RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a sobrevida de portadores da doença de Chagas, beneficiários da previdência e da assistência social no Brasil, 1942-2016. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com dados do Ministério da Previdência Social. O evento de interesse foi o óbito, e as funções de sobrevida foram estimadas pelos métodos Kaplan-Meier e de regressão de Cox. Resultados No período “início da doença até o óbito”, o sexo feminino (HR=0,54; IC95% 0,43–0,53) e recebimento de benefícios previdenciários (HR=0,13; IC95% 0,11–0,23) foram associados a maior sobrevida. A menor sobrevida esteve associada à forma cardíaca da doença (HR=2,64; IC95% 2,23–3,12), residência em zona rural (HR=1,23; IC95% 1,14–1,21) e manifestação da doença entre os anos de 2000 e 2016 (HR=5,32; IC95% 4,74–5,93). Da mesma forma, no período “incapacidade laboral até o óbito”, o sexo feminino (HR=0,51; IC95% 0,41–0,52) e o recebimento de benefícios previdenciários (HR=0,24; IC95% 0,14–0,45) foram associados a maior sobrevida, assim como forma cardíaca da doença (HR=1,95; IC95% 1,83–2,13), residência em zona rural (HR=1,31; IC95% 1,21–1,54) e manifestação da doença entre os anos de 2000 e 2016 (HR=1,53; IC95% 1,33–1,71) associaram-se a menor sobrevida. Conclusão Os principais preditores de mortalidade e sobrevida de portadores de doença de Chagas que recebem benefícios previdenciários e assistenciais no Brasil foram apresentados. Estes achados podem nortear a definição de prioridades de ações de acompanhamento pela atenção primária à saúde, preconizada atualmente para o manejo longitudinal da doença.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the survival of patients with Chagas disease, beneficiaries of social security and social assistance, in Brazil, from 1942 to 2016. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study with data from the Brazilian Ministry of Social Security. The event of interest was death, and the survival functions were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. Results In the period “onset of the disease until death”, women (HR=0.54; 95%CI 0.43–0.53) and receiving social security benefits (HR=0.13; 95%CI 0.11–0.23) were associated with longer survival. Lower survival was associated with the cardiac form of the disease (HR=2.64; 95%CI 2.23–3.12), living in a rural area (HR=1.23; 95%CI 1.14–1.21), and manifestation of the disease between the years 2000 and 2016 (HR=5.32; 95%CI 4.74–5.93). Likewise, in the period “work disability until death”, women (HR=0.51; 95%CI 0.41–0.52) and receiving social security benefits (HR=0.24; 95%CI 0,14–0.45) were associated with longer survival, as well as the cardiac form of the disease (HR=1.95; 95%CI 1.83–2.13), living in a rural area (HR=1.31; 95%CI 1.21–1.54), and manifestation of the disease between 2000 and 2016 (HR=1.53; 95%CI 1.33–1.71) were associated with lower survival. Conclusion The main predictors of mortality and survival of patients with Chagas disease who receive social security and assistance benefits in Brazil were presented. These findings can guide the definition of priorities for follow-up actions by Primary Health Care, currently recommended for the longitudinal management of the disease.

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to investigate the ectoparasitic diversity and gill alterations in Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) and Cichlasoma bimaculatum (Perciformes: Cichlidae) and evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical quality of water samples deriving from a Quilombola zone in Maranhão State, Brazil. Water samples and 42 fish specimens, 21 H. unitaeniatus and 21 C. bimaculatum, were collected from a floodable environment. Water samples were subjected to physicochemical and microbiological analyses in the laboratory environment. Fish specimens were euthanized to collect and identify ectoparasites in animals’ mucus, body surface, and gills, as well as to enable the histological analysis of the second right gill arch. The herein-identified ectoparasites have shown 30.95% prevalence and comprised three phyla: Platyhelminthes, Trematoda and Arthropoda. The herein-identified main histological changes comprised incomplete and complete fusion of several lamellae, lifting of respiratory epithelium, lamellar disorganization, lamellar epithelial hyperplasia, and blood sinus dilation. The herein calculated histological alteration index has shown that 23.80% of specimens presented mild-to-moderate tissue damage, 4.77% presented moderate-to-severe tissue changes, and 9.52% presented irreparable tissue damage. It was possible concluding that histological gill lesions identified in fish specimens analyzed may be adaptive responses to the affected environment and the incidence of ectoparasites.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a diversidade de endoparasitos e alterações hepáticas em Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (jeju) e Cichlasoma bimaculatum (acará preto) de área quilombola maranhense, Brasil. Assim, 21 H. unitaeniatus e 21 C. bimaculatum foram capturados de ambiente alagável e transportados vivos ao laboratório. Após a eutanásia, procedeu-se à coleta, identificação de endoparasitos e avaliação de alterações hepáticas por meio de análise histológica, baseada na severidade das lesões: (i) alterações de estágio I, não comprometem o funcionamento dos órgãos; (ii) estágio II, lesões mais severas que prejudicam o funcionamento normal dos órgãos; (iii) estágio III, lesões muito severas e irreversíveis. Dos peixes avaliados, 71,43% H. unitaeniatus e 61,90% C. bimaculatum estavam parasitados. Contracaecum sp. foi encontrado nas duas espécies e acantocéfalos apenas em H. unitaeniatus. As alterações hepáticas foram vacuolização, núcleo na periferia das células, deformação do contorno celular, centro de melanomacrófagos, hiperemia, degeneração citoplasmática e vacuolização nuclear. Com o cálculo do índice das alterações, constatou-se que 26,19% dos exemplares apresentaram alterações de estágio I; 38,09% de estágio II e 9,52% de estágio III com a constatação de larvas de Contracaecum sp. encistadas no fígado. Conclui-se que existe alta prevalência de Contracaecum sp., e lesões hepáticas podem ser respostas adaptativas dos peixes à infecção endoparasitária.

Abstract Our aim was to assess endoparasite diversity and liver alterations in Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (jeju) and Cichlasoma bimaculatum (acará preto) in a quilombola area in Maranhão, Brazil. For this, 21 H. unitaeniatus and 21 C. bimaculatum were caught in a natural environment and transported to a laboratory. After these had been euthanized, endoparasites were collected and identified. Liver alterations were evaluated histological analysis based on the severity of each lesion: stage I, organ functioning not compromised; stage II, more severe lesions that impair normal functioning of the organs; and stage III, very severe and irreversible lesions. Among the fish evaluated, 71.43% H. unitaeniatus and 61.90% C. bimaculatum were parasitized. Contracaecum sp. was found in both species; while acanthocephalans, only in H. unitaeniatus. The alterations were vacuolization, nucleus in the cell periphery, deformation of the cell outline, melanomacrophage center, hyperemia, cytoplasmic degeneration and nuclear vacuolization. Through calculating a histological alteration index, it was found that 26.19% of the specimens presented lesions in stage I; 38.09% lesions in stage II and 9.52% lesions in stage III. It was concluded that there is high prevalence of Contracaecum sp. and that the liver lesions may be adaptive responses by the fish to endoparasitic infection.

Resumo Objetivo O colágeno tipo I (Col-I) é uma das principais macromoléculas da matriz extracelular, e está envolvido na reação desmoplástica estromal, um indicador de pior prognóstico em casos de câncer colorretal (CCR). O objetivo foi investigar a expressão do Col-I emcasos de CCR e adenoma, e correlacioná-la comdados clínicos e de estilo de vida dos pacientes. Metodologia Foi realizado umestudoretrospectivo com22pacientes comadenoma e 15 comCCR tratadosemumserviço de coloproctologia.Os dados dos pacientes foramobtidos dos prontuários médicos, e a expressão do Col-I foi investigada por imunohistoquímica. Resultados As mulheres representaram a maioria dos casos de adenomas (63,64%), enquanto o CCR (73,33%) (p=0,0448) foi mais comum entre os homens. A imunoexpressão de Col-I mostrou espessamento da membrana basal em áreas de revestimento do epitélio e em volta de glândulas em ambas as lesões. O CCR apresentou fibrose no estroma. As análises quantitativas demonstraram maior expressão proteica no CCR (p=0,0109), assim como em mulheres (p=0,0214), pacientes com idade ≥ 50 anos (p=0,0400), e em pacientes com histórico positivo de doença colorretal na família (p=0,0292). Estes resultados sugerem a remodelação do microambiente tumoral na carcinogênese do CCR. As correlações clínico-patológicas positivas mostram uma ligação plausível entre o perfil do paciente e os achados imunohistoquímcos, o que indica uma possível forma de estratificação dos pacientes. Conclusão As análises imunohistoquímicas estimulam a execução de estudos mais abrangentes para confirmar se nossos resultados poderão ser uma ferramenta para o diagnóstico e o monitoramento dos pacientes.

Abstract Objective Type-I collagen (Col-I) is one of the main macromolecules of the extracellular matrix, and it is involved in the desmoplastic stromal reaction, an indicator of worse prognosis in cases of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of the present study was to investigate Col-I expression in cases of CRC and adenoma and to correlate with the clinical data and the data regarding the lifestyle of the patients. Methods A retrospective study including 22 patients with adenoma and 15 with CRC treated at a coloproctology service. The clinical and lifestyle data were obtained through medical records, and Col-I expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results Women represented most cases of adenoma (63.64%), whereas CRC was found mainly in men (73.33%) (p=0.0448). Immunoexpression of Col-I showed a basement membrane thickening in areas of lining of epithelium and around the glands in both lesions. The cases of CRC had a quite evident fibrosis process in the stroma. The quantitative analysis demonstrated a higher protein expression in CRCs compared to adenomas (p=0.0109), as well as in female patients (p=0.0214), patients aged ≥ 50 years (p=0.0400), and in those with a positive family history of colorectal disease (p=0.0292). These results suggested a remodeling of the microenvironment of the Worked developed at the Department of Morphology, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil. Conclusion The immunohistochemical analysis encourages the performance of more comprehensive studies to ascertain if our results could be a tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of the patients.

RESUMO O trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência do teste de pH do exsudato na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz, com e sem tegumento. Para o teste, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com sete lotes de arroz e quatro repetições. Os lotes foram submetidos a determinação do teor de água e avaliação da qualidade fisiológica inicial por meio dos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência e tetrazólio. O teste de pH do exsudato foi conduzido com 100 sementes de cada tratamento, com tegumento e sem tegumento. As sementes foram embebidas individualmente em 2,0 mL de água destilada, por diferentes períodos (20, 40 e 60 minutos) e três temperaturas (20, 25 e 30 °C). Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade. O teste do pH do exsudato é promissor para avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz, detectando diferenças de vigor entre lotes comercializáveis. Este teste deve ser conduzido com sementes de arroz sem tegumento, na temperatura de 25 °C, com tempo de embebição de 60 minutos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a pH test of the exudate (with and without tegument) as an indicator of the physiological quality of rice seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven lots and four replications. The seven lots were assessed for water content and initial physiological quality by means of germination, first germination count, emergence, emergence speed index and tetrazolium tests. The pH test of the exudate was conducted with 100 seeds of each treatment, with tegument and without tegument. The seeds were individually soaked in 2.0 mL distilled water for different periods (20, 40, and 60 minutes) and three temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C). The results were submitted to the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. The pH test of the exudate is a promising method to evaluate the physiological quality of rice seeds by detecting differences in vigor between marketable lots. This test should be conducted with rice seed without tegument, at 25 °C, with a soak time of 60 minutes.

ABSTRACT The aim was to investigate the relationship between the energy contribution (E%) of foods according to the degree of industrial processing and the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) in pregnancy. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained from each of the 784 pregnant women. Adjusted linear regression models allowed observing an inverse association between E-DII scores and E% from minimally processed foods β = -0.049 (95%CI -0.055– -0.042) and a direct association with the E% of ultra-processed foods β = 0.052 (95%CI 0.045–0.058), indicating a relationship between the dietary inflammatory potential and the degree of industrial processing of foods.

ABSTRACT The aim was to investigate the relationship between the energy contribution (E%) of foods according to the degree of industrial processing and the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) in pregnancy. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained from each of the 784 pregnant women. Adjusted linear regression models allowed observing an inverse association between E-DII scores and E% from minimally processed foods β = -0.049 (95%CI -0.055– -0.042) and a direct association with the E% of ultra-processed foods β = 0.052 (95%CI 0.045–0.058), indicating a relationship between the dietary inflammatory potential and the degree of industrial processing of foods.

RESUMO A produção de mudas de teca é realizada principalmente por sementes, que é um importante veículo de transmissão de diversos patógenos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar e quantificar os fungos associados às sementes de teca, a patogenicidade desses microrganismos às mudas e a transmissibilidade semente-plântula. Para o teste de sanidade foram utilizadas sementes coletadas no estado do Tocantins e outras adquiridas nos estados do Goiás (GO) e São Paulo (SP). Os tratamentos utilizados foram sementes desinfestadas e não desinfestadas, e sementes com e sem mesocarpo. O ensaio foi conduzido utilizando o método do papel de filtro (Blotter test). Para o teste de patogenicidade em mudas, foram utilizados os isolados de Fusarium sp., Botryodiplodia sp., Alternaria sp. e Plenodomus sp. Para a avaliação da transmissão de fungos via semente-plântula foram utilizadas sementes de cada local. Foram identificados os seguintes gêneros de fungos nas sementes: Fusarium, Trichoderma, Botryodiplodia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Alternaria e Plenodomus. Foi observada maior ocorrência de fungos nas sementes provenientes dos estados de GO e SP. Fusarium foi o gênero fúngico com maior incidência nas sementes dos três estados. Apenas os gêneros Fusarium e Botryodiplodia foram patogênicos às mudas de teca. Houve baixa transmissibilidade semente-plântula, sendo que apenas o gênero fitopatogênico Fusarium foi transmitido.

ABSTRACT The production of teak seedlings is mainly carried out by seeds, which is an important vehicle for the transmission of various pathogens. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the fungi associated with teak seeds, the pathogenicity of these microrganisms to the seedlings and the seed-seedling transmission. There were used seeds collected in Tocantins state and others acquired in the states of Goias (GO) and in São Paulo (SP) for the sanity test. The treatments used were seeds disinfested and not disinfested, and seeds with and without mesocarp. The analysis was conducted using the paper filter method (Blotter test). To pathogenicity test in seedlings, were utilized the isolates of Fusarium sp., Botryodiplodia sp., Alternaria sp. and Plenodomus sp. To evaluate the fungal seedling-transmission were used seeds of each location.The following genera of fungi were identified in the seeds: Fusarium, Trichoderma, Botryodiplodia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Alternaria and Plenodomus. A higher occurrence of fungi was observed in the seeds from the states of GO and SP. Fusarium was the fungal genera with the highest incidence in the seeds of the three states. Only the Fusarium and Botryodiplodia genera were pathogenic to teak seedlings. There was low seed-seedling transmission, with only the phytopathogenic genus Fusarium being transmitted.

RESUMO A ferrugem, causada por Olivea neotectonae, destaca-se como principal doença da teca, causando desfolha prematura em todos os estádios fenológicos da cultura. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o progresso temporal da ferrugem em plantas adultas de teca no sul do Estado do Tocantins. Avaliaram-se a incidência e severidade da ferrugem (escala de notas) e obtiveram-se curvas de progresso da doença, que foram ajustadas aos modelos matemáticos monomolecular, logístico e Gompertz. Correlacionaram-se os dados de incidência e severidade com as variáveis climáticas coletadas na estação meteorológica, localizada na região do estudo. A incidência da ferrugem atingiu 100% aos 98 dias a partir do início das avaliações (DIA). A maior severidade (igual ou acima de 75%) foi observada aos 147 DIA. Houve correlação negativa e significativa entre severidade e temperatura mínima. O ajuste ao modelo de Gompertz sugere que medidas de controle devem ser tomadas objetivando reduzir a taxa de progresso da doença.

ABSTRACT Rust, caused by Olivea neotectonae, stands out as the main teak disease, causing premature defoliation regardless of the tree’s growth stage. In this study, we aimed to assess the temporal progress of rust in adult teak plants in southern Tocantins State (Brazil). Both rust incidence and severity were evaluated and the disease progress curves were obtained, adjusting to monomolecular, logistic and Gompertz mathematical models. Data from incidence and severity were correlated with climate variables collected by the agrometeorological station located in the study area. Rust incidence reached 100% at 98 days after beginning of the evaluations (DBE). The highest severity (equal or above 75%) was observed at 147 DBE. There was a significant and negative correlation between severity and minimum temperature. The adjustment of the Gompertz model suggests that control measures should be aimed primarily to reduce the rate of disease progress.

Abstract: Introduction The biomechanical changes that arise after breast cancer increase the need for new rehabilitation programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate medium- and long-term effects of vibration therapy on pain intensity, range of motion, myoelectric activity, and muscle strength of post-surgical breast cancer women. Methods This controlled longitudinal clinical study was composed of 14 breast cancer women, who underwent vibration therapy treatment (VTG), and 14 healthy women, who constituted the control group (CG). The VTG performed ten 15-minutes sessions of vibration therapy on their affected upper limb. The volunteers were evaluated before and after treatment protocol, and three months later. Results We observed an attenuation of pain intensity after vibration therapy (p < 0.0001) and significant increase in range of motion during extension, abduction, and adduction movements of the horizontal shoulder. We noticed a trend in the reduction of compensatory movements, which activated the muscle contraction mechanism. The scapular dynamometer values for shoulder strength were significant. The VTG had less muscle strength than the CG in all situations: before treatment (p < 0.0001), after treatment (p = 0.0024), and 3 months later (p = 0.0008). The VTG increased muscle strength after treatment (p = 0.0005) and 3 months later (p = 0.0006). Conclusion Vibration therapy attenuated pain symptoms, improved shoulder movements, activated muscle contraction mechanism, and increased shoulder strength, which may be benefits of the conducted physical therapy.

Introduction Muscle activity in the aquatic environment was investigated using electromyographic analyses. The physical properties of water and the resistance used may influence the response of the muscle during exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the electrical activity in water and on the floor during flexion and knee extension exercises with and without load and aimed at understanding the muscular response while performing resistance exercises in water. Methods The sample consisted of 14 volunteers between 18 and 35 years old who were subjected to active exercises involving knee flexion and extension with and without load on the floor and in water. Electromyography was performed during the movement. Results A significant increase was found in the electrical activity of the rectus femoris muscle during exercises on the floor. The biceps femoris muscle showed increased electromyographic activity when resistance was used. A significant increase was found in the electrical activity of the rectus femoris muscle compared with exercises with and without load and the moment of rest in immersion. The electrical activity of the rectus and biceps femoris muscles was reduced in exercises with load and without load in a therapy pool compared with on the floor. Conclusion There was a reduction of the electromyographic activity in the aquatic environment compared with that on the ground, which could be attributed to the effects from hot water. Therefore, it is believed that resistance exercises can be performed early in a therapy pool, which will facilitate the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.