados em T1/4, T1 e T24, quando os animais não foram tratados com surfactante. A capnometria mostrou interações significativas entre tratamentos em T0. Os animais prematuros apresentaram pouca vitalidade e deficiência da função pulmonar.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the vitality and lung function of preterm lambs. Twenty seven preterm lambs were divided in four groups. Group I (n=6) preterm lambs/ control; group II (n=9) lambs born to mothers that were treated with dexamethasone antepartum; group III (n=6) lambs treated with surfactant; and group IV (n=6) lambs treated with surfactant and born to mothers that were treated with dexamethasone antepartum. The APGAR score was performed after birth (T0) and 15 minutes later (T1/4) to assess vitality. The vital signs, blood gas analysis, spirometry and capnometry were assessed immediately after birth and continued until 48 hours. Chest radiographs were performed at T0, T24 and T48. Significant rectal temperature interactions occurred at T1 and T6 depending on the type of treatment used. All animals showed low pH values, which were associated with high pCO2 values and HCO3 -values that increased over time from immediately after birth to two days of age. Higher tidal volume values were observed at T1/4, T1 and T24 when the animals were not treated with surfactant. Capnometry showed significant interactions between treatments at T0. Premature animals showed low vitality and impaired pulmonary function.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la eficiencia y el cambio de productividad de las Cooperativas de Crédito de Paraná. El análisis consideró 45 unidades (cada cooperativa estudiada), cada una con 10 variables en cada período (8 inputs y 2 outputs). Esta evaluación ha tenido en cuenta los datos de la cooperativa de crédito trimestral, de enero de 2009 a julio de 2015 (27 períodos). La metodología incluía Análisis de Envoltura de Datos (DEA), Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) y Indice de Malmquist (MI). Los resultados mostraron que las DMUs 453, 498 y 517 se consideraron 100% eficientes en todos los períodos, considerando como puntos de referencia. No hubo casos en que una DMU no se considerara 100% eficiente en al menos una observación. El MI mostró que la diferencia entre el mayor y el menor promedio fue significativa (variando entre 19.837 para DMU 251 y 0.926 para DMU 450). El promedio entre todos los MI fue 4,735 con una desviación estándar de 3,547, evidenciando las diferentes medidas de eficiencia entre cada DMU en comparación con las otras.

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency and productivity change of Paraná's Credit Union. The analysis considered 45 units (each credit union researched), each of one with 10 variables in each period (8 inputs and 2 outputs). This evaluation has taken into account quarterly credit union's data, from January 2009 to July 2015 (27 periods). The methodology included Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Malmquist Index (MI) techniques. The results showed that DMUs 453, 498 and 517 were considered 100% efficient in all periods, making them ideal benchmarks. There was no case that a DMU was not considered 100% efficient in at least one observation. The MI showed that the difference between the biggest and the smallest average was significant (varying between 19.837 for DMU 251 and 0.926 for DMU 450). The average between all MI was 4,735 with a standard deviation of 3,547, evidencing the different measures of efficiency between each DMU when compared to the others.

RESUMO Um cão SRD, com cinco anos e histórico de ascite de evolução lenta com estruturas palpáveis foi submetido a exames clínicos, os quais foram inconclusivos. A laparotomia exploratória revelou que a cavidade abdominal estava repleta de líquido serossanguinolento e de múltiplos nódulos de diferentes tamanhos, com superfície irregular, aderidos aos peritônios visceral e parietal, sugestivos de neoplasia maligna. A eutanásia, seguida da necropsia para a coleta de amostras para o diagnóstico histopatológico, foi indicada. O exame anatomopatológico revelou nódulos sésseis e resistentes ao corte, constituídos de tecido conjuntivo fibroso e trabéculas ósseas em arranjo de osso esponjoso e osteoclastos em atividade. O diagnóstico definitivo foi peritonite encapsulante esclerosante.

ABSTRACT A 5-year-old dog with chronic ascites was submitted to several clinical exams, which were inconclusive. Laparotomy revealed abdominal serosanguinous fluid and multiple nodules of several sizes with irregular surface, with visceral and parietal adhesion to the peritoneum, resembling malignant neoplasia. Euthanasia followed by necropsy and collection of samples to histopathological diagnosis was performed. Pathological exam revealed sessile nodules resistant to cut and the microscopy evaluation showed fibrous connective tissue and trabecular bone with sponge bone arrangement associated with active osteoclasts. The definitive diagnosis was sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis.

Abstract Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) has become an important technique for reducing NOx emissions in industrial furnaces. The occurrence of convective recirculation can cause significant changes in SNCR performance. This paper presents the results of a study performed by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) considering: (i) changes of initial NOX; (ii) injection plan and (iii) NH3/NO molar ratio. The simulations have demonstrated that the convective recirculation (resultant from different injection plans and high temperature gradients) of flue gas assumes a role of vital importance for performance analysis of existing plants and the potential NOX reduction in furnaces during the design phase.

ABSTRACT Studies on belowground roots biomass have increasingly reported the importance of the contribution of this compartment in carbon stock maintenance in mangrove forests. To date, there are no estimates of this contribution in Brazilian mangrove forests, although the country has the second largest area of mangroves worldwide. For this study, trenches dug in fringing forests in Guaratiba State Biological Reserve (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were used to evaluate the contribution of the different classes of roots and the vertical stratification of carbon stock. The total carbon stock average in belowground roots biomass in these forests was 104.41 ± 20.73 tC.ha−1. From that, an average of 84.13 ± 21.34 tC.ha−1 corresponded to the carbon stock only in fine roots, which have diameters smaller than 5 mm and are responsible for over 80% of the total belowground biomass. Most of the belowground carbon stock is concentrated in the first 40 cm below the surface (about 70%). The root:shoot ratio in this study is 1.14. These estimates demonstrate that the belowground roots biomass significantly contributes, more than 50%, to the carbon stock in mangrove forests. And the mangrove root biomass can be greater than that of other Brazilian ecosystems.

ABSTRACT Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg, Myrtaceae, is a native plant species of the Atlantic Rain Forest, from north to south of Brazil. The lyophilized ethyl acetate extract from the leaves of M. floribunda was investigated for its antiproliferative activity in tumor cell lines, antioxidant capacity and its total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents. Antiproliferative activity was tested in vitro against seven human cancer cells and against immortalized human skin keratinocytes line (HaCat, no cancer cell). Antioxidant activity was determined using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) assays and total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents were determined by spectrophotometric techniques. Ethyl acetate extract of M. floribunda exhibited antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines with total growth inhibition (TGI) between 69.70 and 172.10 µg/mL. For HaCat cell, TGI value was 213.60 µg/mL. M. floribunda showed a strong antioxidant potential: EC50 of 45.89±0.42 µg/mL and 0.55±0.05 mmol TE/g for DPPH and ORAC, respectively. Total phenolic content was 0.23±0.013g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract and exhibited 13.10±1.60% of tannins content. The content of flavonoid was 24.08±0.44% expressed as rutin equivalents. These results provide a direction for further researches about the antitumoral potential of M. floribunda.

Abstract Amphilophium crucigerum (L.) L.G. Lohmann, known as “pente-de-macaco” is a species of Bignoniaceae native to Brazil, and whose seeds are used in folk medicine. This study aimed to describe morphoanatomical features of this species of fruit to aid in its correct identification and pharmacognostic analysis. Samples of ovary, pericarp and seed were fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde, sectioned on a rotary microtome and analyzed by stereomicroscope. The results are shown in three parts: (1) The ovary presents peltate trichomes, long non-glandular trichomes and emergences in the epidermis; it is 2-carpellate and unilocular with two intruding parietal placenta; ovules are numerous on the placenta; it presents a large quantity of crystals. (2) The pericarp is woody, densely echinate and elliptic shape; it presents a 2-valved capsule and is septicidal; it presents emergences, stomata, lenticels, crystals and a large quantity of clustered stones cells. (3) Seeds are alate, exalbuminate and exotestal; there is a large amount of crystals in the exotestal region; it presents an endothelium and remnant endosperm. Histochemical tests showed the presence of lipophilic substances, polysaccharides, phenolic substances, alkaloids and a small quantity of starch. These pharmacobotanical features described for A. crucigerum are essential for the pharmacognostic analysis of the drug plant.

O presente estudo avaliou equídeos de 19 fazendas da região do Pantanal Mato-Grossense, sendo 121 equídeos testados pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR), para detectar fragmentos dos genes dos seguintes gêneros: Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, e Neorickettsia, e pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), para detectar anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. Das amostras testadas na PCR, 17 (14,0%) animais de nove (47,3%) fazendas foram positivos. Das amostras positivas, 16 foram 100% idênticas a sequencias de Theileria equi e uma foi 99% similar à sequência de Babesia caballi, todas disponíveis no GenBank. Pela RIFI, 48 (39,6%) equídeos foram soropositivos para antígenos de E. canis, sendo 40 (83,3%) amostras com títulos de 40 e oito (16,6%) com títulos de 320. Todas as fazendas avaliadas (100%) apresentaram equídeos soropositivos. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que T. equi e B. caballi infectam equinos na região, e a presença de anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. indica a circulação de espécies antigenicamente relacionadas aos gêneros Ehrlichia e Anaplasma, apesar de a negatividade nos exames de PCR indicar provável processo crônico desses agentes.

The present study evaluated 121 equids from 19 ranches in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso State through Polimerase Chain Raction (PCR) to detect Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Neorickettsia partial genes and the Imunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) to evaluate anti-Ehrlichia spp. antibodies. From the total tested in PCR, 17 (14.0%) equids from 9 (47.3%) farms were positive, and 16 yielded amplicons 100% identical to Theileria equi and one presented 99% similarity to Babesia caballi available on GenBank. Forty eight (39.6%) equids were positive by IFAT and 40 showed titers of 40 (83.3%) and 8 showed titers of 320 (16.6%). All ranches (100%) presented seropositive equids. Our results showed that T. equi and B. caballi are infecting equids in the region and the presence of anti-Ehrlichia antibodies suggests that species closely related to the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma are circulating among the equid local population. Moreover, the negative results in PCR is possibly related to the chronic infection phase.