RESUMEN Introducción: La actividad física es una herramienta importante para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial sistémica. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la relación de la actividad física con la cantidad de medicamentos antihipertensivos utilizados por las ancianas. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue hacer una comparación entre el número de medicamentos antihipertensivos utilizados por mujeres adultas mayores (≥ 60 años) y bajo nivel de actividad física con el número utilizado por aquellas con alto nivel de actividad física, y verificar cuántas de las participantes usaron más de dos medicamentos antihipertensivos. Métodos: Veintiocho ancianas físicamente activas con hipertensión arterial sistémica que participaron en un programa de actividad física para mujeres adultas mayores residentes en la comunidad fueran divididas en dos grupos: las participantes que presentaron niveles más bajos de actividad física habitual se ubicaron en el grupo 1 y las participantes que presentaron los mayores niveles de actividad física se ubicaron en el grupo 2, según el cuestionario de Baecke. Además, se recogió el número de medicamentos antihipertensivos utilizados por las participantes. Resultados: El número de comprimidos antihipertensivos prescritos fue de 2,0 (mediana) para ambos grupos investigados. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en cuanto al número de medicamentos antihipertensivos prescritos (p>0,05). Aunque no hubo diferencia estadística, una mayor proporción de participantes del grupo de menor actividad física usó más de dos medicamentos antihipertensivos. Conclusión: El nivel de actividad física habitual no afectó el número de comprimidos antihipertensivos utilizados por las ancianas hipertensas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción embargo Objetivo ≥ ( 6 años Métodos 2 Baecke Además Resultados 20 0 mediana (mediana investigados p>0,05. p005 p p>0,05 . 05 (p>0,05) estadística Conclusión hipertensas II terapéuticos tratamiento p00 p>0,0 (p>0,05 p0 p>0, (p>0,0 p>0 (p>0, p> (p>0 (p> (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical activity is an important tool to manage systemic arterial hypertension. However, less is known about the relationship of physical activity with the number of antihypertensive drugs used by older adults. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the number of antihypertensive drugs used by older female adults (aged ≥ 60 years) with a low level of physical activity with the number used by those with a high level of physical activity, and to verify how many participants used more than two antihypertensive drugs. Methods: Twenty-eight physically active older women with systemic arterial hypertension who participated in a physical activity program for community-dwelling older female adults were divided into two groups: participants who presented lower habitual physical activity levels were placed in group 1 and participants that presented higher habitual physical activity levels were placed in group 2, according to the Baecke questionnaire. In addition, the number of antihypertensive drugs used by participants was collected. Results: The number of prescribed antihypertensive drugs was 2.0 (median) for both groups investigated. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the number of antihypertensive tablets prescribed (p>0.05). Although there was no statistical difference, a higher proportion of participants from the lower physical activity group used more than two antihypertensive drugs. Conclusion: The level of habitual physical activity did not affect the number of antihypertensive tablets used by hypertensive elderly women. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies – investigation of treatment results. Introduction However Objective aged 6 years Methods Twentyeight Twenty eight communitydwelling community dwelling 2 questionnaire addition collected Results 20 0 2. median (median investigated p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 . 05 (p>0.05) Conclusion II results p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p>0 (p>0. p> (p>0 (p> (p

RESUMO Introdução: A atividade física é uma importante ferramenta no manejo da hipertensão arterial sistêmica. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a relação entre a atividade física e a quantidade de anti-hipertensivos usados por idosos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma comparação entre o número de anti-hipertensivos usados por idosas (≥ 60 anos) com baixo nível de atividade física com o número usado por aquelas com alto nível de atividade física, verificando quantas participantes usaram mais de dois anti-hipertensivos. Métodos: Vinte e oito idosas fisicamente ativas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica que participavam de um programa de atividade física para idosas da comunidade foram divididas em dois grupos: as participantes que apresentaram níveis mais baixos de atividade física habitual foram colocadas no grupo 1 e as participantes que apresentaram maiores níveis de atividade física foram colocados no grupo 2, de acordo com o questionário de Baecke. Ademais, coletou-se o número de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos utilizados pelas participantes. Resultados: O número de fármacos anti-hipertensivos prescritos foi de 2,0 (mediana) para ambos os grupos investigados. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto ao número de comprimidos anti-hipertensivos prescritos (p>0,05). Embora não tenha havido diferença estatística, uma maior proporção de participantes entre o grupo de menor atividade física utilizava mais de dois anti-hipertensivos. Conclusão: O nível de atividade física habitual não afetou a quantidade de comprimidos anti-hipertensivos utilizados pelas idosas hipertensas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução entanto antihipertensivos anti hipertensivos idosos Objetivo ≥ ( 6 anos antihipertensivos. hipertensivos. Métodos 2 Baecke Ademais coletouse coletou Resultados 20 0 mediana (mediana investigados p>0,05. p005 p p>0,05 . 05 (p>0,05) estatística Conclusão hipertensas II tratamento p00 p>0,0 (p>0,05 p0 p>0, (p>0,0 p>0 (p>0, p> (p>0 (p> (p

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nutritional status and growth curves can affect cognitive development, increase the risk of infection, and contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Its etiology is related to food, socioeconomic, and maternal conditions. However, to date, no data on these parameters exist in the state of Goiás, Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To compare the nutritional status and growth curves of children and adolescents in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 529 individuals were recruited from a primary health center in the municipality. METHODS: To assess nutritional status, the sample was divided into three categories: 3–4, 5–10, and 11–19 years, with z-score classification considering body mass index for age. The classification of growth curves was performed considering the median height values for age, assuming two references: (a) young Brazilian population and (b) one recommended for international use. The independent sample T-test was used to compare anthropometric variables. RESULTS: The results showed that the classification of eutrophics represents a predominant percentage between both sexes (men: 03–04 = 55.4%; 05–10 = 57.6%; 11–19 = 53.5 % and women: 03–04 = 53.5%; 05–10 = 63.9%; 11–19 = 56.9%), and growth curves showed differences in specific periods in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that children and adolescents from the city of Goiânia present as predominance the eutrophic nutritional status, followed by the risk of overweight, underweight, obesity, and malnutrition of both sexes. BACKGROUND infection diseases food socioeconomic conditions However date Goiás Brazil OBJECTIVE SETTING crosssectional cross sectional study 52 municipality METHODS categories 34 3 4 3–4 510 5 10 5–10 1119 11 19 11–1 years zscore z score age references (a b (b use Ttest T test variables RESULTS men (men 0304 03 04 03–0 55.4% 554 55 0510 05 05–1 57.6% 576 57 6 535 53 53. women 53.5% 63.9% 639 63 9 56.9%, 569 56.9% , 56 56.9%) CONCLUSIONS overweight underweight obesity 3– 51 1 5–1 111 11– 030 0 03– 55.4 051 05– 57.6 63.9 56.9 5– 55. 57. 63. 56.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los efectos hipotéticos al reemplazar el comportamiento sedentario por actividad física de moderada a vigorosa, sueño y diferentes dominios de actividad física por cantidades equivalentes sobre el deterioro cognitivo en una población anciana. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con 473 ancianos ≥ 60 años. El deterioro cognitivo se evaluó mediante el Mini Examen del Estado Mental. La actividad física, sus diferentes dominios y el tiempo de exposición al comportamiento sedentario se evaluaron mediante el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizaron dos modelos de reemplazo isotemporal, utilizando la regresión de Poisson. El primer modelo probó el efecto del tiempo de sueño, comportamiento sedentario y actividad física de moderada a vigorosa en el deterioro cognitivo. El segundo modelo se utilizó para determinar el efecto de los dominios de actividad física (ocio, trabajo, transporte y hogar), tiempo de sueño y comportamiento sedentario en el deterioro cognitivo. La actividad física en el tiempo libre fue un factor protector contra el deterioro cognitivo en todos los dominios evaluados, reemplazando el comportamiento sedentario, el sueño y el transporte. Por otra parte, reemplazar el dominio del ocio por comportamiento sedentario, sueño y transporte se consideró un factor de riesgo para el deterioro cognitivo. El tiempo libre demostró ser un fuerte factor protector para reducir el riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, por lo que es necesario fomentar y estimular políticas públicas. Resumen anciana transversal 47 6 años Mental Física datos isotemporal Poisson ocio, (ocio trabajo hogar, hogar , hogar) evaluados parte públicas 4

Resumo: Este estudo objetivou verificar os efeitos hipotéticos da substituição do comportamento sedentário por atividade física moderada a vigorosa, sono e diferentes domínios da atividade física por quantidades equivalentes sobre o declínio cognitivo em uma população idosa. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 473 idosos de ≥ 60 anos. O declínio cognitivo foi avaliado por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental. A atividade física, seus diferentes domínios e o tempo de exposição ao comportamento sedentário foram avaliados por meio do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados dois modelos de substituição isotemporal, por meio da regressão de Poisson. O primeiro modelo testou o efeito do tempo de sono, comportamento sedentário e atividade física moderada a vigorosa no declínio cognitivo. O segundo modelo foi utilizado para determinar o efeito dos domínios de atividade física (lazer, trabalho, transporte e casa), tempo de sono e comportamento sedentário no declínio cognitivo. A atividade física no lazer foi um fator protetivo contra declínio cognitivo em todos os domínios testados, substituindo comportamento sedentário, sono e transporte. Por outro lado, a substituição do domínio lazer por comportamento sedentário, sono e transporte foi considerada fator de risco para o declínio cognitivo. O tempo livre mostrou-se um forte fator protetor na redução do risco de declínio cognitivo, sendo necessário incentivar e estimular políticas públicas. Resumo idosa Tratase Trata se transversal 47 6 anos Mental Física dados isotemporal Poisson lazer, (lazer trabalho casa, casa , casa) testados lado mostrouse mostrou públicas 4

Abstract: This study aimed to test hypothesized effects of replacing sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sleep, and different domains of physical activity by equivalent amounts on suggestive cognitive decline in an older adult population. This was a cross-sectional study including 473 older adults aged ≥ 60 years. Cognitive decline was assessed using the Mini-Mental Health Examination. Physical activity, its different domains and the time of exposure to sedentary behavior were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. For data analysis, two isotemporal substitution models were constructed using Poisson regression. The first model tested the effect of sleep time, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on cognitive decline. The second model was used to determine the effect of physical activity domains (leisure, work, transport, and home), sleep time, and sedentary behavior on cognitive decline. Physical activity during leisure time was protective against cognitive decline among all domains tested, replacing sedentary behavior, sleep, and transport. Conversely, substitution of the leisure domain for sedentary behavior, sleep, and transport was considered a risk factor for cognitive decline. Leisure time proved to be a strong protective factor in reducing the risk of cognitive decline, and it is necessary to encourage and stimulate public policies that include it. Abstract moderatetovigorous moderate vigorous population crosssectional cross sectional 47 6 years MiniMental Mini Mental Examination Questionnaire analysis regression leisure, (leisure work home, home , home) Conversely 4

Resumo: Este estudo objetivou verificar os efeitos hipotéticos da substituição do comportamento sedentário por atividade física moderada a vigorosa, sono e diferentes domínios da atividade física por quantidades equivalentes sobre o declínio cognitivo em uma população idosa. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 473 idosos de ≥ 60 anos. O declínio cognitivo foi avaliado por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental. A atividade física, seus diferentes domínios e o tempo de exposição ao comportamento sedentário foram avaliados por meio do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados dois modelos de substituição isotemporal, por meio da regressão de Poisson. O primeiro modelo testou o efeito do tempo de sono, comportamento sedentário e atividade física moderada a vigorosa no declínio cognitivo. O segundo modelo foi utilizado para determinar o efeito dos domínios de atividade física (lazer, trabalho, transporte e casa), tempo de sono e comportamento sedentário no declínio cognitivo. A atividade física no lazer foi um fator protetivo contra declínio cognitivo em todos os domínios testados, substituindo comportamento sedentário, sono e transporte. Por outro lado, a substituição do domínio lazer por comportamento sedentário, sono e transporte foi considerada fator de risco para o declínio cognitivo. O tempo livre mostrou-se um forte fator protetor na redução do risco de declínio cognitivo, sendo necessário incentivar e estimular políticas públicas.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los efectos hipotéticos al reemplazar el comportamiento sedentario por actividad física de moderada a vigorosa, sueño y diferentes dominios de actividad física por cantidades equivalentes sobre el deterioro cognitivo en una población anciana. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con 473 ancianos ≥ 60 años. El deterioro cognitivo se evaluó mediante el Mini Examen del Estado Mental. La actividad física, sus diferentes dominios y el tiempo de exposición al comportamiento sedentario se evaluaron mediante el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizaron dos modelos de reemplazo isotemporal, utilizando la regresión de Poisson. El primer modelo probó el efecto del tiempo de sueño, comportamiento sedentario y actividad física de moderada a vigorosa en el deterioro cognitivo. El segundo modelo se utilizó para determinar el efecto de los dominios de actividad física (ocio, trabajo, transporte y hogar), tiempo de sueño y comportamiento sedentario en el deterioro cognitivo. La actividad física en el tiempo libre fue un factor protector contra el deterioro cognitivo en todos los dominios evaluados, reemplazando el comportamiento sedentario, el sueño y el transporte. Por otra parte, reemplazar el dominio del ocio por comportamiento sedentario, sueño y transporte se consideró un factor de riesgo para el deterioro cognitivo. El tiempo libre demostró ser un fuerte factor protector para reducir el riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, por lo que es necesario fomentar y estimular políticas públicas.

Abstract: This study aimed to test hypothesized effects of replacing sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sleep, and different domains of physical activity by equivalent amounts on suggestive cognitive decline in an older adult population. This was a cross-sectional study including 473 older adults aged ≥ 60 years. Cognitive decline was assessed using the Mini-Mental Health Examination. Physical activity, its different domains and the time of exposure to sedentary behavior were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. For data analysis, two isotemporal substitution models were constructed using Poisson regression. The first model tested the effect of sleep time, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on cognitive decline. The second model was used to determine the effect of physical activity domains (leisure, work, transport, and home), sleep time, and sedentary behavior on cognitive decline. Physical activity during leisure time was protective against cognitive decline among all domains tested, replacing sedentary behavior, sleep, and transport. Conversely, substitution of the leisure domain for sedentary behavior, sleep, and transport was considered a risk factor for cognitive decline. Leisure time proved to be a strong protective factor in reducing the risk of cognitive decline, and it is necessary to encourage and stimulate public policies that include it.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dynapenia is characterized by mobility limitations in the older population when combined with aggravating behavioral factors that can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothetical effects of reallocation of time spent on sedentary behavior (SB), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep on dynapenia in older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study using exploratory surveys in Alcobaça City, Bahia State, Brazil. METHODS: In total, 176 older adults (≥ 60 years) of both sexes participated in this study. Dynapenia was assessed using the handgrip strength test with cutoff points of < 27 kg for men and < 16 kg for women. MVPA and SB were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: Effects on reallocation were found for the shortest times, such as 10 minutes (odds ratio (OR) 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–0.99); substituting MVPA with SB increased the chances of dynapenia by 58.0% (95% CI: 1.01–2.49). Analyzing the substitution of 60 minutes/day of SB with 60 minutes/day of MVPA revealed a protective effect, with a lower OR for dynapenia of 37.0% (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40–0.99). The reallocation of sleep time did not significantly reduce dynapenia. CONCLUSIONS: Substituting the time spent sitting with the same amount of time spent on MVPA can reduce dynapenia, and a longer reallocation time confers greater health benefits in older adults. BACKGROUND mortality OBJECTIVE SB, , (SB) moderatetovigorous moderate to vigorous MVPA, (MVPA) SETTING City State Brazil METHODS total 17 ≥ ( 6 years 2 1 women Questionnaire Index RESULTS times odds 0.92 092 0 92 95 CI (CI) 0.85–0.99 085099 85 99 0.85–0.99) 580 58 58.0 (95 1.01–2.49. 101249 1.01–2.49 . 01 49 1.01–2.49) minutesday day effect 370 37 37.0 0.63 063 63 0.40–0.99. 040099 0.40–0.99 40 0.40–0.99) CONCLUSIONS (SB (MVPA 0.9 09 9 (CI 0.85–0.9 08509 8 5 58. (9 10124 1.01–2.4 4 3 37. 0.6 06 04009 0.40–0.9 0. 0.85–0. 0850 1012 1.01–2. 0400 0.40–0. 0.85–0 085 101 1.01–2 040 0.40–0 0.85– 08 1.01– 04 0.40– 0.85 1.01 0.40 0.8 1.0 0.4 1.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to analyze the association of physical activity (PA) level combined with exposure to sedentary behavior (SB) with dynapenia in older people. Epidemiological, cross-sectional study, conducted with 208 older adults in Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil. Habitual PA and SB were quantified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Based on this information, participants were divided into groups (G): G1) sufficiently active and low SB; G2) sufficiently active and high SB; G3) insufficiently active and low SB; and G4) insufficiently active and high SB. Assessment of dynapenia was performed based on the values of the handgrip strength measured in kilogram-force (kgf) (women: 18.37 kgf; men: 26.75 kgf). Descriptive analysis was conducted using absolute and relative frequencies, mean and standard deviation. For the inferential analysis, Poisson regression was used, with a robust estimator, calculation of Prevalence Ratios (PRs) and their relevant Confidence Intervals (CIs) of 95.0%. It was observed that the mean age of women and men were, respectively, 71.0 ± 6.7 and 72.3 ± 8.1 years and the prevalence of dynapenia observed was about 24.5%. Furthermore, it was found that the insufficiently active older adults with low SB (G3) (PR: 2.28; 95%CI: 1.09-4.76), and those insufficiently active with high SB (G4) (PR: 4, 14; 95%CI: 1.95-8.70), were more likely to experience the assessed outcome. Evidence showed that, among the older adults in Aiquara the prevalence of dynapenia was high in the presence of an insufficient level of PA, especially when combined with greater exposure to SB (PA (SB people Epidemiological crosssectional cross sectional study 20 Bahia Brazil Questionnaire information G (G) G1 G2 G3 G4 kilogramforce kilogram force kgf (kgf (women 1837 18 37 18.3 2675 26 75 26.7 kgf. . kgf) frequencies deviation used estimator PRs (PRs CIs (CIs 950 95 0 95.0% respectively 710 71 71. 67 6 7 6. 723 72 3 72. 81 8 1 8. 245 24 5 24.5% Furthermore (G3 PR (PR 2.28 228 2 28 95%CI 95CI CI 1.094.76, 109476 1.09 4.76 , 09 4 76 1.09-4.76) (G4 14 1.958.70, 195870 1.95 8.70 70 1.95-8.70) outcome (G 183 18. 267 26. 9 95.0 24.5 2.2 22 094 1.094.76 10947 109 1.0 476 4.7 1.09-4.76 958 1.958.70 19587 195 1.9 870 8.7 1.95-8.70 95. 24. 2. 1.094.7 1094 10 1. 47 4. 1.09-4.7 1.958.7 1958 19 87 1.95-8.7 1.094. 1.09-4. 1.958. 1.95-8. 1.094 1.09-4 1.958 1.95-8 1.09- 1.95-

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a associação do nível de atividade física (AF) combinado à exposição ao comportamento sedentário (CS) com a dinapenia em idosos. Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, conduzido com 208 idosos de Aiquara, Bahia, Brasil. A AF habitual e o CS foram quantificados pelo International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A partir destas informações, dividiu-se os participantes em grupos (G): G1) suficientemente ativos e baixo CS; G2) suficientemente ativos e elevado CS; G3) insuficientemente ativos e baixo CS; e G4) insuficientemente ativos e elevado CS. A avaliação da dinapenia foi realizada a partir dos valores, em quilograma-força (kgf), da força de preensão manual (mulheres: 18,37 kgf; homens: 26,75 kgf). A análise descritiva foi conduzida por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas, média e desvio padrão. Para a análise inferencial utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson, com estimador robusto, cálculo das Razões de Prevalência (RP) e de seus respectivos Intervalos de Confiança (IC) de 95,0%. Observou-se que as médias de idade das mulheres e dos homens, foram, respectivamente, 71,0 ± 6,7 e 72,3 ± 8,1 anos e a prevalência de dinapenia observada foi na ordem de 24,5%. Ademais, averiguou-se que os idosos insuficientemente ativos com baixo CS (G3) (RP: 2,28; IC95%: 1,09-4,76), e os insuficientemente ativos com elevado CS (G4) (RP: 4,14; IC95%: 1,95-8,70), apresentaram maior probabilidade ao desfecho analisado. As evidências verificadas mostraram que, entre os idosos de Aiquara, a prevalência de dinapenia foi elevada na presença do nível de AF insuficiente, especialmente quando combinado a uma maior exposição ao CS. (AF (CS epidemiológico transversal 20 Aiquara Bahia Brasil Questionnaire informações dividiuse dividiu se G (G) G1 G2 G3 G4 valores quilogramaforça quilograma kgf, kgf , (kgf) (mulheres 1837 18 37 18,3 homens 2675 26 75 26,7 kgf. . kgf) relativas padrão utilizouse utilizou Poisson robusto RP (RP IC (IC 950 95 0 95,0% Observouse Observou respectivamente 710 71 71, 67 6 7 6, 723 72 3 72, 81 8 1 8, 245 24 5 24,5% Ademais averiguouse averiguou (G3 2,28 228 2 28 IC95% IC95 1,094,76, 109476 1,09 4,76 09 4 76 1,09-4,76) (G4 4,14 414 14 1,958,70, 195870 1,95 8,70 70 1,95-8,70) analisado insuficiente (G (kgf 183 18, 267 26, 9 95,0 24,5 2,2 22 IC9 094 1,094,76 10947 109 1,0 476 4,7 1,09-4,76 4,1 41 958 1,958,70 19587 195 1,9 870 8,7 1,95-8,70 95, 24, 2, 1,094,7 1094 10 1, 47 4, 1,09-4,7 1,958,7 1958 19 87 1,95-8,7 1,094, 1,09-4, 1,958, 1,95-8, 1,094 1,09-4 1,958 1,95-8 1,09- 1,95-

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dynapenia is characterized by mobility limitations in the older population when combined with aggravating behavioral factors that can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothetical effects of reallocation of time spent on sedentary behavior (SB), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep on dynapenia in older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study using exploratory surveys in Alcobaça City, Bahia State, Brazil. METHODS: In total, 176 older adults (≥ 60 years) of both sexes participated in this study. Dynapenia was assessed using the handgrip strength test with cutoff points of < 27 kg for men and < 16 kg for women. MVPA and SB were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: Effects on reallocation were found for the shortest times, such as 10 minutes (odds ratio (OR) 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–0.99); substituting MVPA with SB increased the chances of dynapenia by 58.0% (95% CI: 1.01–2.49). Analyzing the substitution of 60 minutes/day of SB with 60 minutes/day of MVPA revealed a protective effect, with a lower OR for dynapenia of 37.0% (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40–0.99). The reallocation of sleep time did not significantly reduce dynapenia. CONCLUSIONS: Substituting the time spent sitting with the same amount of time spent on MVPA can reduce dynapenia, and a longer reallocation time confers greater health benefits in older adults.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Postpoliomyelitis syndrome is a clinical condition that can affect poliomyelitis survivors. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate knowledge of poliomyelitis and postpoliomyelitis syndrome among Brazilian healthcare professionals. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted at a Brazilian public higher education institution located in the state of Goiás. METHODS: The participants (n = 578) were Brazilian physicians, physical therapists, nurses, nutritionists and psychologists. A self-administered questionnaire (30 questions) was designed to probe knowledge about poliomyelitis and postpoliomyelitis syndrome. From the questionnaire, we created a structured test to objectively evaluate the knowledge of these professionals. The test was composed of 20 questions and was scored over a range from 0 (totally ill-informed) to 20 (totally well-informed). RESULTS: In general, the physicians, physical therapists and nurses demonstrated better understanding of poliomyelitis and postpoliomyelitis syndrome. The healthcare professionals who had received previous information about poliomyelitis and postpoliomyelitis syndrome had significantly higher scores than those who had never received information (P < 0.001). On average, this difference was approximately 28.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from the present study indicate that there is a critical need for improvement of knowledge about postpoliomyelitis syndrome among Brazilian healthcare professionals. The services provided by these professionals may therefore become compromised. Furthermore, public healthcare initiatives should be implemented to improve knowledge among healthcare professionals.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), in isolation and combination, on all-cause mortality in older adults. METHODS Prospective, population-based cohort study. The data were collected from first wave in 2015 and the follow-up continued until 2020. The sample consisted of 332 older adult people aged ≥ 60 years-old, out of which 59 died. The level of PA and SB was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The older adults were divided into PA categorized as sufficiently active and insufficiently active and into high and low SB. We built four combinations of PA and SB. Also, we used the Cox proportional hazards regression with a 95% confidence interval with hazard ratio estimate so as to verify the mortality risks between PA, SB, and the combinations of PA and SB. RESULTS Insufficiently active individuals had higher risks of mortality compared to sufficiently active people. We observed no associations between SB and mortality separately; however, when evaluated in a combined way, insufficiently active individuals and with a high SB time had a higher chance of mortality compared to active individuals with a low SB time. CONCLUSION Our isolated analyses demonstrate that complying with PA recommendations reduces the risk of mortality; however, no association was found between the time of PA exposure with the time of SB. When analysing the combination, being physically inactive and with a long time of SB showed higher mortality rates, with SB being an enhancer of this risk. The results of this study show the interdependence of SB for PA performed at moderate to vigorous intensity. The understanding of this interrelation must be considered in the formulation of public health guidelines.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), in isolation and combination, on all-cause mortality in older adults. METHODS Prospective, population-based cohort study. The data were collected from first wave in 2015 and the follow-up continued until 2020. The sample consisted of 332 older adult people aged ≥ 60 years-old, out of which 59 died. The level of PA and SB was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The older adults were divided into PA categorized as sufficiently active and insufficiently active and into high and low SB. We built four combinations of PA and SB. Also, we used the Cox proportional hazards regression with a 95% confidence interval with hazard ratio estimate so as to verify the mortality risks between PA, SB, and the combinations of PA and SB. RESULTS Insufficiently active individuals had higher risks of mortality compared to sufficiently active people. We observed no associations between SB and mortality separately; however, when evaluated in a combined way, insufficiently active individuals and with a high SB time had a higher chance of mortality compared to active individuals with a low SB time. CONCLUSION Our isolated analyses demonstrate that complying with PA recommendations reduces the risk of mortality; however, no association was found between the time of PA exposure with the time of SB. When analysing the combination, being physically inactive and with a long time of SB showed higher mortality rates, with SB being an enhancer of this risk. The results of this study show the interdependence of SB for PA performed at moderate to vigorous intensity. The understanding of this interrelation must be considered in the formulation of public health guidelines.

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a produção de artigos sobre comportamentos sedentários em idosos. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática a partir da base de dados Pubmed. Os descritores utilizados foram “sedentary behavior” e “sitting time” combinados com elderly, older e aging. Foram incluídos artigos originais completos disponíveis até dezembro de 2013, que apresentassem medida do comportamento sedentário. Considerou-se o tipo de inquérito e delineamento, local da coleta dos dados, instrumentos, definição operacional e ponto de corte para comportamento sedentário. Foram encontrados 559 artigos, e desses 130 foram excluídos por duplicação, resultando em 429, desses 39 atenderam os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Os artigos foram publicados entre 2003 a 2013. Acelerômetro e questionário foram os instrumentos mais pronunciados para medida do comportamento sedentário nos artigos analisados. Foram identificadas lacunas na produção científica em relação aos pontos de corte para definir a quantidade de tempo sentado que representa risco à saúde das pessoas idosas, definição operacional universal, bem como falta de padronização dos instrumentos. Sugerem-se mais estudos relacionados com essa temática a fim de reduzir as lacunas existentes.

The aim of this study was to analyze the production of articles on sedentary behaviors in the elderly. This is a systematic review from the Pubmed database. The descriptors used were “sedentary behavior” and “sitting time” combined with elderly, older and aging. We included original articles available until December 2013, to submit measure of sedentary behavior. We considered the type of survey and design, instruments, operational definition and cutoff for sedentary behavior. The initial electronic searches resulted in 559 manuscripts, and of these 130 were excluded for duplication, resulting in 429 manuscripts. The process of analysis of the studies involved reading titles, abstracts and full texts. After all these phases, 39 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria of the review. The articles were published between 2003 and 2013. Accelerometer and questionnaire were instruments more pronounced for the measurement of sedentary behavior in the analyzed articles. We identified gaps in scientific production in relation to the cutoff points to define the amount of time sitting that poses a risk to the health of the elderly, operational definition universal, as well as lack of standardization of instruments. We suggest further studies related to this theme in order to reduce the gaps.

O presente estudo de revisão narrativa teve como objetivos: a) rever os termos operacionais utilizados para a caracterização do comportamento sedentário; b) descrever as implicações para a saúde; e c) os principais métodos de avaliação do comportamento sedentário. Comportamento sedentário é o termo direcionado para as atividades que são realizadas na posição deitada ou sentada e que não aumentam o dispêndio energético acima dos níveis de repouso, <= 1.5 equivalentes metabólicos (METs). Ao analisar as implicações fisiológicas destes comportamentos para a saúde das pessoas é possível destacar a redução e/ou a cessação da contratilidade muscular como desencadeador do processo de diminuição da utilização da glicose pelos músculos, do aumento da insulina e do favorecimento da produção de lipídios que serão preferencialmente armazenados no tecido adiposo da região central do corpo, o qual por sua vez produz moléculas inflamatórias precursoras das doenças crónicas não transmissíveis. A inatividade física e a exposição prolongada a comportamentos sedentários devem ser avaliadas distintamente, respeitando as bases teóricas de cada constructo. O efeito prolongado da exposição aos comportamentos sedentários e da inatividade física ao longo do curso da vida favorece a potencialização dos efeitos nocivos de tais comportamentos na velhice e a mortalidade precoce.

This present study aimed to: a) review the operational terms of sedentary behaviour characterization, b) describe the health implications, and c) sedentary behaviour main evaluation methods. Sedentary behaviour is the word targeting activities that are performed in lying or sitting position and that do not increase energy expenditure above resting levels, <= 1.5 metabolic equivalent units (METs). Through the analysis of the physiological implications of such behaviour to people's health it is possible to highlight the reduction and / or cessation of muscle contractility as a beginner of the reducing process of the use of glucose by muscles, increasing insulin and facilitating the production of lipids that are preferentially stored in the central body adipose tissue, which in turn produces inflammatory molecules which are the precursors of non-transmissible chronic diseases. Physical inactivity and prolonged exposure to sedentary behaviours should be evaluated distinctly, considering the theoretical bases of each construct. The prolonged effect of sedentary behaviours and physical inactivity throughout lifespan enables the possibility of the harmful effects of such behaviours in old age and premature mortality.