Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ação biomodificadora de soluções de extrato de semente de uva a 6,5%, com diferentes pHs, quando aplicadas no colágeno dentinário. Barras de dentina (1,7 mm x 6 mm x0,5 mm) foram desmineralizadas por 5 horas em ácido fosfórico a 10% e distribuídas nos seguintes grupos: solução ácida (pH=4,42); neutra (pH=6,96); alcalina (pH=11,92) e água destilada (pH=6,75). O teste de flexão de três pontos (n=10) e a variação de massa (n=10) foram avaliados em diferentes períodos (baseline, após biomodificação, 7 e 14 dias de armazenamento em solução remineralizante). Para a análise qualitativa, barras de dentina similares foram preparadas e analisadas, antes e após 1 hora de imersão nas soluções de biomodificação, através dos testes de Espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e espectroscopia Raman (FT-Raman) . Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, seguido por ANOVA para medidas repetidas e pós-teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A solução alcalina foi eficaz em aumentar o módulo de elasticidade, mostrando uma diminuição após 7 dias e subsequente estabilização após 14 dias de armazenamento. O grupo da solução ácida mostrou um aumento maior no módulo de elasticidade imediatamente após a biomodificação, mas não foi estável ao longo do armazenamento. Em relação à variação de massa, apenas a solução ácida mostrou um aumento de massa após a biomodificação e 14 dias de armazenamento. Em relação ao FT-IR e FT-Raman, todas as soluções mostraram interação com o colágeno em algum nível. Portanto, o pH da solução influencia diretamente a ação do extrato de semente de uva, com resultados satisfatórios sendo encontrados tanto em soluções ácidas quanto alcalinas. 65 6,5% pHs dentinário 1,7 17 (1, x05 x0 x0, 10 grupos pH=4,42 pH442 4 42 (pH=4,42) pH=6,96 pH696 96 (pH=6,96) pH=11,92 pH1192 11 92 (pH=11,92 pH=6,75. pH675 pH=6,75 75 (pH=6,75) n=10 n10 n (n=10 baseline, baseline (baseline remineralizante. remineralizante remineralizante) qualitativa analisadas FTIR FT IR (FT-IR FTRaman (FT-Raman ShapiroWilk, ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk, Wilk Shapiro-Wilk pósteste pós p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 0 05 (p<0,05) FTRaman, Raman, FT-Raman nível Portanto alcalinas 6,5 1, (1 pH=4,4 pH44 (pH=4,42 pH=6,9 pH69 9 (pH=6,96 pH=11,9 pH119 (pH=11,9 pH67 pH=6,7 (pH=6,75 n=1 n1 (n=1 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 6, ( pH=4, pH4 (pH=4,4 pH=6, pH6 (pH=6,9 pH=11, pH11 (pH=11, (pH=6,7 n= (n= p0 p<0, (p<0,0 pH=4 (pH=4, pH=6 (pH=6, pH=11 pH1 (pH=11 (n p<0 (p<0, pH= (pH=4 (pH=6 pH=1 (pH=1 p< (p<0 (pH= (p< (pH (p

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the biomodifying action of 6.5% grape seed extract solutions, with different pH, when applied on dentin collagen. Dentin bars (1.7 mm x 6.0 mm x 0.5 mm) were demineralized for 5 hours in 10% phosphoric acid, and distributed into the following groups: acid solution (pH=4.42); neutral (pH=6.96); alkaline (pH=11.92) and distilled water (pH=6.75). Three-point flexural test (n=10) and mass variation (n=10) were assessed at different periods (baseline, after biomodification, 7 and 14 days of remineralizing solution storage). For qualitative analysis, similar dentin bars were prepared and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman Spectroscopy (FT-Raman) before and after 1 hour of immersion in biomodifying solution with different pH. Data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk normality tests, followed by two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey's post-test (p<0.05). Alkaline solution was effective in increasing the modulus of elasticity, showing a decrease after 7 days and subsequent stabilization after 14 days of storage. Acid solution group showed a greater increase in the modulus of elasticity immediately after biomodification, but it was not stable over storage. Regarding mass variation, only the acid solution showed an increase in mass after biomodification and 14 days of storage. In relation to FT-IR and FT-Raman, all solutions showed interaction with collagen at some level. Therefore, pH of the solution directly influences the action of the grape seed extract, with satisfactory results being found in both acidic and alkaline solutions. 65 6 6.5 1.7 17 (1. 60 0 6. 05 0. 10 groups pH=4.42 pH442 4 42 (pH=4.42) pH=6.96 pH696 96 (pH=6.96) pH=11.92 pH1192 11 92 (pH=11.92 pH=6.75. pH675 pH=6.75 . 75 (pH=6.75) Threepoint Three point n=10 n10 n (n=10 baseline, baseline (baseline storage storage) analysis FTIR FT IR (FT-IR FTRaman (FT-Raman ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk tests twoway two way Tukeys Tukey s posttest post p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) FTRaman, Raman, FT-Raman level Therefore 1. (1 pH=4.4 pH44 (pH=4.42 pH=6.9 pH69 9 (pH=6.96 pH=11.9 pH119 (pH=11.9 pH67 pH=6.7 (pH=6.75 n=1 n1 (n=1 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 ( pH=4. pH4 (pH=4.4 pH=6. pH6 (pH=6.9 pH=11. pH11 (pH=11. (pH=6.7 n= (n= p0 p<0. (p<0.0 pH=4 (pH=4. pH=6 (pH=6. pH=11 pH1 (pH=11 (n p<0 (p<0. pH= (pH=4 (pH=6 pH=1 (pH=1 p< (p<0 (pH= (p< (pH (p

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a blood cancer characterized by the accumulation of clonal B-lymphocytes. This study evaluated the mRNA gene expression of miR-15a, miR-16- 1, ZAP-70, and Ang-2 by qPCR, as well as the plasma levels of Bcl-2 by Elisa immunoassay, in CLL patients and healthy controls. Significant differences were observed when comparing patients and controls regarding miR-15a (p < 0.001), miR-16-1 (p < 0.001) mRNA, Ang-2 gene expression, and Bcl-2 plasma levels (p < 0.001). When stratified by risk, differences were maintained with a significantly reduced expression in high-risk patients. A positive correlation was observed between miR-15a and platelets (R2 = 0.340; p = 0.009) as well as between Bcl-2 and leukocytes (R2 = 0.310; p = 0.019). Conversely, negative correlations were observed between ZAP-70 and platelets (R2 = - 0.334; p = 0.011), between miR-15a and lymphocytes (R2 = - 0.376; p = 0.004), as well as between miR-16-and lymphocytes (R2 = - 0.515; p = 0.00004). The data suggest that a reduction in miR-15a and miR-16-1 expressions, in addition to an overexpression of Bcl-2, are associated with the reduction in apoptosis and, consequently, to a longer survival of lymphocytes, thus contributing to lymphocyte accumulation and aggravation of the disease. By contrast, Ang-2 expression was significantly higher in A than in B + C Binet groups. This context leads to the speculation that this biomarker should be investigated in more robust studies within populations with a still relevantly indolent form of the disease in an attempt to identify those patients with a greater potential for an aggravation of the disease.

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the protective effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and commercial green tea (GT) on eroded dentin using in vitro and in situ experimental models. For the in vitro experiment, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were extracted from demineralized human coronary dentin powder (citric acid, pH 2.3) and assessed via a colorimetric assay and electrophoresis in gelatin. The gels were exposed to buffers with: control (no treatment), 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF), 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), GT infusion, and 0.1% EGCG, and their respective activity was analyzed by zymography. For the in situ experiment, 20 healthy volunteers (aged 20-32 years) participated in this single-center, blind, crossover study. The subjects wore upper removable devices containing four human dentin blocks. Erosive challenge (coke-1 min) was performed four times/day/5 days. Blocks were treated for 1 min with: control (No treatment), 0.05% NaF, 0.1% EGCG, and GT. Thereafter, the specimens were subjected to stylus profilometry and SEM. ANOVA was used to evaluate dentin roughness and wear, with a significance level of 5%. In the zymography analysis, 0.12% CHX, GT, and 0.1% EGCG were found to inhibit the action of MMPs; however, in the colorimetric assay, only green tea inhibited the activity of MMPs. There were no significant differences observed in dentin roughness or wear (p > 0.05). Herein, EGCG and GT inhibited the activity of endogenous proteases, resulting in protection against erosion-induced dentin damage; however, they could not prevent tooth tissue loss in situ.

ABSTRACT The inoculation of rhizobia in lima bean can increase its yield and contribute to smallholder farms. In this study, the potential of rhizobia in increasing the lima bean yield was evaluated in two regions from Piaui and Ceará states. The experiments were conducted in field comparing three rhizobia strains (UFPI32, UFPI38, UFPI59), one strain of reference to Phaseolus vulgaris (CIAT899) and two controls (with and without nitrogen). The parameters of nodulation, N accumulation and yield varied between treatments and locations. The nodule biomasses were higher in UFPI59 and UFPI32 (Piauí), and CIAT899 and UFPI32 (Ceará). The highest values of nodule size were found in treatments UFPI59 in both locations. Lima bean presented highest values of leaf N in UFPI59 and CIAT899. The highest values of grain yield were found in the treatment UFPI59 as compared to CIAT899 and the controls. The results confirmed the potential of UFPI59 in promoting nodulation, N accumulation, plant growth and yield of lima bean in both locations.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mensurar o grau de satisfação de profissionais de saúde quanto à usabilidade de um sistema de informação em saúde neonatal e identificar os fatores que podem influenciar na satisfação do usuário frente à usabilidade. Métodos: Estudo transversal e exploratório realizado com 50 profissionais de saúde integrantes dos centros da Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas Neonatais. Para avaliação da usabilidade foi utilizado o instrumento System Usability Scale entre fevereiro e março de 2017. Realizou-se a análise estatística descritiva e inferencial das variáveis coletadas, com a finalidade de descrever a amostra, quantificar o grau de satisfação dos usuários e identificar as variáveis associadas ao grau de satisfação do usuário em relação à usabilidade. Resultados: Da população avaliada, 75% era do sexo feminino, com idade média 52,8 anos, 58% com pós-graduação (doutorado); tempo médio da última formação de 17 anos; área de atuação em medicina (neonatologia), grau intermediário de conhecimento em informática e tempo de utilização média do sistema de 52 meses. Quanto à usabilidade, 94% avaliaram o sistema como “bom”, “excelente” ou “melhor impossível”. A usabilidade do sistema não foi associada a idade, sexo, escolaridade, profissão, área de atuação, nível de conhecimento em informática e tempo de uso do sistema. Conclusões: O grau de satisfação do usuário do sistema informatizado de saúde foi considerado bom. Não foram identificados fatores demográficos que influenciassem sua avaliação.

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the level of satisfaction regarding the usability of a neonatal health information system and identify if demographic factors can influence the usability of a health information system. Methods: A cross-sectional, exploratory study was carried out with a convenience sample of 50 users of the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network. The instrument chosen for the usability evaluation was the System Usability Scale between February and March 2017. The statistical analysis of the collected variables was carried out in order to describe the sample, to quantify the level of satisfaction of the users and to identify the variables associated with the level of satisfaction. Results: The female gender represented 75% of the sample. The mean age was 52.8 years; 58% had a doctoral degree, average time of graduation was 17 years, with area of practice in medicine (neonatology), with intermediate knowledge in computer science (74%) and mean system use time of 52 months. Regarding usability, 94% rated the system as “good”, “excellent” or “better than imaginable”. The usability of the system was not associated with age, gender, education, profession, area of practice, knowledge in computer science and time of system use. Conclusion: The level of satisfaction of the computerized health system user was considered good. No demographic factors were associated with the satisfaction of the users.

Abstract This research explored the potential of Camellia sinensis-derived teas and active compounds to be used as treatments to prevent dentin wear. Human root dentin slabs were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 10) as follows: distilled water (DW, control), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), theaflavin gallate derivatives (TF), commercial green tea (GT), and commercial black tea (BT). The samples were submitted to a pellicle formation and an erosive cycling model (5x/day, demineralization using 0.01 M hydrochloric acid/60 s) followed by remineralization (human stimulated saliva/60 min) for three days. The samples were treated for 5 min using the test group solutions between the erosive cycles. Dentin changes were assessed with profilometry analysis and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The data regarding wear were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). EGCG, TF derivatives, and both regular teas significantly suppressed erosive dentin loss (38–47%, p < 0.05). No obvious changes in the Raman spectra were detected in the specimens; however, the DW group had a minor relationship of 2880/2940 cm−1. The phenolic contents in both green and black tea and the important catechins appear to have protective effects on dentin loss.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To identify the frequency of intention to migrate to the interior of Peru (IMIP) and assess the association between perceived stress (PS) and IMIP among physicians and nurses residing in metropolitan Lima in 2015. Materials and methods. This was a secondary analysis of data obtained from the National Survey of Satisfaction of Users in Health (Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud-ENSUSALUD) in 2015. Only professionals residing in Metropolitan Lima were included for the analysis. IMIP was defined as the intention to work in a geographical region other than Lima. PS was measured using the 14-question perceived stress scale validated in Spanish. Logistic regression was used to evaluate this association; the measure of association was the odds ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results. Data from 796 professionals were analyzed, 54.8% of whom were nurses. The average age was 45.2 years; 4.9% (37) of the participants had IMIP, 64.9% (24) of whom were nurses. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated an association between higher PS and IMIP (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07-1.60). Conclusions. The IMIP was reported by one of every 20 professionals and was associated with higher PS in the study group.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Identificar la frecuencia de intención de migrar al interior del país y valorar la asociación entre el estrés percibido (EP) y la intención de migrar al interior del país (IMIP) en médicos y enfermeros que residían en Lima Metropolitana durante el 2015. Materiales y métodos. Análisis secundario de datos, empleando la Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud (ENSUSALUD) del año 2015. Se incluyeron únicamente a aquellos profesionales que residían en Lima Metropolitana. Se definió como IMIP a aquellos que manifestaron su intención de trabajar en algún departamento diferente de Lima. Para medir el EP se empleó la Perceived stress scale de 14 preguntas, validada en español. Se empleó regresión logística para valorar la asociación planteada. La medida de asociación reportada fue el odds ratio (OR), con su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados. Se analizaron datos de 796 profesionales, de los cuales el 54,8% fueron enfermeros. La edad promedio fue de 45,2 años. El 4,9% (37) de los participantes tuvieron IMIP, de los cuales, el 64,9% (24) fueron enfermeros. En el análisis de regresión logística multivariado, se encontró asociación entre una mayor percepción de estrés con la IMIP (OR=1,31; IC95%:1,07-1,60). Conclusiones. La IMIP se presentó en uno de cada 20 profesionales y se asoció a un mayor EP en el personal de la salud estudiado.

Objectives. To identify the frequency of intention to migrate to the interior of Peru (IMIP) and assess the association between perceived stress (PS) and IMIP among physicians and nurses residing in metropolitan Lima in 2015. Materials and methods. This was a secondary analysis of data obtained from the National Survey of Satisfaction of Users in Health (Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud-ENSUSALUD) in 2015. Only professionals residing in Metropolitan Lima were included for the analysis. IMIP was defined as the intention to work in a geographical region other than Lima. PS was measured using the 14-question perceived stress scale validated in Spanish. Logistic regression was used to evaluate this association; the measure of association was the odds ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results. Data from 796 professionals were analyzed, 54.8% of whom were nurses. The average age was 45.2 years; 4.9% (37) of the participants had IMIP, 64.9% (24) of whom were nurses. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated an association between higher PS and IMIP (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07-1.60). Conclusions. The IMIP was reported by one of every 20 professionals and was associated with higher PS in the study group.

Objetivos. Identificar la frecuencia de intención de migrar al interior del país y valorar la asociación entre el estrés percibido (EP) y la intención de migrar al interior del país (IMIP) en médicos y enfermeros que residían en Lima Metropolitana durante el 2015. Materiales y métodos. Análisis secundario de datos, empleando la Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud (ENSUSALUD) del año 2015. Se incluyeron únicamente a aquellos profesionales que residían en Lima Metropolitana. Se definió como IMIP a aquellos que manifestaron su intención de trabajar en algún departamento diferente de Lima. Para medir el EP se empleó la Perceived stress scale de 14 preguntas, validada en español. Se empleó regresión logística para valorar la asociación planteada. La medida de asociación reportada fue el odds ratio (OR), con su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados. Se analizaron datos de 796 profesionales, de los cuales el 54,8% fueron enfermeros. La edad promedio fue de 45,2 años. El 4,9% (37) de los participantes tuvieron IMIP, de los cuales, el 64,9% (24) fueron enfermeros. En el análisis de regresión logística multivariado, se encontró asociación entre una mayor percepción de estrés con la IMIP (OR=1,31; IC95%:1,07-1,60). Conclusiones. La IMIP se presentó en uno de cada 20 profesionales y se asoció a un mayor EP en el personal de la salud estudiado.

RESUMO Introdução: A reconstrução dos defeitos no assoalho orbital após fraturas constitui um desafio ao cirurgião plástico, pois além da expectativa estética e reconstrutora do paciente, cabe o tratamento de possíveis complicações funcionais, como diplopia e parestesias faciais. O objetivo é demonstrar uma série de casos utilizando cartilagem auricular conchal para reposição volumétrica orbital e estrutural do assoalho. Métodos: Foram avaliados 24 pacientes, operados pelo autor deste trabalho no período de 2013 a 2016, por motivo de fraturas de assoalho orbital pura (blow-out) ou impura (conjugadas a lesões de margem orbital, como zigoma e maxila). A técnica de estruturação do assoalho utilizou enxerto cartilaginoso autólogo conchal em todos os casos. Os pacientes foram catalogados quanto à presença de queixas pré-operatórias, como parestesia e diplopia, e sintomas, como enoftalmia, assim como resultados pós-operatórios. Resultados: A presença de lesões concomitantes como fratura de complexo zigomático e fratura maxilar pode influenciar no sucesso da reconstrução, assim como as fraturas com maior área de descontinuidade no assoalho orbital. Poucos pacientes apresentaram queixas pós-operatórias e somente dois casos (9,2%) necessitaram de nova abordagem cirúrgica. Conclusão: A cartilagem conchal auricular autóloga é um material adequado à reconstrução de defeitos no assoalho orbital pós-fratura, apresentando como vantagens a fácil obtenção, baixa morbidade, cicatriz inconspícua, excelente adaptação ao formato do assoalho da órbita e consequente reposição volumétrica. Introdução plástico paciente funcionais faciais Métodos 2 201 2016 blowout blow out (blow-out conjugadas maxila. maxila . maxila) préoperatórias, préoperatórias pré operatórias, operatórias pré-operatórias sintomas enoftalmia pósoperatórios. pósoperatórios pós operatórios. operatórios pós-operatórios Resultados pósoperatórias 9,2% 92 9 (9,2% cirúrgica Conclusão pósfratura, pósfratura fratura, pós-fratura obtenção morbidade inconspícua 20 9,2 (9,2 9, (9, (9 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: The reconstruction of defects in the orbital floor after fractures poses a challenge to the plastic surgeon because besides the patient’s aesthetic and reconstructive expectations, possible functional complications such as diplopia and facial paresthesia must be treated. This study aimed at reporting a series of cases in which conchal auricular cartilage was used for volumetric orbital and structural replacement of the floor. Methods: Twenty-four patients, with surgery performed by the author, between 2013 and 2016, for pure (blow-out) or impure (conjugated to orbital margin injuries, such as zygoma and maxilla) orbital floor fractures, were evaluated. The repair technique involved autologous conchal cartilage graft in all cases. Patients were classified for the presence of preoperative complaints, including paresthesia and diplopia, and symptoms such as enophthalmia, as well as postoperative outcomes. Results: The existence of concomitant lesions, such as zygomatic complex and maxillary fracture, as well as fractures with greater discontinuity in the orbital floor, may influence the success of reconstruction. Few patients exhibited postoperative complaints and only two (9.2%) required a new surgical approach. Conclusion: Autologous conchal auricular cartilage is a suitable material for reconstruction of defects in the post-fracture orbital floor, possessing various advantages, including ease of attainment, low morbidity, inconspicuous scar, and excellent adaptation to the shape of the orbital floor and consequent volumetric replacement. Introduction patient s expectations treated Methods Twentyfour Twenty four author 201 2016 blowout blow out (blow-out conjugated injuries maxilla evaluated enophthalmia outcomes Results lesions fracture 9.2% 92 9 2 (9.2% approach Conclusion postfracture post advantages attainment morbidity scar 20 9.2 (9.2 9. (9. (9 (

Objetive: Determine in a population of non-smokers, smokers and former-smokers, the level of knowledge of the health risks that smoking generate. Material and Methods: An epidemiological, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research, was conducted in September 2015 in the city of Lima and Callao. A survey of over 18 was applied. Participants were divided into three groups, smokers, former-smokers and non-smokers. Results: The study included 2270 subjects, 744 were smokers, 752 former-smokers and 774 non-smokers. The group that mostly associated the tobacco to many diseases was the group of former-smokers, 53.8% of them mentioned to lung cancer as the most common disease related to tobacco. The non-smokers was the group that knows less often the risks of smoking. In all three groups, the most tobacco-related disease was the lung cancer, followed by myocardial infarction, while fertility was little associated. Television was the main means of dissemination about the dangers of smoking, while social networks do not have a leading role. For the former-smokers will hit more information about the risks of smoking (p<0.05). Conclusion: Former-smokers had more information on the risk of smoking. In the three groups the most tobacco-related disease was the lung cancer, and there was very little information about fertility and cigarette consumption. Former- smokers do the impacted more risk information cigarette. Television remains the main instrument to fight against smoking.

Objetivo: Determinar en una población de no fumadores, fumadores y exfumadores, el nivel de conocimiento sobre los peligros y riesgos en la salud que genera el tabaquismo. Material y Métodos: Es un estudio epidemiológico, observacional, descriptivo y transversal, que se realizó en setiembre del 2015 en la ciudad de Lima y el Callao. Se aplicó una encuesta a mayores de 18 años. Los participantes fueron divididos en tres grupos, fumadores, exfumadores y no-fumadores. Resultados: Se incluyeron a 2270 sujetos, 744 eran fumadores, 752 exfumadores y 774 no- fumadores. El grupo que más asoció el tabaco a enfermedades es el de exfumadores, el 53,8% de ellos mencionaban al cáncer de pulmón. El grupo de no- fumadores fue el que con menos frecuencia conocía los peligros del tabaquismo. En los tres grupos: la enfermedad más relacionada al tabaco fue el cáncer de pulmón, seguida por el infarto del miocardio, mientras que la fertilidad se asoció poco. La televisión fue el principal medio de difusión sobre los peligros del fumar, mientras las redes sociales aún no tienen un rol preponderante. A los ex- fumadores les impactó más la información sobre los riesgos del hábito de fumar (p<0.05). Conclusión: Los exfumadores son los que tenían mayor información sobre los peligros del tabaquismo en la salud. Los tres grupos relacionaban más al tabaco con el cáncer de pulmón, y existía poca información sobre la fertilidad y el consumo del cigarrillo. A los exfumadores les impactó más la información antitabáquica. La televisión fue el principal medio de difusión sobre los peligros del fumar.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green tea as a protective measure on eroded dentin. Disks of human coronary dentin were selected based on surface hardness and randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 10): DW - distilled water, CHX - 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate, and GT - green tea. The disks were allowed to acquire pellicle for 2 hours and were then subjected to 3 cycles per day of demineralization (C6H8O7 0.05 M, pH 3.75, 60 s), treatment (DW or CHX or GT, 5 min) and remineralization (artificial saliva, 60 min) over a period of 3 days. Changes in the dentin were determined by loss of surface hardness (%SHL) and mechanical profilometry analysis at the end of each day. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for %SHL and profilometry (p < 0.05). Significant reductions in dentin hardness loss were observed only for the CHX group when compared to the DW group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the CHX and GT groups (p > 0.05). A significant difference was observed between DW and GT treatments for wear and roughness measurements (p < 0.05). The green tea extract solution was able to reduce the wear and roughness caused by dentin erosion under the conditions of this study.

Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da incorporação de epigalocatequina-3-galato (EGCG) nas propriedades físico-químicas de um sistema adesivo à base de metacrilato. O EGCG foi adicionado ao Adper Easy One (3M-ESPE), exceto para o grupo controle, para a obtenção das concentrações de 0,01% e 0,1% p/p. No ensaio de sorção (S) e solubilidade (SL), foram confeccionados discos de resina de acordo com as recomendações da ISO (n=10). O grau de conversão (GC) foi analisado através de FTIR, enquanto a resistência flexural (RF) foi avaliada em teste de flexão de três pontos com espécimes em forma de barra (n=10). Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância a um critério e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre as concentrações de EGCG testadas no GC, SL e RF (p>0,05). Adesivos contendo EGCG a 0,1% ou 0,01% apresentaram valores similares de SL (p>0,05) e maiores do que os valores obtidos pelo adesivo não incorporado por EGCG. Conclui-se que a adição de EGCG ao adesivo reduziu a solubilidade sem afetar as outras propriedades avaliadas.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) incorporation on the physicochemical properties of a methacrylate-based dental adhesive. EGCG was added to Adper Easy One (3M-ESPE) except in control group, to obtain concentrations of 0.01% w/w and 0.1% w/w of EGCG-doped adhesives. For water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) surveys, resin discs were assayed following ISO recommendations (n=10). The degree of conversion (DC) was analyzed by FTIR whereas flexural strength (FS) was tested by three-point bending with bar specimens (n=10). Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). No significant difference in the DC, WS and FS were found between the different concentrations of EGCG (p>0.05). Adhesives containing 0.1% or 0.01% of EGCC demonstrated similar values of SL (p>0.05) and higher than those found for adhesive without EGCC (p<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of EGCC to adhesive reduced the solubility without affecting the other evaluated properties.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência dos tratamentos de superfícies e a temperatura de secagem do silano na resistência de união de resina composta à cerâmica de disilicato de lítio. Vinte blocos (7x7x5 mm) de cerâmica à base de disilicato de lítio foram fabricados e aleatoriamente divididos em quatro grupos: G1: condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico a 9,5% por 20 s e secagem do silano com ar à temperatura ambiente; G2: condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico a 9,5% por 20 s e secagem do silano com ar aquecido a 45± 5 °C; G3: jateamento com partículas de óxido de alumínio de 50 µm e secagem do silano com ar aquecido a 45 ± 5 °C; G4: jateamento com partículas de óxido de alumínio de 50 µm e secagem do silano com ar à temperatura ambiente. Após os tratamentos, o adesivo Adper Single Bond 2 foi aplicado, fotoativado e foi construído um platô de resina composta (Filtek Z250). Cada espécime foi armazenado em água destilada a 37 °C por 24 h e cortados em forma de palito de área adesiva de 1 mm2 para a realização do teste de microtração. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e ao teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (α=0,05). As médias (D.P.) dos valores de resistência de união em MPa foram: G1: 32,14 (7,98), G2: 35,00 (7,77) e G3: 18,36 (6,17). G1 e G2 apresentaram maiores valores de resistência de união que G3 (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatística entre as médias dos valores dos grupos G1 e G2 (p>0,05). Levando-se em consideração a resistência de união, o pré-tratamento de cerâmica de disilicato de lítio com ácido fluorídrico e aplicação de silano pode ser uma alternativa para o reparo de restaurações de cerâmicas com resinas compostas, enquanto que o pré-tratamento de superfície com o jateamento deve ser evitado.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ceramic surface treatments and silane drying temperature on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of a resin composite to a lithium disilicate ceramic. Twenty blocks (7x7x5 mm) of lithium disilicate-based hotpressed ceramic were fabricated and randomly divided into 4 groups: G1: acid etching with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s and drying silane with room-temperature air; G2: acid etching with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s and drying silane with 45 ± 5 °C warm air; G3: airborne-particle abrasion with 50 µm aluminum oxide particles and drying silane with 45 ± 5 °C warm air; G4: airborne-particle abrasion with 50 µm aluminum oxide particles and drying silane with air at room-temperature. After treatments, an adhesive system (Single Bond 2) was applied, light-cured and direct restorations were built up with a resin composite (Filtek Z250). Each specimen was stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h and cut into ceramic-composite beams with 1 mm2 of cross-sectional area for µTBS testing. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test (α=0.05). µTBS means (S.D.) in MPa were: G1: 32.14 (7.98), G2: 35.00 (7.77) and G3: 18.36 (6.17). All specimens of G4 failed during the cutting. G1 and G2 presented significantly higher µTBS than G3 (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between G1 and G2 (p>0.05). As far as the bond strength is concerned, surface pretreatment of lithium-disilicate ceramic with hydrofluoric acid and silane application can be used as an alternative to repair ceramic restorations with composite resin, while surface pretreatment with sandblasting should be avoided.

This study evaluated the effect of a 2% chlorhexidine-based disinfectant (CHX) on the short-term resin-dentin bond strength of a self-etch adhesive system to human dentin with different mineral contents. Dentinal mineralization was tested at 4 levels (sound, and after 2, 4, or 8 days of demineralization-remineralization cycles) and disinfectant at 2 levels [deionized water (DW, negative control) and CHX]. Dentin demineralization induced by pH-cycling was characterized by cross-sectional hardness (CSH). Each dentin surface was divided into halves, one treated with DW and the other with CHX (5 minutes). Each surface was bonded with a self-etch adhesive system and restored. The specimens were sectioned and subjected to microtensile bond testing. CSH and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) data were analyzed by regression analysis and ANOVA-Tukey tests (α = 5%), respectively. The groups treated with CHX resulted in mean µTBS similar to those found for the groups in which the dentin was exposed to DW (p = 0.821). However, mean µTBS were strongly influenced by dentin mineralization (p < 0.05): the bond strength found for sound dentin was lower than that found for dentin cycled for 8 days, which was even lower than the bond strengths for dentin cycled for 2 or 4 days. The results suggest that the degree of dentin demineralization affects the bond strength of self-etching adhesives, but the use of CHX does not modify this effect.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da remoção de lama dentinária por agentes de limpeza cavitária através da análise de microscopia de força atômica (MFA). METODOLOGIA: Cinco terceiros molares humanos hígidos foram seccionados transversalmente na porção coronária, obtendo discos de dentina de 2 mm, que foram desgastados com lixas de granulação 600, por 10 s.Foram feitos cortes seriados longitudinais e perpendiculares entre si, obtendo-se quarto espécimes de cada dente. Os espécimes foram divididos em 4 grupos: GI- clorexidina a 2%; GII- água de hidróxido de cálcio; GIII- solução fluoretada a 1,23%; GIV - ácido fosfórico 37%. As soluções foram aplicadas com pincel por 60 s, com exceção do ácido fosfórico que foi aplicado por 15 s e lavado com água destilada pelo mesmo tempo. Os espécimes foram analisados por MFA. RESULTADOS: Todos os espécimes de GI e GII apresentaram 100 % dos túbulos dentinários obliterados por lama dentinária. Os espécimes de GIII e GIV apresentaram 0 % dos túbulos obliterados por lama dentinária. CONCLUSÃO: A solução de fluoretada a 1,23 % foi eficiente na remoção de lama dentinária, podendo ser empregada na limpeza de cavidades.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of smear layer removal by cavity cleaning agents by the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM). METHODS: Five intact human third molars were sectioned in the coronal portion to obtain dentin disks, which were ground with 600-grit abrasive paper for 10 s. Serial longitudinal sections were made perpendicular to each other to create four specimens, from each tooth. The specimens were divided into four treatment groups: GI, 2% chlorhexidine; GII, calcium hydroxide solution; GIII, 1.23% fluoride solution; and GIV, 37% phosphoric acid. The solutions were applied with a brush for 60 s, with the exception of the 37% phosphoric acid, which was applied for 15 s and rinsed with distilled water for 60 s. The specimens were examined by AFM. RESULTS: All of the specimens in GI and GII showed 100% of the dentin tubules obliterated by the smear layer. However, all of the specimens in GIII and GIV showed 0% of the dentin tubules obliterated by the smear layer. CONCLUSION: The 1.23% fluoride solution was effective in removing the smear layer and can be used as a cavity cleanser.