ABSTRACT Introduction Mutations affecting genes involved in oxidative and signaling pathways may be associated with kidney disease in sickle cell anemia. We determined the allele and genotype frequencies of some polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the Heme Oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) [rs2071746 (A > T) and (GT)n repeats, short (S) and long (L) alleles] and Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor type-1B (BMPR1B) [rs17022863 (A > G), rs4331783 (A > G) and rs1470409 (A > G)] genes in 75 adult patients with sickle cell anemia and 160 healthy controls and investigated whether these polymorphisms may influence the estimated glomerular filtration rate for the patients. Methods The single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped using the TaqMan assays, the HMOX1(GT)n repeats were determined by polymerase chain reaction fragment size analysis and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Results Regarding the HMOX1rs2071746, the estimated glomerular filtration rate median was significantly higher in TT patients (p = 0.019), including when TT was compared with AT + AA (p = 0.009); for the (GT)n repeats, the estimated glomerular filtration rate medians of SS, SL and LL significantly differed (p = 0.009), being the LL estimated glomerular filtration rate median significantly higher, when compared with the LS + SS (p = 0.005). These results suggest that both the homozygotes, TT for rs2071746 and LL for (GT)n repeats, lead to a higher risk of developing renal complications. Concerning the BMPR1B, the frequencies of GG for rs17022863 and AA for rs4331783 were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p = 0.002 and p = 0.008, respectively), however no association with estimated glomerular filtration rate was found. Conclusion These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic factors related to the development of nephropathy in sickle cell anemia patients.

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) presents a serious threat to global health. A historical timeline of early molecular diagnostics from government alert (January 22) (D) was presented. After in silico analysis, Brazilian Army Institute of Biology (IBEx-RJ) tested samples in house using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (fast mode) based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations. First cases from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, IBEx, and diagnosis team were reported in D36, D44, D66, and D74 respectively. Therefore, after 1300 tests, we recommend N1/N2 primer sets (CDC) for preliminary and Charité protocol confirmation in case of positive results. Moreover, every professional should be tested before starting work, in addition to weekly tests for everyone involved.

RESUMO As expressões não manuais (ENMs) nas línguas de sinais (LS) incluem movimentos do corpo e expressões faciais. As ENMs podem desempenhar diferentes funções, tais como diferenciar itens lexicais, participar da construção sintática e contribuir com processos de intensificação. Dessa forma, as expressões faciais participam da construção do significado nas LS tanto quanto os parâmetros até então mais estudados, a saber: configuração, movimentos e localização das mãos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as ENMs produzidas por uma pessoa surda, fluente em libras, a partir de enunciados divididos nas modalidades assertiva e interrogativas parcial e total. Para a análise, foi construído um corpus de 60 enunciados constituídos da seguinte forma: 10 sinais-chave × 3 modalidades × 2 condições (neutra e intensificada). Esses enunciados foram devidamente anotados considerando as expressões não manuais e analisados estatisticamente. Neste trabalho, é avaliada a duração de sinais a fim de identificar o papel da intensificação, e são verificadas quais ENMs estão significativamente presentes nas três modalidades e nas condições neutra e intensificada. Os resultados apresentados, além de contribuírem para a pesquisa nas LS, são relevantes para a modelagem de avatares realistas sinalizadores de libras.

ABSTRACT Non-manual expressions (NMEs) in Sign Languages (SL) include facial expressions and body movements. NMEs may distinguish lexical items, help syntactic construction and contribute to intensification processes. Therefore, NMEs have a role as crucial as the SL manual parameters of configuration, movement and location. This work aims at analyzing NMEs produced by a deaf person, fluent in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), from utterances of the following modalities: declarative, wh- and yes-no questions. A corpus of 60 utterances was built by combining 10 key-signals x 3 modalities x 2 conditions of intensification (neutral and intensified). By analyzing this corpus, both the role of intensification for the duration of key-signals and the presence of specific NMEs for signaling intensification and modality were examined here. The results contribute for research in SL and are relevant for modeling realistic avatars that signal Libras.

BACKGROUND Scedosporium apiospermum is a ubiquitous, emerging and multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen with still rather unknown virulence mechanisms. OBJECTIVES/METHODS The cellular basis of the in vitro interaction between fungi and host cells/tissues is the determinant factor for the development of a successful in vivo infection. Herein, we evaluated the interaction of S. apiospermum conidia with lung epithelial (A549), lung fibroblast (MRC-5) and RAW 264.7 macrophages by light and scanning/transmission electron microscopy. FINDINGS After 4 h of fungi-host cell contact, the percentage of infected mammalian cells and the number of fungi per infected cell was measured by light microscopy, and the following association indexes were calculated for A549, MRC-5 and macrophage cells: 73.2 ± 25.9, 69.7 ± 22.5 and 59.7 ± 11.1, respectively. Both conidia and germinated conidia were regularly observed interacting with the evaluated cells, with a higher prevalence of non-germinated conidia. Interestingly, nests of germinated conidia were evidenced at the surface of lung cells by scanning electron microscopy. Some germination projections and hyphae were seen penetrating/evading the mammalian cells. Furthermore, internalised conidia were seen within vacuoles as visualised by transmission electron microscopy. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The present study contributes to a better understanding of S. apiospermum pathogenesis by demonstrating the first steps of the infection process of this opportunistic fungus.

O presente estudo descreve a reprodução do peixe galo-de-profundidade,Zenopsis conchifer, a partir de dados pretéritos a sua explotação pesqueira no Atlântico Sudoeste, Brasil, iniciada nos anos 2000. As coletas foram realizadas durante cruzeiros de prospecção pesqueira com arrasto-de-fundo em 2001 e 2002, em profundidades entre 100 e 600 m. Um total de 1056 exemplares (comprimento padrão entre 57 mm e 504 mm) foi examinado. A proporção sexual mostrou que machos predominam em comprimentos inferiores a 240 mm, que entre 240 mm e 319 mm a proporção é de 1:1 e que fêmeas predominam a partir de 320 mm. O peixe galo-de-profundidade apresenta desova múltipla, mais intensa entre agosto e novembro, quando predominam fêmeas e machos desovantes ativos e em regressão/regeneração. Neste período foram registrados os maiores valores do índice gonadossomático. Para ambos os sexos a primeira maturação se dá aos 220 mm de comprimento padrão e com 240 mm os indivíduos são considerados adultos. O recrutamento de jovens para o estoque adulto foi mais intenso entre fevereiro e maio. Os valores dos coeficientes b das relações comprimento peso ajustadas para todos os peixes e por sexo ficaram em torno de 2,7. As condições do estoque virgem de Z. conchiferaqui caracterizadas podem servir como um referencial para futuros estudos sobre os efeitos da pesca na reprodução da espécie.

This study describes the reproduction of the silver John dory, Zenopsis conchifer, based on data collected before its fishery exploitation in the southwestern Atlantic, Brazil, in the early 2000s. Biological material was collected through bottom-trawl surveys in 2001 and 2002 from depths of 100 to 600 m. A total of 1,056 individuals ranging from 57 to 504 mm Ls were analyzed. A sex ratio analysis showed that males were predominant among the shorter fishes (< 240 mm Ls) and females among the longer ones (> 320 mm Ls). Between 240 mm and 319 mm Ls sex-ratio was 1:1. The silver John dory is a multiple spawner. Spawning is protracted and more intensive during August and November, when both females and males in spawning capable actively spawning and in regression/regeneration stages were predominant. In this period average values of gonadosomatic index were also higher. For both sexes, the first maturation occurs at 220 mm Ls and at 240 mm Ls all fish can be considered adult. The recruitment apparently takes place from February to May. The length-weight relationships fitted to all specimens and for both sexes yieldedb coefficients of ∼2.7. The virgin stock ofZ. conchifer here characterized, may serve a basis for future studies on the effects of fisheries on the reproduction of the species.