This study aimed to isolate, purify and characterize secondary metabolites present in Amburana acreana leaves, native to the state of Rondônia, using classical chromatographic methods and 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the hydroethanolic leaves extract of A. acreana, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, coumarin, campesterol 3-β-D-glucoside and amburoside B, all known compounds, were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and chemical characterization of secondary metabolites in A. acreana. In addition, in vitro assays indicated that amburoside B does not have inhibitory potential on the growth of gram-negative bacteria. The presence of these compounds suggests that, thus far, amburosides (A and B) could be chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Amburana. isolate Rondônia 1D D spectroscopy A phydroxybenzoic p hydroxybenzoic acid coumarin 3βDglucoside βDglucoside 3 β glucoside identified knowledge addition gramnegative gram negative bacteria far

Abstract The state of Yucatan, known for its shallow Leptosol soils poses challenges to agriculture. Therefore, this study focused on examining ecophysiological attributes influencing the growth and yield determinants of six maize genotypes. The study assessed vegetative characteristics, growth rates, dry matter allocation, grain yield, and harvest index. All maize genotypes exhibited early maturity, a favorable trait under the climate conditions of Yucatan. Most genotypes exhibited superior growth rate and dry matter content when compared to the landrace Elotillo. Stem and grain were identified as the primary organs for dry matter accumulation, with 36% and 22% respectively. The highest grain yield was noted in hybrids Impacto and DK-390. This study provided valuable information for farmers in selecting suitable maize genotypes in Yucatan, although additional evaluations of different genotypes and management conditions are recommended.

Resumen El estado de Yucatán, conocido por sus suelos poco profundos de Leptosol plantea desafíos a la agricultura. Por lo tanto, este estudio se centró en examinar los atributos ecofisiológicos que influyen en los determinantes del crecimiento y rendimiento de seis genotipos de maíz. El estudio evaluó características vegetativas, tasas de crecimiento, distribución de materia seca, rendimiento de grano e índice de cosecha. Todos los genotipos de maíz mostraron madurez temprana, una característica favorable bajo las condiciones de clima de Yucatán. La mayoría de los genotipos exhibieron una tasa de crecimiento y un contenido de materia seca superiores en comparación con el genotipo nativo Elotillo. El tallo y el grano fueron identificados como los órganos primarios de acumulación de materia seca con 36% y 22%, respectivamente. El mayor rendimiento de grano se observó en los híbridos Impacto y DK-390. Este estudio proporcionó información valiosa para los agricultores al seleccionar genotipos de maíz adecuados en Yucatán, aunque se recomienda realizar evaluaciones adicionales con diferentes genotipos y condiciones de manejo.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of various castration protocols through a meta-analysis of indicators of daily feed intake, feed conversion, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, and carcass yield. 179 publications from three electronic sources (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) were reviewed over a 24-year period, out of which the 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The effect was analyzed with six comparisons: C1=surgical castration vs whole; C2=standard immunocastration vs whole; C3= standard immunocastration vs surgical castration; C4= alternative immunocastration vs whole; C5= alternative immunocastration vs surgical castration, and C6= alternative immunocastration vs standard immunocastration. Averages were estimated for feed intake (kg) (0.23, 0.23, -0.05, 0.32, 0.11, -0.09), feed conversion (kg:kg) (0.27, 0.05, -0.16, 0.11, 0.11, 0.11, -0.19), daily weight gain (g) (-9. 54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), carcass weight (kg) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), and hot carcass weight (kg) (1.23, 0.85, 0.46, 1.03, 1.02, -0.42) respectively. The indicators of feed consumption, feed conversion, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, and hot carcass weight proved different (P<0.05); only the carcass yield variable exhibited no difference (P>0.05). The conclusion is that immunocastration improves performance in production and carcass indicators; surgical castration improves carcass yield; whole pigs have better feed conversion, and standard and alternative immunocastration differ in their response in terms of production and carcass measurement indicators.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de los diferentes protocolos de castración por medio del meta-análisis de los indicadores del consumo diario de alimento, conversión alimenticia, ganancia diaria de peso, peso al rastro, peso de la canal caliente y rendimiento de la canal. Se revisaron 179 publicaciones de tres fuentes electrónicas (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science) en un periodo de 24 años, de las cuales se seleccionaron los 26 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El efecto se analizó con seis comparaciones: C1=castración quirúrgica vs enteros; C2=inmunocastración estándar vs enteros; C3= inmunocastración estándar vs castración quirúrgica; C4= inmunocastración alternativa vs enteros; C5= inmunocastración alternativa vs castrados quirúrgicamente; y C6= inmunocastración alternativa vs inmunocastración estándar. Las medias obtenidas fueron de consumo de alimento (kg) (0.23, 0.23, -0.05, 0.32, 0.11, -0.09), de conversión alimenticia (kg:kg) (0.27, 0.05, -0.16, 0.11, 0.11, -0.19), ganancia diaria de peso (g) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), peso de la canal (kg) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), y peso de la canal en caliente (kg) (1.23, 0.85, 0.46, 1.03,1.02, -0.42) respectivamente. Los indicadores de consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia, ganancia diaria de peso, peso al rastro y peso de la canal caliente fueron diferentes (P<0.05); solo la variable de rendimiento de la canal no mostró diferencia (P>0.05). Se concluye que, la inmunocastración mejora el desempeño en indicadores productivos y de la canal, la castración quirúrgica mejora el rendimiento de la canal, los cerdos enteros tienen mejor conversión alimenticia, y la inmunocastración estándar y alternativa difieren en su respuesta en indicadores de producción y medición de la canal.

Abstract Background The preferred vascular access for hemodialysis is a native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) because it offers the best results in the short and long terms, lower morbidity and mortality, and has additional advantages in relation to central venous catheters or arteriovenous grafts. However, obesity can present an additional challenge because of the barrier of subcutaneous cellular tissue covering the surface of the vein to be punctured. Objectives The authors review their experience with excision of subcutaneous tissue (lipectomy) overlying upper arm cephalic vein arteriovenous fistulas in obese patients. Methods Consecutive vascular access patients undergoing lipectomy for cannulation with difficult access because of vein depth were reviewed. Cephalic vein depth was measured by ultrasound in all cases. Results Twenty-two patients were reviewed (15 men and 7 women), with a mean body mass index of 34.0 kg/m2 (range: 28-40 kg/m2). Mean age was 58.4 years. The mean preoperative vein depth of 7.9 mm (range: 7.0-10.0 mm) was reduced to 4.7 mm (range: 3.0-6.0 mm) (P 0.01). The mean follow-up period for patients was 13.2 months. Four patients were lost to follow-up and four died during the period due to causes unrelated to vascular access. Conclusions Obesity should not be a limiting factor to creation of a native AVF, since lipectomy is a relatively simple option for superficialization, enabling functioning native and deep arteriovenous fistulas in obese patients. AVF (AVF terms mortality grafts However punctured (lipectomy cases Twentytwo Twenty two 15 (1 women, women , women) 340 34 0 34. kgm2 kgm kg m2 m kg/m range (range 2840 28 40 28-4 kg/m2. . kg/m2) 584 58 4 58. years 79 9 7. 7.010.0 70100 7.0 10.0 10 7.0-10. 47 4. 3.06.0 3060 3.0 6.0 3 6 3.0-6. P 0.01. 001 0.01 01 0.01) followup follow up 132 13 2 13. months superficialization 1 ( 284 28- 5 010 7.010. 7010 70 100 10. 7.0-10 06 3.06. 306 30 3. 60 6. 3.0-6 00 0.0 7.010 701 7.0-1 3.06 3.0- 0. 7.01 7.0-

Resumo Contexto O acesso vascular preferencial para hemodiálise é a fístula arteriovenosa nativa, pois oferece melhores resultados em curto e longo prazo, proporciona menor morbimortalidade e traz vantagens adicionais em relação aos cateteres venosos centrais ou enxertos arteriovenosos. No entanto, a obesidade pode oferecer um desafio adicional proporcionado pela barreira de tecido celular subcutâneo que recobre a superfície da veia a ser puncionada. Objetivos Demonstrar a experiência do serviço com a lipectomia em acessos autólogos em pacientes obesos. Métodos Foram revisados pacientes consecutivos submetidos à lipectomia por impossibilidade ou dificuldade na punção da FAV, motivada pela acentuada profundidade da veia cefálica no antebraço ou braço. Resultados Vinte e dois pacientes foram revisados (15 homens e 7 mulheres), com índice de massa corporal médio de 34 kg/m2 (variação de 28 a 40 kg/m2). A idade média foi de 58,4 anos. O tempo médio entre a confecção do acesso e a lipectomia foi de 45,1 dias, e o tempo da intervenção até a liberação para uso nas sessões de hemodiálise oscilou de 21 a 42 dias, com média de 30,9 dias. A profundidade média pré-operatória da veia cefálica no membro foi de 7,9 mm (variação de 7,0 a 10,0 mm). Isso foi reduzido para uma profundidade média de 4,7 mm (faixa de 3,0 a 6,0 mm) (P = 0,01). O período médio de seguimento dos pacientes foi de 13,2 meses. Houve perda de seguimento em quatro pacientes e quatro óbitos no período não relacionados ao acesso vascular. Conclusões A obesidade não deve ser um fator limitante para a criação de uma FAV nativa, pois a lipectomia é uma alternativa relativamente simples de superficialização, que permite a funcionalidade de fístulas arteriovenosas nativas e profundas em obesos. nativa prazo arteriovenosos entanto puncionada obesos braço 15 (1 mulheres, mulheres , mulheres) 3 kgm2 kgm kg m2 m kg/m variação 2 4 kg/m2. . kg/m2) 584 58 58, anos 451 45 1 45, dias 309 30 9 30, préoperatória pré operatória 79 7, 70 0 100 10 10, mm. 47 4, faixa 3, 60 6 6, P 0,01. 001 0,01 01 0,01) 132 13 13, meses superficialização ( 5 00 0,0 0,

Abstract Haemonchus contortus is an important parasite in sheep and the abuse of anti-helminthics has resulted in a rapid resistance. Little is known about the abomasal microbiota in sheep and the relation to local parasitism. This study aimed to identify bacteria in the abomasum of sheep, through the abomasal content, abomasal mucosa, and adult H. contortus parasites, in high and low parasitism. Eight sheep naturally infected with H. contortus were classified as high (n = 4) and low infection (n = 4). Samples of abomasal contents, abomasal mucosa, and adult H. contortus parasites were collected. Samples were pooled to form six groups, three in each level of parasitism: high infection/abomasal contents (HC), high infection/mucosa (HM), high infection/parasites (HP); low infection/abomasal contents (LC), low infection/mucosa (LM), and low infection/parasites (LP). Molecular identification of bacteria was performed by the amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene. A similar distribution of phyla was observed between pools HC/LC and HP/LP. For pools HM/LM, there was a significant difference (p = 0.01) in the proportion of phyla observed. The bacterial phyla predominant for libraries HC/LC were Firmicutes (82% and 62%) and Bacteroidetes (10.4% and 17.6%); for HM/LM, Firmicutes (76.9% and 56%) and Proteobacteria (10.2% and 38.4%); and for HP/LP, Proteobacteria (42.8% and 55%) and Firmicutes (31.6% and 40%). We observed differences about the samples analyzed, suggesting that there are various bacterial communities closely associated with the different materials analyzed, even from the close environment. antihelminthics anti helminthics resistance parasitism content mucosa H n 4 4. . collected groups infectionabomasal HC, HC , (HC) infectionmucosa HM, HM (HM) infectionparasites HP (HP) LC, LC (LC) LM, LM (LM) LP. LP (LP) S gene HCLC HPLP HP/LP HMLM HM/LM p 0.01 001 0 01 82% 82 (82 62% 62 10.4% 104 10 (10.4 17.6% 176 17 6 17.6%) 76.9% 769 76 9 (76.9 56% 56 10.2% 102 2 (10.2 38.4% 384 38 38.4%) 42.8% 428 42 8 (42.8 55% 55 31.6% 316 31 (31.6 40%. 40 40% 40%) analyzed environment (HC (HM (HP (LC (LM (LP 0.0 00 (8 10.4 1 (10. 17.6 76.9 7 (76. 5 10.2 38.4 3 42.8 (42. 31.6 (31. 0. ( 10. (10 17. 76. (76 38. 42. (42 31. (31 (1 (7 (4 (3

Abstract Paraquat (1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridyl dichloride) is an herbicide widely used worldwide and officially banned in Brazil in 2020. Kidney lesions frequently occur, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) due to exacerbated reactive O2 species (ROS) production. However, the consequences of ROS exposure on ionic transport and the regulator local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) still need to be elucidated at a molecular level. This study evaluated how ROS acutely influences Na+-transporting ATPases and the renal RAAS. Adult male Wistar rats received paraquat (20 mg/kg; ip). After 24 h, we observed body weight loss and elevation of urinary flow and serum creatinine. In the renal cortex, paraquat increased ROS levels, NADPH oxidase and (Na++K+)ATPase activities, angiotensin II-type 1 receptors, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6. In the medulla, paraquat increased ROS levels and NADPH oxidase activity but inhibited (Na++K+)ATPase. Paraquat induced opposite effects on the ouabain-resistant Na+-ATPase in the cortex (decrease) and medulla (increase). These alterations, except for increased serum creatinine and renal levels of TNF-α and interleukin-6, were prevented by 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (tempol; 1 mmol/L in drinking water), a stable antioxidant. In summary, after paraquat poisoning, ROS production culminated with impaired medullary function, urinary fluid loss, and disruption of Na+-transporting ATPases and angiotensin II signaling. 1,1dimethyl4,4bipyridyl 11dimethyl44bipyridyl dimethylbipyridyl 1,1 dimethyl 4,4 bipyridyl 4 dichloride 2020 occur AKI (AKI O (ROS However reninangiotensinaldosterone renin aldosterone RAAS (RAAS level Na+transporting Natransporting Na+ transporting Na 20 (2 mg/kg mgkg mg kg ip. ip . ip) 2 h Na++K+ATPase NaKATPase Na++K+ ATPase K activities IItype type receptors factorα factor α TNFα, TNFα TNF , (TNF-α) interleukin6. interleukin6 interleukin 6. 6 interleukin-6 Na++K+ATPase. ATPase. ouabainresistant ouabain resistant Na+ATPase NaATPase decrease (decrease increase. increase (increase) alterations interleukin6, 6, 4hydroxy2,2,6,6tetramethylpiperidin1oxyl 4hydroxy2266tetramethylpiperidin1oxyl hydroxytetramethylpiperidinoxyl hydroxy 2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidin oxyl tempol (tempol mmolL mmol L water, water water) antioxidant summary poisoning function signaling 1dimethyl4 4bipyridyl 11 1, 44 4, 202 ( NaK Na++K (TNF-α interleukin- (increase 4hydroxy2 6tetramethylpiperidin1oxyl 2266 2,2,6, 1dimethyl 4hydroxy tetramethylpiperidinoxyl 226 2,2,6 22 2,2, 2,2 2,

Abstract Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) aqueous extract (EBN) was gestationally administered to Wistar rats to evaluate sex-related behavioral changes in young individuals receiving a two-hit stimulus of 1 mg/kg EBN, followed by stress challenge (NYM) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. EBN exposition occurred by gavage at gestational days (GDs) 17 to 21, and NYM or LPS was conducted at post-natal day 60 (PND60). Behavior was evaluated in the open field (OF) and light-dark box (LDB) apparatuses. Serum hormones, pro- inflammatory cytokines, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine were measured. The liver and kidneys were histologically evaluated. Male and female young rats responded differently in latency to the light side and locomotion frequency on the dark side, corticosterone (females, LPS), and ACTH (females, stress). Male rats showed improved TNF-α (LPS group) and melatonin (LPS group). No histological or biochemical differences were observed in the liver or kidneys. Female young rats were more resilient to the two-hit-stimulus than the male rats. The gestational administration of EBN to male and female Wistar rats and a second stimulus (stress challenge or LPS exposure) at a young age allowed for discriminating differences in behavior, stress hormones, and cytokines according to the sex of the rat. However, no histological alterations in the liver or kidneys were observed, nor in the AST, ALT, or creatinine levels. L. L (L. Cogn Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbitaceae (EBN sexrelated related twohit two hit mgkg mg kg (NYM exposure GDs (GDs 21 postnatal post natal 6 PND60. PND60 PND . (PND60) OF (OF lightdark LDB (LDB apparatuses hormones pro AST , (AST) ALT (ALT) measured females, females (females LPS, LPS) stress. stress) TNFα TNF α group group. twohitstimulus behavior rat However levels (L 2 PND6 (PND60 (AST (ALT (PND6 (PND

Abstract The mapping of a country’s scientific production enables scientific activity assessment, allowing the identification of behavior and trends of the main actors involved in science, technology, and innovation, as well as categorizing institutions, knowledge domains, scientific collaboration relationships between countries and institutions. In this context, the research aimed to map Angola’s scientific progress through bibliometric analysis of Angolan publications indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The study is descriptive and bibliometric, considering publication year, source, language, main domains, institutional affiliations of the authors, and collaboration between countries as variables. The results showed that Angola has been making significant efforts to improve the visibility of its scientific production through the implementation of scientific and technological policies that promote research and innovation. The study demonstrated a growing trend in the total number of indexed documents over the years. Although Angola’s scientific production is still in a consolidation phase, the country has been investing in research and development, creating research institutions and encouraging scientific production. The mapping of Angolan scientific production indexed in Web of Science and Scopus is relevant to reflect and understand the productivity, trends, and behaviors of Angolan authors and to adopt science, technology, and innovation policies. countrys s assessment science technology domains context Angolas databases year source language variables years phase development productivity

Resumo O mapeamento da produção científica de um país possibilita a avaliação da atividade científica, permitindo a identificação do comportamento e tendências dos principais atores envolvidos na ciência, tecnologia e inovação, além de categorizar as instituições, domínios do conhecimento, relações de colaboração científica entre países e instituições. Nesse cenário, o objetivo da pesquisa foi mapear o avanço científico de Angola por meio de análise bibliométrica das publicações angolanas indexadas nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. O estudo é descritivo e bibliométrico, considerando como variáveis ano de publicação, fonte, idioma, domínios principais, afiliações institucionais dos autores e colaboração entre países. Os resultados mostraram que Angola tem envidado esforços significativos para melhorar a visibilidade da sua produção científica através da implementação de políticas científicas e tecnológicas para promoção da investigação e inovação. O estudo demonstrou uma tendência crescente no número total de documentos indexados ao longo dos anos. Embora a produção científica de Angola ainda esteja em fase de consolidação, o país tem investido na área de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, criando instituições de investigação e incentivando a produção científica. O mapeamento da produção científica angolana indexada na Web of Science e na Scopus é relevante para refletir e compreender a produtividade, as tendências e os comportamentos dos autores angolanos e para adotar políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação. ciência inovação conhecimento cenário bibliométrico publicação fonte idioma anos consolidação desenvolvimento produtividade

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la carga de trabajo y la gravedad de los pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) con COVID-19. Método: Estudio transversal y analítico realizado en la UCI de un hospital privado. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de COVID-19 ingresados entre septiembre de 2020 y junio de 2021. Carga de trabajo evaluada mediante la Nursing Activities Score (NAS), y gravedad mediante la valoración secuencial de fallo orgánico. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales. Resultados: Se incluyeron 217 pacientes, en su mayoría hombres, edad media 62,41 años, raza blanca, obesos, no fumadores y sedentarios. El NAS medio era de 84,79. Los niveles de personal se ajustaban a la legislación y al NAS. El NAS no se asoció con la gravedad. La gravedad se asoció a mayor edad, sexo, comorbilidades, sedentarismo, tiempo de ventilación mecánica, hospitalización y muerte. Conclusión: La carga de trabajo fue elevada y no se asoció a la gravedad ni a los resultados. La gravedad se asoció a las condiciones demográficas y clínicas. Este estudio muestra la importancia del dimensionamiento del personal, con vistas a promover la seguridad y la calidad de los cuidados. Objetivo (UCI COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Método privado 1 COVID-1 202 2021 NAS, , (NAS) orgánico inferenciales Resultados 21 hombres 6241 62 41 62,4 blanca obesos sedentarios 8479 84 79 84,79 sexo comorbilidades sedentarismo mecánica muerte Conclusión resultados clínicas cuidados COVID1 COVID- 20 (NAS 2 624 6 4 62, 847 8 7 84,7 84,

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar carga de trabalho e gravidade dos pacientes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) com COVID-19. Método: Estudo transversal, analítico realizado na UTI em hospital privado. Incluídos todos os pacientes maiores de 18 anos, com diagnóstico de COVID-19 admitidos de setembro de 2020 a junho de 2021. Carga de trabalho avaliado pelo Nursing Activities Score (NAS), e gravidade pelo Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Realizado análises descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Incluídos 217 pacientes, maioria homens, média de idade 62,41 anos, brancos, obesos, não tabagistas e sedentários. A média do NAS foi 84,79. O dimensionamento de pessoal estava em concordância com legislação e NAS. O NAS não foi associado a gravidade. Houve associação da gravidade com maior idade, sexo, comorbidades, sedentarismo, tempo de ventilação mecânica, internação e óbito. Conclusão: A carga de trabalho foi alta e não associada a gravidade e desfechos. A gravidade foi associada às condições demográficas e clínicas. Este estudo mostra a importância do dimensionamento de pessoal, com vistas à promoção da segurança e qualidade assistencial. Objetivos (UTI COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Método transversal privado 1 anos COVID-1 202 2021 NAS, , (NAS) Assessment inferencial Resultados 21 homens 6241 62 41 62,4 brancos obesos sedentários 8479 84 79 84,79 sexo comorbidades sedentarismo mecânica óbito Conclusão desfechos clínicas assistencial COVID1 COVID- 20 (NAS 2 624 6 4 62, 847 8 7 84,7 84,

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the workload and severity of patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with COVID-19. Method: Cross-sectional, analytical study carried out in the ICU of a private hospital. All patients over the age of 18 with a diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted from September 2020 to June 2021 were included. Workload assessed by the Nursing Activities Score (NAS), and severity by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Results: 217 patients were included, mostly men, mean age 62.41 years, white, obese, non-smokers and sedentary. The average NAS was 84.79. Staffing was in line with legislation and NAS. NAS was not associated with severity. Severity was associated with higher age, gender, comorbidities, sedentary lifestyle, time on mechanical ventilation, hospitalization and death. Conclusion: Workload was high and not associated with severity or outcomes. Severity was associated with demographic and clinical conditions. This study shows the importance of staff sizing, with a view to promoting safety and quality of care. Objective (ICU COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Method Crosssectional, Crosssectional Cross sectional, sectional Cross-sectional hospital 1 COVID-1 202 included NAS, , (NAS) Assessment performed Results 21 men 6241 62 41 62.4 years white obese nonsmokers non smokers 8479 84 79 84.79 gender comorbidities lifestyle ventilation death Conclusion outcomes conditions sizing care COVID1 COVID- 20 (NAS 2 624 6 4 62. 847 8 7 84.7 84.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of eugenol on the in vitro production of ovine embryos. Oocytes were aspirated and taken for in vitro maturation (IVM), where they were divided into 4 groups: the CON (control), in which the oocytes were immersed in medium without an antioxidant; in the EU10, EU20, EU40 groups, the same medium as in the COM group was used, supplemented with 10, 20, and 40 µM of eugenol, respectively. The degree of expansion of cumulus cells was evaluated. Subsequently, the oocytes underwent in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture, and at the end of this process, the rate of cleaved structures was assessed. Regarding the expansion rate of cumulus cells, the CON group exhibited higher rates compared to the groups supplemented with eugenol. Evaluating oocytes with fully expanded cumulus cells, only the EU40 group showed a lower rate when compared to the rest of the treatment groups. Whereas observing oocytes with partially expanded cumulus cells, the EU40 group showed higher expansion percentages compared to the other treatments. Concerning the presence of the first polar body in the oocytes, it was observed that there was no statistical difference between the treatment groups. Lastly, concerning the cleaved structures, the CON and EU10 groups showed the highest rates compared to the EU20 and EU40 groups. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the use of 10 µM of eugenol in the IVM of ovine oocytes proved to be the optimal concentration of this substance.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del eugenol en la producción in vitro de embriones ovinos. Los ovocitos fueron aspirados y llevados para la maduración in vitro (MIV), donde se dividieron en 4 grupos: el CON (control), en el cual los ovocitos fueron sumergidos en medio sin antioxidantes; en los grupos EU10, EU20, EU40 se utilizó el mismo medio que en el grupo CON, pero con la adición de 10, 20 y 40 µM de eugenol, respectivamente. Se evaluó el grado de expansión de las células del cúmulo. Después de esto, los ovocitos fueron sometidos a la fecundación in vitro y al cultivo in vitro, y al final de este proceso se evaluó la tasa de estructuras clivadas. En cuanto a la tasa de expansión de las células del cúmulo, el grupo CON mostró tasas más altas en comparación con los grupos suplementados con eugenol. Al evaluar los ovocitos con células del cúmulo totalmente expandidas, solo el grupo EU40 mostró una tasa más baja en comparación con el resto de los grupos de tratamiento. Mientras que al observar los ovocitos con células del cúmulo parcialmente expandidas, el grupo EU40 mostró porcentajes de expansión más altos en comparación con los otros tratamientos. Respecto a la presencia del primer corpúsculo polar en los ovocitos, se observó que no hubo diferencia estadística entre los grupos de tratamiento. Por último, en relación con las estructuras clivadas, los grupos CON y EU10 mostraron las tasas más altas en comparación con los grupos EU20 y EU40. Por lo tanto, se pudo concluir que el uso de 10 µM de eugenol en la MIV de ovocitos ovinos resultó ser la concentración óptima de esta sustância.

Objetivando avaliar o efeito do eugenol na produção in vitro de embriões ovinos. Os oócitos, foram aspirados e levados para a maturação in vitro (MIV), onde foram divididos em 4 grupos: o CON (controle), no qual os oócitos foram imersos em meio, sem antioxidante, já nos grupos EU10, EU20, EU40 foi utilizado o mesmo meio do grupo CON, acrescido de 10, 20 e 40 µM de eugenol, respectivamente. Foi avaliado o grau de expansão das células do cumulus. Após isso, os oócitos seguiram para a fecundação in vitro e cultivo in vitro, sendo, ao final desse processo, avaliada a taxa de estruturas clivadas. Em relação à taxa de expansão das células do cumulus, o grupo CON apresentou maiores taxas, quando comparado aos grupos adicionados de eugenol. Avaliando os oócitos com células do cumulus totalmente expandidas, somente o grupo EU40, apresentou-se menor, quando comparado ao restante dos grupos de tratamento. Já observando os oócitos com células do cumulus parcialmente expandidas, o grupo EU40, apresentou maiores percentuais de expansão, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos. Sobre a presença do primeiro corpúsculo polar nos oócitos, observou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos de tratamentos. E, por último, em relação às estruturas clivadas, os grupos CON e EU10 apresentaram as maiores taxas, quando comparado aos grupos EU20 e EU40. Dessa maneira, foi possível concluir que a utilização de 10 µM de eugenol na MIV de oócitos ovinos apresentou ser a melhor concentração dessa substância.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and the subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) of ovine embryos. For this purpose, oocytes were collected and divided into the following treatment groups: control group, containing CON medium (control); and groups Q2, Q4, and Q8, with control medium supplemented with 2, 4, and 8 µM of quercetin, respectively. After IVM, the degree of cumulus cells expansion, presence of the first polar body (PB), and the other part of the oocytes proceeded to in vitro fertilization (IVF), where oocytes were incubated with spermatozoa for a period of 20 hours. Subsequently, the presumptive zygotes underwent in vitro culture (IVC) for 48 hours, and at the end of the process, the rate of cleaved structures was evaluated. The results were expressed in percentage and compared using the Chi-square test, with a significant difference considered when P&lt;0.05. Evaluating the expansion of cumulus cells, the CON and Q2 groups showed the best expansion rates compared to the Q4 and Q8 groups. Regarding the presence of the 1st PB, it was observed that only the Q8 group exhibited lower rates compared to the control group. When evaluating the rate of cleaved structures, it was observed that the Q2 group showed a higher number compared to the Q8 group. Quercetin does not influence the maturation of ovine oocytes.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la quercetina en la maduración in vitro (MIV) de ovocitos y la posterior fertilización in vitro (FIV) de embriones ovinos. Para ello, se recolectaron y seleccionaron ovocitos divididos en los siguientes grupos de tratamiento: grupo control, que contenía medio CON (control); y los grupos Q2, Q4 y Q8, con medio control al que se le añadieron 2, 4 y 8 µM de quercetina, respectivamente. Tras la MIV se evaluó el grado de expansión de las células del cúmulo, la presencia del primer corpúsculo polar (CP) y la otra parte de los ovocitos se utilizó para la fecundación in vitro (FIV), donde los ovocitos fueron incubados con espermatozoides durante un período de 20 horas. Posteriormente, los presuntos cigotos pasaron a cultivo in vitro (CIV) durante 48 horas y, al final del proceso, se evaluó la tasa de estructuras clivadas. Los resultados se expresaron en porcentaje y se compararon utilizando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, considerando una diferencia significativa cuando P&lt;0,05. Al evaluar la expansión de las células del cúmulo, los grupos CON y Q2 mostraron las mejores tasas de expansión en comparación con los grupos Q4 y Q8. En cuanto a la presencia del 1er CP, se observó que solo el grupo Q8 mostró tasas más bajas en comparación con el grupo control. Al evaluar la tasa de estructuras clivadas, se observó que el grupo Q2 mostró un número mayor en comparación con el grupo Q8. La quercetina no influye en la maduración de ovocitos ovinos.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da quercetina na MIV de oócitos e na subsequente PIV de embriões ovinos. Para isso, foram colhidos e selecionados oócitos divididos nos seguintes grupos de tratamento: grupo controle, contendo meio CON (controle); e grupos Q2, Q4 e Q8, com meio controle, acrescido de 2, 4 e 8 µM de quercetina, respectivamente. Após a MIV foi avaliado o grau de expansão das células do cumulus, presença do primeiro corpúsculo polar (CP) e a outra parte dos oócitos seguiu para a fecundação in vitro (FIV), onde os oócitos foram incubados com os espermatozoides, por um período de 20 h. Em seguida, os presumíveis zigotos seguiram para o cultivo in vitro (CIV), por um período de 48 h e, ao final do processo, foi avaliada a taxa de estruturas clivadas. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem e comparados, usando o Teste do Qui-quadrado e foi considerada diferença significativa quando P&lt;0,05. Avaliando a expansão das células do cumulus, os grupos CON e Q2 apresentaram as melhores taxas de expansão, quando comparadas aos grupos Q4 e Q8. Quanto à presença do 1º CP, foi possível observar que somente o grupo Q8 apresentou taxas menores, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Já avaliando a taxa de estruturas clivadas, foi possível observar que o grupo Q2 apresentou maior número quando comparado ao grupo Q8. A quercetina não influencia na maturação de oócitos ovinos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The factors that allow the management of river systems at metallic contamination risk, must be clearly identified in order to reduce the degree of contamination and mitigate its effects. The objective of the work was to develop and implement a procedure for the sustainable management of river systems at risk of metal contamination, which serve as a tool to facilitate decision making at the territorial level. Methods: It was established the conceptual model (dimensions, categories and indicators) and the implementation procedure by expert consultations. During the implementation in the Pedroso-Mampostón river system, they were used ICPMS and RX- fluorescence techniques, catalytic oxidation, gaseous phase chromatography, potentiometry and X-ray diffraction. They were used semi-structured interviews and team work to obtain information and communicate results. Results: The conceptual model consists in two subsystems (Monitoring and Response), that characterize pollution and categorize ecosystems by evaluating six abiotic and eight biotic indicators. It was defined the procedure that guides the implementation of the model in four stages and it was applied in the Pedroso-Mampostón river system, which allowed its hydrological units to be categorized: Mampostón Dam-Category I; Ganuza River, Mampostón River and Pedroso Dam-Category IV. Contamination is characterized as widespread-restricted, frequent and very dangerous. There is evidence of toxicity in fish (moderate-high CPEt: concentrations of Cd not recommended for consumption in 37.5%-44.0%; high Pb content in 14%-20%) and plants (PDF in macrophytes: 16%-32% Cd and Pb). In humans, there is a chronic non-carcinogenic danger from a consumption of 81 g.day-1 and a real-restricted carcinogenic risk. Conclusions: The procedure can be useful to other ecosystems at metallic contamination risk.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los factores que permiten el manejo de sistemas fluviales en riesgo de contaminación metálica, deben estar identificados con claridad para lograr disminuir el grado de contaminación y la mitigación de sus efectos. El trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar e implementar un procedimiento que permita el manejo sostenible de sistemas fluviales en riesgo de contaminación metálica, como herramienta para facilitar la toma de decisiones a nivel territorial. Métodos: Mediante el método de consulta a expertos, se establecieron las dimensiones, categorías e indicadores que integran el modelo conceptual y el procedimiento de monitoreo y gestión de sistemas fluviales en riesgo de contaminación metálica. Durante la implementación en el sistema fluvial Pedroso-Mampostón, se utilizaron técnicas de Espectrometría de masas por plasma inducido y acoplado y fluorescencia de rayos X, oxidación catalítica, cromatografía en fase gaseosa, potenciometría y difracción de rayos X. Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y trabajo grupal para obtener información y comunicar resultados. Resultados: El modelo conceptual consta de 2 subsistemas que permiten, mediante la evaluación de 6 indicadores abióticos y 8 bióticos, caracterizar la contaminación y categorizar los ecosistemas. El procedimiento que guía la implementación del modelo se definió en 4 etapas y se aplicó en el sistema fluvial Pedroso-Mampostón, lo que permitió categorizar sus unidades hidrológicas: presa Mampostón-Categoría I; ríos Ganuza y Mampostón y derivadora Pedroso; categoría IV. La contaminación se caracteriza como diseminada-restringida, frecuente y muy peligrosa. Existen evidencias de toxicidad en peces (CPEt moderado-alto: concentraciones de Cd no recomendables para el consumo en el 37,5 % el 44,0 %; contenido de Pb elevado en el 14 % al 20 %) y plantas (PDF en macrófitas: 16 % al 32 % Cd y Pb). En el hombre, existe peligro crónico para un consumo de 81 gr/día-1 y riesgo carcinogénico (real-restringido). Como conclusiones, el procedimiento aplicado puede ser generalizable a otros ecosistemas en riesgo.

ABSTRACT The higher education system plays a relevant role in accomplishing the processes of territorial and local development. The University of Havana nationally coordinates the Bachelor in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BMB) degree, and their graduates carry out essential work for their territories of origin. However, most of BMB graduates do not return to their provinces. It is important for the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology career to consider in the concept of sustainability not only the conceptual aspect of this science, but also the economic and social aspects, and the development of initiatives to encourage the commitment of students with their region. This work, from the analysis of the placement and professional development of BBM graduates in scientific institutions and higher education centers and individual interviews with students, was aimed to propose a strategy for motivating the graduates’commitment with their territories, and thus contribute to the local development in the fields of biomedicine and biotechnology in their territories.

RESUMEN La educación superior desempeña un papel relevante en la atención a los procesos de desarrollo territorial y local. La carrera de Licenciatura en Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (BBM) coordinada por la Universidad de La Habana, es una carrera nacional, y sus egresados cumplen una significativa labor en sus territorios de origen. Sin embargo, gran parte de ellos no regresa a sus provincias. Es importante para la carrera, considerar en el concepto de sostenibilidad, no solo el aspecto conceptual, sino también el económico-social y el desarrollo de iniciativas, para incentivar el compromiso de los estudiantes con su región. Este trabajo, a partir de entrevistas individuales a estudiantes, y del análisis de la ubicación y el desarrollo profesional de graduados de la carrera en instituciones científicas y Centros de Educación Superior, tuvo como objetivo proponer una estrategia que motive el compromiso de los egresados de mantenerse en su localidad, y así contribuir al desarrollo local en las esferas de la biomedicina y la biotecnología de sus territorios.

ABSTRACT Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson’s regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations. virus 1381 1 381 1,38 State Brazil antiHBc, antiHBc anti HBc, HBc antiHBs HBs features schedule Poissons Poisson s ratio 16 residing municipality, , municipality) area use 485 48 5 48.5% 27 38.9% 389 38 9 (38.9% concentrations p 0.001, 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) which responses measures locations 138 1,3 4 48.5 2 38.9 3 (38.9 000 0.00 00 1, 48. 38. (38. 0.0 (38 0. (3 (

Abstract The Theory of Didactic Situations developed by Brousseau in the 1970s was an innovative proposal, especially because of his conviction that the emerging field, Didactics of Mathematics, should be supported by methodologies that gave an essential role to the design of situations capable of making mathematical knowledge emerge from the interactions of students with a designed and controlled environment. This position radically changed the conception of learning in his proposal; direct learning and learning by imitation had no place in the theory. This theory has prompted different theoretical and experimental works reflecting on its theoretical positions. It has also led to discussions and controversies due to the fact that other theories differ from its conceptions on the design, the control of variables or the conception of the subject in the didactic system. The objective of this article is, after making a study of the theory, to defend the thesis that the Theory of Didactic Situations is a paradigm that not only remains valid in the field of Didactics of Mathematics but also evolves thanks to the contributions of different researchers in the field. I formulate that it is necessary to share with the community of mathematics educators interested or not in the theory, the interpretations and new developments of the thinkers who continue to develop their work under these theoretical principles. s proposal environment positions system principles

Resumen La Teoría de las Situaciones Didácticas, desarrollada por Brousseau en la década del 1970, fue una propuesta innovadora especialmente por su convicción de que el campo naciente, la Didáctica de las Matemáticas, debía apoyarse en metodologías que otorgaran un papel esencial al diseño de situaciones capaces de hacer emerger el saber matemático, a partir de las interacciones de los estudiantes con un medio diseñado y controlado. Esta postura cambiaba, radicalmente, la concepción del aprendizaje en su propuesta: el aprendizaje directo y por imitación no tenía cabida en la teoría. Esta teoría ha impulsado diferentes trabajos teóricos y experimentales en los que se reflexiona sobre sus posturas teóricas. También, ha propiciado discusiones y controversias debido a que otras teorías difieren de sus concepciones sobre el diseño, el control de las variables o la concepción del sujeto en el sistema didáctico. El objetivo de este artículo es, luego de hacer un estudio del arte sobre la teoría, defender la tesis de que la Teoría de Situaciones Didácticas es un paradigma que no solo se mantiene vigente en el campo de la Didáctica de las Matemáticas sino, también, que evoluciona gracias a los aportes de diferentes investigadores del campo. Formulo que es necesario compartir con la comunidad de educadores matemáticos interesados o no en la teoría, las interpretaciones y nuevos desarrollos de los pensadores que siguen desarrollando su trabajo bajo estos principios teóricos. 1970 naciente matemático controlado cambiaba radicalmente teóricas También didáctico sino también 197 19 1