RESUMO Analisou-se a influência da estação, do ambiente e do sexo, assim como a relação da massa corporal (BM) nos níveis sorológicos de albumina (ALB), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatinina (C), creatina quinase (CK), fósforo (P), cálcio total (tCa), sólidos totais (TS), ureia (U), ácido úrico (UA), relação cálcio:fósforo (Ca:P), e do valor da globulina (GV) de Phrynops geoffroanus da área urbana de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A modelagem dos parâmetros bioquímicos foi realizada utilizando-se os modelos aditivos generalizados para locação, escala e forma (GAMLSS) para verificar a influência das variáveis consideradas neste estudo em cada um dos parâmetros bioquímicos analisados. A estação sazonal influenciou os níveis de AST, CK, C, tCa, Ca:P e UA. O ambiente foi capaz de influenciar tCa, Ca:P, U e UA. Por outro lado, CK, tCa, P, Ca:P e U diferiram significativamente entre machos e fêmeas. Em relação à BM, observou-se relação dessa variável com CK, C, tCa, P, U, UA e Ca:P. Concluiu-se que a estação sazonal, o ambiente, o sexo e a massa corporal são capazes de influenciar os parâmetros bioquímicos de P. geoffroanus e que esses fatores devem ser rotineiramente considerados na interpretação dos resultados laboratoriais.

ABSTRACT We analyzed the influence of the season, the environment, and the sex, as well as the relation of body mass (BM) in the serum albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (C), creatine kinase (CK), phosphorus (P), total calcium (tCa), total protein (TP), urea (U), uric acid (UA), calcium:phosphorus ratio (Ca:P), and the globulin value (GV) of thirty individuals of Phrynops geoffroanus of the urban area of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The modeling of biochemical parameters was performed using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to verify the influence of variables considered in this study on each of the biochemical parameters analyzed. The season influenced AST, CK, C, tCa, Ca:P and UA. The environment influenced tCa, Ca:P, U and UA. On the other hand, CK, tCa, P, Ca:P and U differed significantly between males and females. Regarding the BM, a relationship of this variable was observed with CK, C, tCa, P, U, UA and Ca:P. We concluded that the season, environment, sex, and body mass can influence the biochemical parameters of P. geoffroanus, and these factors should be routinely considered in the interpretation of laboratory results.

RESUMO Este estudo verificou a biocompatibilidade in vivo de cartilagem elástica bovina descelularizada com solução alcalina em relação à cartilagem não descelularizada implantada em ratos. Cinquenta ratos Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos; o grupo experimental (GE) recebeu implantes subcutâneos de cartilagem tratada em solução alcalina, e o grupo controle (GC) recebeu implantes subcutâneos de cartilagem não tratada. Em ambos os grupos, os implantes foram retirados nos dias três, sete, 14, 21 e 42, com a preparação de lâminas histológicas coradas com hematoxilina e eosina para a quantificação de células inflamatórias, de fibroblastos, de angiogênese e para a degradação da cartilagem. Os resultados mostraram que o GE apresentou infiltrado inflamatório menos intenso e melhor organização das fibras de colágeno em relação ao GC. Concluiu-se que o tratamento alcalino proporcionou melhor biocompatibilidade para a cartilagem elástica quando implantado por via subcutânea em ratos.

ABSTRACT This study verified the in vivo biocompatibility of bovine elastic cartilage decellularized with alkaline solution in relation to the non-decellularized cartilage implanted in rats. Fifty Wistar rats were divided into two groups, with the experimental group (EG) receiving subcutaneous implants of cartilage treated in alkaline solution and the control group (CG) receiving subcutaneous implants of untreated cartilage. In both groups, the implants were removed on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 42 with the preparation of histological slides stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for the quantification of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, angiogenesis, and cartilage degradation. The results showed that EG presented a less intense inflammatory infiltrate and better organization of collagen fibers compared to CG. It was concluded that the alkaline treatment provided better biocompatibility for elastic cartilage when implanted subcutaneously in rats.

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the isoflavones accumulation in soybean pods and grains during the filling period in field conditions. Pods of the same phenological stage (marked in R5, i.e. beginning of grain filling period) were collected at R5, R6 (full grain), and R7 (beginning of physiological maturity) stages. At each analyzed stage, grains always exceed pods isoflavone concentrations. A decreasing tendency of isoflavone concentration was observed in pods towards the late grain filling. In this maternal tissue, no acetyl glucosides at any stage or aglycones at physiological maturity were detected. In grains, glucosides, malonyl glucosides, and total isoflavones increased and acetyl glucosides decreased from R5 to R7, whereas aglycones increased to R6, but then decreased. It is concluded that grains are the main accumulation tissue of these bioactive compounds, whereas pods seem to contribute to their accumulation in advanced stages of grain development.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la acumulación de isoflavonoides en vainas y granos de soja durante el período de llenado en condiciones de campo. Vainas de la misma fenología (marcadas en R5, es decir, inicio del llenado de granos) fueron colectadas en los estadíos R5, R6 (máximo tamaño de grano) y R7 (inicio de madurez fisiológica). En cada estadio analizado, los granos siempre superaron la concentración de isoflavonoides de las vainas. Se observó una tendencia decreciente de la concentración de isoflavonoides en las vainas hacia el llenado tardío de granos. En este tejido materno no se detectaron acetil glucósidos en ningún estadio ni agliconas a madurez fisiológica. En los granos los glucósidos, los malonil glucósidos y los isoflavonoides totales aumentaron y los acetil glucósidos disminuyeron de R5 a R7, mientras que las agliconas aumentaron a R6, pero luego disminuyeron. Se concluyó que los granos son el principal tejido de acumulación de estos compuestos bioactivos, mientras que las vainas parecen contribuir a su síntesis más tarde en el desarrollo de los granos.

RESUMO: A adição de adjuvantes às caldas herbicidas visa preservar ou aumentar o efeito biológico do tratamento, porém é comumente realizada sem conhecimento das interações físico-químicas entre os produtos. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos sobre a tensão superficial e o ângulo de contato decorrentes de diferentes sequências de adição do herbicida aminopiralide + fluroxipir e adjuvantes no preparo de caldas fitossanitárias. Foram realizados dois experimentos, com a dosagem de 1 e 2 L ha-1 do herbicida, associados aos adjuvantes óleo mineral (OM), copolímero de poliéter e silicone (SIL), mistura de fosfatidicolina e ácido propiônico (LEC), todos na proporção de 0,3% v v-1. A taxa de aplicação considerada foi de 150 L ha-1. Mediu-se a tensão superficial pelo método da gota pendente. O ângulo de contato foi medido nas superfícies adaxial e abaxial de folhas da planta daninha de pastagens Senna obtusifolia e em parafilme. Verificou-se que a ordem de preparo não alterou o ângulo de contato em nenhuma das superfícies analisadas na dosagem de 1 L ha-1 do herbicida. Para a dosagem de 2 L ha-1, os adjuvantes SIL e LEC apresentaram maior espalhamento quando adicionados previamente ao herbicida. O OM resultou em maior espalhamento quando adicionado após o herbicida, com maior cobertura da superfície. Portanto, a sequência de preparo das caldas fitossanitárias influencia no espalhamento destas sobre os alvos.

ABSTRACT: The addition of adjuvants to herbicide solutions is aimed at preserving or enhancing the biological effect of treatment. However, it is commonly performed without knowledge of the physicochemical interactions between products. This study aimed to assess the effects of different addition sequences of the herbicide aminopyralid + fluroxypyr and adjuvants in the preparation of phytosanitary spray solutions on the surface tension and contact angle. Two experiments were carried out with herbicide doses of 1 and 2 L ha-1 associated with the adjuvants mineral oil (MO), silicone-polyether copolymer (SIL), and a mixture of phosphatidylcholine (lectin) and propionic acid (LEC), all at a proportion of 0.3% v v-1. The application rate was 150 L ha-1. Surface tension was measured by the pendant droplet method. Contact angle was measured on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves of the pasture weed Senna obtusifolia and parafilm. Preparation sequence did not change the contact angle on any of the analyzed surfaces at a dose of 1 L ha-1 of herbicide. For the dose of 2 L ha-1, the adjuvants SIL and LEC showed a higher spreading when previously added to the herbicide. MO resulted in a higher spreading when added after the herbicide, with higher surface coverage. Therefore, the preparation sequence influences the dispersion of phytosanitary spray solutions on targets.

Carotid artery assessment by ultrasound is a non-invasive evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular events. However, ultrasound examinations are operator-dependent. In the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), ultrasound images have been acquired from more than 10,000 participants. In this article, we describe the reproducibility of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), carotid plaque detection, and carotid plaque score (defined as the number of arterial sites with plaques) using ELSA-Brasil protocol, in a subset of 118 participants. Two board-certified radiologists and a trained technician read carotid images. We calculated intra- and inter-observer intraclass correlation (ICC) for CIMT values. We also present kappa coefficients for plaque detection and weighted kappa coefficients for carotid plaque score. Participants were aged 58.2±6.6 years, and 60 (50.8%) were men. For common carotid artery CIMT measurements, intra- and inter-observer ICC values were very good to excellent, ranging from 0.90 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.72–0.95) to 0.98 (95%CI: 0.97–0.99). For carotid plaque, intra- (0.96 [95%CI: 0.96–0.96]) and inter- (0.99 [95%CI: 0.99–0.99]) observer weighted kappa coefficients were very good. Intra- and inter-observer Kappa coefficients for the presence of plaques by site were good to very good, ranging from 0.69 to 1.00. In conclusion, we found very good reproducibility for carotid plaque score and CIMT measurements in the ELSA-Brasil at baseline. These results are comparable to the best findings from similar large cohorts that analyzed carotid ultrasound data.

RESUMO: Após anos de aplicação, muitas vezes de forma indiscriminada, de agrotóxicos, danos foram causados ao ambiente, bem como às culturas agronômicas cultivadas em locais contaminados. No tratamento de água são utilizadas técnicas que se baseiam em processos físicos e ou físico-químicos, onde ocorre a formação de agentes oxidantes secundários responsáveis pela mineralização dos contaminantes presentes nos herbicidas, havendo assim o processo de degradação. No entanto, ainda existem poucos trabalhos que demonstram a eficácia dessas técnicas em solos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se fazer uma revisão sobre os trabalhos já existentes, apresentando as principais técnicas utilizadas para a remediação de solos contaminados com agrotóxicos. A ênfase foi dada para a eletrocinética, processos oxidativos avançados, lavagem de solo, extração química ou por solventes e para as combinações desses métodos. Verificou-se, pelos resultados apresentados nos diversos estudos, que a combinação de técnicas permite alcançar grande eficiência, como é o caso de processos eletrocinéticos e de lavagem de solo, quando aplicadas para a degradação de contaminantes agrícolas. As combinações da eletrólise com outros métodos, como reagente de Fenton, irradiação de ultrassom e luz UV, também apresentam resultados satisfatórios na remoção de agrotóxicos no tratamento do solo. Contudo, a tecnologia de Fenton utilizada isoladamente apresenta-se como a mais promissora das técnicas avaliadas, uma vez que pode ser usada para a remediação de diversos contaminantes, em especial os agrotóxicos, não agredindo o ambiente e permitindo também a recuperação do solo.

ABSTRACT: After years of pesticide application, often indiscriminately, damage has been caused to the environment, as well as to agronomic crops grown in contaminated areas. In water treatment, techniques based on physical and/or physicochemical processes are used, being formed secondary oxidizing agents responsible for the mineralization of contaminants present in the herbicides, thus causing the degradation process. However, few studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these techniques in soils. The aim of this study was to review the existing studies, presenting the main techniques used for remediation of soils contaminated with pesticides. Emphasis was placed on electrokinetics, advanced oxidative processes, soil washing, chemical or solvent extraction, and combinations of these methods. According to the results of several studies, the combination of techniques, such as electrokinetics and soil washing processes, allows achieving a high efficiency when it is applied for the degradation of agricultural contaminants. The combination of electrolysis with other methods, such as the Fenton’s reagent, ultrasound irradiation, and UV light, also present satisfactory results in removing pesticides in soil treatment. However, Fenton technology used alone is the most promising of the assessed techniques since it can be used for the remediation of several contaminants, especially pesticides, not harming the environment and allowing soil recovery.

Bacterial infections occur worldwide and are a major public health problem. Among pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus is the main causative agent of bacterial diseases in the world. This study aimed to evaluate which components of the immune system could act protectively against a S. aureus infection in intradermally immunized mice. C57BL/6 and A/j mice were immunized intradermally with S. aureus inactivated by heat and then challenged with viable strains in an air pouch model. At 6, 12, and 24 h after the challenge, euthanasia was performed, and the cellular profile of the inflammatory infiltrate, cytokines, and the bacterial load were evaluated in the air pouch lavages. Immunized mice demonstrated that the intradermal immunization with S. aureus promoted protection in C57BL/6 mice by reducing the bacterial, which was correlated with increased serum concentration of IgG antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a) against S. aureus. The increase in IgG2a antibody levels was correlated with a decrease of bacterial load in intradermally immunized C57BL/6 mice, along with production of IL-17A at the inflammation site, as well as IgG1consumption. Similar results were not found in the A/j lineage. In conclusion, a vaccine against S. aureus should focus more on the individual characteristics of the host because it is a determinant factor for the success of the immunization.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main cause of disability worldwide, due to progressive articular cartilage loss and degeneration. According to recent research, OA is more than just a degenerative disease due to some metabolic components associated to its pathogenesis. However, no biomarker has been identified to detect this disease at early stages or to track its development. Metabolomics is an emerging field and has the potential to detect many metabolites in a single spectrum using high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques or mass spectrometry (MS). NMR is a reproducible and reliable non-destructive analytical method. On the other hand, MS has a lower detection limit and is more destructive, but it is more sensitive. NMR and MS are useful for biological fluids, such as urine, blood plasma, serum, or synovial fluid, and have been used for metabolic profiling in dogs, mice, sheep, and humans. Thus, many metabolites have been listed as possibly associated to OA pathogenesis. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the studies in animal models and humans, regarding the use of metabolomics as a tool for early osteoarthritis diagnosis. The concept of osteoarthritis as a metabolic disease and the importance of detecting a biomarker for its early diagnosis are highlighted. Then, some studies in plasma and synovial tissues are shown, and finally the application of metabolomics in the evaluation of synovial fluid is described.

Pharmacological treatment of inflammatory pain is usually done by administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs present high efficacy, although side effects are common, especially gastrointestinal lesions. One of the pharmacological strategies to minimize such effects is the combination of drugs and natural products with synergistic analgesic effect. The monoterpene terpinolene (TPL) is a chemical constituent of essential oils present in many plant species, which have pharmacological activities, such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The association of ineffective doses of TPL and diclofenac (DCF) (3.125 and 1.25 mg/kg po, respectively) presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in the acute (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h, after treatment) and chronic (10 days) inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) in the right hind paw of female Wistar rats (170-230 g, n=6-8). The mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed by the Randall Selitto paw pressure test, which determines the paw withdrawal thresholds. The development of edema was quantified by measuring the volume of the hind paw by plethismography. The TPL/DCF association reduced neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in the histological analysis of the paw, following a standard staining protocol with hematoxylin and eosin and the counts were performed with the aid of optical microscopy after chronic oral administration of these drugs. Moreover, the TPL/DCF association did not induce macroscopic gastric lesions. A possible mechanism of action of the analgesic effect is the involvement of 5-HT2A serotonin receptors, because ketanserin completely reversed the antinociceptive effect of the TPL/DCF association. These results suggest that the TPL/DCF association had a synergistic anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect without causing apparent gastric injury, and that the serotonergic system may be involved in the antinociceptive effect of this association.

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate in the casuistry on class and systems frequently diagnosed in wild animals that were sent to the FMVZ-UNESP-Botucatu diagnostic imaging service. The class of birds was the most referred to the centers, followed by the mammals and reptiles. The majority of the requested tests were the radiographs and in a minor scale the tomography and ultrasound. Although the birds were the greatest number of animals sent to the service, mammals were the most radiographed for wound control. The most frequently observed system was the musculoskeletal caused by trauma, especially in birds. The radiograph was the most exam initially indicated, then the animal could be forwarded to other imaging modalities, which in wild animals medicine is still limited to research.

Objetivou-se investigar se a temperatura de polimerização da resina acrílica odontológica ocasiona sinais neurológicos e alteração histológica na medula espinhal de ratos. Foram utilizados 48 ratos, Wistar, distribuídos em dois grupos denominados GI ou cimento ósseo (controle positivo) e GII ou resina acrílica odontológica. Cada grupo foi redistribuído em seis subgrupos, de acordo com a quantidade do composto, o tempo de pós-operatório e o local de aferição da temperatura. O cimento ósseo ou a resina acrílica odontológica foram moldados e colocados sobre as lâminas ósseas dorsais e os processos espinhosos das vértebras L1 e L2. A temperatura de polimerização do composto foi aferida a cada 10 segundos. A temperatura máxima de polimerização e a diferença entre a temperatura externa e a interna ao canal vertebral foram maiores nos subgrupos que receberam 10 gramas. Não foi observada alteração neurológica em nenhum dos animais deste estudo. Na análise histológica, foi observada reação inflamatória de intensidade variável na meninge e no parênquima medular. Pode-se concluir que a temperatura de polimerização da resina acrílica odontológica nas quantidades de um e 10 gramas provoca alterações histológicas na meninge e no parênquima medular, sem ocasionar sinais neurológicos em ratos.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the polymerization temperature of the dental acrylic leads to neurological signs and histological changes in the rat spinal cord. Forty eight rats were distributed in two groups: GI or bone cement (positive control) and GII or dental acrylic resin. Each group was redistributed in six subgroups according to compound quantity, postoperative period and location of temperature measurement. The bone cement or dental acrylic resin were molded and positioned on the bony lamina and the dorsal spinous processes of vertebrae L1 and L2. The polimerization temperature was measured every 10 seconds. The polymerization maximum temperature and the temperature difference between internal and external spinal canals were superior in subgroups that received 10 grams. There were no neurological deficits in any animal of this study. The histological analysis showed intensity variation of inflammatory reaction in the meninges and spinal cord parenchyma. The results demonstrate that the polymerization temperature of dental acrylic resin in quantity of 1 or 10 grams causes histological changes in the spinal cord parenchyma and meninges, without neurological deficits in rats.

The Municipality of São Gonçalo in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil is considered an endemic area for leprosy according to the Ministry of Health. From this observation, we sought to identify with this work which actions are performed by nurses from Family Health Program (PSF) to detect leprosy and what care they provide to people affected by the disease, with the focus on humanization. Thus, we performed descriptive, qualitative and field units in the health of the family of that city, with thirty-one nurses through interviews with open questions. Two categories emerged: the detection actions made by the nurse, the care given to people affected and the humanization of care needed. It was concluded that the actions taken by the nurses do not follow a single standard and that some lack the necessary training to function with users of PSF affected by leprosy.

O Município de São Gonçalo na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro-Brasil é considerado zona endêmica para a Hanseníase segundo dados do Ministério da Saúde. A partir dessa constatação, buscou-se com o presente trabalho identificar quais as ações realizadas pelo enfermeiro do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) para detectar a hanseníase e qual o cuidado por ele oferecido às pessoas atingidas pela doença, tendo como foco a humanização. Assim, foi realizada pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa e de campo nas unidades de saúde da família do referido município, com trinta e um enfermeiros através de entrevista com perguntas abertas. Emergindo duas categorias: as ações do enfermeiro do PSF na detecção; os cuidados ministrados às pessoas atingidas e a necessária humanização desses cuidados. Concluiu-se, que as ações realizadas pelos enfermeiros não obedecem a um padrão único e que alguns não possuem a necessária capacitação para atuar com os usuários do PSF atingidos pela hanseníase.

El municipio de São Gonçalo, en la Región Metropolitana de Río de Janeiro-Brasil es considerado una zona endémica de la lepra de acuerdo con el Ministerio de Salud. De esta observación, hemos tratado de identificar con este trabajo cuáles son las acciones realizadas por las enfermeras en El Programa de Salud Familiar (PSF) para detectar la lepra y qué tipo de atención prestan a las personas afectadas por la enfermedad, centrándose en la humanización. Así, se realizó investigación descriptiva, cualitativa y de campo en las unidades de salud de la familia de esa ciudad, con treinta y un enfermeros a través de entrevistas con preguntas abiertas. Emergiendo dos categorías: las acciones de detección de la enfermera del PSF, la atención prestada a las personas afectadas y la necesaria humanización de esos cuidados. Se concluyó que las medidas adoptadas por las enfermeras no siguen un estándar único y que algunas no tienen la capacitación necesaria para desenvolverse con los usuarios del PSF afectadas por la lepra.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da administração subaracnóidea de iohexol sobre a hemodinâmica intracraniana em cães anestesiados com propofol ou sevofluorano. Trinta e dois animais (10,9±2,9kg) foram distribuídos em dois grupos: no GP, o propofol foi usado para indução, 10±0.5mg/kg, seguido por infusão contínua, 0,55±0,15mg/kg/min; no GS, o sevofluorano foi administrado para indução, 2,5 CAM, e manutenção, 1,5 CAM, da anestesia. O cateter de fibra óptica foi implantado na superfície direita do córtex cerebral para monitorar a pressão intracraniana (PIC). Após 30 minutos, o fluido cerebroespinhal (FCS) foi coletado da cisterna magna e o iohexol injetado. As mensurações ocorreram antes da coleta do FCS (TA), depois da injeção de iohexol (T0) e em intervalos de 10 minutos (T10 a T60). A pressão intracraniana diminuiu em T0 no GS. A pressão de perfusão cerebral em T0 foi maior que em TA, T50 e T60 no GP, mas no GS, a média em T0 foi maior que as de T20 a T60. A pressão arterial média em T0 foi maior que em TA no GP, enquanto no GS, de T20 a T60, as médias foram menores que em T0. A frequência cardíaca em T60 foi menor que em T0 no GP. O débito cardíaco em TA foi menor que em T60 no GS. A coleta do fluido cerebroespinhal e a administração do iohexol promoveram a diminuição da pressão intracranina em cães anestesiados com sevofluorano e aumento da pressão de perfusão cerebral em cães anestesiados com propofol.

The effects of subarachnoid administration of iohexol on intracranial hemodynamic in dogs anesthetized with propofol or sevoflurane were evaluated. Thirty adult animals (10.9±2.9kg) were distributed into two groups: PG, where propofol was used for induction (10±0.5mg/kg), followed by a continuous rate infusion at 0.55±0.15mg/kg/hour, and SG, where sevoflurane was administered for induction (2.5 MAC) and for anesthetic maintenance (1.5 MAC). A fiberoptic catheter was implanted on the right superficial cerebral cortex to monitor intracranial pressure (ICP). After 30 minutes, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected at the cisterna magna and iohexol was injected. The measurements were performed before CSF collection (TA), after the iohexol injection (T0), and at 10-minute intervals (T10 to T60). Intracranial pressure decreased at T0 in SG. Cerebral perfusion pressure at T0 was higher than at TA, T50 and T60 in PG, but in SG, the mean value at T0 was higher than the ones from T20 to T60. Mean arterial pressure at T0 was higher than at TA in PG, while in SG, the values from T20 to T60 were lower than at T0. The heart rate at T60 was lower than at T0 in PG. Cardiac output at TA was lower than at T60 in SG. The cerebrospinal fluid collection and administration of iohexol promoted decrease in intracranial pressure in sevolflurane-anesthetized dogs and increase in cerebral perfusion pressure in propofol-anesthetized dogs.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito fungitóxico do óleo essencial de capim-citronela e do seu constituinte majoritário citronelal sobre a inibição micelial do fitopatógeno Fusarium subglutinans, agente causal da fusariose da cultura do abacaxi (Ananas comosus). Para avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial no crescimento micelial do fungo, foram utilizadas seis alíquotas (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 ìL) do óleo e do citronelal que foram distribuídas na superfície do meio BDA (batata-dextrose-ágar) antes da repicagem do fungo. O crescimento micelial foi medido após 48 h de instalação do experimento e em cinco épocas de avaliação (2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias após repicagem). Os resultados indicaram que o óleo essencial do capim-citronela demonstrou maior efeito inibitório do crescimento micelial do fungo F. subglutinans do que o composto citronelal. Em todas as alíquotas utilizadas o óleo essencial proporcionou menor taxa de crescimento micelial do que o citronelal.

This study aimed to evaluate the fungitoxic effect of the essential oil of citronella grass and its major constituent citronellal on the inhibition of mycelial pathogen Fusarium subglutinans, the causal agent of Fusarium culture of pineapple (Ananas comosus). To evaluate the effect of essential oil in the mycelial growth of the fungus were used six rates (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mL) of oil that were distributed on the surface of PDA medium (potato dextrose agar) before subculturing of the fungus. Mycelial growth was measured after 48 h of the experiment and five times of assessment (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after subculturing). The results indicated that the essential oil of citronella grass showed higher inhibitory effect of mycelial growth of the fungus F. subglutinans than compound citronellal. In all rates used of the essential oil gave lower growth rate than the mycelial citronellal.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da infusão contínua de propofol ou de etomidato sobre as variáveis intracranianas em cães nomocapneicos. Foram utilizados 20 cães adultos distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo propofol (GP) e grupo etomidato (GE). Para o GP, os animais foram induzidos à anestesia com propofol (10mg/kg) e, ato contínuo, iniciaram-se a infusão do fármaco (0,6mg/kg/min) e a ventilação controlada. No GE, o etomidato foi usado para indução (5mg/kg) e manutenção empregando-se a dose de 0,5mg/kg/min nos 10 minutos iniciais e, em seguida, de 0,2mg/kg/min. Após 30 minutos da implantação do cateter de fibra óptica do monitor de pressão intracraniana (PIC) na superfície do córtex cerebral direito, realizaram-se as primeiras mensurações (M1) da PIC, da pressão de perfusão cerebral (PPC), da temperatura intracraniana (TIC), de temperatura corpórea (TC), da pressão arterial média (PAM) e da frequência cardíaca (FC). As demais mensurações ocorreram em intervalos de 20 minutos (M2, M3 e M4). O propofol e o etomidato não ocasionaram alterações significativas nas variáveis estudadas com exceção da TC e TIC. Concluiu-se que a infusão contínua desses fármacos em cães mantém a perfusão cerebral e a autorregulação cerebral. Cães anestesiados com etomidato apresentam efeitos adversos intensos e redução gradativa da temperatura corpórea e intracraniana.

The effects of total intravenous infusion of propofol or etomidate on intracranial variables in normocapneic dogs were evaluated. Twenty adult mongrel dogs were randomly allotted to: propofol group (GP) or etomidate group (GE). In GP animals, the propofol was used for induction (10mg/kg), followed by immediate continuous infusion of the drug (0.6mg/kg/min) and controlled ventilation. In GE dogs, the etomidate was used for induction (5mg/kg), followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI) at 0.5mg/kg/min during the first ten minutes and, right after, it was changed to 0.2mg/kg/min. The initial measurement (M1) was recorded 30 minutes after the implant of the fiber optic catheter and, after that, every 20 minutes (M2, M3, and M4). The studied parameters were intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), intracranial temperature (ICT), body temperature (BT), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR). The propofol and etomidate did not change the studied variables, except the ICT and BT. It was concluded that the continuous infusion of these drugs maintains the cerebral perfusion and autoregulation. Dogs anesthetized with etomidate have adverse effects and body and intracranial temperature decrease.